WO2019137604A1 - Nœud de capteur, système de surveillance, procédés de formation correspondant et surveillance - Google Patents

Nœud de capteur, système de surveillance, procédés de formation correspondant et surveillance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019137604A1
WO2019137604A1 PCT/EP2018/050523 EP2018050523W WO2019137604A1 WO 2019137604 A1 WO2019137604 A1 WO 2019137604A1 EP 2018050523 W EP2018050523 W EP 2018050523W WO 2019137604 A1 WO2019137604 A1 WO 2019137604A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor node
sensor
microcontroller
sulphur
information
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/050523
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Daves
Bee Keen Gan
Jingting Cher
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to PCT/EP2018/050523 priority Critical patent/WO2019137604A1/fr
Publication of WO2019137604A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019137604A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02—Food
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/0047—Organic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0073—Control unit therefor
    • G01N33/0075—Control unit therefor for multiple spatially distributed sensors, e.g. for environmental monitoring

Definitions

  • Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a sensor node, a monitoring system, and/or methods of forming the same. Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a method of monitoring.
  • the sensor node includes a sensor unit configured to detect at least one volatile sulphur compound and at least one non- sulphur containing volatile organic compound.
  • the sensor node also includes a microcontroller in electrical connection with the sensor unit.
  • the microcontroller is configured to generate information based on the at least one volatile sulphur compound and the at least one non-sulphur containing volatile organic compound detected.
  • the sensor node additionally includes a communicator in electrical connection with the microcontroller, the communicator configured to transmit the information to an external device.
  • the system includes at least one sensor node as described herein.
  • the system further includes a monitoring platform configured to receive the information generated by the microcontroller of the at least one sensor node.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of monitoring.
  • the method includes detecting at least one volatile sulphur compound and at least one non sulphur containing volatile organic compound so that information is generated based on the at least one volatile sulphur compound and the at least one non- sulphur containing volatile organic compound detected.
  • the method also includes sending the information generated.
  • the method may include providing a sensor unit configured to detect at least one volatile sulphur compound and at least one non-sulphur containing volatile organic compound.
  • the method may also include electrically connecting a microcontroller with the sensor unit, the microcontroller configured to generate information based on the at least one volatile sulphur compound and the at least one non- sulphur containing volatile organic compound detected.
  • the method may further include electrically connecting a communicator with the microcontroller, the communicator configured to transmit the information to an external device.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of forming a monitoring system.
  • the method may include providing at least one sensor node as described herein.
  • the method may further include providing a monitoring platform configured to receive the information generated by the microcontroller of the at least one sensor node.
  • FIG. 1 A shows a general schematic of a sensor node according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 1B shows a schematic showing an implementation of the sensor node shown in FIG. 1 A.
  • FIG. 1C shows an image of the BME680 sensor.
  • FIG. 1D illustrates the different functionalities of the BME280 sensor and the BME680 sensor.
  • FIG. 2A shows a monitoring system according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2B shows a monitoring system according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 2C illustrates one implementation of the system illustrated in FIG. 2B.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the typical mushroom growing process.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a method of monitoring according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a method of monitoring according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a method of forming a sensor node according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a method of forming a system to control an environment of an area according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 1A shows a general schematic of a sensor node 100 according to one embodiment.
  • the sensor node 100 includes a sensor unit 102 configured to detect at least one volatile sulphur compound and at least one non-sulphur containing volatile organic compound.
  • the sensor node 100 also includes a microcontroller (MCU) 104 in electrical connection with the sensor unit 102.
  • the microcontroller 104 is configured to generate information based on the at least one volatile sulphur compound (VSC) and the at least one non- sulphur containing volatile organic compound (VOC) detected.
  • the sensor node 100 additionally includes a communicator 106, e.g.
  • the communicator 106 may be a wireless communicator, and may be configured to transmit the information to an external device, such as a computer or server of a cloud network, via wireless communications. It may also be envisioned that the communicator 106 may be configured to transmit the information to the external device via wired communications.
  • Wireless communications may, for instance, be any one selected from a group consisting of Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, and Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) communications (e.g. LoRa).
  • LPWAN Low-Power Wide-Area Network
  • a “circuit” may be understood as any kind of a logic implementing entity, which may be special purpose circuitry or a processor executing software stored in a memory, firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • a “circuit” may be a hard-wired logic circuit or a programmable logic circuit such as a programmable processor, e.g. a microprocessor (e.g. a Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) processor or a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processor).
  • CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
  • RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
  • a “circuit” may also be a processor executing software, e.g. any kind of computer program, e.g. a computer program using a virtual machine code such as e.g. Java. Any other kind of implementation of the respective functions which will be described in more detail below may also be understood as a "circuit” in accordance with an alternative embodiment.
  • FIG. 1B shows a schematic showing an implementation of the sensor node 100 shown in FIG. 1A.
  • the sensor node 100 further includes a power source, such as a battery 110, in electrical connection with the microcontroller 104.
  • the battery 110 provides power to the microcontroller 104, the sensor unit 102, and the wireless communicator 106.
  • the battery 110 is held in a battery compartment of the sensor node 100.
  • the sensor node 100 also includes a housing 112 to hold the microcontroller 104, the sensor unit 102, the wireless communicator 106, and the battery 110.
  • the housing 112 includes a media access channel 114 so that the sensor unit 102 is exposed to the external environment.
  • the media access channel 114 allows target gases, e.g.
  • the sensor unit 102 may also be configured to detect carbon dioxide.
  • the sensor unit 102 may also be configured to detect or measure pressure, humidity, and/or temperature.
  • the inclusion of the battery 110 removes the need for power lines to provide power to the node 100, thus improving ease of use.
  • Mushrooms may give off different amounts or proportions of different gas species such as carbon dioxide, volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) and/or non-sulphur containing volatile organic compounds at different stages of growth.
  • Volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) include sulphur-containing volatile organic compounds such as dimethyl sulfide (C2H6S) and dimethyl disulfide (C2H6S2).
  • Non-sulphur containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are volatile organic compounds not containing sulphur, i.e. compounds without sulphur atoms bonded to the molecules of the compounds.
  • VOCs may include ketones, alcohols such as octanol-based organic compounds, e.g. l-octanol, 3-octanol, 1- octen-3-ol etc.
  • mushrooms ripen when mushrooms ripen, they may give off a different level of volatile organic compounds compared to unripe mushrooms. Accordingly, by detecting the different intensities or proportions of the gas species, mushroom farmers or operators may be able to be alerted to an appropriate time for harvesting. Correlation of intensities of different mushroom smells, i.e. gas species, and growth duration may provide information on the best time for harvesting. In mushroom harvesting, the duration for mushrooms spawning to harvest can be critical and the best harvesting period is usually short. The information generated by the sensor node 100 may provide an indication of growth duration or whether the mushroom are ripe, and may alert on the best time to harvest them, without additional labor physically checking the mushrooms for the best time to harvest.
  • Existing environment solutions may typically include optical nondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors, which are costly, have high power consumption, and may not be suitable for use in growing of mushrooms.
  • NDIR optical nondispersive infrared
  • the sensor node 100 may have lower cost per than existing solutions, and may also enjoy low latency of real time monitoring due to very short response time.
  • the sensor unit 102, microcontroller 104 and/or wireless communicator 106 may be low power, thus prolonging battery life and reducing costs of power consumption.
  • the sensor node 100 may be portable and may be placed near the mushrooms, thus increasing accuracy of detection.
  • the information generated may provide an indication on quality or health of mushrooms, or a quality of a compost.
  • the health of mushrooms may be carrying out using VOC sensing.
  • the sensor node 100 can be used in mushroom packaging facilities to check on the mushroom quality based on VOC and/or VSC sensing. For instance, spoiled mushrooms may be distinguished from fresh mushrooms as spoiled mushrooms give off higher VSCs. Further, different qualities of compost may give off different amounts or proportions of VSCs and/or VOCs.
  • the microcontroller 104 may also be configured to control the sensor unit 102.
  • the communicator 106 may, upon receiving a signal, such as a wireless signal including an indication for the sensor node 100 to be switched on or be activated, transmit the indication to the microcontroller 104.
  • the microcontroller 104 then switches or turns on the sensor unit 102 for gas sensing.
  • the microcontroller 104 may switch off the sensor unit 102 or switch the sensor unit 102 to“sleep” mode, which may help to reduce power consumption and prolong battery life.
  • the microcontroller 104 and the wireless communicator 106 may also be switched to“sleep” mode if the microcontroller 104 does not receive the indication for the predetermined period of time.
  • the sensor unit 102 may include a first sensor configured to detect the at least one volatile sulphur compound, and a second sensor configured to detect the at least one non sulphur containing volatile organic compound.
  • the sensor unit 102 may contain different sensors to detect different VOCs and VSCs.
  • the sensor unit 102 may also include additional sensors to detect other gas species, and/or other parameters such as temperature, humidity etc. In other words, the sensor unit 102 may include other gas sensors to detect other gas species, and other sensors such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors etc.
  • the sensor unit 102 may include one sensor configured to detect the at least one volatile sulphur compound and the at least one non- sulphur containing volatile organic compound.
  • the sensor unit 102 may include a single sensor to detect the VOCs and VSCs. Different or multiple VOCs and/or VSCs may be detected via different operation modes/algorithm on the single sensor.
  • the sensor may also be further configured to detect other gas species.
  • the sensor may also be configured to detect or measure other parameters such as temperature, humidity etc.
  • the sensor or sensors may be micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) based multi-pixel gas sensor(s).
  • MEMS micro-electromechanical systems
  • the sensor(s) may be a metal oxide semiconductor sensor(s).
  • a metal oxide semiconductor sensor includes a substrate, a heating layer (also referred to as“heater”) on the substrate, a seed layer on the heating layer, and a sensing layer on the seed layer.
  • a first electrode is on the seed layer in contact with a first end of the sensing layer, and a second electrode is on the seed layer in contact with a second end of the sensing layer.
  • the seed layer encourages nucleation of the sensing layer at spaced-apart, isolated and/or sporadic sites.
  • the sensing layer may be formed from materials such as tin dioxide (Sn0 2 ), tungsten trioxide (WO3), and zinc oxide (ZnO).
  • a voltage is applied to the heater, which heats up the sensing layer.
  • the sensing layer may include other materials such as organic materials.
  • a potential difference is then applied between the first electrode and the second electrode so that a current flows through the electrodes and the sensing layer.
  • the gas molecules binds to the grain boundary via adsorption, thus changing (i.e. increasing or reducing) the current flowing through.
  • the change of the current depends on the type and/or amount of gas.
  • the sensor(s) may thus be able to detect the presence of volatile sulphur compounds and/or non sulphur containing volatile organic compounds.
  • the sensor(s) may alternatively be electro-chemical sensor(s).
  • An electro- chemical sensor may, for instance, have a membrane (sensing layer) that absorbs the VOCs and/or VSCs. The membrane is in contact with a first electrode and a second electrode.
  • the absorbed VOCs and/or VSCs may have an electrochemical, reduction/oxidation reaction with the first electrode upon application of a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode, thus affecting the current flowing through the membrane, the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the change in current indicates the type and/or amount of gas.
  • the sensor may, for instance, be a multi-pixel gas sensor, such as BME680 or its future generations, or any other suitable sensors from Bosch SensorTec.
  • the BME780 may be able to distinguish between the different VOC species such as ketones and alcohols, as well as between the different VSC compounds by using two or more sensor pixels.
  • FIG. 1C shows an image of the BME680 sensor.
  • FIG. 1D illustrates the different functionalities of the BME280 sensor and the BME680 sensor.
  • the BME680 sensor may be able to detect volatile organic compounds, in addition to detecting pressure, humidity and pressure.
  • the sensor may be any suitable sensor configured to detect volatile sulphur compound(s) and/or non-sulphur containing volatile organic compound(s).
  • the sensor(s) in the sensor unit 102 After detection, the sensor(s) in the sensor unit 102 generates a parameter or data, and transmits the parameter or data to the microcontroller 104.
  • the parameter or data may, for instance, be a value of a current flowing through the sensing layer, which may be dependent on the type and/or amount of gas detected.
  • the microcontroller 104 includes or stores a reference table. After receiving the data or parameter, the microcontroller compares the parameter or data transmitted with the reference table to identify the gas detected and/or determine the amount of gas detected.
  • the reference table correlates the parameter or data with the identity and/or amount of gas. Based on the type of gas identified and/or amount of gas determined, the microcontroller 104 generates information providing an indication of a growth duration of mushrooms, an indication on quality/health of mushrooms, and/or a quality of a compost.
  • FIG. 2A shows a monitoring system 200a according to one embodiment.
  • the system 200 includes at least one sensor node 100 as described herein.
  • the system further includes a monitoring platform 202 configured to receive the information generated by the microcontroller 104 of the at least one sensor node 100.
  • the system 200a may be deployed in a mushroom farm to monitor a growth duration of mushrooms, and to determine when the mushroom have ripened and are ready for harvesting.
  • the system 200a may alternatively be deployed in a mushroom packaging facility to monitor a quality of mushrooms, and to determine whether the mushrooms have spoilt.
  • the monitoring platform 202 may be configured to provide the information to an user, such as the farm operator or the farmer, by displaying the information.
  • the monitoring platform 202 may additionally or alternatively be configured to provide an audio and/or visual alert upon when a sensor node 100 provides information that the mushrooms are ready to be harvested, or when a sensor node 100 provides information that the mushrooms are spoilt.
  • FIG. 2B shows a monitoring system 200b according to another embodiment.
  • the monitoring system 200b may be used for controlling an environment, i.e. controlling one or more environmental parameters, of an area.
  • the system 200b may be deployed in a mushroom farm to control environmental parameters such as humidity, temperature, light, ventilation / pressure etc.
  • the system 200b may be placed in an enclosed area, such as a growing room, on the mushroom farm.
  • the system 200b includes at least one sensor node 100 and the monitoring platform 202.
  • the system 200b further includes one or more control devices 204 configured to control the environment of the area.
  • the monitoring platform 202 is further configured to control the one or more control devices 204 based on the information received.
  • the one or more control devices 204 may be selected from a group consisting of a fan, a heater, a cooler, and a humidifier.
  • FIG. 2C illustrates one implementation of the system 200b.
  • several sensor nodes 100 may be deployed in the mushroom farm to allow for spatially precise and accurate monitoring.
  • the information generated by the sensor nodes 100 may be sent to a cloud network 206 through a local gateway computer.
  • the cloud network 206 may include one or more computers or servers.
  • the monitoring platform 202 such as a computer, retrieves or downloads the information from the cloud network 206. Analysis may be carried out on the monitoring platform 202.
  • the monitoring platform 202 also implements smart control function of the control devices 204, e.g. fans, heaters, coolers, humidifiers etc. based on the information received, thus achieving optimization in energy consumption.
  • the system 200b may also be used to improve the growing process and the quality of the produce. With proper placement of the sensor nodes 100 within the farm and connected to the monitoring platform 202 via wireless communications, the growth stages of mushrooms at different locations within the farm may be monitored with greater efficiency.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the mushroom growing process.
  • growing of mushrooms is carried out using a one-zone system or a two-zone system.
  • the peak heating, spawn run and cropping are done in the same growing room.
  • the two zone system separate growing rooms are used for some production stages.
  • the environment in a growing room is controlled for efficient production of high-quality mushrooms.
  • different stages of growth require different conditions.
  • the system 200b is able to control environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light and ventilation to increase productivity of high quality mushrooms.
  • ripe mushrooms may require more ventilation, a lower temperature, and a lower level of humidity compared to unripe mushrooms.
  • the system 200b is able to detect a time in which the mushrooms ripen. The system 200b then alerts the operator or the farmer. In addition, the system 200b also automatically controls the control devices 204 to decrease the temperature and humidity, and increase the ventilation in the growing room.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a method of monitoring according to one embodiment.
  • the method may include, in 402, detecting at least one volatile sulphur compound and at least one non- sulphur containing volatile organic compound so that information is generated based on the at least one volatile sulphur compound and the at least one non- sulphur containing volatile organic compound detected.
  • the method may also include, in 404, sending or transmitting the information generated.
  • FIG. 4B illustrates a method of monitoring according to another embodiment.
  • the method illustrated in FIG. 4B may also be used to control an environment of an area, i.e. control one or more environmental parameters in the area.
  • the method may further include, in 406, receiving the information sent.
  • the method may also include, in 408, controlling the environment of the area, i.e. controlling one or more environmental parameters, based on the information received.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a method of forming a sensor node according to one embodiment.
  • the method may include, in 502, providing a sensor unit configured to detect at least one volatile sulphur compound and at least one non-sulphur containing volatile organic compound.
  • the method may also include, in 504, electrically connecting a microcontroller with the sensor unit, the microcontroller configured to generate information based on the at least one volatile sulphur compound and the at least one non- sulphur containing volatile organic compound detected.
  • the method may further include, in 506, electrically connecting a communicator with the microcontroller, the communicator configured to transmit the information to an external device.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a method of forming a monitoring system according to one embodiment.
  • the method may include, in 602, providing at least one sensor node as described herein.
  • the method may further include, in 604, providing a monitoring platform configured to receive the information generated by the microcontroller of the at least one sensor node.
  • node, system and/or method as described herein may be used in other areas or applications, such as growing of other crops (e.g. com, oats, sesame etc.) and pollution monitoring / control.
  • crops e.g. com, oats, sesame etc.
  • pollution monitoring / control e.g. com, oats, sesame etc.

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Abstract

Un mode de réalisation de la présente invention concerne un nœud de capteur. Le nœud de capteur comprend une unité de capteur conçue pour détecter au moins un composé soufré volatil et au moins un composé organique volatil contenant du soufre. Le nœud de capteur comprend également un microcontrôleur en connexion électrique avec l'unité de capteur. Le microcontrôleur est conçu pour générer des informations en fonction desdits composés soufrés volatils et desdits composés organiques volatils non soufrés détectés. Le nœud de capteur comprend en outre un dispositif de communication en connexion électrique avec le microcontrôleur, le dispositif de communication étant conçu pour transmettre les informations à un dispositif externe.
PCT/EP2018/050523 2018-01-10 2018-01-10 Nœud de capteur, système de surveillance, procédés de formation correspondant et surveillance WO2019137604A1 (fr)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11636870B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-04-25 Denso International America, Inc. Smoking cessation systems and methods
US11760170B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-09-19 Denso International America, Inc. Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods
US11760169B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-09-19 Denso International America, Inc. Particulate control systems and methods for olfaction sensors
US11813926B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-11-14 Denso International America, Inc. Binding agent and olfaction sensor
US11828210B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-11-28 Denso International America, Inc. Diagnostic systems and methods of vehicles using olfaction
US11881093B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2024-01-23 Denso International America, Inc. Systems and methods for identifying smoking in vehicles
US11932080B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2024-03-19 Denso International America, Inc. Diagnostic and recirculation control systems and methods
US12017506B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2024-06-25 Denso International America, Inc. Passenger cabin air control systems and methods

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