WO2019128924A1 - 一种天线装置及波束状态切换方法 - Google Patents

一种天线装置及波束状态切换方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019128924A1
WO2019128924A1 PCT/CN2018/123113 CN2018123113W WO2019128924A1 WO 2019128924 A1 WO2019128924 A1 WO 2019128924A1 CN 2018123113 W CN2018123113 W CN 2018123113W WO 2019128924 A1 WO2019128924 A1 WO 2019128924A1
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Prior art keywords
antenna
sub
network
array
ports
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PCT/CN2018/123113
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王琳琳
肖伟宏
杨朝辉
秦菅
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP18896947.1A priority Critical patent/EP3723202A4/en
Publication of WO2019128924A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019128924A1/zh
Priority to US16/910,922 priority patent/US10958322B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
    • H04B7/0608—Antenna selection according to transmission parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0691—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using subgroups of transmit antennas

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna device and a beam state switching method.
  • the smart antenna is also called an adaptive array antenna, which is composed of an antenna array, a beamforming network, and a beamforming algorithm. It adjusts the weighted amplitude and phase of each array element signal by an algorithm that satisfies a certain criterion, thereby adjusting the shape of the antenna array to achieve the purpose of enhancing the required signal suppression interference signal.
  • the smart antenna technology is suitable for a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) CDMA system, which can suppress multi-user interference and increase system capacity to a large extent.
  • TDD Time Division Duplexing
  • a stereo multi-beam antenna technology or a Massive MIMO (MM) technology is generally used.
  • the stereo multi-beam antenna technology divides the antenna pattern of the three-sector coverage network of the wireless cellular system into multiple parts, and the horizontal dimension is divided into several parts, and the vertical dimension is divided into several parts.
  • MM is a high-end form of multi-antenna technology evolution and a key technology for 4.5G networks.
  • the number of RF channels and the number of antennas at the MM site are significantly improved, and the antenna is integrated with the RF unit as an Active Antenna Unit (AAU).
  • AAU Active Antenna Unit
  • MM can significantly improve single-user link performance and multi-user space division multiplexing capability compared to traditional multi-antenna technology, thereby significantly enhancing system link quality. And transmission rate.
  • the MM system increases the degree of freedom of the vertical dimension and flexibly adjusts the beam shape of the horizontal and vertical dimensions. Therefore, the three-dimensional coverage capability of the base station is significantly improved.
  • stereo multi-beam is suitable for small-package business scenarios where users are evenly distributed, and MM can be applied to large-package business scenarios, but The number of channels is high and the cost is low, and the performance of the small package is low. How to balance the two characteristics at the same time, support smooth evolution, and become a concern of operators.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna device and a beam state switching method, which can perform state switching according to a service scenario, and is applicable to multiple service scenarios.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides an antenna apparatus, where the antenna apparatus includes a group S antenna sub-array, an S group phase shift feed network network, and an S beam forming network, where S is greater than or equal to 1. Integer
  • the i-th antenna sub-array in the M-group antenna sub-array includes N i sub-arrays, and the i- th phase-shifted feed network in the M-group phase-shifted feed network includes N i phase-shifted feed networks, and N i sub-arrays Connected one by one with N i phase shifting feed networks, M is an integer less than or equal to S, i is an arbitrary integer from 1 to M, and N i is an integer greater than one;
  • the first port is connected to the N i phase-shifting feed networks, and the N i second ports corresponding to the i-th beam forming network are connected to the N i antenna ports one by one.
  • the antenna device of the present embodiment can flexibly switch between the multi-beam antenna state and the MM state according to service requirements. For example, in a packet service scenario, the antenna device can be used as a multi-beam antenna to save resources, and in a scenario where the user is uneven, The antenna device can be used as an MM, that is, the antenna device of the present application can be applied to various service scenarios and has high flexibility.
  • the antenna device further includes: L antenna ports, a port correction network corresponding to the L antenna ports, and a correction port;
  • L is greater than or equal to 1, and exemplified, L may be equal to the total number of sub-arrays included in the S group antenna sub-array;
  • the port correction network is used to couple the signals corresponding to the L antenna ports into the correction port.
  • the port calibration network can couple the signals of the antenna port to the correction port, and provides a corrected port for the RF system, which provides conditions for the RF system to correct the signal.
  • the calibration port is connected to the port corresponding to the calibration module in the radio frequency system, so that the calibration module corrects the signals corresponding to the L antenna ports.
  • the radio frequency system when the antenna device is in the MM state, can calibrate the signal transmitted between the radio frequency system and the antenna port according to the signal coupled to the correction port, thereby enabling the antenna device to transmit or receive a more accurate signal.
  • the calibration port is connected to the port corresponding to the calibration module in the radio frequency system, so that the calibration module corrects the signals corresponding to the L antenna ports.
  • the radio frequency system when the antenna device is in the MM state, can calibrate the signal transmitted between the radio frequency system and the antenna port according to the signal coupled to the correction port, thereby enabling the antenna device to transmit or receive a more accurate signal.
  • phase shift N i and N i feed network circuit first switches corresponding to the N i th first port connected to eleven, N i N i-th first switches corresponding to the circuit two drive port n i N i multibeam feed network N i corresponding to the first ports connected to eleven, n i N i multi-beam displacement feed network corresponding to the second port n i where n i and second The n i first ports corresponding to the switch circuit are connected one by one, and the n i second ports corresponding to the n i second switch circuits are connected one by one with the n i antenna ports, and the n i drive N i multi-beam feed network And forming n i beams corresponding to the N i sub-arrays; optionally, the n i beams may be orthogonal beams.
  • the N i second ports corresponding to the switch circuit are connected to the N i first ports corresponding to the N i drive N i through feed network, and the N i drive N i direct feed network corresponds to N i the second port and second switch circuits N i N i corresponding to the first ports connected to eleven, N i second switching circuits corresponding to N i N i second port connected to antenna ports eleven, N i
  • the antenna ports are connected to the port correction network, and the N i- drive N i- through feed network is used to form N i beams corresponding to the N i sub-arrays.
  • the N i beams may be straight-through beams.
  • the beam forming network can be switched to different networks through switches, thereby realizing state switching of the antenna device, and the switching cost is low and the flexibility is strong.
  • the N i drive N i through feed network bypasses the n i drive N i multi-beam feed network.
  • the multi-beam feed network in the present embodiment is bypassed in the through feed network, and has a simple design and low cost.
  • S is greater than or equal to 2;
  • the j-th antenna sub-array in the S group antenna network includes N j sub-arrays
  • the j-th phase-shifting feed network network comprises N j phase-shifted feed network networks, and the N j sub-arrays are connected to the N j phase-shift feed network networks one by one, and N j is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
  • the i-th phase-shifting feed network is configured to control the attitude angle of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array, and the attitude angle of the corresponding beam of each sub-array in the i-th antenna sub-array is within a first preset range;
  • the j-th phase shifting feed network is configured to control a posture angle of a corresponding beam of the j-th antenna sub-array, and an attitude angle of a corresponding beam of each sub-array in the j-th antenna sub-array is at a second preset Within the scope;
  • the attitude angle is an azimuth or elevation angle.
  • the attitude angle of the beam corresponding to the antenna sub-array of the same group is within a preset range, the energy is more concentrated, and the antenna device can transmit and receive signals better.
  • the average value of the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of the N i subarrays in the i- th antenna sub-array The average of the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of the N j sub-arrays in the j- th antenna sub-array, d i is the average wavelength of the n i orthogonal beams corresponding to the i-th antenna sub-array, and d j is the j-th antenna The average wavelength of the beam corresponding to the subarray.
  • the difference between the attitude angles of the two sets of antenna sub-arrays is greater than the average wavelength of the beams corresponding to the two sets of antenna sub-arrays, so that the antenna device can be in a stereo multi-beam state, and two sets of antenna sub-arrays can be avoided.
  • Mutual interference between corresponding beams is greater than the average wavelength of the beams corresponding to the two sets of antenna sub-arrays, so that the antenna device can be in a stereo multi-beam state, and two sets of antenna sub-arrays can be avoided.
  • the attitude angles corresponding to the two sets of antenna sub-arrays are equal, so that the beams corresponding to the two antenna sub-arrays can be combined in a same direction to form a larger array, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a beam state switching method, where the method is applied to an antenna device, where the antenna device includes: an S group antenna sub-array, a S group phase shift feeding network, and S beam forming networks, where S is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the i-th antenna sub-array in the M-group antenna sub-array includes N i sub-arrays, and the i- th phase-shifted feed network in the M-group phase-shifted feed network includes N i phase-shifted feed networks, and N i sub-arrays Connected one by one with N i phase shifting feed networks, M is an integer less than or equal to S, i is an arbitrary integer from 1 to M, and N i is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
  • N when the antenna apparatus is in a second state, M beam forming networks in the i-th beam forming network for forming a subarray N i N i beams corresponding to the i-th beam forming network port corresponding to the i th first Connected to the N i phase-shifting feed networks one by one, and the N i second ports corresponding to the i-th beam forming network are connected to the N i antenna ports one by one;
  • the method includes: the control device receives the switching instruction, switches the antenna device from the first state to the second state according to the switching instruction, or switches the antenna device from the second state to the first state, where the first state is a multi-beam antenna state,
  • the second state is the large-scale array antenna MM state.
  • the antenna device further includes: L antenna ports, a port correction network corresponding to the L antenna ports, and a correction port;
  • L is greater than or equal to 1, and exemplified, L may be equal to the total number of sub-arrays included in the S group antenna sub-array;
  • the port correction network is used to couple the signals corresponding to the L antenna ports into the correction port.
  • the calibration port is connected to the port corresponding to the calibration module in the radio frequency system, so that the calibration module corrects the signals corresponding to the L antenna ports;
  • the calibration port is connected to the port corresponding to the calibration module in the radio frequency system, so that the calibration module corrects the signals corresponding to the L antenna ports.
  • the i th beam forming network includes: n i driving N i a multi-beam feed network, a N i drive N i through feed network, N i first switch circuits and N i second switch circuits;
  • N i th feed network with a phase shift of first switching circuit N i N i corresponding to the first ports connected to eleven;
  • the control device can switch the antenna device from the second state to the first state by:
  • the control means controls the switching instruction N i th first switching circuit and the second N n i i-th switching circuits the second switch circuit, so that a first switch circuit N i N i corresponding to the second port n i N i of the multi-beam displacement feed network corresponding to the N i th first eleven ports connected to a second switching circuit n i n i corresponding to the first ports of the plurality n i N i flooding n i th second beam ports corresponding to eleven feed network connection, said second switching circuit n i n i corresponding to the eleven second port connected to the n i th antenna ports;
  • the control device can switch the antenna device from the first state to the second state by:
  • the control device controls the N i first switch circuits and the N i second switch circuits according to the switching instruction, so that the N i second ports corresponding to the N i first switch circuits correspond to the N i drive N i through feed network N i eleven connect first ports, second switching circuit N i N i corresponding to the first ports and N i N i driven through the feed network N i corresponding to the second connection port eleven, N i th
  • the N i second ports corresponding to the second switch circuit are connected to the N i antenna ports one by one, and the N i antenna ports are connected to the port correction network.
  • control device can switch the state of the antenna device through the switch, and the operation is simple and convenient.
  • any one of the first to third implementation manners of the second aspect, in the fourth implementation manner of the second aspect of the present application, S is greater than or equal to 2;
  • the j-th antenna sub-array in the S-group antenna network includes N j sub-arrays, and the j-th phase-shifted feed network network includes N j phase-shifted feed network networks, N j sub-arrays and N j phase-shifted feeds
  • the network network is connected one by one, and N j is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
  • the process of the control device switching the antenna device from the first state to the second state may include:
  • the control device controls the N i phase shift feed networks in the i- th phase shift feed network and the N j phase shift feed networks in the j- th phase shift feed network, such that each of the i-th antenna sub-arrays
  • the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of the sub-arrays are all within a first preset range, and the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of each sub-array of the j-th antenna sub-array are within a second preset range, and The average value of the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of the N i subarrays in the i- th antenna sub-array, The average of the attitude angles of the beams corresponding to the N j sub-arrays in the j- th antenna sub-array.
  • the attitude angle of the corresponding beam of the antenna sub-array may be controlled by the phase-shifting feed network network, so that the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of the two sub-arrays Equal, so that the beams corresponding to the two sets of antenna sub-arrays can be combined in the same direction to form a larger array, improving the performance of the antenna device.
  • the first state is a stereo multi-beam antenna state , S is greater than or equal to 2;
  • the j-th antenna sub-array in the S-group antenna network includes N j sub-arrays, and the j-th phase-shifted feed network network includes N j phase-shifted feed network networks, N j sub-arrays and N j phase-shifted feeds
  • the network network is connected one by one, and N j is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
  • the process of the control device switching the corresponding beam state of the antenna device from the second state to the first state may include:
  • the control device controls the N i phase shift feed networks in the i- th phase shift feed network and the N j phase shift feed networks in the j- th phase shift feed network, such that each of the i-th antenna sub-arrays
  • the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of the sub-arrays are all within a first preset range, and the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of each sub-array of the j-th antenna sub-array are within a second preset range, and The average value of the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of the N i subarrays in the i- th antenna sub-array,
  • the average of the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of the N j sub-arrays in the j- th antenna sub-array, d i is the average wavelength of the n i orthogonal beams corresponding to the i-th antenna sub-array, and d j is the j-th antenna
  • control device may control the attitude angle of the corresponding beam of the antenna sub-array through the phase-shifting feed network network, so that the attitude angle difference corresponding to the two sets of antenna sub-arrays is greater than the average wave of the beam corresponding to the two sets of antenna sub-arrays.
  • the width is such that the antenna device can be in a stereo multi-beam state, and mutual interference between beams corresponding to the two antenna sub-arrays can be avoided.
  • a third aspect of the present application provides a communication system comprising the antenna device of any of the first to eighth implementations of the first aspect, the first aspect.
  • the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:
  • the antenna device in the embodiment of the present application includes a group S antenna sub-array, an S group phase shift feeding network and S beam forming networks, L antenna ports, and a port correction network corresponding to L antenna ports, wherein each group of antennas
  • the number of subarrays included in the subarray may be the same or different.
  • at least one set of antenna subarrays may be processed by its corresponding beamforming network to obtain n i beams, where n i is smaller than the set of antennas.
  • the antenna apparatus can be synthesized into a shaped beam having a specific shape, i.e., the antenna device may be used as a multi-beam antenna; and when the antenna apparatus is in a second state, the group of sub-array antenna N i beams corresponding to the number of sub-arrays included in the set of antenna sub-arrays may be formed by their corresponding beam processing networks, that is, the antenna device can increase the number of radio frequency channels, and the antenna device can be integrated with the radio frequency unit as an active antenna
  • the processing unit performs joint reception demodulation or transmission processing on the signal, that is, the antenna device can be used as a large-scale array antenna.
  • the antenna device of the embodiment of the present invention can flexibly switch between the multi-beam antenna state and the MM state according to service requirements.
  • the antenna device in a packet service scenario, can be used as a multi-beam antenna to save resources and be uneven in the user.
  • the antenna device can be used as an MM, that is, the antenna device of the present application can be applied to multiple service scenarios, and the flexibility is strong.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a base station system in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 2B is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a port correction network in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a beam formed by an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a beam formed by an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna device and a beam state switching method, which can be applied to different service scenarios and enhance flexibility.
  • GSM global system of mobile communication
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • WCDMA Wideband code division multiple access
  • GPRS general packet radio service
  • LTE long term evolution
  • FDD LTE frequency division duplex
  • TDD LTE time division duplex
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunication system
  • WiMAX worldwide interoperability for microwave access
  • 5G fifth generation mobile communication technology
  • the antenna device and the beam switching method in the present application may be applied to a base station system.
  • the base station may be a base station in GSM or CDMA (English full name: Base Transceiver Station, English abbreviation: BTS) It can also be a base station (NodeB) in WCDMA, or an evolved base station in LTE (English full name: evolved Node B, English abbreviation: eNB or e-NodeB) or a base station in 5G and subsequent evolved communication systems.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are not limited.
  • the following is a description of the base station system to which the antenna device and the beam switching method are applied in the present application.
  • the base station system 100 includes a baseband unit (BBU) 101 and a radio remote unit (RRU). And an antenna device 103, wherein the RRU is connected to the antenna device, and the BBU is connected to the RRU.
  • BBU baseband unit
  • RRU radio remote unit
  • the first port in the present application is opposite to the second port.
  • the first port may be an input port or an output port.
  • the second port is an output port
  • the first port is an output port.
  • the second port is an input port.
  • an embodiment of an antenna device in the embodiment of the present application includes: an S group antenna sub-array, an S group phase shift feeding network, and S beam forming networks.
  • S is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
  • a group of antenna sub-arrays corresponds to a group of phase-shifted feed network networks and a beam forming network
  • the composition of each group of antenna sub-arrays may be the same or different
  • the composition of each group of phase-shifting feed networks may be the same or
  • the composition of each of the beamforming networks may be the same or different, and is not limited in this application.
  • M beamforming networks in the S beamforming networks. When the antenna devices are in different states, the formed beams are different.
  • the M beamforming networks are below, and the M group antennas corresponding to the M beamforming networks are Array and M group phase shift feed network for introduction:
  • the i-th antenna sub-array 201 of the M antenna sub-arrays includes N i sub-arrays 2011, and the i- th phase-shifted feed network 202 in the M-group phase-shifted feed network includes N i phase-shifted feed networks 2021, and The N i sub-arrays 2011 in the i- th antenna sub-array are connected one by one to the N i phase-shifted feed networks 2021 in the i- th phase-shifted feed network, and N i is an integer greater than one.
  • the i-th beamforming network 203 in the M beamforming networks is configured to form n i beams corresponding to the N i sub-arrays 2011 in the i- th antenna sub-array 201, specifically,
  • the N i input ports corresponding to the i beam forming networks 203 are connected to the N i phase shift feeding networks 2021 in the i th phase shift feeding network 202, and the n i corresponding to the i th beam forming network 203
  • the output port is connected to n i antenna ports one by one, and n i is an integer less than or equal to N i .
  • the i-th beamforming network 203 in the M beamforming networks is used to form the N i beams corresponding to the N i sub-arrays 2011 in the i- th antenna sub-array 201, specifically, the i-th beam forming network 203 corresponding to the input ports and N i i-th phase shift network 202 in the feeding phase shift N i 2021 eleven feed network connection, the i-th beam forming network 203 corresponding to the N i th
  • the output port is connected to the N i antenna ports one by one.
  • FIG. 2A only shows a connection diagram of a set of antenna sub-arrays, a set of phase-shifted feed networks, and a beamforming network, wherein the number of arrays included in each antenna sub-array, the number of phase-shifted feed networks
  • the placement and connection relationship of the physical devices and the like are only examples, and do not constitute a limitation of the present application.
  • M is an integer greater than 0 and less than S, that is, the antenna device includes at least one set of antenna sub-arrays, at least one set of phase-shifted feed networks and at least one beamforming network have the features described above;
  • i is a sequence number, which is an arbitrary integer from 1 to M. The sequence number is only for distinguishing different groups of antenna sub-arrays, different groups of phase-shifted feed network networks or different beamforming networks.
  • the spatial positional relationship of each group of antenna sub-arrays in the antenna device is not limited.
  • the first group antenna sub-array and the second group antenna sub-array in the M group antenna sub-array are not necessarily adjacent in spatial position. 2 sets of antenna subarrays.
  • the groups of the S sub-array sub-arrays may be horizontally placed or vertically disposed, which is not limited in this application.
  • the N i sub-arrays included may be horizontally placed or vertically placed, which is not limited in this application, when the N i sub-array levels are When deployed, the beam formed by the beamforming network is a beam in the horizontal direction.
  • the beam formed by the beam forming network is a beam in the vertical direction.
  • the antenna sub-array is used to transmit or receive a signal; the beam forming network is used to form a beam corresponding to each group of antenna sub-arrays, and the beam forming network may be used when the antenna device is in the first state.
  • the N i beams generated by each group of antenna sub-arrays are aggregated to form n i orthogonal beams.
  • the beam forming network can directly connect each group of phase-shifting feed networks to the antenna ports.
  • the beams corresponding to the N i sub-arrays are not processed, that is, N i straight-through beams corresponding to the antenna sub-arrays are formed.
  • the antenna device may further include: L antenna ports, a port correction network corresponding to the L antenna ports, and a correction port.
  • the number of antenna ports is equal to the sum of the number of antenna sub-arrays included in each sub-array of the S group antenna sub-array, that is, L is equal to the total number of sub-arrays included in the S-group antenna sub-array, when the antenna device is in the second state.
  • the L antenna ports are all valid ports.
  • the number of effective ports is less than L. It should be understood that the effective port refers to a port capable of forming a path for transmitting signals.
  • the port correction network is used to couple the signals corresponding to the L antenna ports into the correction port.
  • the correction port may be connected to a port corresponding to the correction module in the radio frequency system, so that the correction module can correct the signal corresponding to the L antenna ports of the antenna device, as shown in FIG. 2B.
  • the calibration port When the antenna device is in the first state, the calibration port may be connected to the port corresponding to the calibration module in the radio frequency system, or may not be connected to the port corresponding to the calibration module of the radio frequency system, and is in a vacant state, which is not limited in this application.
  • the antenna port is an external port of the antenna device for connecting the radio frequency module;
  • the port calibration network is also called a coupled calibration network, and the coupling calibration network is used for coupling the signal corresponding to the external port of the antenna device to the calibration port.
  • the correction port can be connected to the port of the correction module, so that the correction module can calibrate the signal transmitted between the RF module and the antenna port according to the signal coupled to the correction port, thereby implementing a large-scale antenna array.
  • the signal is subjected to joint reception demodulation or transmission processing.
  • the control device may switch the antenna device from the first state to the second according to the switching instruction.
  • the state, or switching the antenna device from the second state to the first state is described by the above description as the first state refers to the multi-beam antenna state, and the second state refers to the large-scale antenna array state.
  • the antenna device of the embodiment of the present invention can flexibly switch between the multi-beam antenna state and the MM state according to service requirements. For example, in a packet service scenario, the antenna device can be used as a multi-beam antenna to save resources in a user uneven environment.
  • the antenna device can be used as an MM, that is, the antenna device of the present application can be applied to various service scenarios with high flexibility.
  • the beam forming network may have various components. The following is a detailed description of one of the following embodiments.
  • another embodiment of the antenna device in the embodiment of the present application includes: an S group antenna. Subarray, S group phase shift feed network and S beam forming networks.
  • a group of antenna sub-arrays corresponds to a group of phase-shifted feed network networks and a beam forming network
  • the composition of each group of antenna sub-arrays may be the same or different
  • the composition of each group of phase-shifting feed networks may be the same or
  • the composition of each of the beamforming networks may be the same or different, and is not limited in this application.
  • M beamforming networks in the S beamforming networks. When the antenna devices are in different states, the formed beams are different.
  • the M beamforming networks are below, and the M group antennas corresponding to the M beamforming networks are Array and M group phase shift feed network for introduction:
  • the i-th antenna sub-array 301 in the M-group antenna sub-array includes N i sub-arrays 3011, and the i-th phase-shifted feed network 302 in the M-group phase-shifted feed network includes N i phase-shifted feed networks.
  • M beamforming networks, i-th beamforming network 303 includes n i- driven N i multi-beam feed network 3031, N i drive N i through-feed network 3032, N i first switch circuits 3033 and N i The second switch circuit 3034.
  • N i th first switching circuit 3033 corresponds the output port of the N i N i N i through the feed drive 3032 N i corresponding to eleven connect to the network input ports, N i N i driven through the feed network 3032 corresponding to the output ports and N i where N i th
  • the N i input ports corresponding to the second switch circuit 3034 are connected one by one
  • the N i output ports corresponding to the N i second switch circuits 3034 are connected to the N i antenna ports 304 one by one, and the N i antenna ports 304 and ports
  • the antenna device in this embodiment may further include: L antenna ports 304, a port correction network 305 corresponding to the L antenna ports, and a correction port 306.
  • the number of antenna ports is equal to the sum of the number of antenna sub-arrays included in each sub-array of the S group antenna sub-array, that is, L is equal to the total number of sub-arrays included in the S-group antenna sub-array, when the antenna device is in the second state.
  • the L antenna ports are all valid ports.
  • the number of effective ports is less than L. It should be understood that the effective port refers to a port capable of forming a path for transmitting signals.
  • the port correction network 305 is configured to couple the signals corresponding to the L antenna ports to the correction port 306.
  • the correction port is connected to the port corresponding to the correction module in the radio frequency system, so that the correction module can be used for the antenna device.
  • the signals corresponding to the L antenna ports are corrected.
  • the calibration port may be connected to the port corresponding to the calibration module in the radio frequency system, or may not be connected to the port corresponding to the calibration module of the radio frequency system, and is vacant. Status, this application is not limited.
  • the N i first switch circuits 3033 in the i-th beamforming network 303 are used to select the i-th phase-shifted feed network 302 to be connected to the N i- drive N i- through feed network 3032. , is connected to the n i N i multi-beam displacement feed network 3031.
  • the second switch circuit 3034 is configured to select whether the N i drive N i feedthrough network 3032 is connected to the N i antenna port 3034 or the n i drive N i multibeam feed network 3031 to the n i antenna ports 3034.
  • n i N i multi-beam displacement feed network 3031 may receive a signal obtained by processing the road N i n i channel reception signal, which signal is received by channel n i n i th transmission antenna ports 3034 to the RF module, or transmitting signals of n i N i obtained by processing the transmit signal path and the transmit path N i which transmit signals to a user via N i subarrays.
  • the n i- driven N i multi-beam feed network may be a Butler matrix feed network, which may be a Rotman lens feed network, or may be another feed network, which is not limited in the present application.
  • N i N i driven through feed network 3032 may be phase-shifted N i th feed network 3021 with one N i through antenna ports, i.e. N i right subarray receiving 3031 or The transmitted signal is processed, and the signals received by the N i sub-arrays 3031 are directly transmitted to the radio frequency system through the N i antenna ports 3034.
  • the N i- drive N i straight-through feed network 3032 may be a through-feed network 3032 bypassing the n i- driven N i multi-beam feed network 3031, and is composed of one or more feeders, and N i drives N i
  • the feed-through network 3032 may also be another feed network, which is not limited in this application.
  • FIG. 3 only shows a connection diagram of a set of antenna sub-arrays, a set of phase-shifted feed networks and a beam forming network, wherein the number of arrays included in each sub-array, the number of phase-shifted feed networks, and the antenna
  • the number of ports, the placement and connection relationship of each physical device, and the like are only examples, and do not constitute a limitation of the present application.
  • the i-th beamforming network may also be based on the n i- driven N i multi-beam feed network to obtain a target network, and the transformation is performed.
  • the obtained target network can be switched from the n i- driven N i multi-beam feed network to the N i- driven N i straight-through feed network, or can be switched from the N i- drive N i straight-through feed network to the n i- drive N i multi-beam feed.
  • Electric network can be switched from the n i- driven N i multi-beam feed network to the N i- driven N i straight-through feed network.
  • the antenna device in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 3 above may be controlled by the control device, and after receiving the switching instruction, the control device may switch the antenna device from the first state to the second according to the switching instruction.
  • the state, or the antenna device is switched from the second state to the first state.
  • the first state refers to a multi-beam antenna state
  • the second state refers to a large-scale antenna array state.
  • the control means controls the antenna switching means from a first state to a second state may include: control the i-th beam forming network 303 in the first switch circuit 3033 N i and N i second switching circuits 3034, such that the i-th phase-shifting feed network 302 is connected to the N i- drive N i- through feed network 3032, and the N i- drive N i- through feed network 3032 is connected to the N i antenna port 3034
  • the specific connection relationship is as described in the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 3 above.
  • the process of controlling the control device to switch the antenna device from the second state to the first state may include: controlling the N i first switch circuit 3033 and the N i second switch circuits 3034 in the i th beam forming network 303 such that the i th group phase shifter 302 and the feeding drive n i N i multibeam feed network 3031 connected to the network, and n i N i multi-beam displacement feed network 3031 connected to the antenna port 3034 n i, specific connection relationship as described in FIG. 3 Corresponding to the description of the embodiment.
  • control means may comprise a first control means and second control means
  • the i-th beam forming network N i-th switching circuit may be a first linkage control by the first control means, i.e., for which N i first switching circuits, when one of the first switching circuits is selected to be connected to the N i driving N i through feed network, the other first switching circuits are also connected to the N i driving N i through feed network, when there is one the first switching circuit selects n i N i multibeam driving the feed network is connected, the other is connected to the first switch circuit also driving n i N i multibeam feed network.
  • the n i second switch circuits in the i-th beam forming network may be controlled by the first control device, that is, for the n i second switch circuits, when there is a second switch circuit, the N i drive N i is directly connected When the feed network and the antenna port are connected, the other second switch circuit is also connected to the N i drive N i through feed network and the antenna port, when there is a second switch circuit selection and n i drive N i multi beam feed When the electrical network is connected, the other second switch circuit also selects to connect with the n i- drive N i multi-beam feed network and the antenna port.
  • the i-th beamforming N i th second switch circuit network in addition to the second switch circuit n i n i is connected to the drive N i multibeam feed network
  • One end of the other N i -n i second switching circuits can continue to connect to the N i- drive N i straight-through feed network or disconnect the N i- drive N i straight-through feed network, and this N i -n
  • the other end of the i second switch circuits can continue to connect the antenna port or disconnect the antenna port.
  • first switch circuits in the embodiments of the present application may be the same or different, and may be a digital control radio frequency selection switch, a mechanical brake radio frequency selection switch, or other types of switches.
  • the second switch circuit may be the same or different, and may be a digitally controlled radio frequency selection switch, a mechanical brake radio frequency selection switch, or other types of switches, or other types of switches. The details are not limited herein.
  • the antenna device includes multiple sets of antenna sub-arrays, multiple sets of feed networks, and multiple beamforming networks, that is, S is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the j-th antenna sub-array 401 in the S-group antenna sub-array includes N j sub-arrays 4011, and the j-th phase-shifted feed network 4021 includes N j phase-shifted feed networks, N j sub-arrays 4011 and N j shifts
  • the phase feed network 4021 is connected one by one, and N j is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the j-th beamforming network 403 corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array 401 and the j-th phase-shifting feed network 402 may be as described in the j-th beam forming network described above, including n j- driven N j multi-beam feed
  • N j th first switching circuit 4033 corresponding to the input ports and N j N j phase shift corresponding feed network 4021 N j output ports connected to eleven, N j-th a switch 4033 N j corresponding output port connected to the circuit 11
  • n j N j drive multibeam 4031 corresponding to the feed input port networks N j
  • n j N j drive multibeam feed network 4031 corresponding to the number n j
  • the n j antenna ports 304 other than the ports are connected one by one, and the n j drive N j multi-beam feed network 4031 is used to form n j orthogonal beams corresponding to the N j sub-arrays.
  • N j th first switching circuit 4033 corresponding to the input ports and N j N j phase shift corresponding feed network 4021 N j and output ports connected to eleven, N j-th a switching circuit 4033 corresponding to the output ports and N j N j N j drive through the corresponding feed network 4032 N j input ports connected to eleven, N j N j drive through the corresponding feed network 4032 N j output ports wherein N j and second switching circuits 4034 corresponding N j input ports connected to eleven, N j th second switching circuit 4034 corresponding N j output ports and L antenna ports in addition to the N i th day ports N j of the antenna port 304 connected to eleven, N j N j drive through the feed network 4032 for forming a subarray corresponding N j N j th thru-beam.
  • the j-th beam forming network 403 corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array 401 and the j-th phase-shifting feed network 402 may also include a N j- drive N j straight-through feed network 4035, and the N j- driven N j straight-through feed network 4035 corresponding N j N j input ports with phase shift corresponding feed network 4021 N j output ports connected to eleven, N j N j drive through 4035 corresponding to the feed network input ports and N j N j
  • the antenna ports are connected one by one.
  • the control device may control the attitude angle of the beam corresponding to the i-th antenna sub-array through the i-th phase-shifting feed network, and may be controlled by the j-th phase-shifting feed network, the j-th antenna The attitude angle of the beam corresponding to the sub-array, so that the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of each sub-array in the i-th antenna sub-array are within a first preset range, and the attitude angles of the corresponding beams of each sub-array in the j-th antenna sub-array are Within the second preset range.
  • the attitude angle of the beam may be an azimuth or a pitch angle
  • the phase-shifting feed network is used to control whether the azimuth or the elevation angle of the beam is related to the placement position and the connection relationship of the sub-array, and each group
  • the relationship between the attitude angles of the antenna sub-arrays corresponding to the beam will be different for the final beam state of the antenna device. The following describes some of the situations:
  • the N i sub-arrays included in the i- th antenna sub-array are horizontally deployed, and the N i phase-shifted feed networks in the i- th phase-shifted feed network are respectively associated with the N i horizontally-distributed sub- array, and controls the pitch angle which corresponds to N i subarray beam, such that N i is equal to the corresponding sub-array beam pitch angle.
  • the N j sub-arrays included in the j- th antenna sub-array are also horizontally placed, and the N j phase-shifted feed networks in the j- th phase-shifting feed network are respectively connected to the N j horizontally-distributed sub-arrays, and are controlled.
  • the N j sub-arrays correspond to the pitch angles of the beams such that the pitch angles of the corresponding beams of the N j sub-arrays are equal.
  • the i-th phase-shifting feed network controls the pitch angle of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array
  • the j-th phase-shifted feed network controls the pitch angle of the corresponding beam of the j-th antenna sub-array Therefore, the pitch angle of the beam corresponding to the i-th antenna sub-array is not equal to the pitch angle of the beam corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array, so that the antenna device can form multiple beams in both the horizontal dimension and the vertical dimension, that is, a stereo multi-beam can be formed. ,As shown in Figure 6.
  • the antenna apparatus When the antenna apparatus is in a first state, form the beam orthogonal horizontal n i i-th group antenna sub-array subarray corresponding N i, j will form a first set of antenna subarrays subarrays corresponding N j N j a straight-through beam or n j horizontal orthogonal beams, in order to avoid interference between the beams corresponding to the i-th antenna sub-array and the two sets of beams corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array, as an alternative, i
  • the group phase shift feed network and the jth group phase shift feed network may also make the difference between the pitch angle of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array and the pitch angle of the beam corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array larger than the two sets of antennas.
  • the average of the vertical wave widths corresponding to the subarray The average of the vertical wave widths corresponding to the subarray.
  • the i-th phase-shifting feed network controls the pitch angle of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array
  • the j-th phase-shifted feed network controls the pitch angle of the corresponding beam of the j-th antenna sub-array
  • the pitch angle of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array is equal to the pitch angle of the beam corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array, so that the i-th antenna sub-array and the j-th antenna sub-array can be combined to form a large-scale array antenna.
  • a corresponding beam is formed.
  • the pitch angle of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array may specifically be the elevation angle of the corresponding beam of each sub-array in the i-th antenna sub-array.
  • average of The pitch angle of the corresponding beam of the j-th antenna sub-array may be an average of the pitch angles of the corresponding beams of the sub-arrays in the j-th antenna sub-array.
  • the i-th phase shifting feed network and the j-th phase shifting feed network can make Further, in order to avoid interference between beams, it may be made d i is the average vertical wave width of n j horizontal orthogonal beams corresponding to the i-th antenna sub-array, and d j is the average vertical wave width of the beam corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array.
  • the i-th phase shifting feed network and the j-th phase shifting feed network can make
  • the vertical wave width of the beam refers to the angle between the two directions in which the radiation power drops by 3 dB in the vertical direction on both sides of the maximum radiation direction.
  • the N i sub-arrays included in the i- th antenna sub-array are vertically placed, and the n i phase-shifted feed networks in the i- th phase-shifted feed network are respectively placed with the N i vertical sub-distributions array connection, N i control the azimuth beam corresponding to sub-array, such that this sub-array corresponding to N i is equal to the azimuth beam.
  • the N j sub-arrays included in the j- th antenna sub-array are also vertically deployed, and the N j phase-shifted feed networks in the j- th phase-shifted feed network are respectively connected with the N j vertical-distributed sub-arrays, and are controlled.
  • the N j sub-arrays correspond to the azimuths of the beams such that the azimuths of the corresponding beams of the N j sub-arrays are equal.
  • the i-th phase-shifting feed network controls the azimuth of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array
  • the j-th phase-shifted feed network controls the azimuth of the corresponding beam of the j-th antenna sub-array Therefore, the azimuth angle of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array is not equal to the azimuth angle of the corresponding beam of the j-th antenna sub-array, so that the antenna device can form multiple beams in both the horizontal dimension and the vertical dimension, that is, a stereo multi-beam can be formed. , as shown in Figure 7.
  • the beam When the antenna apparatus is in a first state, the beam will form n i i-th orthogonal vertical antenna sub-array group of subarrays corresponding to N i, j will form a first set of antenna subarrays subarrays corresponding N j N j
  • the i-th beam or n j vertical orthogonal beams in order to avoid interference between the beams corresponding to the i-th antenna sub-array and the two sets of beams corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array,
  • the group phase shift feed network and the jth group phase shift feed network may further make the difference between the direction angle corresponding to the i-th antenna sub-array and the direction angle corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array larger than the two sets of antenna sub-arrays The average of the corresponding horizontal wave widths.
  • the i-th phase-shifting feed network controls the azimuth of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array
  • the j-th phase-shifted feed network controls the azimuth of the corresponding beam of the j-th antenna sub-array
  • the azimuth angle of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array is equal to the azimuth angle of the corresponding beam of the j-th antenna sub-array, so that the i-th antenna sub-array and the j-th antenna sub-array can be combined to form a large-scale antenna array.
  • a corresponding beam is formed.
  • the azimuth of the corresponding beam of the i-th antenna sub-array may specifically be the azimuth of the corresponding beam of each sub-array in the i-th antenna sub-array.
  • average of The azimuth of the corresponding beam of the j-th antenna sub-array may be an average of the azimuths of the corresponding beams of the sub-arrays in the j-th antenna sub-array.
  • the i-th phase shifting feed network and the j-th phase shifting feed network can make Further, in order to avoid interference between beams, it may be made d i is the average horizontal wave width of n j vertical orthogonal beams corresponding to the i-th antenna sub-array, and d j is the average horizontal wave width of the beam corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array.
  • the i-th phase shifting feed network and the j-th phase shifting feed network can make
  • the horizontal wave width of the beam refers to the angle between the two directions in which the radiation power drops by 3 dB in the horizontal direction on both sides of the maximum radiation direction.
  • control device in the present application may switch the antenna device from the stereo multi-beam antenna state to the large-scale array antenna state, and the process may specifically include: controlling the i-th antenna sub-array corresponding by the i-th phase-shifting feed network The attitude angle of the beam, by the j-th phase shifting feed network, controlling the attitude angle of the beam corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array, so that
  • the control device in the present application may also switch the antenna device from the state of the large-scale array antenna to the stereo multi-beam antenna state, and the process may specifically include: controlling, by the i-th group of phase-shifting feed networks, the beam corresponding to the ith group of antenna sub-arrays The attitude angle of the beam corresponding to the beam corresponding to the j-th antenna sub-array through the j-th phase phase-shifting feed network, so that
  • the antenna device of the embodiment of the present invention can flexibly switch between the multi-beam antenna state and the MM state according to service requirements. For example, in a packet service scenario, the antenna device can be used as a multi-beam antenna to save resources in a user uneven environment.
  • the antenna device can be used as an MM, that is, the antenna device of the present application can be applied to various service scenarios with high flexibility.
  • the beam forming network 303 in the embodiment of the present application includes a n i- driven N i multi-beam feeding network 3031, a N i driving N i through-feed network 3032, N i first switching circuits 3033 and N i second
  • the switch circuit 3034 realizes switching of the beam state by using the first open circuit and the second open circuit, which is simple in implementation and low in cost.
  • the antenna device when S is greater than or equal to 2, can also be used as a stereo multi-beam antenna, that is, can switch between the stereo multi-beam antenna state and the MM state, thereby improving the flexibility of the solution.
  • the present application also provides another antenna device, which includes: N arrays, n-drive N multi-beam feed network, N first switch circuits, N-drive N through-feed network, N antenna ports, N a second switch circuit, a port correction network corresponding to the N antenna ports, and a correction port corresponding to the port correction network, where N is an integer greater than 4, n is an integer less than or equal to N, and N arrays are arranged to form A row B The rectangle of the column, A is an integer greater than 1, and B is an integer greater than 1.
  • the N arrays are connected to one end of the N first switching circuits one by one, and the other ends of the N first switching circuits are connected to the N input ports corresponding to the n-drive N multi-beam feeding network.
  • the n output ports corresponding to the n-drive N multi-beam feed network are connected to one end of the n second switch circuits one by one, and the other ends of the n second switch circuits are connected to the n antenna ports.
  • N arrays are connected to one end of the N first switching circuits one by one, and the other ends of the N first switching circuits are N input ports corresponding to the N-drive N through-feed network.
  • the N output ports corresponding to the N-drive N through-feed network are connected to one end of the N second switch circuits, and the other ends of the N second switch circuits are connected to the N antenna ports one by one.
  • the port correction network is configured to couple the signals corresponding to the N antenna ports to the correction port.
  • the correction port is connected to the port corresponding to the correction module in the radio frequency system, so that the correction module can be coupled to the correction port according to the The signal calibrates the signal corresponding to the N antenna ports.
  • the correction port is connected to the port corresponding to the correction module in the radio frequency system, so that the correction module can pair the N antenna ports according to the signal coupled to the correction port.
  • the corresponding signal is calibrated.
  • the N-drive N through-feed network bypasses the n-drive N multi-beam feed network.
  • the antenna device of the embodiment of the present invention can flexibly switch between the stereo multi-beam antenna state and the MM state according to service requirements.
  • the antenna device in a packet service scenario, can be used as a stereo multi-beam antenna, saving resources and being uneven in the user.
  • the antenna device can be used as an MM, that is, the antenna device of the present application can be applied to multiple service scenarios, and the flexibility is strong.
  • the present application also provides a communication system including the antenna device in any of the embodiments corresponding to FIG. 2A, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be from a website site, computer, server or data center Transfer to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wire (eg, coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • wire eg, coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer readable storage medium can be any available media that can be stored by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, or the like that includes one or more available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (such as a solid state disk (SSD)).
  • the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, such as multiple devices may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • each functional component in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each component may exist physically separately, or two or more components may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
  • the integrated processing unit if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence or the contribution to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium. A number of instructions are included to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application.
  • a computer device which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read only memory (English full name: Read-Only Memory, English abbreviation: ROM), a random access memory (English full name: Random Access Memory, English abbreviation: RAM), magnetic A variety of media that can store program code, such as a disc or a disc.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种天线装置，能够根据业务场景进行状态切换，适用于多种业务场景。所述天线装置包括：S组天线子阵，S组移相馈电网络以及S个波束形成网络；第i组天线子阵包括N i个子阵2011，第i组移相馈电网络包括N i个移相馈电网络2021，N i个子阵与N i个移相馈电网络一一连接；第一状态时，第i个波束形成网络203用于形成N i个子阵对应的n i个波束，该波束形成网络对应的N i个第一端口与N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，该波束形成网络对应的n i个第二端口与n i个天线端口一一连接，n i小于N i；第二状态时，第i个波束形成网络用于形成N i个子阵对应的N i个波束，该波束形成网络对应的N i个第一端口与N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，该波束形成网络对应的N i个第二端口与N i个天线端口一一连接。

Description

一种天线装置及波束状态切换方法
本申请要求于2017年12月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为201711448886.6、申请名称为“一种天线装置及波束状态切换方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线装置及波束状态切换方法。
背景技术
智能天线也叫自适应阵列天线，它由天线阵、波束形成网络、波束形成算法三部分组成。它通过满足某种准则的算法去调节各阵元信号的加权幅度和相位，从而调节天线阵列的方向图形状，以达到增强所需信号抑制干扰信号的目的。智能天线技术适宜于时分双工(Time Division Duplexing，TDD)方式的CDMA系统，能够在较大程度上抑制多用户干扰、提高系统容量。
现有技术中，面向TDD智能天线扩容场景，一般使用立体多波束天线技术或大规模阵列天线(Massive MIMO，MM)技术。立体多波束天线技术就是将无线蜂窝系统三扇区覆盖网络的天线方向图分成多份，水平维度分几份，垂直维度分几份。而MM是多天线技术演进的一种高端形态，是4.5G网络的一项关键技术。MM站点的射频通道数和天线数显著提升，且天线与射频单元一起集成为有源天线处理单元(Active antenna Unit,AAU)。通过使用大规模天线阵列对信号进行联合接收解调或发送处理，相对于传统多天线技术，MM可以大幅提升单用户链路性能和多用户空分复用能力，从而显著增强了系统链路质量和传输速率。此外，MM系统增加了垂直维的自由度，可灵活调整水平维和垂直维的波束形状。因此，基站的三维覆盖能力显著提升。
两种技术在成本、性能、技术成熟度上各有优略，所使用的场景也有所不同，例如立体多波束适用于用户分布均匀的小包业务场景，而MM可以适用于大包业务景，但是其通道数多成本高，在小包业务性能收益低。如何如何同时兼顾两种特性，支持平滑演进，成为运营商关心的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种天线装置及波束状态切换方法，能够根据业务场景进行状态切换，适用于多种业务场景。
有鉴于此，本申请第一方面提供了一种天线装置，该天线装置包括S组天线子阵，S组移相馈电网络网络以及S各波束形成网络，其中，S为大于或等于1的整数；
M组天线子阵中的第i组天线子阵包括N i个子阵，M组移相馈电网络中的第i组移相馈电网络包括N i个移相馈电网络，N i个子阵与N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，M为小于或等于S的整数，i为1至M的任意整数，N i为大于1的整数；
当天线装置处于第一状态时，M个波束形成网络中的第i个波束形成网络用于形成N i个子阵对应的n i个波束，第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第一端口与N i个移相馈电网络一一 连接，第i个波束形成网络对应的n i个第二端口与n i个天线端口一一连接，n i为小于等于N i的整数；
当天线装置处于第二状态时，M个波束形成网络中的第i个波束形成网络用于形成所述N i个子阵对应的N i个波束，所述第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第一端口与所述N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，所述第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第二端口与N i个天线端口一一连接。
本实施方式的天线装置可以根据业务需求在多波束天线状态和MM状态之间灵活切换，如在小包业务场景下，天线装置可以作为多波束天线使用，节约资源，在用户不均匀的场景下，天线装置可以作为MM使用，也就是说本申请的天线装置可以适用于多种业务场景，灵活性强。
结合本申请第一方面，在本申请第一方面的第一种实现方式中，该天线装置还包括：L个天线端口，与所述L个天线端口对应的端口校正网络以及校正端口；
其中，L大于等于1,示例的，L可以等于S组天线子阵所包含的子阵总数；
端口校正网络用于将L个天线端口对应的信号耦合到校正端口中。
本实施方式中，端口校准网络可以将天线端口的信号都耦合到校正端口中，为射频系统提供了校正的端口，为射频系统对信号校正提供了条件。
结合本申请第一方面的第一种实现方式，在本申请第一方面的第二种实现方式中，
当天线装置处于第二状态时，校正端口与射频系统中校准模块对应的端口连接，从而使得校准模块对L个天线端口对应的信号进行校正。
本实施方式中，天线装置处于MM状态时，射频系统可以根据耦合到校正端口的信号对射频系统与天线端口之间传输的信号进行校准，从而使得天线装置能够发射或接收更准确的信号。
结合本申请第一方面的第一种实现方式，在本申请第一方面的第三种实现方式中，
当天线装置处于第一状态时，校正端口与射频系统中校准模块对应的端口连接，从而使得校准模块对L个天线端口对应的信号进行校正。
本实施方式中，天线装置处于MM状态时，射频系统可以根据耦合到校正端口的信号对射频系统与天线端口之间传输的信号进行校准，从而使得天线装置能够发射或接收更准确的信号。
结合本申请第一方面，第一方面的第一至第三种实现方式中的任意一种实现方式，在本申请第一方面的第四种实现方式中，第i个波束形成网络包括：n i驱N i多波束馈电网络，N i驱N i直通馈电网络，N i个第一开关电路以及N i个第二开关电路；
当天线装置处于第一状态时，N i个移相馈电网络与N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与n i驱N i多波束馈电网络对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，n i驱N i多波束馈电网络对应的n i个第二端口与其中n i个第二开关电路对应的n i个第一端口一一连接，n i个第二开关电路对应的n i个第二端口与n i个天线端口一一连接，n i驱N i多波束馈电网络用于形成所述N i个子阵对应的n i个波束；可选的，n i个波束可以为正交波束。
当所述天线装置处于第二状态时，所述N i个移相馈电网络与所述N i个第一开关电路对 应的N i个第一端口一一连接，所述N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与所述N i驱N i直通馈电网络对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，所述N i驱N i直通馈电网络对应的N i个第二端口与N i个第二开关电路对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，N i个第二开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与N i个天线端口一一连接，N i个天线端口与端口校正网络连接，N i驱N i直通馈电网络用于形成N i个子阵对应的N i个波束，可选的，N i个波束可以为直通波束。
本实施方式波束形成网络可以通过开关切换至不同的网络，从而实现天线装置的状态切换，开关成本低，灵活性强。
结合本申请第一方面的第四种实现方式，在本申请第一方面的第五种实现方式中，N i驱N i直通馈电网络旁路于n i驱N i多波束馈电网络。
本实施方式中的多波束馈电网络旁路于直通馈电网络，设计简单，成本低。
结合本申请第一方面的第四种实现方式，在本申请第一方面的第六种实现方式中，S大于或等于2；S组天线网络中的第j组天线子阵包括N j个子阵，第j组移相馈电网络网络包括N j个移相馈电网络网络，N j个子阵与N j个移相馈电网络网络一一连接，N j为大于或等于1的整数；
第i组移相馈电网络用于控制第i组天线子阵对应波束的姿态角，所述第i组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第一预设范围内；
所述第j组移相馈电网络用于控制所述第j组天线子阵对应波束的姿态角，所述第j组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第二预设范围内；
所述姿态角为方位角或俯仰角。
本实施方式中，同一组的天线子阵所对应的波束的姿态角在预设范围内，能量更集中，天线装置能够更好的发射和接收信号。
结合本申请第一方面的第六种实现方式，在本申请第一方面的第七种实现方式中，
当所述天线装置处于第一状态时，
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000002
为第i组天线子阵中N i个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000003
为第j组天线子阵中N j个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，d i为第i组天线子阵对应的n i个正交波束的平均波宽，d j为第j组天线子阵对应的波束的平均波宽。
本实施方式中，两组天线子阵对应的姿态角差值大于这两组天线子阵对应的波束的平均波宽，使得天线装置可以处于立体多波束状态，并且可以避免两组天线子阵所对应的波束之间的相互干扰。
结合本申请第一方面的第六种实现方式，在本申请第一方面的第八种实现方式中，
当天线装置处于第二状态时，
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000005
为第i组天线子阵中N i个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000006
为第j组天线子阵中N j个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值。
本实施方式中，天线装置处于MM状态时，两组天线子阵对应的姿态角相等，使得两组天线子阵对应的波束能够在同一方向上，联合组成更大的阵列，提升天线装置的性能。
本申请第二方面提供一种波束状态切换方法，该方法应用于天线装置，天线装置包括：S组天线子阵，S组移相馈电网络以及S个波束形成网络，S为大于或等于1的整数；
M组天线子阵中的第i组天线子阵包括N i个子阵，M组移相馈电网络中的第i组移相馈电网络包括N i个移相馈电网络，N i个子阵与N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，M为小于或等于S的整数，i为1至M的任意整数，N i为大于或等于1的整数；
当天线装置处于第一状态时，M个波束形成网络中的第i个波束形成网络用于形成N i个子阵对应的n i个波束，第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第一端口与N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，第i个波束形成网络对应的n i个第二端口与n i个天线端口一一连接，n i为小于等于N i的整数；
当天线装置处于第二状态时，M个波束形成网络中的第i个波束形成网络用于形成N i个子阵对应的N i个波束，第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第一端口与N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第二端口与N i个天线端口一一连接；
该方法包括：控制装置接收切换指令，根据切换指令将天线装置从第一状态切换至第二状态，或将天线装置从第二状态切换至第一状态，第一状态为多波束天线状态，第二状态为大规模阵列天线MM状态。
结合本申请第二方面，在本申请第二方面的第一种实现方式中，该天线装置还包括：L个天线端口，与L个天线端口对应的端口校正网络以及校正端口；
其中，L大于等于1，示例的，L可以等于S组天线子阵所包含的子阵总数；
端口校正网络用于将L个天线端口对应的信号耦合到校正端口中。
结合本申请第二方面的第一种实现方式，在本申请第二方面的第二种实现方式中，
当天线装置处于第二状态时，校正端口与射频系统中校准模块对应的端口连接，从而使得校准模块对L个天线端口对应的信号进行校正；
当天线装置处于第一状态时，校正端口与射频系统中校准模块对应的端口连接，从而使得校准模块对L个天线端口对应的信号进行校正。
结合本申请第二方面，第二方面的第一种实现方式或第二种实现方式，在本申请第二方面的第三种实现方式中，第i个波束形成网络包括：n i驱N i多波束馈电网络，N i驱N i直通馈电网络，N i个第一开关电路以及N i个第二开关电路；
N i个移相馈电网络与N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第一端口一一连接；
控制装置可以通过如下方式将天线装置从第二状态切换至第一状态：
控制装置根据切换指令控制N i个第一开关电路以及所述N i个第二开关电路中的n i个第二开关电路，使得N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与所述n i驱N i多波束馈电网络对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，所述n i个第二开关电路对应的n i个第一端口与所述n i驱N i多波束馈电网络对应的n i个第二端口一一连接，所述n i个第二开关电路对应的n i个第二端口与n i个天线端口一一连接；
控制装置可以通过如下方式将天线装置从第一状态切换至第二状态：
控制装置根据切换指令控制N i个第一开关电路以及N i个第二开关电路，使得N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与N i驱N i直通馈电网络对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，N i个第二开关电路对应的N i个第一端口与N i驱N i直通馈电网络对应的N i个第二端口一 一连接，N i个第二开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与N i个天线端口一一连接，N i个天线端口与端口校正网络连接。
本实施方式中，控制装置可以通过开关切换天线装置的状态，操作简单，方便快捷。
结合本申请第二方面，第二方面的第一至第三种实现方式中的任意一种实现方式，在本申请第二方面的第四种实现方式中，S大于或等于2；
S组天线网络中的第j组天线子阵包括N j个子阵，第j组移相馈电网络网络包括N j个移相馈电网络网络，N j个子阵与N j个移相馈电网络网络一一连接，N j为大于或等于1的整数；
控制装置将天线装置从第一状态切换至第二状态过程可以包括：
控制装置控制第i组移相馈电网络中的N i个移相馈电网络以及第j组移相馈电网络中的N j个移相馈电网络，使得第i组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第一预设范围内，第j组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第二预设范围内，且
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000008
为第i组天线子阵中N i个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000009
为第j组天线子阵中N j个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值。
本实施方式中，控制装置将天线装置从第一状态切换至第二状态时，还可以通过移相馈电网络网络控制天线子阵对应波束的姿态角，使得两组子阵对应波束的姿态角相等，从而使得两组天线子阵对应的波束能够在同一方向上，联合组成更大的阵列，提升天线装置的性能。
结合本申请第二方面，第二方面的第一至第四种实现方式中的任意一种实现方式，在本申请第二方面的第五种实现方式中，第一状态为立体多波束天线状态，S大于或等于2；
S组天线网络中的第j组天线子阵包括N j个子阵，第j组移相馈电网络网络包括N j个移相馈电网络网络，N j个子阵与N j个移相馈电网络网络一一连接，N j为大于或等于1的整数；
控制装置将天线装置对应的波束状态从第二状态切换至第一状态的过程可以包括：
控制装置控制第i组移相馈电网络中的N i个移相馈电网络以及第j组移相馈电网络中的N j个移相馈电网络，使得第i组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第一预设范围内，第j组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第二预设范围内，且
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000011
为第i组天线子阵中N i个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000012
为第j组天线子阵中N j个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，d i为第i组天线子阵对应的n i个正交波束的平均波宽，d j为第j组天线子阵对应的波束的平均波宽，姿态角为方位角或俯仰角。
本实施方式中，控制装置可以通过移相馈电网络网络控制天线子阵对应波束的姿态角，使得两组天线子阵对应的姿态角差值大于这两组天线子阵对应的波束的平均波宽，使得天线装置可以处于立体多波束状态，并且可以避免两组天线子阵所对应的波束之间的相互干 扰。
本申请第三方面提供了一种通信系统，该通信系统包括上述第一方面，第一方面的第一至第八种实现方式中的任意中实现方式中的天线装置。
从以上技术方案可以看出，本申请实施例具有以下优点：
本申请实施例中的天线装置包括S组天线子阵，S组移相馈电网络和S个波束形成网络，L个天线端口以及与L个天线端口对应的端口校正网络，其中，每组天线子阵包括的子阵数量可以相同也可以不同，当天线装置处于第一状态时，至少有一组天线子阵可以通过其对应的波束形成网络进行处理得到n i个波束，n i小于该组天线子阵包含的子阵数量N i，即该天线装置能合成为具有特定形状的成形波束，即该天线装置可以作为多波束天线使用；而当天线装置处于第二状态时，该组天线子阵可以通过其对应的波束处理网络形成与该组天线子阵包含的子阵数量对应的N i个波束，即该天线装置能够增加射频通道数，且天线装置可以和射频单元一起集成为有源天线处理单元，对信号进行联合接收解调或发送处理，即该天线装置可以作为大规模阵列天线使用。可见，本申请实施例的天线装置可以根据业务需求在多波束天线状态和MM状态之间灵活切换，如在小包业务场景下，天线装置可以作为多波束天线使用，节约资源，在用户不均匀的场景下，天线装置可以作为MM使用，也就是说本申请的天线装置可以适用于多种业务场景，灵活性强。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例。
图1为本申请实施例中基站系统的一个实施例示意图；
图2A为本申请实施例中天线装置的一个实施例示意图；
图2B为本申请实施例中端口校正网络的一个实施例示意图；
图3为本申请实施例中天线装置的另一实施例示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中天线装置的另一实施例示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中天线装置的另一实施例示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中天线装置形成的波束示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中天线装置形成的波束示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施例例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
本申请实施例提供了一种天线装置及波束状态切换方法，能够适用于不同的业务场景， 增强灵活性。
应理解，本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于多种通信系统，例如：全球移动通讯(global system of mobile communication，GSM)系统、码分多址(code division multiple access，CDMA)系统、宽带码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)系统、通用分组无线业务(general packet radio service，GPRS)、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)、通用移动通信系统(universal mobile telecommunication system，UMTS)、全球互联微波接入(worldwide interoperability for microwave access，WiMAX)通信系统或第五代移动通信技术(5th-generation，5G)等，需要说明的是，本申请实施例并不限定具体的通信系统。
为了便于理解，下面先对本申请中的天线装置和波束切换方法可以适用于基站系统，基站(BS，Base Station)可以是GSM或CDMA中的基站(英文全称：Base Transceiver Station，英文缩写：BTS)，也可以是WCDMA中的基站(NodeB)，还可以是LTE中的演进型基站(英文全称：evolved Node B，英文缩写：eNB或e-NodeB)或者是5G以及后续演进通信系统中的基站，本发明实施例并不限定。下面以图1为例对本申请中天线装置和波束切换方法所适用的基站系统进行说明，该基站系统100包括：基带单元(Base band Unit，BBU)101，射频拉远单元(Radio Remote Unit，RRU)102以及天线装置103，其中，RRU与天线装置连接，BBU与RRU连接。
应理解，本申请中的第一端口与第二端口相对，第一端口可以是输入端口也可以是输出端口，第一端口为输入端口时，第二端口为输出端口，第一端口为输出端口时，第二端口为输入端口。下面的实施例都以第一端口为输入端口，第二端口为输出端口的情况进行说明。
下面对本申请实施例中的天线装置进行介绍，请参阅图2A，本申请实施例中天线装置的一个实施例包括：S组天线子阵，S组移相馈电网络以及S个波束形成网络，S为大于或等于1的整数；
其中，一组天线子阵对应一组移相馈电网络网络以及一个波束形成网络，而每组天线子阵的组成可以相同也可以不相同，每组移相馈电网络的组成可以相同也可以不相同，每个波束形成网络的组成可以相同也可以不相同，具体本申请不作限定。
S个波束形成网络中有M个波束形成网络在天线装置处于不同状态时，所形成的波束不相同，下面对这M个波束形成网络，与这M个波束形成网络对应的M组天线子阵和M组移相馈电网络进行介绍：
M个天线子阵中第i组天线子阵201包括N i个子阵2011，M组移相馈电网络中的第i组移相馈电网络202包括N i个移相馈电网络2021，并且第i组天线子阵中的N i个子阵2011与第i组移相馈电网络中的N i个移相馈电网络2021一一连接，N i为大于1的整数。
当天线装置处于第一状态时，M个波束形成网络中的第i个波束形成网络203用于形成第i组天线子阵201中N i个子阵2011对应的n i个波束，具体地，第i个波束形成网络203对应的N i个输入端口与第i个移相馈电网络202中的N i个移相馈电网络2021一一连接，第i个波束形成网络203对应的n i个输出端口与n i个天线端口一一连接，n i为小于等 于N i的整数。
当天线装置处于第二状态时，M个波束形成网络中的第i个波束形成网络203用于形成第i组天线子阵201中N i个子阵2011对应的N i个波束，具体地，第i个波束形成网络203对应的N i个输入端口与第i个移相馈电网络202中的N i个移相馈电网络2021一一连接，第i个波束形成网络203对应的N i个输出端口与N i个天线端口一一连接。
需要说明的是，图2A仅示出了一组天线子阵，一组移相馈电网络以及一个波束形成网络的连接示意图，其中每个天线子阵包含的阵子数量，移相馈电网络数量以及各物理器件的摆放位置和连接关系等仅作为一个示例，并不构成本申请的限定。
本申请中，M为大于0且小于S的整数，即天线装置中至少包括一组天线子阵，至少一组移相馈电网络以及至少一个波束形成网络具有如上描述的特征；特别需要说明的是，本实施例中i表示的是序号，为1至M的任意整数，序号只是为了区别不同组的天线子阵，不同组的移相馈电网络网络或与不同的波束形成网络，该序号不构成天线装置中各组天线子阵的空间位置关系的限定，比如说，M组天线子阵中的第1组天线子阵和第2组天线子阵在空间位置上并不一定是相邻的2组天线子阵。
还需要说明的是，S组天线子阵各组之间可以是水平布放也可以是垂直布放，具体本申请不作限定。而对于M组天线子阵中的第i组天线子阵，其包括的N i个子阵可以是水平布放，也可以是垂直布放，具体本申请也不作限定，当这N i个子阵水平布放时，波束形成网络形成的波束是水平方向上的波束，当这N i个子阵垂直布放时，波束形成网络形成的波束是垂直方向上的波束。
具体地，本申请实施例中，天线子阵用于发射或接收信号；波束形成网络用于形成各组天线子阵对应的波束，当天线装置处于第一状态时，该波束形成网络可以用于对各组天线子阵产生的N i个波束进行聚合形成n i个正交波束，当天线装置处于第二状态时，该波束形成网络可以将各组移相馈电网络与天线端口直接连通，不对N i个子阵对应的波束进行处理，即形成天线子阵对应的N i个直通波束。
作为一种可选的方式，天线装置还可以包括：L个天线端口，与L个天线端口对应的端口校正网络以及校正端口。
其中，天线端口的数量等于S组天线子阵中每组天线子阵所包含的天线子阵数量之和，即L等于S组天线子阵包含的子阵总数，当天线装置处于第二状态时，L个天线端口均为有效端口，当天线装置处于第一状态时，有效端口数量小于L，应理解，有效端口指的是能够形成通路，用于传输信号的端口。
端口校正网络用于将L个天线端口对应的信号耦合到校正端口中。
具体地，当天线装置处于第二状态时，校正端口可以与射频系统中校正模块对应的端口连接，使得校正模块可以对天线装置的L个天线端口对应的信号进行校正，如图2B所示，图2B为L＝4时，4个天线端口与其对应的端口校正网络以及校正端口的连接示意图，应理解，2B仅作为一个实例，不构成本申请的限定。
当天线装置处于第一状态时，校正端口可以与射频系统中校正模块对应的端口连接，也可以不与射频系统的校正模块对应的端口连接，处于空置状态，对此本申请不作限定。
需要说明的是，天线端口是天线装置的外接端口，用于连接射频模块；端口校正网络 又称为耦合校准网络，该耦合校准网络用于将天线装置外接端口对应的信号耦合到校正端口中，当天线装置处于第二状态时，校正端口可以与校正模块的端口连接，使得校正模块可以根据耦合到校正端口的信号对射频模块与天线端口之间传输的信号进行校准，从而实现大规模天线阵列对信号进行联合接收解调或发送处理。具体地，本申请中，上述图2A对应的实施例中的天线装置，可以由控制装置进行控制，控制装置接收到切换指令后，可以根据切换指令，将天线装置从第一状态切换到第二状态，或者将天线装置从第二状态切换到第一状态，通过上述描述可知第一状态指的是多波束天线状态，第二状态指的是大规模天线阵列状态。
本申请实施例的天线装置可以根据业务需求在多波束天线状态和MM状态之间灵活切换，如在小包业务场景下，天线装置可以作为多波束天线使用，节约资源，在用户不均匀的场景下，天线装置可以作为MM使用，也就是说本申请的天线装置可以适用于多种业务场景，灵活性强。
基于上述图2A对应的实施例，波束形成网络可以有多种组成，下面对其中一种进行详细描述，请参阅图3，本申请实施例中天线装置的另一实施例包括：S组天线子阵，S组移相馈电网络以及S个波束形成网络。
其中，一组天线子阵对应一组移相馈电网络网络以及一个波束形成网络，而每组天线子阵的组成可以相同也可以不相同，每组移相馈电网络的组成可以相同也可以不相同，每个波束形成网络的组成可以相同也可以不相同，具体本申请不作限定。
S个波束形成网络中有M个波束形成网络在天线装置处于不同状态时，所形成的波束不相同，下面对这M个波束形成网络，与这M个波束形成网络对应的M组天线子阵和M组移相馈电网络进行介绍：
其中，M组天线子阵中的第i组天线子阵301包括N i个子阵3011，M组移相馈电网络中的第i组移相馈电网络302包括N i个移相馈电网络3021，M个波束形成网络第i个波束形成网络303包括n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031，N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032，N i个第一开关电路3033以及N i个第二开关电路3034。
当天线装置处于第一状态时，第i组天线子阵301中的N i个子阵3011与第i组移相馈电网络302中的N i个移相馈电网络3021对应的N i个输入端口一一连接，N i个移相馈电网络3021对应的N i个输出端口与N i个第一开关电路3033对应的N i个输入端口一一连接，N i个第一开关电路3033对应的N i个输出端口与n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031对应的N i个输入端口一一连接，n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031对应的n i个输出端口与其中n i个第二开关电路3034对应的n i个输入端口一一连接，n i个第二开关电路3034对应的n i个输出端口与n i个天线端口304一一连接，n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031用于形成N i个子阵对应的n i个正交波束。
当天线装置处于第二状态时，第i组天线子阵301中的N i个子阵3011与第i组移相馈电网络302中的N i个移相馈电网络3021对应的N i个输入端口一一连接，N i个移相馈电网络3021对应的N i个输出端口与N i个第一开关电路3033对应的N i个输入端口一一连接，N i个第一开关电路3033对应的N i个输出端口与N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032对应的N i个输入端口一一连接，N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032对应的N i个输出端口与其中N i个第二开关电 路3034对应的N i个输入端口一一连接，N i个第二开关电路3034对应的N i个输出端口与N i个天线端口304一一连接，N i个天线端口304与端口校正网络305连接。
作为一种可选的方式，本实施例中的天线装置还可以包括：L个天线端口304，与L个天线端口对应的端口校正网络305以及校正端口306。
其中，天线端口的数量等于S组天线子阵中每组天线子阵所包含的天线子阵数量之和，即L等于S组天线子阵包含的子阵总数，当天线装置处于第二状态时，L个天线端口均为有效端口，当天线装置处于第一状态时，有效端口数量小于L，应理解，有效端口指的是能够形成通路，用于传输信号的端口。
端口校正网络305用于将L个天线端口对应的信号耦合到校正端口306中，当天线装置处于第二状态时，校正端口与射频系统中校正模块对应的端口连接，使得校正模块可以对天线装置的L个天线端口对应的信号进行校正，当天线装置处于第一状态时，校正端口可以与射频系统中校正模块对应的端口连接，也可以不与射频系统的校正模块对应的端口连接，处于空置状态，对此本申请不作限定。
具体地，本实施例中，第i个波束形成网络303中的N i个第一开关电路3033用于选择第i组移相馈电网络302是与N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032连接，还是与n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031连接。
第二开关电路3034用于选择将N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032与N i天线端口3034连通，还是将n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031与n i个天线端口3034连通。
当天线装置处于第一状态时，n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031可以对N i路接收信号进行处理得到n i路接收信号，这n i路接收信号通过n i个天线端口3034传递给射频模块，或者对n i路发射信号进行处理得到N i路发射信号，并将这N i路发射信号通过N i个子阵发射给用户。具体地，n i驱N i多波束馈电网络可以是巴特勒矩阵馈电网络，可以是罗特曼透镜馈电网络，还可以是其他馈电网络，具体本申请不作限定。
当天线装置处于第二状态时，N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032可以将N i个移相馈电网络3021与N i个天线端口一对一直通，即不对N i个子阵3031接收或发射的信号进行处理，直接将N i个子阵3031接收的信号通过N i个天线端口3034传递给射频系统。具体地，N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032可以是旁路于n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031的直通馈电网络3032，由一根或多根馈线组成，N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032还可以是其他馈电网络，具体本申请不作限定。
需要说明的是，图3仅示出了一组天线子阵，一组移相馈电网络以及一个波束形成网络的连接示意图，其中每个子阵包含的阵子数量，移相馈电网络数量，天线端口数量以及各物理器件的摆放位置和连接关系等仅作为一个示例，并不构成本申请的限定。
还需要说明的是，除了上述图3对应实施例所描述的结构，在一些实施例中，第i个波束形成网络还可以是基于n i驱N i多波束馈电网络改造得到目标网络，改造得到的目标网络可以从n i驱N i多波束馈电网络切换为N i驱N i直通馈电网络，也可以从N i驱N i直通馈电网络切换为n i驱N i多波束馈电网络。
具体地，本申请中，上述图3对应的实施例中的天线装置，可以由控制装置进行控制，控制装置接收到切换指令后，可以根据切换指令，将天线装置从第一状态切换到第二状态， 或者将天线装置从第二状态切换到第一状态，通过上述描述可知第一状态指的是多波束天线状态，第二状态指的是大规模天线阵列状态。
而对应于上述图3所示的天线装置，控制装置控制天线装置从第一状态切换到第二状态的过程可以包括：控制第i个波束形成网络303中的N i第一开关电路3033以及N i个第二开关电路3034，使得第i组移相馈电网络302与N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032连接，并将N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032与N i天线端口3034连接，具体连接关系如上述图3对应实施例所描述。
控制装置控制天线装置从第二状态切换到第一状态的过程可以包括：控制第i个波束形成网络303中的N i第一开关电路3033以及N i个第二开关电路3034，使得第i组移相馈电网络302与将n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031连接，并将n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031与与n i天线端口3034连接，具体连接关系如上述图3对应实施例所描述。
作为一种可选的方式，控制装置可以包括第一控制装置和第二控制装置，第i个波束形成网络中的N i个第一开关电路可以由第一控制装置联动控制，即对于这N i个第一开关电路，当有一个第一开关电路选择与N i驱N i直通馈电网络连接时，其他第一开关电路也会与N i驱N i直通馈电网络连接，当有一个第一开关电路选择与n i驱N i多波束馈电网络连接时，其他第一开关电路也会与n i驱N i多波束馈电网络连接。第i个波束形成网络中的n i个第二开关电路可以由第一控制装置联动控制，即对于这n i个第二开关电路，当有一个第二开关电路选择与N i驱N i直通馈电网络和天线端口连接时，其他第二开关电路也会有与N i驱N i直通馈电网络连接和天线端口连接，当有一个第二开关电路选择与n i驱N i多波束馈电网络连接时，其他第二开关电路也会选择与n i驱N i多波束馈电网络与天线端口连接。
需要说明的是，当天线装置处于第一状态时，第i个波束形成网络的N i个第二开关电路中，除了与n i驱N i多波束馈电网络连接的n i第二开关电路以外的N i-n i个第二开关电路的一端，可以继续连接N i驱N i直通馈电网络也可以断开与N i驱N i直通馈电网络的连接，而这N i-n i个第二开关电路的另一端，可以继续连接天线端口也可以断开与天线端口的连接。
还需要说明的是，本申请实施例中的各个第一开关电路可以相同也可以不同，具体可以是数控射频选择开关，也可以是机械制动射频选择开关，还可以是其他类型的开关，具体此处不作限定，各个第二开关电路可以相同也可以不同，具体可以是数控射频选择开关，也可以是机械制动射频选择开关，还可以是其他类型的开关，还可以是其他类型的开关，具体此处不作限定。
作为一种可选的方式，本实施例中，天线装置包括多组天线子阵，多组馈电网络和多个波束形成网络，即S大于或等于2。
S组天线子阵中的第j组天线子阵401包括N j个子阵4011，第j组移相馈电网络4021包括N j个移相馈电网络，N j个子阵4011与N j个移相馈电网络4021一一连接，N j为大于或等于1的整数。
而与第j组天线子阵401以及第j组移相馈电网络402对应的第j个波束形成网络403可以如上述第j个波束形成网络所述，包括n j驱N j多波束馈电网络4031，N j驱N j直通馈电网络4032，N j个第一开关电路4033以及N j个第二开关电路4034，如图4所示，图4 为S＝2，N i＝4，n i＝2，N j＝4，n j＝2时，天线装置的一个示意图。
则当天线装置处于第一状态时，N j个第一开关电路4033对应的N j个输入端口与N j个移相馈电网络4021对应的N j个输出端口一一连接，N j个第一开关电路4033对应的N j个输出端口与n j驱N j多波束馈电网络4031对应的N j个输入端口一一连接，n j驱N j多波束馈电网络4031对应的n j个输出端口与其中n j个第二开关电路4034对应的n j个输入端口一一连接，n j个第二开关电路4034对应的n j个输出端口与L个天线端口中除了上述n i个天线端口以外的n j个天线端口304一一连接，n j驱N j多波束馈电网络4031用于形成N j个子阵对应的n j个正交波束。
当天线装置处于第二状态时，N j个第一开关电路4033对应的N j个输入端口与N j个移相馈电网络4021对应的N j个输出端口与一一连接，N j个第一开关电路4033对应的N j个输出端口与N j驱N j直通馈电网络4032对应的N j个输入端口一一连接，N j驱N j直通馈电网络4032对应的N j个输出端口与其中N j个第二开关电路4034对应的N j个输入端口一一连接，N j个第二开关电路4034对应的N j个输出端口与L个天线端口中除了上述N i个天端口以外的N j个天线端口304一一连接，N j驱N j直通馈电网络4032用于形成N j个子阵对应的N j个直通波束。
与第j组天线子阵401以及第j组移相馈电网络402对应的第j个波束形成网络403也可以包括N j驱N j直通馈电网络4035，N j驱N j直通馈电网络4035的对应的N j个输入端口与N j个移相馈电网络4021对应的N j个输出端口一一连接，N j驱N j直通馈电网络4035对应的N j个输入端口与N j个天线端口一一连接，此时天线装置处于第一状态还是第二状态，N j驱N j直通馈电网络4035都会形成N j个子阵对应的N j个直通波束，如图5所示，图5为S＝2，N i＝4，n i＝2，N j＝1时，天线装置的一个示意图。
具体地，本实施例中，控制装置可以通过第i组移相馈电网络控制第i组天线子阵对应的波束的姿态角，通过第j组移相馈电网络可控制，第j组天线子阵对应的波束的姿态角，使得第i组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第一预设范围内，第j组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第二预设范围内。
应理解，上述波束的姿态角具体可以是方位角，也可以是俯仰角，移相馈电网络是用来控制波束的方位角还是俯仰角由子阵的布放位置和连接关系有关，而各组天线子阵对应波束的姿态角之间的关系会对天线装置最终形成的波束状态有所不同，下面针对其中几种情况进行说明：
一、水平布放。
本实施例中，第i组天线子阵包括的N i个子阵水平布放，第i组移相馈电网络中的N i个移相馈电网络分别与这N i个水平布放的子阵连接，控制这N i个子阵对应波束的俯仰角，使得这N i个子阵对应波束的俯仰角相等。
第j组天线子阵包括的N j个子阵也是水平布放，第j组移相馈电网络中的N j个移相馈电网络分别与这N j个水平布放的子阵连接，控制这N j个子阵对应波束的俯仰角，使得这N j个子阵对应波束的俯仰角相等。
当天线装置处于第一状态时，第i组移相馈电网络控制第i组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角，第j组移相馈电网络控制第j组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角，使得第i组天线子阵 对应波束的俯仰角与第j组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角不相等，从而天线装置在水平维度和垂直维度都能够形成多个波束，即可以形成立体多波束，如图6所示。
天线装置处于第一状态时，会形成第i组天线子阵中N i个子阵对应的n i个水平正交的波束，还会形成第j组天线子阵中N j个子阵对应的N j个直通波束或n j个水平正交波束，为了避免第i组天线子阵对应的波束与第j组天线子阵对应的两组波束之间的干扰，作为一种可选的方案，第i组移相馈电网络以及第j组移相馈电网络还可以使得第i组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角与第j组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角之间的差值大于两组天线子阵对应的垂直波宽的平均值。
当天线处于第二状态时，第i组移相馈电网络控制第i组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角，第j组移相馈电网络控制第j组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角，使得第i组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角与第j组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角相等，从而使得第i组天线子阵和第j组天线子阵可以联合组成一个大规模阵列天线，形成相应的波束。
应理解，在实际应用中，各个子阵对应波束的俯仰角会存在一定误差，第i组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角具体可以是第i组天线子阵中各个子阵对应波束的俯仰角的平均值
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000013
第j组天线子阵对应波束的俯仰角具体可以是第j组天线子阵中各个子阵对应波束的俯仰角的平均值
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000014
则天线装置处于第一状态时，第i组移相馈电网络和第j组移相馈电网络可以使得
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000015
进一步地，为了避免波束之间的干扰，可以使得
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000016
d i为第i组天线子阵对应的n j个水平正交波束的平均垂直波宽，d j为第j组天线子阵对应的波束的平均垂直波宽。
当天线装置处于第二状态时，第i组移相馈电网络和第j组移相馈电网络可以使得
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000017
需要说明的是，一般来说，波束的垂直波宽指的是垂直方向上,在最大辐射方向两侧，辐射功率下降3dB的两个方向的夹角。
二、垂直布放。
本实施例中，第i组天线子阵包括的N i个子阵垂直布放，第i组移相馈电网络中的N i个移相馈电网络分别与这N i个垂直布放的子阵连接，控制这N i个子阵对应波束的方位角，使得这N i个子阵对应波束的方位角相等。
第j组天线子阵包括的N j个子阵也是垂直布放，第j组移相馈电网络中的N j个移相馈电网络分别与这N j个垂直布放的子阵连接，控制这N j个子阵对应波束的方位角，使得这N j个子阵对应波束的方位角相等。
当天线装置处于第一状态时，第i组移相馈电网络控制第i组天线子阵对应波束的方位角，第j组移相馈电网络控制第j组天线子阵对应波束的方位角，使得第i组天线子阵对应波束的方位角与第j组天线子阵对应波束的方位角不相等，从而天线装置在水平维度 和垂直维度都能够形成多个波束，即可以形成立体多波束，如图7所示。
天线装置处于第一状态时，会形成第i组天线子阵中N i个子阵对应的n i个垂直正交的波束，还会形成第j组天线子阵中N j个子阵对应的N j个直通波束或n j个垂直正交波束，为了避免第i组天线子阵对应的波束与第j组天线子阵对应的两组波束之间的干扰，作为一种可选的方案，第i组移相馈电网络以及第j组移相馈电网络还可以使得第i组天线子阵对应的方向角与第j组天线子阵对应的方向角之间的差值大于两组天线子阵对应的水平波宽的平均值。
当天线处于第二状态时，第i组移相馈电网络控制第i组天线子阵对应波束的方位角，第j组移相馈电网络控制第j组天线子阵对应波束的方位角，使得第i组天线子阵对应波束的方位角与第j组天线子阵对应波束的方位角相等，从而使得第i组天线子阵和第j组天线子阵可以联合组成一个大规模天线阵列，形成相应的波束。
应理解，在实际应用中，各个子阵对应波束的方位角会存在一定误差，第i组天线子阵对应波束的方位角具体可以是第i组天线子阵中各个子阵对应波束的方位角的平均值
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000018
第j组天线子阵对应波束的方位角具体可以是第j组天线子阵中各个子阵对应波束的方位角的平均值
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000019
天线装置处于第一状态时，第i组移相馈电网络和第j组移相馈电网络可以使得
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000020
进一步地，为了避免波束之间的干扰，可以使得
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000021
d i为第i组天线子阵对应的n j个垂直正交波束的平均水平波宽，d j为第j组天线子阵对应的波束的平均水平波宽。
当天线装置处于第二状态时，第i组移相馈电网络和第j组移相馈电网络可以使得
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000022
需要说明的是，一般来说，波束的水平波宽指的是在水平方向上,在最大辐射方向两侧,辐射功率下降3dB的两个方向的夹角。
对应地，本申请中的控制装置可以将天线装置从立体多波束天线状态切换至大规模阵列天线状态，该过程具体可以包括：通过第i组移相馈电网络控制第i组天线子阵对应的波束的姿态角，通过第j组移相馈电网络控制第j组天线子阵对应的波束的姿态角，使得
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000023
本申请中的控制装置还可以将天线装置从大规模阵列天线状态切换至立体多波束天线状态，该过程具体可以包括：通过第i组移相馈电网络控制第i组天线子阵对应的波束的姿态角，通过第j组移相馈电网络控制第j组天线子阵对应的波束的姿态角，使得
Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-000024
本申请实施例的天线装置可以根据业务需求在多波束天线状态和MM状态之间灵活切换，如在小包业务场景下，天线装置可以作为多波束天线使用，节约资源，在用户不均匀的场景下，天线装置可以作为MM使用，也就是说本申请的天线装置可以适用于多种业务场 景，灵活性强。
其次，本申请实施例中的波束形成网络303包括n i驱N i多波束馈电网络3031，N i驱N i直通馈电网络3032，N i个第一开关电路3033以及N i个第二开关电路3034，通过第一开个电路和第二开个电路实现波束状态的切换，实现简单，成本低。
进一步地，本申请实施例中，当S大于或等于2时，天线装置还可以作为立体多波束天线使用，即可以在立体多波束天线状态和MM状态之间进行切换，提高了方案的灵活性。
本申请还提供了另一种天线装置，该天线装置包括：N个阵子，n驱N多波束馈电网络，N个第一开关电路，N驱N直通馈电网络，N个天线端口，N个第二开关电路，N个天线端口对应的端口校正网络以及该端口校正网络对应的校正端口，其中，N为大于4的整数，n为小于等于N的整数，N个阵子排列形成A行B列的矩形，A为大于1的整数，B为大于1的整数。
当天线装置处于第一状态时，N个阵子与N个第一开关电路的一端一一连接，N个第一开关电路的另一端与n驱N多波束馈电网络对应的N个输入端口连接，n驱N多波束馈电网络对应的n个输出端口与其中n个第二开关电路的一端一一连接，n个第二开关电路的另一端与其中n个天线端口连接。
当天线装置处于第二状态时，N个阵子与N个第一开关电路的一端一一连接，N个第一开关电路的另一端与N驱N直通馈电网络对应的N个输入端口一一连接，N驱N直通馈电网络对应的N个输出端口与N个第二开关电路的一端一一连接，N个第二开关电路的另一端与N个天线端口一一连接。
端口校正网络用于将N个天线端口对应的信号耦合到校正端口中，当天线装置处于第二状态时，校正端口与射频系统中校正模块对应的端口连接，使得校正模块可以根据耦合到校正端口的信号对N个天线端口对应的信号进行校准。
可选地，当天线装置处于第一状态时，天线装置处于第二状态时，校正端口与射频系统中校正模块对应的端口连接，使得校正模块可以根据耦合到校正端口的信号对N个天线端口对应的信号进行校准。
可选地，N驱N直通馈电网络旁路于n驱N多波束馈电网络。
本申请实施例的天线装置可以根据业务需求在立体多波束天线状态和MM状态之间灵活切换，如在小包业务场景下，天线装置可以作为立体多波束天线使用，节约资源，在用户不均匀的场景下，天线装置可以作为MM使用，也就是说本申请的天线装置可以适用于多种业务场景，灵活性强。
本申请还提供了一种通信系统，该通信系统包括上述图2A，图3，图4以及图5对应的任一实施例中的天线装置。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。
所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本发明实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一计算机可读存储介质传 输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存储的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘Solid State Disk(SSD))等。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，本申请提供的方法的具体工作过程，可以参考前述装置实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统，装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如多个器件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部部件来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能部件可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个部件单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上部件集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的处理单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(英文全称：Read-Only Memory，英文缩写：ROM)、随机存取存储器(英文全称：Random Access Memory，英文缩写：RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种天线装置，其特征在于，包括：S组天线子阵，S组移相馈电网络以及S个波束形成网络，所述S为大于或等于1的整数；
    M组天线子阵中的第i组天线子阵包括N i个子阵，M组移相馈电网络中的第i组移相馈电网络包括N i个移相馈电网络，所述N i个子阵与所述N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，所述M为小于或等于所述S的整数，所述i为1至M的任意整数，所述N i为大于1的整数；
    当所述天线装置处于第一状态时，M个波束形成网络中的第i个波束形成网络用于形成所述N i个子阵对应的n i个波束，所述第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第一端口与所述N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，所述第i个波束形成网络对应的n i个第二端口与n i个天线端口一一连接，所述n i为小于等于N i的整数；
    当所述天线装置处于第二状态时，所述M个波束形成网络中的第i个波束形成网络用于形成所述N i个子阵对应的N i个波束，所述第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第一端口与所述N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，所述第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第二端口与N i个天线端口一一连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线装置，其特征在于，
    所述天线装置还包括：L个天线端口，与所述L个天线端口对应的端口校正网络以及校正端口；
    其中，所述L大于等于1；
    所述端口校正网络用于将所述L个天线端口对应的信号耦合到所述校正端口中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线装置，其特征在于，
    当所述天线装置处于第二状态时，所述校正端口与射频系统中校准模块对应的端口连接，从而使得所述校准模块对所述L个天线端口对应的信号进行校正。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的天线装置，其特征在于，
    当所述天线装置处于第一状态时，所述校正端口与射频系统中校准模块对应的端口连接，从而使得所述校准模块对所述L个天线端口对应的信号进行校正。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述第i个波束形成网络包括：n i驱N i多波束馈电网络，N i驱N i直通馈电网络，N i个第一开关电路以及N i个第二开关电路；
    当所述天线装置处于第一状态时，所述N i个移相馈电网络与所述N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，所述N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与所述n i驱N i多波束馈电网络对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，所述n i驱N i多波束馈电网络对应的n i个第二端口与其中n i个第二开关电路对应的n i个第一端口一一连接，所述n i个第二开关电路对应的n i个第二端口与n i个天线端口一一连接，所述n i驱N i多波束馈电网络用于形成所述N i个子阵对应的n i个正交波束；
    当所述天线装置处于第二状态时，所述N i个移相馈电网络与所述N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，所述N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与所述N i驱N i直通馈电网络对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，所述N i驱N i直通馈电网络对应的N i个第二端口与所述N i个第二开关电路对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，所述N i个第二开关电路对 应的N i个第二端口与N i个天线端口一一连接，所述N i个天线端口与所述端口校正网络连接，所述N i驱N i直通馈电网络用于形成所述N i个子阵对应的N i个直通波束。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述N i驱N i直通馈电网络旁路于所述n i驱N i多波束馈电网络。
  7. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述S大于或等于2；所述S组天线网络中的第j组天线子阵包括N j个子阵，第j组移相馈电网络网络包括N j个移相馈电网络网络，所述N j个子阵与所述N j个移相馈电网络网络一一连接，所述N j为大于或等于1的整数；
    所述第i组移相馈电网络用于控制所述第i组天线子阵对应波束的姿态角，所述第i组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第一预设范围内；
    所述第j组移相馈电网络用于控制所述第j组天线子阵对应波束的姿态角，所述第j组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第二预设范围内；
    所述姿态角为方位角或俯仰角。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线装置，其特征在于，
    当所述天线装置处于第一状态时，
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100001
    所述
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100002
    为所述第i组天线子阵中所述N i个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，所述
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100003
    为所述第j组天线子阵中所述N j个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，所述d i为所述第i组天线子阵对应的n i个波束的平均波宽，所述d j为所述第j组天线子阵对应的波束的平均波宽。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的天线装置，其特征在于，
    当所述天线装置处于第二状态时，
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100004
    所述
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100005
    为所述第i组天线子阵中所述N i个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，所述
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100006
    为所述第j组天线子阵中所述N j个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值。
  10. 一种波束状态切换方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于天线装置，所述天线装置包括：S组天线子阵，S组移相馈电网络以及S个波束形成网络，所述S为大于或等于1的整数；
    M组天线子阵中的第i组天线子阵包括N i个子阵，M组移相馈电网络中的第i组移相馈电网络包括N i个移相馈电网络，所述N i个子阵与所述N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，所述M为小于或等于所述S的整数，所述i为1至M的任意整数，所述N i为大于或等于1的整数；
    当所述天线装置处于第一状态时，M个波束形成网络中的第i个波束形成网络用于形成所述N i个子阵对应的n i个波束，所述第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第一端口与所述N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，所述第i个波束形成网络对应的n i个第二端口与n i个天线端口一一连接，所述n i为小于等于N i的整数；
    当所述天线装置处于第二状态时，所述M个波束形成网络中的第i个波束形成网络用于形成所述N i个子阵对应的N i个波束，所述第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第一端口与所述N i个移相馈电网络一一连接，所述第i个波束形成网络对应的N i个第二端口与N i个 天线端口一一连接；
    所述方法包括：
    控制装置接收切换指令；
    所述控制装置根据所述切换指令将天线装置从第一状态切换至第二状态，或将天线装置从第二状态切换至第一状态，所述第一状态为多波束天线状态，所述第二状态为大规模阵列天线MM状态。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述天线装置还包括：L个天线端口，与所述L个天线端口对应的端口校正网络以及校正端口；
    其中，所述L大于等于1；
    所述端口校正网络用于将所述L个天线端口对应的信号耦合到所述校正端口中。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，
    当所述天线装置处于第二状态时，所述校正端口与射频系统中校准模块对应的端口连接，从而使得所述校准模块对所述L个天线端口对应的信号进行校正；
    当所述天线装置处于第一状态时，所述校正端口与射频系统中校准模块对应的端口连接，从而使得所述校准模块对所述L个天线端口对应的信号进行校正。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第i个波束形成网络包括：n i驱N i多波束馈电网络，N i驱N i直通馈电网络，N i个第一开关电路以及N i个第二开关电路；
    所述N i个移相馈电网络与所述N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第一端口一一连接；
    所述控制装置根据所述切换指令将天线装置从第二状态切换至第一状态包括：
    所述控制装置根据所述切换指令控制所述N i个第一开关电路以及所述N i个第二开关电路中的n i个第二开关电路，使得N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与所述n i驱N i多波束馈电网络对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，所述n i个第二开关电路对应的n i个第一端口与所述n i驱N i多波束馈电网络对应的n i个第二端口一一连接，所述n i个第二开关电路对应的n i个第二端口与n i个天线端口一一连接；
    所述控制装置根据所述切换指令将天线装置从第一状态切换至第二状态包括：
    所述控制装置根据所述切换指令控制所述N i个第一开关电路以及所述N i个第二开关电路，使得N i个第一开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与所述N i驱N i直通馈电网络对应的N i个第一端口一一连接，所述N i个第二开关电路对应的N i个第一端口与所述N i驱N i直通馈电网络对应的N i个第二端口一一连接，所述N i个第二开关电路对应的N i个第二端口与N i个天线端口一一连接，所述N i个天线端口与所述端口校正网络连接。
  14. 根据权利要求10至12中任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述S大于或等于2；
    所述S组天线网络中的第j组天线子阵包括N j个子阵，第j组移相馈电网络网络包括N j个移相馈电网络网络，所述N j个子阵与所述N j个移相馈电网络网络一一连接，所述N j为大于或等于1的整数；
    所述控制装置根据所述切换指令将天线装置从第一状态切换至第二状态包括：
    所述控制装置控制第i组移相馈电网络中的N i个移相馈电网络以及第j组移相馈电网络中的N j个移相馈电网络，使得所述第i组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第 一预设范围内，所述第j组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第二预设范围内，且
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100007
    所述
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100008
    为所述第i组天线子阵中所述N i个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，所述
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100009
    为所述第j组天线子阵中所述N j个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值。
  15. 根据权利要求10至12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一状态为立体多波束天线状态，所述S大于或等于2；
    所述S组天线网络中的第j组天线子阵包括N j个子阵，第j组移相馈电网络网络包括N j个移相馈电网络网络，所述N j个子阵与所述N j个移相馈电网络网络一一连接，所述N j为大于或等于1的整数；
    所述控制装置根据所述切换指令将天线装置对应的波束状态从第二状态切换至第一状态包括：
    所述控制装置控制第i组移相馈电网络中的N i个移相馈电网络以及第j组移相馈电网络中的N j个移相馈电网络，使得所述第i组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第一预设范围内，所述第j组天线子阵中每个子阵对应波束的姿态角均在第二预设范围内，且
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100010
    所述
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100011
    为所述第i组天线子阵中所述N i个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，所述
    Figure PCTCN2018123113-appb-100012
    为所述第j组天线子阵中所述N j个子阵对应波束的姿态角的平均值，所述d i为所述第i组天线子阵对应的n i个波束的平均波宽，所述d j为所述第j组天线子阵对应的波束的平均波宽，所述姿态角为方位角或俯仰角。
  16. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1-9任一项权利要求所述的天线装置。
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