WO2019128856A1 - 一种用于螺纹连接件的防松垫圈及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于螺纹连接件的防松垫圈及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019128856A1
WO2019128856A1 PCT/CN2018/122513 CN2018122513W WO2019128856A1 WO 2019128856 A1 WO2019128856 A1 WO 2019128856A1 CN 2018122513 W CN2018122513 W CN 2018122513W WO 2019128856 A1 WO2019128856 A1 WO 2019128856A1
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Prior art keywords
ratchet
washer
lock washer
angle
axis
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PCT/CN2018/122513
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宫清
郭强
房斌
王梦得
安维
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
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Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to EP18893647.0A priority Critical patent/EP3734089A4/en
Publication of WO2019128856A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019128856A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/22—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening
    • F16B39/24—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by means of washers, spring washers, or resilient plates that lock against the object

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a lock washer for a threaded connector and a method of making same.
  • the wedge surface between the existing combined anti-loose washers is mostly a common bevel.
  • the conventional beveled wedge design does not exert a good anti-loose effect.
  • the area of the anti-loose washer of the common bevel design is effective. It only accounts for about 50% of the total slope area, and the failure phenomenon of the anti-loose gasket is not often prevented.
  • the present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a lock washer and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • a lock washer for a threaded joint includes an upper washer and a lower washer, the bottom of the upper washer being provided with a plurality of first ratchets distributed in a fan shape, the lower washer
  • the top portion is provided with a plurality of second ratchets that are wedged with the first ratchet teeth, and the first ratchet teeth have a wide surface that is in contact with the second ratchet teeth and a narrow surface that is smaller than the wide surface
  • the wide surface is a spiral surface formed by a spiral movement of a bus bar spaced from the axis around the axis, wherein a spiral angle of the wire at the middle diameter of the spiral surface is larger than the threaded connector a helix angle, wherein the helix surface is at a position on the helix surface equidistant from the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the first ratchet;
  • the top of the upper washer is provided with a first connection structure for connecting with the threade
  • the first attachment structure includes a plurality of third ratchet teeth that are fanned out for biting into the threaded connection, the second attachment structure including a plurality of sectors for biting into the surface of the workpiece.
  • the fourth ratchet of the distribution is a plurality of third ratchet teeth that are fanned out for biting into the threaded connection.
  • the helix angle of the wire at the mid-diameter of the helicoid is 0.05-0.45° greater than the helix angle of the threaded connector.
  • the apex angles ⁇ of the first ratchet and the second ratchet are each 70-150°, and the apex angle ⁇ of the third ratchet and the fourth ratchet are each 60-150°.
  • the tooth heights of the first ratchet and the second ratchet are each 80-300 micrometers, and the tooth heights of the third ratchet and the fourth ratchet are each 50-200 micrometers, wherein The tooth height is the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the ratchet.
  • the first ratchet wide face is an oblique helicoid
  • the complementary angle ⁇ of the angle between the bus bar and the axis is 0.3-0.8°.
  • the material of the lock washer is a zirconium based amorphous alloy.
  • a method of preparing a lock washer according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure includes: preparing the lock washer by a forging process or a semi-solid die casting process.
  • the step of preparing the lock washer by using a semi-solid die casting process includes: melting the alloy material into a semi-solid alloy; and feeding the obtained semi-solid alloy into a mold cavity for die casting.
  • the surface of the lock washer is subjected to a coating treatment that is at least one selected from the group consisting of a laser process, a physical vapor deposition process, and a chemical vapor deposition process.
  • the present disclosure has the following advantages:
  • the ratchet wide surface of the upper washer and the lower washer of the anti-loose washer is disposed as a helicoid surface, and the helix angle of the helix surface is larger than the thread elevation angle of the threaded connecting member, thereby improving the anti-loosening area Improve the anti-loose effect.
  • the wide surface of the ratchet washer ratchet of the present disclosure is preferably an oblique spiral surface, which can prevent the interference of the ratchet wide surface from being wedged, resulting in a problem of a reduction in the wedge area.
  • the anti-loose gasket of the present disclosure can be prepared by a semi-solid die casting molding process, thereby improving molding precision, smoothness, and roughness.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of a lock washer provided by the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of a helicoid provided by the present disclosure.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of the upper gasket provided by the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the upper gasket provided by the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of still another embodiment of the upper gasket provided by the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a region B of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 8 is a reference view of a state of use of a specific embodiment of the lock washer provided by the present disclosure.
  • orientation words such as “up, down, bottom, and top” used may refer to the direction of the drawing of FIG. 1 without the contrary, and the present disclosure is not applicable to the present disclosure when specifically used.
  • the distance in the present disclosure refers to the length of the shortest connection between the two components.
  • the present disclosure provides a lock washer 100 for a threaded connector 200, including an upper washer 1 and a lower washer 2, the bottom of which is provided with a plurality of first spines distributed in a fan shape
  • the tooth 3 the top of the lower washer 2 is provided with a plurality of second ratchets 4 which are wedged with the first ratchet 3, and the first ratchet 3 has a wide face 31 and an area smaller than the second ratchet 4 The narrow face 32 of the wide face 31.
  • the wide face 31 is a spiral surface formed by the spiral movement of the shaft 11 of the above-mentioned washer 1 in which the shaft 11 is an axis 11a, and the bus bar 12 spaced apart from the axis 11a is spirally moved about the axis 11a.
  • the spiral angle of the wire 13 at the center of the spiral surface is larger than that of the screw connector 200.
  • the helix angle of the helix is at a position on the helix surface equidistant from the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the first ratchet 3.
  • the helix angle of the threaded connection 200 specifically refers to the helix angle of the bolt.
  • the angle of the thread is: the angle between the tangent of the helix of the threaded connector 200 on the helix of the medium diameter cylinder and the plane perpendicular to the axis 11a.
  • the middle diameter cylinder is an imaginary cylinder formed by a radial diameter of the spiral surface of the screw connector 200 with the axial direction 11a as a rotation axis.
  • the wide face 31 of the upper washer 1 is a helicoidal surface. As shown in Fig. 2, the wire 13 at the inner diameter of the wide face 31 is a spiral.
  • the top of the upper washer 1 is provided with a first connecting structure 1a for connection with the threaded connection member 200; the bottom of the lower washer 2 is provided with a second connecting structure 2a for connection with the workpiece 300.
  • Wedge in the present disclosure means that the first ratchet 3 of the upper washer 1 and the second ratchet 4 of the lower washer 2 are fitted together.
  • the mechanism of action of the lock washer 100 of the present disclosure is as follows: When the threaded joint 200, the lock washer 100, and the workpiece 300 vibrate, the threaded joint 200 (such as a bolt and a nut) may first loosen, and due to the upper washer 1
  • the top of the top and bottom washers 2 are connected to the threaded connector 200 and the workpiece 300 by a connecting structure (the first connecting structure 1a and the second connecting structure 2a), respectively, so that the lower washer 2 is fixed relative to the workpiece 300, and the upper washer 1 It is relatively fixed to the threaded connection member 200, so that the lock washer 100 is loosened only on the wedge face between the upper washer 1 and the lower washer 2.
  • the spiral rising direction of the threaded connector 200 is the same, and the spiral angle of the wire 13 at the hemispherical diameter of the helix is larger than the helix angle of the threaded connector 200, preferably, the helix angle ratio of the wire 13 at the hemispherical diameter of the helicoid
  • the screw angle of the threaded connection member 200 is 0.05-0.45°, so that in the tooth height of one ratchet (the first ratchet 3 or the second ratchet 4), no matter how many degrees the threaded joint 200 and the helicoid are rotated, The distance in which the helicoidal surface rises (the washer loosening distance) is greater than the distance the threaded connector 200 rises (the loose
  • the threaded connection 200 can include a bolt and a nut, and the friction inside the threaded connection 200 is the friction of the contact surface between the bolt and the nut.
  • connection structure of the upper washer 1 and the screw connector 200, and the connection structure of the lower washer 2 and the workpiece 300 are not particularly limited, and conventional connection methods such as plugging, snapping, riveting, and welding may be employed, for example, as shown in FIG.
  • the first connecting structure 1a may include a plurality of third ratchet teeth 5 for squeezing into the threaded connection member 200
  • the second connecting structure 2a may include a plurality of portions for biting into the surface of the workpiece 300.
  • the hardness of the surface of the upper gasket 1 and the lower gasket 2 is greater than the hardness of the workpiece 300 and the threaded connector 200, and the appropriate pre-tightening force can be applied to the third ratchet 5 and the first when the lock washer 100 is used.
  • the four ratchets 6 are capable of biting into the workpiece 300 and the threaded connector 200. It is preferable that the number of the third ratchet 5 and the fourth ratchet 6 is larger than that of the first ratchet 3 and the second ratchet 4 to improve the joint strength of the third ratchet 5 and the fourth ratchet 6.
  • the helicoidal surface is well known to those skilled in the art. As shown in Fig. 2, the helicoidal surface of the present disclosure refers to a curved surface formed by the spiral movement of the busbar 12 along the central axis 11 and along the spiral. During the rotation, the busbar 12 is rotated. The trajectories of the upper points are all spirals, and the projection 14 of the wires 13 at the mid-plane of the spiral surface on the horizontal plane is circular.
  • the spiral surface is different from the existing spiral surface, and a central through hole penetrating the screwing member 200 is opened in the middle of the upper gasket 1 and the lower gasket 2, so that the spiral surface is partially missing at the near axis 11a.
  • the lock washer 100 of the present disclosure can be designed in a variety of sizes, and the length of the spiral face bus 12 can be designed according to the area of interaction with the threaded joint 200 and the workpiece 300, depending on the upper washer 1 and the lower
  • the inner diameter of the center through hole of the washer 2 is designed to be a distance from the axis 11a at the mid-diameter of the spiral surface, and the pitch of the helicoid can be designed according to the helix angle of the screw joint 200.
  • a bolt with a size of M10 may have a length of 4-4.1 mm, and a distance from the axis 11a of the helicoid may be 6.5-7.8 mm and a pitch of 2.0- 3.5 mm.
  • the tooth height of the ratchet is an important parameter of the ratchet and should be properly set.
  • the tooth height is the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point of the ratchet. It has been found through research that the tooth heights of the first ratchet 3 and the second ratchet 4 can each be 80-300 microns, preferably 100-200 microns, and third.
  • the tooth heights of the ratchet 5 and the fourth ratchet 6 may each be 50-200 microns, preferably 80-160 microns.
  • the tooth height of the ratchet can be determined by the number of ratchet teeth provided at the top of the upper washer 1 and the bottom of the lower washer 2 and the ratchet apex angle. For example, if ten first first ratchets 3 are provided at the bottom of the upper washer 1, the first The larger the apex angle of the ratchet 3, the lower the tooth height.
  • the apex angles ⁇ of the first ratchet 3 and the second ratchet 4 may each be 70-150°, preferably 80-110°, more preferably 90-100°, and the apex angle ⁇ .
  • the angle formed by the wide face 31 and the narrow face 32 is formed by the intersection of the wide face 31 and the narrow face 32 toward the wide face 31 and the narrow face 32, respectively, perpendicular to the radial direction of the washer.
  • the apex angles ⁇ of the third ratchet 5 and the fourth ratchet 6 may each be 60-150°, preferably 70-100°, more preferably 80-95°, and those skilled in the art may also set other ranges as needed.
  • the tooth height and the apex angle are not described in the present disclosure.
  • the tip of the ratchet (where the wide face 31 meets the narrow face 32) may be pre-polished or cut.
  • the effective wedge area of the lock washer 100 of the present disclosure can reach 65-75%, much higher than the existing defense
  • the wedged area of the loose washer 100 The wide face 31 between the upper washer 1 and the lower washer 2 having the same parameters of the first ratchet 3 and the second ratchet 4 is incomplete from the inside to the outside due to the difference in the helix angle at different diameters of the helicoidal radial direction. Wedge, creating interference problems. To solve this problem, as shown in FIGS.
  • the first ratchet 3 wide face 31 may be an oblique helicoid, and the complementary angle ⁇ of the angle between the bus bar 12 and the axis 11a may be 0.3-0.8°, that is, the wide face 31
  • the wide faces 31 of the two can have a larger contact area, which improves the upper surface.
  • the material of the existing lock washer 100 is generally an alloy steel material, and the surface hardness after molding is generally below 350 HV, and the surface needs to be at least one of heat treatment and coating to increase the hardness, increase the cost and the subsequent process.
  • the material of the lock washer 100 is preferably a zirconium-based alloy material, preferably a zirconium-based amorphous alloy.
  • the surface hardness of the zirconium-based amorphous alloy can reach 500 HV, so that for most of the anti-loosening environment, the lock washer 100 can be used without subsequent processing after molding.
  • the present disclosure also provides a method of preparing the lock washer 100, which comprises preparing the lock washer 100 using a forging process or a semi-solid die casting process.
  • the forging process is well known to those skilled in the art, and the lock washer 100 can be formed by a forging process using an alloy steel such as carbon steel or stainless steel.
  • Forging forming is to place the metal blank between the convex and concave molds fixed on the upper and lower tables of the press, and press the upper and lower worktables to press the concave and convex mold to pressurize the blanks into the desired shape.
  • the method is simple and easy to design. simple.
  • the disclosure preferably uses a semi-solid die casting process to prepare the lock washer 100.
  • the steps may include: a. melting the alloy material to be a semi-solid alloy; the semi-solid alloy may heat and melt the alloy material and then pour into the melt cylinder. Then, the molten alloy material is semi-solid by stirring or other methods capable of achieving the stirring effect, so that the semi-solid alloy becomes a solid-liquid mixed slurry in which a certain solid phase component is uniformly suspended, thereby having rheological characteristics and being easy to process. forming.
  • b The obtained semi-solid alloy is sent into the mold cavity for die-casting, and the molding process can be quickly pressed into the mold cavity by the hammer head driven by the injection rod for molding.
  • the anti-loose gasket 100 prepared by the semi-solid die-casting process has higher molding precision, clearer product outline, higher surface quality (higher finish and lower roughness). ), and the mold used has a higher life (50,000-70,000 molds), suitable for mass production.
  • the surface of the lock washer 100 may be subjected to a coating treatment, which may be selected from a laser process, a physical vapor deposition process, and a chemical vapor deposition process. At least one of the processes.
  • the coating treatment can be used to increase the hardness of the surface of the lock washer 100, so that the hardness of the lock washer 100 reaches 450 HV, and in some applications, the anti-corrosion performance requirement of the lock washer 100 is required. Higher, it is possible to carry out a coating treatment for improving the anticorrosive effect on the surface of the lock washer 100.
  • the gasket surface has a good bonding force with the coating material, the hardened coating formed is durable, and the lock washer 100 is made of a zirconium-based amorphous alloy as a material. It has excellent corrosion resistance and is comparable to the corrosion resistance of SUS304 stainless steel. Therefore, it can be used for a long time without preservative treatment in general use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于螺纹连接件(200)的防松垫圈(100)及其制备方法，防松垫圈(100)包括上垫圈(1)和下垫圈(2)，上垫圈(1)的底部设置有多个第一棘齿(3)，下垫圈(2)的顶部设置有多个第二棘齿(4)，第一棘齿(3)具有与第二棘齿(4)相贴合的宽面(31)，宽面(31)为以上垫圈(1)中轴(11)为轴线(11a)、由间隔轴线(11a)的母线(12)绕轴线(11a)螺旋运动所形成的螺旋面，螺旋面中径处的导线(13)的螺旋升角大于螺纹连接件(200)的螺旋升角。

Description

一种用于螺纹连接件的防松垫圈及其制备方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201711423470.9、申请日为2017年12月25日的中国专利申请提出，并要求上述中国专利申请的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及一种用于螺纹连接件的防松垫圈及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有组合式防松垫圈之间的楔合面多为普通斜面，该普通斜面楔合设计并不能很好地发挥防松效果，经计算，该种普通斜面设计的防松垫圈起作用的面积只占总斜面面积的50％左右，往往出现防松垫圈“不防松”的失效现象。
公开内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本公开的一个目的在于提出一种螺纹连接件的防松垫圈，所述防松垫圈具有更好的防松效果。
本公开的另一目的在于提出一种防松垫圈及其制备方法。
根据本公开第一方面实施例的用于螺纹连接件的防松垫圈，包括上垫圈和下垫圈，所述上垫圈的底部设置有多个呈扇形分布的第一棘齿，所述下垫圈的顶部设置有多个与所述第一棘齿相楔合的第二棘齿，所述第一棘齿具有与所述第二棘齿相贴合的宽面和面积小于该宽面的窄面，所述宽面为以上垫圈中轴为轴线、由间隔该轴线的母线绕所述轴线螺旋运动所形成的螺旋面，所述螺旋面中径处的导线的螺旋升角大于所述螺纹连接件的螺旋升角，所述螺旋面中径处为螺旋面上与第一棘齿内周和外周等距离的位置；所述上垫圈的顶部设置有用于与螺纹连接件相连的第一连接结构；所述下垫圈的底部设置有用于与工件相连的第二连接结构。
在一些实施例中，所述第一连接结构包括多个用于咬入螺纹连接件的呈扇形分布的第三棘齿，所述第二连接结构包括多个用于咬入工件表面的呈扇形分布的第四棘齿。
在一些实施例中，所述螺旋面中径处的导线的螺旋升角比螺纹连接件的螺旋升角大0.05-0.45°。
在一些实施例中，所述第一棘齿和第二棘齿的顶角α各自为70-150°，所述第三棘齿 和第四棘齿的顶角β各自为60-150°。
在一些实施例中，所述第一棘齿和第二棘齿的齿高各自为80-300微米，所述第三棘齿和第四棘齿的齿高各自为50-200微米，其中，齿高为棘齿最高点与最低点的竖直距离。
在一些实施例中，所述第一棘齿宽面为斜螺旋面，且所述母线与所述轴线夹角的余角θ为0.3-0.8°。
在一些实施例中，所述防松垫圈的材料为锆基非晶态合金。
根据本公开第二方面实施例的防松垫圈的制备方法，包括：采用锻压工艺或半固态压铸成型工艺进行制备所述防松垫圈。
在一些实施例中，采用半固态压铸成型工艺进行制备所述防松垫圈的步骤包括：将合金材料熔化后处理为半固态合金；将所得半固态合金送入模具型腔中进行压铸成型。
在一些实施例中，所述防松垫圈的表面经过涂层处理，所述涂层处理为选自激光工艺、物理气相沉积工艺和化学气相沉积工艺中的至少一种。
与现有技术相比，本公开具有如下优点：
1、本公开提供防松垫圈的上垫圈和下垫圈相楔合的棘齿宽面设置为螺旋面，且该螺旋面的螺旋升角大于螺纹连接件的螺纹升角，能够提高防松作用面积，提高防松效果。
2、本公开的防松垫圈棘齿的宽面优选为斜螺旋面，可以防止棘齿宽面楔合时出现干涉而导致楔合面积降低的问题。
3、本公开的防松垫圈可以采用半固态压铸成型工艺进行制备，从而提高了成型精度、光洁度，降低了粗糙度。
本公开的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
本公开的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本公开的实践了解到。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开，但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中：
图1是本公开提供的防松垫圈一种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
图2是本公开提供的螺旋面一种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
图3是本公开提供的上垫圈一种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
图4是本公开提供的上垫圈另一种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
图5是本公开提供的上垫圈又一种具体实施方式的结构示意图。
图6是图5中A-A向的截面示意图。
图7是图6是B区域的示意图。
图8是本公开提供的防松垫圈一种具体实施方式的使用状态参考图。
附图标记说明
100防松垫圈；200螺纹连接件；300工件；
11a轴线；1a；第一连接结构；2a第二连接结构；
1上垫圈；11中轴；12母线；
13导线；14投影；2下垫圈；
3第一棘齿；31宽面；32窄面；
4第二棘齿；5第三棘齿；6第四棘齿；
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开，并不用于限制本公开。
在本公开中，在未作相反说明的情况下，使用的方位词如“上、下、底、顶”可以参考图1的图面方向，本公开防松垫圈100具体使用时不受本公开描述的“上、下、底、顶”的限制。本公开中的距离是指两个部件之间的最短连线的长度。
如图1-6所示，本公开提供一种用于螺纹连接件200的防松垫圈100，包括上垫圈1和下垫圈2，上垫圈1的底部设置有多个呈扇形分布的第一棘齿3，下垫圈2的顶部设置有多个与第一棘齿3相楔合的第二棘齿4，第一棘齿3具有与第二棘齿4相贴合的宽面31和面积小于该宽面31的窄面32。宽面31为以上垫圈1中轴11为轴线11a、由间隔该轴线11a的母线12绕轴线11a螺旋运动所形成的螺旋面，螺旋面中径处的导线13的螺旋升角大于螺纹连接件200的螺旋升角，螺旋面中径处为螺旋面上与第一棘齿3内周和外周等距离的位置。
当螺纹连接件200包括螺栓和螺母时，螺纹连接件200的螺旋升角具体指的是螺栓的螺旋升角。
本公开中，螺纹升角为：螺纹连接件200的螺旋面在中径圆柱上螺旋线的切线与垂直于轴线11a的平面间的夹角。所述中径圆柱为以轴向11a为旋转轴，以螺纹连接件200的螺旋面的中径为直径而形成的假想圆柱体。上垫圈1的宽面31为螺旋面，如图2所示，宽面31中径处的导线13为螺旋线。
结合图8，上垫圈1的顶部设置有用于与螺纹连接件200相连的第一连接结构1a；下垫圈2的底部设置有用于与工件300相连的第二连接结构2a。本公开中楔合是指上垫圈1的第一棘齿3和下垫圈2的第二棘齿4相适应地啮合在一起。
本公开的防松垫圈100的作用机理如下：当螺纹连接件200、防松垫圈100和工件300发生震动时，螺纹连接件200(例如螺栓和螺帽)会首先发生松动，而由于上垫圈1的顶部和下垫圈2的底部分别通过连接结构(第一连接结构1a和第二连接结构2a)与螺纹连接件200和工件300相连，从而使下垫圈2与工件300相对固定，而上垫圈1与螺纹连接件200 相对固定，因此防松垫圈100仅在上垫圈1和下垫圈2之间的楔合面上发生松动。
如图1-4所示，由于上垫圈1底部的第一棘齿3和下垫圈2顶部的第二棘齿4相楔合，第一棘齿3螺旋面(宽面31)的螺旋上升方向与螺纹连接件200的螺旋上升方向相同，且螺旋面中径处的导线13的螺旋升角大于螺纹连接件200的螺旋升角，优选地，螺旋面中径处的导线13的螺旋升角比螺纹连接件200的螺旋升角大0.05-0.45°，从而使在一个棘齿(第一棘齿3或第二棘齿4)的齿高内，无论螺纹连接件200和螺旋面旋转多少角度，螺旋面上升的距离(垫圈松动距离)均大于螺纹连接件200上升的距离(螺纹连接件200松动距离)。由于固体不可压缩性，上垫圈1和下垫圈2的楔合面上会产生很大的压力，该压力会传导至螺纹连接件200上，提高螺纹连接件200内部的摩擦力，进而停止螺纹连接件200的松动或降低松动趋势。举例而言，螺纹连接件200可以包括螺栓和螺母，螺纹连接件200内部的摩擦力即为螺栓和螺母之间接触面的摩擦力。
本公开对上垫圈1与螺纹连接件200的连接结构、下垫圈2与工件300的连接结构并无特殊限定，可以采用插接、咬合、铆接和焊接等常规的连接方式，例如如图1-3所示，第一连接结构1a可以包括多个用于咬入螺纹连接件200的呈扇形分布的第三棘齿5，第二连接结构2a可以包括多个用于咬入工件300表面的呈扇形分布的第四棘齿6。在该种连接方式中，上垫圈1和下垫圈2表面的硬度大于工件300和螺纹连接件200的硬度，在防松垫圈100使用时可以外加适当的预紧力使第三棘齿5和第四棘齿6能够咬入工件300和螺纹连接件200中。优选第三棘齿5和第四棘齿6的数量均多于第一棘齿3和第二棘齿4，以提高第三棘齿5和第四棘齿6的连接强度。
螺旋面是本领域技术人员所熟知的，如图2所示，本公开的螺旋面是指母线12沿着中轴11并沿螺旋线作螺旋运动所形成的曲面，在旋转过程中，母线12上各点的轨迹均为螺旋线，螺旋面中径处的导线13在水平面上的投影14为圆形。本公开中螺旋面与现有螺旋面并不相同，在上垫圈1和下垫圈2中部开设有穿入螺纹连接件200的中心通孔，从而使螺旋面近轴线11a处部分缺失。
根据螺纹连接件200的尺寸，本公开的防松垫圈100可以设计为各种尺寸，可以根据与螺纹连接件200和工件300的作用面积设计螺旋面母线12的长度，可以根据上垫圈1和下垫圈2中心通孔的内径设计螺旋面中径处距离轴线11a的距离，可以根据螺纹连接件200的螺旋升角设计螺旋面的螺距。以规格为M10(即大径10毫米)的螺栓为例，螺旋面母线12长度可以为4-4.1毫米，螺旋面中径处距离轴线11a的距离可以为6.5-7.8毫米，螺距可以为2.0-3.5毫米。
根据本公开，棘齿的齿高为棘齿的重要参数，应当合理设置。齿高为棘齿最高点与最低点的竖直距离，经过研究发现，第一棘齿3和第二棘齿4的齿高可以各自为80-300微米，优选为100-200微米，第三棘齿5和第四棘齿6的齿高可以各自为50-200微米，优选为80-160微米。棘齿的齿高可以通过上垫圈1的顶部和下垫圈2的底部设置的棘齿的数量以 及棘齿顶角来确定，例如上垫圈1的底部设置十个第一棘齿3，则第一棘齿3的顶角越大，则齿高越低。
通常的，如图3所示，第一棘齿3和第二棘齿4的顶角α可以各自为70-150°，优选为80-110°，更优选为90-100°，顶角α为宽面31和窄面32所形成的夹角，该夹角由宽面31和窄面32交点处向宽面31和窄面32分别作垂直于垫圈径向的切线所形成。第三棘齿5和第四棘齿6的顶角β可以各自为60-150°，优选为70-100°，更优选为80-95°，本领域技术人员也可以根据需要设置其它范围的齿高和顶角，本公开不再赘述。另外，为了方便携带使用和提高磨损性能，棘齿的齿尖(宽面31与窄面32相交处)可以预先经过打磨或切削。
根据本公开，上垫圈1和下垫圈2之间的作用面越大，则二者连接越牢固，本公开防松垫圈100的有效楔合面积可以达到65-75％，远高于现有防松垫圈100的楔合面积。由于螺旋面径向的不同直径处的螺旋升角不同，使具有相同第一棘齿3和第二棘齿4参数的上垫圈1和下垫圈2之间的宽面31由内至外不能完全楔合，产生干涉问题。为了解决该问题，如图6-7所示，第一棘齿3宽面31可以为斜螺旋面，且母线12与轴线11a夹角的余角θ可以为0.3-0.8°，即宽面31沿径向从外至内逐渐凹陷，使得第二棘齿4的设计参数与第一棘齿3的设计参数相同时，二者的宽面31之间可以具有更大的接触面积，提高了上垫圈1和下垫圈2配合的稳定性和可靠性。
现有防松垫圈100的材料一般为合金钢材料，成型后表面硬度一般在350HV以下，表面需要进行热处理和涂覆涂层中的至少一种以提高硬度，增加了成本和后续工序。为了解决该问题，防松垫圈100的材料优选为锆基合金材料，优选为锆基非晶态合金。锆基非晶态合金的表面硬度可以达到500HV，从而对于大部分的防松环境，防松垫圈100可以无需进行成型后的后续处理即可使用。
本公开还提供所提供的防松垫圈100的制备方法，该制备方法包括：采用锻压工艺或半固态压铸成型工艺进行制备防松垫圈100。
根据本公开，锻压工艺是本领域技术人员所熟知的，防松垫圈100可以采用合金钢如碳钢或不锈钢材质通过锻压工艺成型。锻压成型是将金属坯料置于固定在压力机上下工作台的凸凹模之间，通过压力机上下工作台带动凹凸模合模加压，将坯料压制成所需形状，该方法简单易行，设计简单。
本公开优选采用半固态压铸成型工艺进行制备防松垫圈100，其步骤可以包括：a、将合金材料熔化后处理为半固态合金；半固态合金可以将合金材料加热熔化后倒入熔料筒中，然后通过搅拌或能达到搅拌效果的其它方法使熔化后的合金材料处于半固态，使半固态合金成为均匀地悬浮着一定固相组分的固液混合浆料，从而具有流变特性，易于加工成型。b、将所得半固态合金送入模具型腔中进行压铸成型，该成型过程可以通过压射杆所带动的锤头快速压入模具型腔中进行成型。
相比于锻压工艺所制备的防松垫圈100，通过半固态压铸成型工艺所制备的防松垫圈100，成型精度更高，产品轮廓更清晰，表面质量更高(光洁度更高，粗糙度更低)，且所用模具寿命更高(5万-7万模次)，适合大批量生产。
进一步地，为了适应特殊使用环境需要或者为了提高防松垫圈100的使用寿命，防松垫圈100的表面可以经过涂层处理，涂层处理可以为选自激光工艺、物理气相沉积工艺和化学气相沉积工艺中的至少一种。对于锻压成型的防松垫圈100，涂层处理可以用于提高防松垫圈100表面的硬度，使防松垫圈100的硬度达到450HV，另外在某些应用环境下，对防松垫圈100防腐性能要求较高，可以对防松垫圈100表面进行提高防腐效果的涂层处理。对于半固态压铸成型工艺制备的防松垫圈100，垫圈表面与涂层材料有良好的结合力，所形成的硬化涂层，经久耐用，而且采用锆基非晶态合金作为材料的防松垫圈100具有优越的耐腐蚀性能，可媲美SUS304不锈钢材质耐腐蚀性能，因此在一般用途中可以无需做防腐处理就能长时间使用。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式，但是，本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本公开的技术构思范围内，可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本公开的思想，其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于螺纹连接件(200)的防松垫圈(100)，包括上垫圈(1)和下垫圈(2)，所述上垫圈(1)的底部设置有多个呈扇形分布的第一棘齿(3)，所述下垫圈(2)的顶部设置有多个与所述第一棘齿(3)相楔合的第二棘齿(4)，所述第一棘齿(3)具有与所述第二棘齿(4)相贴合的宽面(31)和面积小于所述宽面(31)的窄面(32)，所述宽面(31)为以上垫圈(1)中轴(11)为轴线(11a)、由间隔所述轴线(11a)的母线(12)绕所述轴线(11a)螺旋运动所形成的螺旋面，所述螺旋面中径处的导线(13)的螺旋升角大于所述螺纹连接件(200)的螺旋升角，所述螺旋面中径处为螺旋面上与第一棘齿(3)内周和外周等距离的位置；所述上垫圈(1)的顶部设置有用于与所述螺纹连接件(200)相连的第一连接结构(1a)；所述下垫圈(2)的底部设置有用于与工件(300)相连的第二连接结构(2a)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防松垫圈，其中，所述第一连接结构(1a)包括多个用于咬入所述螺纹连接件(200)的呈扇形分布的第三棘齿(5)，所述第二连接结构(2a)包括多个用于咬入所述工件(300)表面的呈扇形分布的第四棘齿(6)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的防松垫圈，其中，所述螺旋面中径处的所述导线(13)的螺旋升角比所述螺纹连接件(200)的螺旋升角大0.05-0.45°。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的防松垫圈，其中，所述第一棘齿(3)和第二棘齿(4)的顶角α各自为70-150°，所述第三棘齿(5)和第四棘齿(6)的顶角β各自为60-150°。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的防松垫圈，其中，所述第一棘齿(3)和第二棘齿(4)的齿高各自为80-300微米，所述第三棘齿(5)和第四棘齿(6)的齿高各自为50-200微米，其中，所述齿高为相应棘齿最高点与最低点的竖直距离。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的防松垫圈，其中，所述第一棘齿(3)的所述宽面(31)为斜螺旋面，且所述母线(12)与所述轴线(11a)夹角的余角θ为0.3-0.8°。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的防松垫圈，其中，所述防松垫圈的材料为锆基非晶态合金。
  8. 权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的防松垫圈的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：采用锻压工艺或半固态压铸成型工艺进行制备所述防松垫圈。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其中，采用半固态压铸成型工艺进行制备所述防松垫圈的步骤包括：
    将合金材料熔化后处理为半固态合金；
    将所得半固态合金送入模具型腔中进行压铸成型。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的制备方法，其中，所述防松垫圈的表面经过涂层处理，所述涂层处理为选自激光工艺、物理气相沉积工艺和化学气相沉积工艺中的至少一种。
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