WO2019128428A1 - 一种氧烛 - Google Patents

一种氧烛 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019128428A1
WO2019128428A1 PCT/CN2018/111901 CN2018111901W WO2019128428A1 WO 2019128428 A1 WO2019128428 A1 WO 2019128428A1 CN 2018111901 W CN2018111901 W CN 2018111901W WO 2019128428 A1 WO2019128428 A1 WO 2019128428A1
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Prior art keywords
oxygen candle
oxygen
candle
housing
filter
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PCT/CN2018/111901
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
文新国
马爱平
Original Assignee
陕西斯达防爆安全科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 陕西斯达防爆安全科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 陕西斯达防爆安全科技股份有限公司
Priority to US16/763,931 priority Critical patent/US11559707B2/en
Publication of WO2019128428A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019128428A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0203—Preparation of oxygen from inorganic compounds
    • C01B13/0218—Chlorate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/08—Respiratory apparatus containing chemicals producing oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B21/00—Devices for producing oxygen from chemical substances for respiratory apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0296—Generators releasing in a self-sustaining way pure oxygen from a solid charge, without interaction of it with a fluid nor external heating, e.g. chlorate candles or canisters containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/06—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/12—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of solid chemical oxygen self-rescuer devices, in particular to an initial oxygen source starting device for a chemical oxygen self-rescuer, in particular to an oxygen candle with a pull-type starting device.
  • the oxygen generator is equipped with an oxygen candle in a container with a venting opening, and a mechanical starting device for triggering the release of oxygen is placed on the upper part of the container.
  • the device strikes the fire cap by mechanical striking, and the fire cap generates high temperature, which ignites the oxygen candle in the container, so that a high concentration of oxygen is generated from top to bottom.
  • a mechanical start has a complicated mechanical structure, and the assembly takes time, the cost of the fire cap is high, and the steel needle is liable to fall off, and an open flame is generated.
  • the present invention provides an oxygen candle.
  • the invention firstly provides an oxygen candle starting device, which comprises a wire rod and a fire cap.
  • the wire column has a wire drawing hole in the axial direction of the wire drawing column, and a flame cap cavity is opened inside one end of the wire drawing column, and the wire is pulled.
  • the inside of the other end of the column is provided with a fireproof cavity, and the wire hole passes through the fireproof cavity and the fire cap cavity; the fire cap is installed in the fire cap cavity, and the fireproof cavity is filled with sand particles.
  • the fire cap of the present invention includes a tension spring that passes through the wire hole.
  • the fire chamber of the present invention is encapsulated by a rubber plug that is mounted by a top wire that passes through the rubber and the top wire.
  • the oxygen candle provided by the present invention comprises an oxygen candle starting device and an oxygen generator, wherein the oxygen candle starting device is the oxygen candle starting device of the present invention, and the oxygen generator comprises a charging housing, the charging a through hole is defined in the top of the housing, and an air outlet hole is defined in the bottom of the charging housing, and a filter body is installed at the air outlet hole; the fire cap of the oxygen candle starting device passes through the through hole and the oxygen candle In contact, the oxygen candle generator is sealingly coupled to the charge housing, and the filter body is sealingly coupled to the air outlet.
  • the oxygen candle starting device is the oxygen candle starting device of the present invention
  • the oxygen generator comprises a charging housing, the charging a through hole is defined in the top of the housing, and an air outlet hole is defined in the bottom of the charging housing, and a filter body is installed at the air outlet hole; the fire cap of the oxygen candle starting device passes through the through hole and the oxygen candle In contact, the oxygen candle generator is sealingly coupled to the charge housing, and the filter body is sealingly coupled to the air outlet
  • the charging housing of the present invention is provided with an oxygen candle, and an insulating cotton is disposed between the inner wall of the charging casing and the oxygen candle.
  • the filter body of the present invention comprises a filter housing, the filter housing is provided with an air inlet at the top, the bottom is provided with an air outlet, and the filter housing is provided with a filter layer, the filter housing and the charging shell Body sealed connection.
  • the filter housing of the present invention includes an upper cover and an lower housing, the upper cover is provided with an air inlet, and the bottom of the lower housing is provided with an air outlet.
  • moisture-proof cotton is disposed between the upper cover and the filter layer of the present invention, and moisture-proof cotton is disposed between the filter layer and the bottom of the lower casing.
  • a carrier web is disposed between the upper cover of the present invention and the oxygen candle generator, and the carrier web is provided with a vent hole, and the carrier web is provided with a protrusion.
  • the charge housing of the present invention is filled with an oxygen candle
  • the oxygen candle comprises an absorbing flammable layer, a heat generating layer and a main candle body layer
  • the heat generating layer is disposed on the absorbing flammable layer and the main candle body Between layers;
  • the mass of the main body is made up of 90% to 96% chlorate, 1.5% to 5% catalyst, 0 to 3% fuel, 1.5% to 2.5% binder and 0.5% to 1.5% stabilizer.
  • the heat generating layer is made of 70% to 80% chlorate, 5% to 15% catalyst, 5% to 12% fuel and 3.0% to 6.0% binder;
  • the fuel layer is made of 5% to 15% fuel, 80% to 90% strontium chromate, 3% to 5% binder and 0 to 1% chlorate;
  • the catalyst is cobalt oxide, MnO2 and titanium oxide.
  • the main candle body layer catalyst is used in an amount of 4 to 5 times the amount of the heat generating layer catalyst;
  • the fuel is a mixture of magnesium powder, titanium powder, cobalt powder, zirconium powder or a mixture of two or more
  • the chlorate is sodium chlorate or potassium chlorate;
  • the binder is one or a combination of two or more of kaolin, glass fiber, ceramic fiber and diatomaceous earth;
  • the stabilizer is potassium perchlorate, One or a combination of two or more of sodium perchlorate and microsilica.
  • the oxygen candle of the present invention adopts a drawing type oxygen candle device, which simplifies the existing oxygen candle mechanical starting structure, avoids the false start of the steel needle falling off, and improves the reliability.
  • the oxygen candle of the present invention uses a friction heat generating ignition cap to reduce the cost of the oxygen candle aerator.
  • the fire candle and the rubber stopper are arranged above the oxygen candle cap of the present invention, and the heat is damped to prevent heat loss and post-sparking during the ignition of the oxygen candle.
  • the oxygen candle of the present invention adopts a pull-type structure, and the ignition time is shortened by adjusting the number of coil springs, thereby improving the reliability and safety performance of the oxygen candle drop and rolling test.
  • the carrier net is placed between the oxygen candle main body and the filter layer of the present invention, and when the oxygen candle generates oxygen, the oxygen flow resistance is effectively reduced, and the amount of oxygen required for emergency first aid is ensured.
  • the heat insulating material selected by the invention reduces heat loss and greatly reduces the temperature of the oxygen candle shell.
  • the oxygen candle body of the present invention is compounded using a high-efficiency catalyst, and the chlorate is decomposed continuously at a low temperature according to the activation energy temperature of the catalyst.
  • MnO2 can purify the purity of oxygen; there is no chlorine removal agent in the oxygen candle formula to reduce the cost; at the same time, the oxygen candle structure has three layers to improve the reliability of the oxygen candle.
  • the flammable layer is composed of a stripping metal powder and a bismuth salt, which can effectively absorb harmful nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide, thereby improving oxygen purity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an oxygen candle according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of the fire cap of the embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the filter body of the embodiment
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the structure between the oxygen candle generator and the filter body
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the structure of the carrier plate of Figure 4.
  • the fire cap of the present invention may employ a fire cap of a cylindrical structure such as a cylinder.
  • the fire cap structure diagram shown in FIG. 2 is composed of a fire cap shell 153, a fire cap medicine 152, and a tension spring 151.
  • the fire cap shell 153 is a cylindrical shell for protecting the fire cap medicine 152, the upper bottom surface has a small hole, and the lower bottom surface is open; the fire cap shell 153 is placed on the pull rod column fire cap cavity 154, and the tension spring 151 passes through the fire cap medicine 152 and the wire hole.
  • the fire chamber 154 is similar to the cylindrical cavity of the fire cap 153; the wire hole 155 is the same hole as the bottom surface of the fire cap 153, and can be smoothly pulled out with the tension spring. Under the action of external force, the moment when the tension spring is straightened, friction with the fire cap medicine, thereby igniting the fire cap.
  • the tension spring 151 of the invention passes through the fireproof sand, and the fire cap ignites the fire sand to generate heat damping to prevent post-fire. Further rubber plugs block the gas from escaping.
  • the rubber plug material can be selected from the group consisting of nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and fluorine rubber.
  • the heat insulating cotton of the invention can adopt silica aerogel insulation cotton to reduce heat loss and greatly reduce the temperature of the oxygen candle shell.
  • the carrier plate between the oxygen candle of the invention and the filter layer reduces the resistance to oxygen flow.
  • the carrier net can be made of stainless steel, which is mainly used to reduce airflow resistance;
  • the filter layer of the invention can adopt a mixed filter layer, which can be composed of coal and alkali metal peroxide (for example: sodium peroxide), and the filter material developed by the heating and grinding mixing process can effectively absorb harmful gases such as CO and CO2. .
  • a mixed filter layer which can be composed of coal and alkali metal peroxide (for example: sodium peroxide)
  • the filter material developed by the heating and grinding mixing process can effectively absorb harmful gases such as CO and CO2.
  • the oxygen candle starting device of the embodiment includes a wire rod 17 and a fire cap 15.
  • the wire rod has a wire hole 155 in the axial direction of the wire column, and the inside of one end of the wire column 17 is provided with a fire.
  • the cap cavity 154 has a fireproof cavity inside the other end of the wire column, and the wire hole passes through the fireproof cavity and the fire cap cavity; the fire cap 15 is installed in the fire cap cavity, and the fireproof cavity is encapsulated with the fireproof sand 16.
  • the fire cap is composed of a fire cap shell 153, a fire cap medicine 152, and a tension spring 151.
  • the fire cap 153 is a cylindrical shell for protecting the fire cap medicine 152.
  • the upper bottom surface has a small hole, and the lower bottom surface is open; the fire cap shell 153 is placed in the pull rod cylinder fire chamber 154, and the tension spring 151 passes through the fire cap medicine 152 and the pull wire.
  • the hole 155; the fire chamber 154 is similar to the cylindrical cavity of the fire cap 153; the wire hole 155 is the same hole as the bottom surface of the fire cap 153, and can be smoothly pulled out with the tension spring.
  • the end of the tension spring is provided with a bracelet 11 .
  • the fire chamber is encapsulated by a rubber plug 13 that is mounted by a top wire 12 with a wire hole that passes through the rubber plug and the top wire.
  • the bottom surface of the shell is left with a small hole of the same size as the bottom surface.
  • the tension spring is made of a copper wire or a wire.
  • the oxygen candle of this embodiment includes an oxygen candle starting device, an oxygen candle generator, and a filter body.
  • the oxygen candle generator is mounted below the oxygen candle activation device and is hermetically connected.
  • the filter body is mounted below the oxygen candle generator and, similarly, the two are sealed.
  • the oxygen generator comprises a charging housing 22, the top of the charging housing 22 is provided with a through hole, the bottom of the charging housing 22 is provided with an air outlet, and the filter body is installed at the air outlet; the fire cap of the oxygen candle starting device passes through the through hole In contact with the oxygen candle, the pull rod of the oxygen candle starting device is sealingly connected to the charging housing, and the filter body is sealingly connected with all the air outlets.
  • the bottom of the pull column and the charging shell can be welded to achieve a sealing effect.
  • an oxygen candle 18 is contained within the charge housing, and an insulating cotton 20 is disposed between the inner wall of the charge housing and the oxygen candle.
  • the filter body of this embodiment comprises a filter housing 23, the top of the filter housing is provided with an air inlet, the bottom is provided with an air outlet 24, and the filter housing is provided with a filter layer 21, and the filter housing is sealed with the charging housing. .
  • the tension spring 151 of the present invention is pulled out by the pull ring, and the tension spring and the fire cap medicine are rubbed to generate heat to ignite the ignition drug, and the high-energy flame fire sand generated in an instant is thermally damped and the oxygen candle is ignited.
  • the body releases a high concentration of oxygen.
  • the filter housing 23 includes an upper cover 130 and a lower housing 118.
  • the upper cover is provided with an air inlet
  • the bottom of the lower housing is provided with an air outlet 24.
  • a moisture-proof cotton 117 is disposed between the upper cover 130 and the filter layer 21, and moisture-proof cotton is disposed between the filter layer and the bottom of the lower casing.
  • a carrier net 19 is disposed between the upper cover 130 and the oxygen candle generator, and a vent hole 191 is defined in the carrier net 19, and the carrier net is provided Raised 193.
  • an insulating cotton 192 may be disposed between the carrier web 19 and the oxygen candle generator.
  • the oxygen candle instantly produces a high concentration of oxygen through the carrier web as shown in Figure 4, effectively reducing the resistance of the gas to the filter layer.
  • an oxygen candle with a drawing structure is adopted, which conforms to the AQ-1057 standard design.
  • Absorbing flammable layer a total of 10g, the proportion of each component is (mass percentage): chlorate 0.2%, magnesium powder 10%, strontium chromate 85%, kaolin 4.8%;
  • the heating body layer was 52.1 g, and the ratio was (mass percentage) 73% sodium chlorate, 4% cobalt tetraoxide, 6% manganese dioxide, 5% iron powder, 7% cobalt powder, and 5% kaolin.
  • the main candle body layer was 300.05 g, and the ratio was (mass percentage) sodium chlorate 95%, potassium perchlorate 0.5%, cobalt trioxide 0.7%, manganese dioxide 0.8%, cobalt powder 1.0%, and kaolin 2.0%.
  • the oxygen candle can be started normally, the catalyst Co 3 O 4 /MnO 2 is compounded, the oxygen candle is stable and does not flow, and the performance indexes are in compliance with the AQ-1057 standard.
  • the heating body layer was 59.12 g, the ratio was (mass percentage) sodium chlorate 76%, tricobalt tetroxide 5%, manganese dioxide 5%, iron powder 3%, cobalt powder 6%, and kaolin 5%.
  • the main body layer is 285g, the ratio is (mass percentage) 95.5% sodium chlorate, 0.7% potassium perchlorate, 0.7% cobalt trioxide, 0.9% manganese dioxide, 0.5% cobalt powder, and 1.7% kaolin.
  • the oxygen candle can be started normally, the catalyst Co 3 O 4 /MnO 2 is compounded, the oxygen candle is stable and does not flow, and the performance indexes are in compliance with the AQ-1057 standard.
  • the heating body layer was 48.5 g, and the ratio was (mass percentage) sodium silicate 77%, tricobalt tetroxide 6%, manganese dioxide 5.5%, iron powder 4%, magnesium powder 2.5%, and kaolin 5%.
  • the main body layer was 300.01g, the ratio was (mass percentage) sodium chlorate 94.4%, potassium perchlorate 1.0%, cobalt trioxide 0.9%, manganese dioxide 1.2%, magnesium powder 1.0%, kaolin 1.4%.
  • the oxygen candle can be started normally, the catalyst Co 3 O 4 /MnO 2 is compounded, the oxygen candle is stable and does not flow, and the performance indexes are in compliance with the AQ-1057 standard.
  • the proportion of absorbing flammable layer is the same as that in the third embodiment.
  • the proportion of the heating body layer is the same as in the first embodiment
  • the main body layer is 295 g, the ratio is (mass percentage) sodium chlorate 93.5%, potassium perchlorate 1.5%, tricobalt tetroxide 1.1%, manganese dioxide 1.3%, magnesium powder 1.1%, kaolin 1.5%.
  • the oxygen candle can be started normally, the catalyst Co 3 O 4 /MnO 2 is compounded, the oxygen candle is stable and does not flow, and the performance indexes are in compliance with the AQ-1057 standard.
  • the proportion of absorbing flammable layer is the same as that in Example 2;
  • the proportion of the heating body layer is the same as in the third embodiment.
  • the main body layer 320g the ratio (mass percentage) of sodium chlorate 92.6%, potassium perchlorate 1.2%, cobalt trioxide 1.0%, manganese dioxide 1.5%, cobalt powder 1.5%, magnesium powder 1.0%, kaolin 2.2%.
  • the oxygen candle can be started normally, the catalyst Co 3 O 4 /MnO 2 is compounded, the oxygen candle is stable and does not flow, and the performance indexes are in compliance with the AQ-1057 standard.
  • the mixed heating body layer is added, pre-compression molding, and the flammable layer component is added after combustion to form a demoulding.
  • the formed oxygen candle was placed in an oven at 120 ° C for 30 min, and was equipped into a complete oxygen generating device, which was thermostated at -20 ° C, 25 ° C, and 60 ° C for 2 h to detect whether the oxygen candle could be started smoothly.
  • the decomposition temperature of the oxygen candle oxygen generator of the present invention is lower than 200 ° C, and the temperature rise of the outer casing is lower than 130 ° C. According to the oxygen release amount and the change of the oxygen candle before and after combustion, the effective oxygen release amount/weight ratio is 39% to 41%.

Abstract

提供一种氧烛启动装置，包括拉线柱（17）和火帽（15），拉线柱内沿拉线柱的轴向开设有拉线孔（155），拉线柱一端的内部开设有火帽腔（154），拉线柱另一端的内部开设有防火腔，拉线孔穿过防火腔和火帽腔；该火帽安装在火帽腔中，防火腔中封装有沙粒（16）。还提供一种氧烛，包括该氧烛启动装置和氧气发生器；氧气发生器包括装药壳体，装药壳体顶部开设有通孔，底部开设有出气孔，出气孔处安装有过滤体；氧烛启动装置的火帽通过通孔与氧烛药接触，氧气发生器与装药壳体密封连接，过滤体与出气孔密封连接。该氧烛采用拉拔式启动装置，简化了现有氧烛的启动结构，从而避免钢针脱落造成的误启动，提高了可靠性。

Description

一种氧烛 技术领域
本发明属于固体化学氧自救器设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种化学氧自救器初始氧源启动装置，特别是一种具有拉拔式启动装置的氧烛。
背景技术
现在氧气发生器是在有开设出气孔的容器中安置氧烛，在容器上部设置一个能引发释放氧气的机械启动装置。该装置通过机械打击式撞击火帽，火帽产生高温，引燃容器中氧烛，使得从上而下产生高浓度的氧气。但此种机械启动存在机械结构复杂，组装费时，火帽成本高，容易出现钢针脱落，有明火产生。
发明内容
针对现有技术的缺陷或不足，本发明提供了一种氧烛。
本发明首先提供了一种氧烛启动装置，其包括拉线柱和火帽，所述拉线柱内沿拉线柱的轴向开设有拉线孔，所述拉线柱一端的内部开设有火帽腔，拉线柱另一端的内部开设有防火腔，所述拉线孔穿过所述防火腔和火帽腔；所述火帽安装在火帽腔中，所述防火腔中封装有沙粒。
本发明的火帽包括拉簧，所述拉簧穿过所述拉线孔。
本发明的防火腔由橡胶塞封装，所述橡胶塞由顶丝安装，所述拉线孔穿过橡胶和顶丝。
本发明提供的氧烛包括氧烛启动装置和氧气发生器，其特征在于，所述氧烛启动装置为本发明的氧烛启动装置，所述氧气发生器包括装药壳体，所述装药壳体顶部开设有通孔，所述装药壳体底部开设有出气孔， 所述出气孔处安装有过滤体；所述氧烛启动装置的火帽通过所述通孔与所述氧烛药接触，所述氧烛发生器与所述装药壳体密封连接，所述过滤体与所述出气孔密封连接。
进一步，本发明的装药壳体内装有氧烛药，所述装药壳体内壁与氧烛药之间设有隔热棉。
有些实施方案中，本发明的过滤体包括过滤壳体，过滤壳体顶部设有进气口，底部设有出气孔，过滤壳体内装有过滤层，所述过滤壳体与所述装药壳体密封连接。
某些实施方案中，本发明的过滤壳体包括上盖和下壳体，所述上盖上开设有进气口，所述下壳体底部开设有出气孔，
进一步的实施方案中，本发明的上盖与过滤层之间设有防潮棉，所述过滤层与下壳体底部之间设有防潮棉。
有些实施方案中，本发明的上盖与氧烛发生器之间设有承板网，所述承板网上开设有通气孔，所述承板网上设有凸起。
优选方案中，本发明的装药壳体内装有氧烛药，所述氧烛药包括吸收易燃层、发热层和主烛体层；所述发热层设置在吸收易燃层与主烛体层之间；
按质量百分比计，主烛体层由90％～96％氯酸盐，1.5％～5％催化剂，0～3％燃料，1.5％～2.5％粘结剂和0.5％～1.5％稳固剂制成；按质量百分比计，发热层由70％～80％氯酸盐，5％～15％催化剂，5％～12％燃料和3.0％～6.0％粘结剂制成；按质量百分比计，吸收易燃层由5％～15％燃料，80％～90％铬酸钡，3％～5％粘结剂和0～1％氯酸盐制成；所述催化剂为氧化钴、 MnO2和氧化钛中的两种以上的组合物；所述主烛体层催化剂用量是发热层催化剂用量的4～5倍；所述燃料为镁粉、钛粉、钴粉、锆粉一种或两种以上的混合物；所述氯酸盐为氯酸钠或氯酸钾；所述粘结剂为高岭土、玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维和硅藻土中的一种或两种以上的组合物；所述稳固剂为高氯酸钾、高氯酸钠和微硅粉中的一种或两种以上的组合物。
相对于现有技术，本发明的优点：
(1)本发明的氧烛采用拉拔式氧烛装置，简化了现有氧烛机械启动结构，避免钢针脱落误启动，提高了可靠性。
(2)本发明的氧烛采用摩擦生热引燃火帽，降低了氧烛生氧器成本。
(3)本发明的氧烛火帽上方有防火沙和橡胶塞，起热量阻尼，防止氧烛引燃过程中热量散失、后喷火等现象。
(4)本发明的氧烛采用拉拔式结构，通过调整拉簧圈数缩短引燃时间，提高了氧烛跌落和滚动实验可靠性能和安全性能。
(5)本发明的氧烛主体与过滤层之间放置承板网，在氧烛产生氧气时，有效降低了氧气流动阻力，保证达到应急急救所需的氧气量。
(6)本发明选用的隔热材料，减小了热量损失，大大降低了氧烛外壳温度。
(7)本发明的氧烛药体使用高效催化剂复配，根据不同催化剂活化能温度，使氯酸盐低温分解连续。同时配方中MnO2可以净化氧气纯度；氧烛配方中无除氯剂，降低成本；同时氧烛结构有三层组成，提高氧烛启动可靠性。其中易燃层由活剥金属粉末及钡酸盐组成，能够有效吸收有害气体氮氧化物和二氧化碳，从而提高氧气纯度。
附图说明
图1为本发明氧烛的结构示意图；
图2为实施例火帽局部放大图；
图3为实施例过滤体结构示意图；
图4为氧烛发生器与过滤体之间的结构放大图；
图5为图4中承板结构放大图。
具体实施方式
本发明的火帽可采用柱体结构(例如圆柱体)的火帽。例如图2所示火帽结构图，该火帽由火帽壳153、火帽药152、拉簧151组成。其中火帽壳153是保护火帽药152的圆柱壳，上底面有一小孔，下底面敞口；火帽壳153放置在拉线柱火帽腔154，拉簧151穿过火帽药152和拉线孔155；火帽腔154与火帽壳153相似的圆柱腔；拉线孔155是与火帽壳153上底面相同的孔，能够是和拉簧顺利拔出。在外力作用下，拉簧被拉直的瞬间与火帽药产生摩擦，从而引燃火帽。
本发明拉簧151穿过防火沙，火帽点燃防火沙起热量阻尼，防止后喷火。进一步橡胶塞封堵气体逸出。橡胶塞材质可选用丁腈橡胶、氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶、氟橡胶的一种。
本发明的隔热棉可采用二氧化硅气凝胶隔热棉，减小热量损失，大大降低了氧烛外壳温度。
本发明的氧烛药与过滤层之间承板网，降低了氧气流动阻力。承板网可选用不锈钢材质，主要用于降低气流阻力；
本发明的过滤层可采用混合型过滤层，可由触煤和碱金属过氧化物 (例如：过氧化钠)组成，经加热、研磨混合工艺研制的过滤材料，能够有效吸收CO和CO2等有害气体。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明技术方案进行清楚地、完整地描述，显然，这只是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实例中实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性的前提下，所获得的其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
如图1和图2所示，该实施例的氧烛启动装置包括拉线柱17和火帽15，拉线柱内沿拉线柱的轴向开设有拉线孔155，拉线柱17一端的内部开设有火帽腔154，拉线柱另一端的内部开设有防火腔，拉线孔穿过所述防火腔和火帽腔；火帽15安装在火帽腔中，防火腔中封装有防火沙16。
火帽由火帽壳153、火帽药152、拉簧151组成。其中火帽壳153是保护火帽药152的圆柱壳，上底面有一小孔，下底面敞口；火帽壳153放置在拉线柱火帽腔154中，拉簧151穿过火帽药152和拉线孔155；火帽腔154与火帽壳153相似的圆柱腔；拉线孔155是与火帽壳153上底面相同的孔，能够是和拉簧顺利拔出。
为方便操作，在有些实施方式中，拉簧端部设有手环11。
在有些具体实施方式中，防火腔由橡胶塞13封装，橡胶塞由顶丝12安装，其中的拉线孔穿过橡胶塞和顶丝。
在参数选择上，火帽的具体尺寸可选择：直径D＝5±0.01mm的铜制圆柱体，上底面敞开，下底面带有0.5±0.01mm粗细的小孔；火帽药装 在火帽壳下底面并留有和下底面一样大小的小孔。所选的，拉簧线径d＝0.5±0.01mm，一端连接拉环，另一端饶有3～5圈，直径为5mm的拉簧。拉簧材质为铜丝或铁丝的一种。
实施例2：
如图1所示，该实施例的氧烛包括氧烛启动装置、氧烛发生器和过滤体。
氧烛发生器安装在氧烛启动装置下方，并且二者密封连接，过滤体安装在氧烛发生器下方，同样，二者密封连接。
氧气发生器包括装药壳体22，装药壳体22顶部开设有通孔，装药壳体22底部开设有出气孔，出气孔处安装有过滤体；氧烛启动装置的火帽通过通孔与所述氧烛药接触，氧烛启动装置的拉线柱与装药壳体密封连接，过滤体与所有出气孔密封连接。其中，拉线柱底部与装药壳体可焊接，达到密封效果。
在一些更加具体的实施方式中，装药壳体内装有氧烛药18，装药壳体内壁与氧烛药之间设有隔热棉20。
该实施例的过滤体包括过滤壳体23，过滤壳体顶部设有进气口，底部设有出气孔24，过滤壳体内装有过滤层21，过滤壳体与所述装药壳体密封连接。
使用时，通过拉环将本发明图1中拉簧151拔出，拉簧与火帽药发生摩擦，产生热量引燃引燃药，瞬间产生的高能量火焰防火沙进行热量阻尼，点燃氧烛体放出高浓度的氧气。
在有些实施方式中，如图3所示，过滤壳体23包括上盖130和下壳 体118，上盖上开设有进气口，下壳体底部开设有出气孔24。优选的方案中，如图4所示，上盖130与过滤层21之间设有防潮棉117，过滤层与下壳体底部之间设有防潮棉。更优选的方案中，如图4和图5所示，上盖130与氧烛发生器之间设有承板网19，承板网19上开设有通气孔191，所述承板网上设有凸起193。更有的方案中，承板网19与氧烛发生器之间可设隔热棉192。
氧烛瞬间产生高浓度的氧气透过承板网如图4所示，有效降低气体流动到过滤层的阻力。瞬间产生高浓度的氧气通过隔热棉192，经过带有网孔191和凸台193的承板网19，沿过滤层上盖130进入过滤层，通过过滤层吸收气体中含有的有害气体组分，沿出气孔放出氧气。
根据本发明实施例实验，采用具有拉拔式结构氧烛，符合AQ-1057标准设计。
具体实验结果：
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000002
实施例3：
吸收易燃层共10g，各组分比例为(质量百分数)：氯酸盐0.2％，镁粉10％，铬酸钡85％，高岭土4.8％；
发热体层52.1g，比例为(质量百分数)氯酸钠73％，四氧化三钴4％，二氧化锰6％，铁粉5％，钴粉7％，高岭土5％。
主烛体层300.05g，比例为(质量百分数)氯酸钠95％，高氯酸钾0.5％，四氧化三钴0.7％，二氧化锰0.8％，钴粉1.0％，高岭土2.0％。首先将氯酸盐在120℃的红外烘箱中干燥30～60min，然后用球磨机和双螺旋混合机与其他称量好的物料搅拌混合均匀，加入一定量的浓度为0.5～2％的NaCrO 4水溶液充分混合，脱模压制成φ＝20mm，H＝23mm的产氧药块；经120℃红外干燥箱干燥1h。
实验结果：氧烛能够正常启动，催化剂Co 3O 4/MnO 2复配，氧烛燃烧稳定，不流淌，检测各项性能指标符合AQ-1057标准。
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000004
实施例4：
吸收易燃层15g，比例为(质量百分数)：氯酸盐0.5％，镁粉10％，铬酸钡84.5％，高岭土5％；
发热体层59.12g，比例为(质量百分数)氯酸钠76％，四氧化三钴5％，二氧化锰5％，铁粉3％，钴粉6％，高岭土5％。
主烛体层285g，比例为(质量百分数)氯酸钠95.5％，高氯酸钾0.7％，四氧化三钴0.7％，二氧化锰0.9％，钴粉0.5％，高岭土1.7％。首先将氯酸盐在120℃的红外烘箱中干燥30～60min，然后用球磨机和双螺旋混合机与其他称量好的物料搅拌混合均匀，加入一定量的浓度为0.5～2％的NaCrO 4水溶液充分混合，脱模压制成φ＝20mm，H＝23mm的产氧药块；经120℃红外干燥箱干燥1h。
实验结果：氧烛能够正常启动，催化剂Co 3O 4/MnO 2复配，氧烛燃烧稳定，不流淌，检测各项性能指标符合AQ-1057标准。
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000006
实施例5：
吸收易燃层10g，比例为(质量百分数)：锆粉8％，铬酸钡83％，高岭土9％；
发热体层48.5g，比例为(质量百分数)氯酸钠77％，四氧化三钴6％，二氧化锰5.5％，铁粉4％，镁粉2.5％，高岭土5％。
主烛体层300.01g，比例为(质量百分数)氯酸钠94.4％，高氯酸钾1.0％，四氧化三钴0.9％，二氧化锰1.2％，镁粉1.0％，高岭土1.4％。首先将氯酸盐在120℃的红外烘箱中干燥30～60min，然后用球磨机和双螺 旋混合机与其他称量好的物料搅拌混合均匀，加入一定量的浓度为0.5～2％的NaCrO 4水溶液充分混合，脱模压制成φ＝20mm，H＝23mm的产氧药块；经120℃红外干燥箱干燥1h。
实验结果：氧烛能够正常启动，催化剂Co 3O 4/MnO 2复配，氧烛燃烧稳定，不流淌，检测各项性能指标符合AQ-1057标准。
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000007
实施例6：
吸收易燃层比例同实施例3；
发热体层比例同实施例1；
主烛体层295g，比例为(质量百分数)氯酸钠93.5％，高氯酸钾1.5％，四氧化三钴1.1％，二氧化锰1.3％，镁粉1.1％，高岭土1.5％。首先将氯酸盐在120℃的红外烘箱中干燥30～60min，然后用球磨机和双螺旋混合机与其他称量好的物料搅拌混合均匀，加入一定量的浓度为0.5～2％的NaCrO 4水溶液充分混合，脱模压制成φ＝20mm，H＝23mm的产氧药块；经120℃红外干燥箱干燥1h。
实验结果：氧烛能够正常启动，催化剂Co 3O 4/MnO 2复配，氧烛燃烧稳定，不流淌，检测各项性能指标符合AQ-1057标准。
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000009
实施例7：
吸收易燃层比例同实施例2；
发热体层比例同实施例3；
主烛体层320g，比例为(质量百分数)氯酸钠92.6％，高氯酸钾1.2％，四氧化三钴1.0％，二氧化锰1.5％，钴粉1.5％，镁粉1.0％，高岭土2.2％。首先将氯酸盐在120℃的红外烘箱中干燥30～60min，然后用球磨机和双螺旋混合机与其他称量好的物料搅拌混合均匀，加入一定量的浓度为0.5～2％的NaCrO 4水溶液充分混合，脱模压制成φ＝20mm，H＝23mm的产氧药块；经120℃红外干燥箱干燥1h。
实验结果：氧烛能够正常启动，催化剂Co 3O 4/MnO 2复配，氧烛燃烧稳定，不流淌，检测各项性能指标符合AQ-1057标准。
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2018111901-appb-000011
上述配方实例1、2、3、4、5按照以下工艺进行制备：
首先将一定量的主烛体加入成型模腔下方，其次将混合好的发热体层加入，进行预压成型，燃后加入易燃层组分成型脱模。将成型好的氧烛放在120℃烘箱恒温30min，装备成完好的氧气发生装置，分别在-20℃、25℃、60℃恒温2h，检测氧烛是否能够顺利启动。
本发明氧烛生氧剂分解温度低于200℃，外壳温升低于130℃。根据放氧量和氧烛燃烧前后变化，有效放氧量/重量比为39％～41％。
以上所述的实施方式，并不构成对本技术方案范围的限定，任何在上述实施方式的劳动和原则之内所做的修改、等同替换和改进等，都属于本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种氧烛启动装置，其特征在于，包括拉线柱和火帽，所述拉线柱内沿拉线柱的轴向开设有拉线孔，所述拉线柱一端的内部开设有火帽腔，拉线柱另一端的内部开设有防火腔，所述拉线孔穿过所述防火腔和火帽腔；所述火帽安装在火帽腔中，所述防火腔中封装有沙粒。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的氧烛启动装置，其特征在于，所述火帽包括拉簧，所述拉簧穿过所述拉线孔。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的氧烛启动装置，其特征在于，所述防火腔由橡胶塞封装，所述橡胶塞由顶丝安装，所述拉线孔穿过橡胶和顶丝。
  4. 一种氧烛，包括氧烛启动装置和氧气发生器，其特征在于，所述氧烛启动装置为权利要求1、2或3所述的氧烛启动装置，所述氧气发生器包括装药壳体，所述装药壳体顶部开设有通孔，所述装药壳体底部开设有出气孔，所述出气孔处安装有过滤体；所述氧烛启动装置的火帽通过所述通孔与所述氧烛药接触，所述氧烛发生器与所述装药壳体密封连接，所述过滤体与所述出气孔密封连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的氧烛，其特征在于，所述装药壳体内装有氧烛药，所述装药壳体内壁与氧烛药之间设有隔热棉。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的氧烛，其特征在于，所述过滤体包括过滤壳体，过滤壳体顶部设有进气口，底部设有出气孔，过滤壳体内装有过滤层，所述过滤壳体与所述装药壳体密封连接。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的氧烛，其特征在于，所述过滤壳体包括上盖和下壳体，所述上盖上开设有进气口，所述下壳体底部开设有出气孔，
  8. 如权利要求7所述的氧烛，其特征在于，所述上盖与过滤层之间设有防潮棉，所述过滤层与下壳体底部之间设有防潮棉。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的氧烛，其特征在于，所述上盖与氧烛发生器之间设有承板网，所述承板网上开设有通气孔，所述承板网上设有凸起。
  10. 如权利要求4所述的氧烛，其特征在于，所述装药壳体内装有氧烛药，所述氧烛药包括吸收易燃层、发热层和主烛体层；所述发热层设置在吸收易燃层与主烛体层之间；
    按质量百分比计，主烛体层由90％～96％氯酸盐，1.5％～5％催化剂，0～3％燃料，1.5％～2.5％粘结剂和0.5％～1.5％稳固剂制成；
    按质量百分比计，发热层由70％～80％氯酸盐，5％～15％催化剂，5％～12％燃料和3.0％～6.0％粘结剂制成；
    按质量百分比计，吸收易燃层由5％～15％燃料，80％～90％铬酸钡，3％～5％粘结剂和0～1％氯酸盐制成；
    所述催化剂为氧化钴、MnO2和氧化钛中的两种以上的组合物；所述主烛体层催化剂用量是发热层催化剂用量的4～5倍；
    所述燃料为镁粉、钛粉、钴粉、锆粉一种或两种以上的混合物；
    所述氯酸盐为氯酸钠或氯酸钾；
    所述粘结剂为高岭土、玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维和硅藻土中的一种或两种以上的组合物；
    所述稳固剂为高氯酸钾、高氯酸钠和微硅粉中的一种或两种以上的组合物。
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CN108083234B (zh) * 2017-12-29 2020-11-13 陕西斯达防爆安全科技股份有限公司 一种氧烛药
CN107892277B (zh) 2017-12-29 2023-08-15 陕西斯达防爆安全科技股份有限公司 一种氧烛
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