WO2019080445A1 - 一种用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置及方法

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Publication number
WO2019080445A1
WO2019080445A1 PCT/CN2018/080733 CN2018080733W WO2019080445A1 WO 2019080445 A1 WO2019080445 A1 WO 2019080445A1 CN 2018080733 W CN2018080733 W CN 2018080733W WO 2019080445 A1 WO2019080445 A1 WO 2019080445A1
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Prior art keywords
pipe
bragg grating
tested
fiber bragg
pipeline
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PCT/CN2018/080733
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
施斌
孙梦雅
魏广庆
段新春
张丹
冯晨曦
朱鸿鹄
唐朝生
顾凯
刘春�
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Suzhou Nanzee Sensing Technology Co ltd
Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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Suzhou Nanzee Sensing Technology Co ltd
Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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Publication of WO2019080445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019080445A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
    • F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of pipeline leakage monitoring, and in particular relates to a device and a method for quasi-distributed real-time monitoring of pipeline leakage.
  • pipelines are widely used in urban water supply and drainage, energy transportation, agricultural irrigation and various industrial devices.
  • various types of damage often occur in the pipeline, which may cause leakage of liquid in the pipeline, causing serious environmental pollution and economic loss. Therefore, it is a necessary and important task to monitor the leakage of pipelines, especially those in key locations.
  • the current pipeline leakage monitoring is mainly carried out by human observation, but this method is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also easy to miss false detection.
  • One of the biggest drawbacks is that it cannot be monitored in real time. Most of the leakage accidents often occur when the leakage is small and difficult to observe, which poses a great challenge for the monitoring personnel.
  • Optical fiber sensing is a new type of sensing technology that has been rapidly developed in recent years, using fiber as the medium and light as the carrier. Compared with traditional monitoring technology, it has high sensitivity, anti-electromagnetic interference, long monitoring distance and low cost.
  • the series of advantages have been widely used in petrochemical, aerospace, water conservancy and hydropower, civil engineering, geology and other engineering fields. Therefore, this paper mainly considers the use of fiber sensing technology in the field of leakage monitoring of pipelines.
  • Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) technology is a quasi-distributed fiber monitoring technology. It can multiplex multiple FBGs on the same fiber through multiplexing technology to form a monitoring network.
  • the FBG sensing principle is to realize the sensing by using the linear relationship between the wavelength variation of the reflected light in the fiber and the axial strain or ambient temperature of the fiber. The relationship can be expressed as:
  • ⁇ is the amount of FBG wavelength change
  • ⁇ is the axial strain of the fiber
  • ⁇ T is the temperature change
  • P e is the elastic coefficient of the fiber
  • ⁇ is the thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber
  • ⁇ is the thermo-optic coefficient of the fiber.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device and method for pipeline leakage monitoring in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy installation, high sensitivity, high reliability, anti-electromagnetic interference, good safety, quasi-distributed real-time measurement and the like.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is a device for quasi-distributed real-time monitoring of pipeline leakage, which comprises: a pipeline to be tested, a temperature monitoring unit, and a data processing unit; and the temperature monitoring unit includes at least one Two fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107) and two fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107) are respectively fixed on both sides of the pipeline (101) to be tested, one fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) and the other fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107). ) wrapped with water absorbing material, placed in the possible leaking part of the pipeline to be tested, and the temperature monitoring unit outputs to the data processing unit for processing.
  • the fixing ring (102) is fixed on the pipe (101) to be tested by a screw (201) and a groove (202) at a top end thereof; a horizontal tray (203) is arranged on each of the left and right sides of the fixing ring (102). a tray (301) having a diameter corresponding to the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107); the plurality of fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107) being connected by a fiber lead (106) in series; The fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) is fixed on both sides of the pipeline (101) to be tested by equally spaced slots; the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) on both sides of the pipeline to be tested (101) has two mounting modes.
  • thermometer (107-1) One is to insert the thermometer (107-1) directly into the slot (301) on one side of the pipe (101) to be tested; the second is to first coat the surface of the thermometer (107-2) with water-absorbing gauze (108). Further, the other side of the pipeline (101) to be tested is arranged according to the first method, and one end of the water absorbent gauze (108) is extended to the bottom of the leakage pipe (109) of the liquid collecting unit for drawing the pipe to be tested (101). a vaporizable liquid that flows to the bottom of the leaky tube (109) after leakage; the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-1, 107-2) has a high bottom after being fixed Above the highest liquid level determined by the flap (110);
  • the liquid collecting unit comprises a draining pipe (109), a water receiving tank (103) and a water retaining plate (110); the draining pipe (109) is fixed by the hoop (111) to be tested.
  • the pipe (101) is at a certain distance directly below;
  • the leakage pipe (109) is an open polymer material pipe having a diameter slightly larger than the pipe to be tested (101) and the port is semicircular, and is used for storing the pipe to be tested ( 101) an evaporable liquid leaking out of the leakage;
  • the left and right ends of the leakage pipe (109) are provided with a water flap (110) having a height slightly higher than the bottom of the pipe, for controlling the leakage pipe (109)
  • the highest liquid level when the liquid level reaches the highest, that is, the top of the water deflector (110), the liquid leaking into the water tank;
  • the temperature monitoring unit includes a plurality of fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107), water absorbing gauze (108), fiber lead (106), and a fixing ring (102); the fixing ring (102) has a screw (201) at its top end and a groove (202) is fixed on the pipe (101) to be tested; a horizontal tray (203) is arranged on each of the left and right sides of the fixing ring (102); and a diameter and a fiber Bragg grating thermometer are opened in the center of the tray (203) (107) a matching slot (301); the plurality of fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107) are connected by a fiber lead (106) in series; the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) is fixed by slots at equal intervals On both sides of the pipeline (101) to be tested; the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) on both sides of the pipeline to be tested (101) has two mounting modes, one is to insert the thermometer (107-1) directly into the pipeline to be tested.
  • the second type first coats the surface of the thermometer (107-2) with absorbent gauze (108), and then on the other side of the pipe (101) to be tested according to the first type
  • one end of the absorbent gauze (108) is extended to the bottom of the draining tube (109) of the liquid collecting unit for drawing the pipe to be tested (101) After flowing bottom drain connected to the drain pipe vaporizable liquid (109); said fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-1, 107-2) at its bottom after a fixed height above the maximum level determined by the flap (110);
  • said data processing unit may employ an FBG demodulator (104); said FBG demodulator (104) being coupled to a fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) in a temperature control unit via a fiber jumper (105), Pipeline leakage is monitored in real time by analyzing the temperature changes of two fiber Bragg grating thermometers on both sides of the pipe.
  • a method for quasi-distributed real-time monitoring of pipeline leakage comprises at least one set of two fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107), and two fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107) respectively fixed to the pipeline to be tested ( 101) On both sides, one of the fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107), and another fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) is wrapped with a water absorbing material, and the pipe to be tested is directly leaked or leaked through the liquid collecting unit to leak from the pipe (101) to be tested.
  • the evaporable liquid is discharged onto the water absorbing material; when no leakage occurs, the temperature of the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-1, 107-2) distributed on both sides of the pipeline to be tested (101) is the ambient temperature; when the pipeline to be tested (101) After the occurrence of leakage, the water absorbing material is wetted so that the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-2) gives a temperature corresponding to the humidity, and when a temperature difference of a certain group of fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107-1, 107-2) is detected, , indicating that leakage occurred near here.
  • a monitoring method for pipeline leakage comprising the following basic steps:
  • Step one determine the monitoring location. Firstly, according to the needs of the project, the specific key leakage monitoring position and the leakage monitoring length should be specified, and the spacing between the respective fixing rings (102) should be determined as needed.
  • Step two install the temperature monitoring unit.
  • each fixing ring (102) is equally spaced on the pipe (101) to be tested, and the screw (201) is tightened to fix the fixing ring (102); then each fiber Bragg grating thermometer connected in series by the fiber lead (106) is connected. (107-1, 107-2) are inserted one by one in the slot (301) in the order shown in Fig. 1 to fix the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-1, 107-2) and to ensure that the absorbent gauze (108) is dry during installation. State; finally, the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) at the leftmost (right) end of the pipe is connected to the FBG demodulator (104) through a fiber jumper (105);
  • Step three install the liquid collection unit.
  • the drain pipe (109) is fixed to the pipe (101) to be tested by a band (111), and the free end of the absorbent gauze (108) wrapped on the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-2) is placed.
  • the bottom of the tube (109) is leaked, and then the water tank (103) is placed according to the position of both ends of the leaking tube.
  • Step four detecting the state of the device. Ensure that the connections between the components are good, there is no knotting between the fiber leads (106); ensure that each absorbent gauze (108) is in a dry state; check the connection state between the temperature monitoring unit and the FBG demodulator (104).
  • Step 5 Perform quasi-distributed real-time monitoring.
  • Real-time temperature monitoring is performed according to the indication of the FBG demodulator (104).
  • the temperature difference of one or more sets of fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107-1, 107-2) is detected, it indicates that leakage occurs near the abnormal point. Immediately carry out troubleshooting and appropriate handling.
  • the implementation principle of the present invention is that the temperature tested by the fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107-1, 107-2) on both sides of the pipeline to be tested (101) is ambient temperature when no leakage occurs.
  • the evaporable liquid transported in the pipeline to be tested (101) leaks under certain factors, it will flow into the leaking pipe (109) under the action of gravity; the capillary rise force will cause the pipeline to be tested.
  • the liquid leaking from the bottom portion spreads up the absorbent gauze (108) to the entire absorbent gauze (108) which is wrapped around the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-2). The following two situations are discussed:
  • the liquid propagating upward along the absorbent abrasive cloth (108) causes the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-2) in contact with the gauze (108).
  • the monitored temperature becomes larger, while the temperature monitored by the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-1) on the other side without the absorbent gauze (108) is substantially unchanged, so the two arrangements of the fiber near the leak point
  • the temperature monitored by the Bragg grating thermometer (107-1, 107-2) creates a temperature difference.
  • the temperature of the two-array fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107-1, 107-2) on both sides of the same section of the pipeline to be tested (101) will always be different.
  • the FBG demodulator (104) senses this difference, it can perform real-time monitoring and early warning of leakage.
  • the device is also capable of substantially determining the leak point based on the monitored position of the temperature difference point to achieve quasi-distributed monitoring.
  • the present invention has significant advantages over the prior art in that:
  • the present invention is a device and method for monitoring pipeline leakage, which is simple in structure, low in cost, high in reliability, and convenient to use, and fills the gap of the prior art.
  • the invention adopts the optical fiber sensing technology to monitor the leakage of the pipeline, does not need on-site power supply, avoids electromagnetic interference, has good electrical insulation and has a wide application range.
  • the invention realizes quasi-distributed monitoring by using optical fiber sensing technology, and the sensitivity and precision of the measurement are greatly improved, and the leakage point can be determined, and the application prospect is large.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an apparatus for pipeline leakage monitoring proposed by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus for pipeline leakage monitoring proposed by the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the retaining ring proposed by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a device for monitoring pipe leakage in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the temperature change at 8 m of the pipeline (27.0 ° C, 85.7% RH) during the leakage monitoring process in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 101 - pipeline to be tested 101 - pipeline to be tested; 102 - fixed ring; 103 - water tank; 104 - FBG demodulator; 105 - fiber jumper; 106 - fiber lead; 107 - fiber Bragg grating thermometer; 107-1;107-2;108-absorbent abrasive cloth; 109-leakage pipe; 110-water baffle; 111-clamp; 201-screw; 202-coiled groove; 203-tray;
  • the device for monitoring pipeline leakage proposed by the invention comprises four parts: a pipeline to be tested, a liquid collection unit, a temperature monitoring unit and a data processing unit; the liquid collection unit comprises a leakage pipe (109) and a water receiving tank (103), water flap (110).
  • the leakage pipe (109) is fixed at a certain distance directly below the pipeline (101) to be tested by a band (111); the leakage pipe (109) has a diameter slightly larger than the pipe to be tested (101) and the port is half a circular open PVC pipe for storing the evaporable liquid leaking from the pipe (101) to be tested; the left and right ends of the leakage pipe (109) are provided with a water retaining height slightly higher than the bottom of the pipe a plate (110) for controlling the highest liquid level in the leak pipe (109), and the liquid leaking into the water tank when the liquid level reaches the top, that is, the top of the water deflector (110);
  • the temperature monitoring unit includes a plurality of fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107), water absorbing gauze (108), fiber lead (106), and a fixing ring (102); the fixing ring (102) has a screw (201) at its top end and a groove (202) is fixed on the pipe (101) to be tested; a horizontal tray (203) is arranged on each of the left and right sides of the fixing ring (102); and a diameter and a fiber Bragg grating thermometer are opened in the center of the tray (203) (107) a matching slot (301); the plurality of fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107) are connected by a fiber lead (106) in series; the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) is fixed by slots at equal intervals On both sides of the pipeline (101) to be tested; the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) on both sides of the pipeline to be tested (101) has two mounting modes, one is to insert the thermometer (107-1) directly into the pipeline to be tested.
  • the second method first coats the surface of the thermometer (107-2) with water-absorbent gauze (108), and then on the other side of the pipe (101) to be tested according to the first method.
  • one end of the absorbent gauze (108) is extended to the bottom of the draining tube (109) of the liquid collecting unit for drawing the pipe (101) to be tested
  • the evaporable liquid flows to the bottom of the leaking pipe (109); after the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-1, 107-2) is fixed, the bottom height thereof is higher than the highest liquid level determined by the water deflecting plate (110);
  • said data processing unit may employ an FBG demodulator (104); said FBG demodulator (104) being coupled to a fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107) in a temperature control unit via a fiber jumper (105), Pipeline leakage is monitored in real time by analyzing the temperature changes of two fiber Bragg grating thermometers on both sides of the pipe.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a monitoring method for pipeline leakage according to the present invention, which comprises the following basic steps:
  • the monitoring range and the number of temperature sensors in the temperature monitoring unit are determined. Based on the characteristics of the area to be tested, the 1 ⁇ 3m section and the 7 ⁇ 9m section of the PVC pipe (101) with a length of 10m are initially used as the key leakage monitoring area.
  • Six sets of sensors are proposed as the temperature monitoring unit, that is, in two The main monitoring section is to place a fixed ring (102) every 1m, a total of 6 fixed rings, 12 fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107).
  • the temperature monitoring unit is installed.
  • the six fixing rings (102) are installed at intervals of 1 m in the two monitoring pipe sections, that is, the fixing rings are respectively located at 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 7 m, 8 m, and 9 m of the pipe to be tested, and the screws (201) are tightened and fixed.
  • Ring (102); the left slot (301) of the six retaining rings are inserted into the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-2) wrapped with gauze, and ensure that the absorbent gauze (108) is in a dry state during installation, and the right side is inserted.
  • the slots (302) are each inserted into a gauze-free fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-1), and each fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-1, 107-2) is connected in series by a fiber lead (106); finally, the leftmost fiber of the tube is connected.
  • the Bragg grating thermometer (107-1) is connected to the FBG demodulator (104) via a fiber jumper (105);
  • the third step is to install the liquid collection unit.
  • a 2m long leaking pipe (109) is fixed by the band (111) on the pipe sections 1 to 3m and 7 to 9m, respectively, and the water absorption is wrapped on the fiber Bragg grating thermometer (107-2).
  • the free end of the gauze (108) is placed at the bottom of the tube of the leaking tube (109), and then the water tank (103) is placed according to the position of the ends of the leaking tube.
  • the overall structure of the pipeline leakage monitoring device is shown in Figure 4.
  • the fourth step is to detect the state of the device. Ensure that the connections between the components are good, there is no knotting between the fiber leads (106); ensure that each absorbent gauze (108) is in a dry state; check the connection state between the temperature monitoring unit and the FBG demodulator (104).
  • the fifth step is to perform quasi-distributed real-time monitoring.
  • the temperature is monitored in real time, and the temperature changes of the six sets of fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107-1, 107-2) are observed, and the time difference and the temperature difference when the thermometers are stable are obtained. See Table 1. At this time, the indoor humidity was 85.7% RH, and the temperature was 27.0 °C.
  • the temperature difference between the fiber Bragg grating thermometers (107-1, 107-2) of the 7 ⁇ 9m monitoring section is 1.7 ⁇ 1.8°C
  • the stable time at 8m is 1140s, which is within the same leaky pipe section.
  • the first place to form a stable temperature difference can basically conclude that there is a leak point at 8m. After inspection at the pipeline, it was found that the location of the leakage point of the pipeline was set near 8m. The device realized the monitoring of pipeline leakage and the location of the leakage point. Among them, the temperature change at 8m is shown in Figure 4.
  • the temperature difference monitoring of the leakage point (8m) in different humidity environments is selected, and the monitoring results are shown in Table 2. It can be seen that with the decrease of humidity, the temperature difference caused by leakage will be larger. Even in the environment with humidity up to 85.70% RH, there will be a temperature difference of 1.81 °C, which proves the applicability of the device to pipeline leakage monitoring.
  • the invention has been verified by trial and error and has achieved satisfactory application effects.
  • the present invention provides a device and a method for quasi-distributed real-time monitoring of pipeline leakage.
  • the methods and methods for implementing the technical solution are numerous.
  • the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the present technology is A number of modifications and refinements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and refinements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
  • the components that are not clear in this embodiment can be implemented by the prior art.

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Abstract

一种用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置，包括待测管道（101）、温度监测单元、数据处理单元。温度监测单元包括至少一组两个光纤布拉格光栅温度计（107），两个温度计分别固定在待测管道(101)两侧，其中一个温度计不用吸水材料包裹，另一个温度计用吸水材料包裹，置于待测管道的可能渗漏部位；温度控制单元通过光纤跳线（105）与数据处理单元相连接以发送数据，数据处理单元通过分析管道两侧两个温度计的温度变化来实时监测管道渗漏情况。该装置结合了光纤感测技术，能够对重点管线进行准分布式实时的渗漏监测，灵敏度高，可靠性强，并且不涉及电流电磁，安全性能相对较好。

Description

一种用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于管道渗漏监测领域，特别是涉及一种用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置及方法。
背景技术
管道作为人类社会文明的一种产物，广泛应用于城市给排水、能源运输、农业灌溉和各种工业装置中。然而，由于腐蚀、外力破坏、内部压力过大等原因，管道常常会发生各种类型的破损，可能会造成管道内液体的渗漏，造成严重的环境污染和经济损失。因此对管道尤其是重点地段的管道进行渗漏监测是一项必要的、重要的工作。
当前管道的渗漏监测主要通过人为观察来进行，但是这种方法不仅费时费力，而且容易漏检误检，其最大的一个弊端就是不能实时监测。而大部分的渗漏事故初始发生时往往渗漏量很小不易观察，这就给监测人员提出了很大的挑战。目前也有一些方法是利用电磁、物探等方法进行管道的实时渗漏监测，但是这些方法不可避免的会涉及到电流，若利用这些方法进行汽油等易燃易爆物管路的渗漏监测时，存在一定的危险性。
光纤感测是近年来迅速发展起来的一种以光纤为媒介，光为载体的新型传感技术，相比于传统的监测技术其具有灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰、监测距离长、成本低等一系列优点，目前已广泛应用于石油化工、航空航天、水利水电、土木、地质等工程领域。因此本文主要考虑将光纤感测技术用于管道的渗漏监测领域。
光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating，FBG)技术是一种准分布式光纤监测技术，它通过复用技术可将多个FBG串在同一根光纤上，可形成监测网络。FBG感测原理是利用光纤中反射光波长变化量和光纤轴向应变或环境温度之间的线性关系来实现传感，该关系可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2018080733-appb-000001
式中，Δλ为FBG波长变化量，ε为光纤轴向应变，ΔT为温度变化，P e为光纤的弹光系数，α为光纤热膨胀系数，ξ为光纤的热光系数。
由上式可知，当光纤呈无应力的松弛状态时，其波长变化量与温度呈线性关系。本发明中的光纤布拉格光栅温度计即据此原理制成。中国专利201611261607.0公开了“一种供热管道渗漏监测方法和系统”，该发明提供了一种供热管道渗漏监测方法和系统，该发明虽然可以对供热管道的各位置的渗漏情况实行全自动的监控，无需人工巡检，自动化程度高，但是其仅仅只能对供热管道进行渗漏的监测，对其他常温或者低温的管道的应用程度不足。中国专利200520012966.3公开了“管道渗漏定位分布式光纤温度传感监测装置”，该装置的要点是将双向耦合器、波分复用器、光电二极管、放大器、采样平均累加器、计算机、驱动器、激光二极管主组件和传感光缆所连接，该发明虽然解决了只能实施离散点监测和目测渗漏的技术问题,实现了分布式测量，但是当渗透量较小时由于管道内的液体流出后不能存留导致光纤附近温度变化较小难以被检出，造成漏检。另一方面该发明中用到了加热光缆不可避免的涉及到电流的问题，在进行易燃易爆品输送管道的渗漏监测是仍然存在一定的安全隐患。
如何克服现有技术所存在的不足已成为当今管道渗漏监测技术领域中亟待解决的重点难题之一。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种用于管道渗漏监测的装置及方法。本发明具有结构简单、易于安装、灵敏度高、可靠性强、抗电磁干扰、安全性好、准分布式实时测量等突出的优点。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明技术方案是，一种用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置，其特征在于，包括待测管道、温度监测单元、数据处理单元；温度监测单元包括起码一组二个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)，二个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)分别固定在待测管道(101)两侧，其中一个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)，另一个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)用吸水材料包裹，置于待测管道的可能渗漏部位，温度监测单元输出到数据处理单元处理。
所述固定环(102)由其顶端的螺钉(201)和螺槽(202)固定在待测管道(101)上；所述固定环(102)左右两侧各有一个水平的托盘(203)；所述托盘(203)中心开有直径与光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)相适应的插槽(301)；所 述多个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)由光纤引线(106)通过串联方式连接；所述光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)通过插槽等间距的固定在待测管道(101)两侧；所述待测管道(101)两侧的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)有两种安放方式，一种是将温度计(107-1)直接插入到待测管道(101)一侧的插槽(301)中；第二种是先将温度计(107-2)表面裹上吸水纱布(108)，再在待测管道(101)另一侧按照第一种的方法布置，所述吸水性纱布(108)一端延长至集液单元的接漏管(109)底部，用于汲取待测管道(101)渗漏后流到接漏管(109)底部的可蒸发液体；所述光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)在固定后其底部高度高于由挡水板(110)确定的最高液面；
设有集液单元，所述集液单元包括接漏管(109)、接水箱(103)、挡水板(110)；所述接漏管(109)通过箍带(111)固定在待测管道(101)正下方一定距离处；所述接漏管(109)为直径略大于待测管道(101)且端口为半圆形的开放式高分子材料管，用于储存从待测管道(101)中渗漏出的可蒸发液体；所述接漏管(109)左右两端断面设置有高度略高于管底的挡水板(110)，用于控制接漏管(109)中的最高液面，当液面达到最高即挡水板(110)顶部后渗漏处的液体即流入接水箱；
所述温度监测单元包括多个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)、吸水纱布(108)、光纤引线(106)、固定环(102)；所述固定环(102)由其顶端的螺钉(201)和螺槽(202)固定在待测管道(101)上；所述固定环(102)左右两侧各有一个水平的托盘(203)；所述托盘(203)中心开有直径与光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)相适应的插槽(301)；所述多个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)由光纤引线(106)通过串联方式连接；所述光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)通过插槽等间距的固定在待测管道(101)两侧；所述待测管道(101)两侧的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)有两种安放方式，一种是将温度计(107-1)直接插入到待测管道(101)一侧的插槽(301)中；第二种先将温度计(107-2)表面裹上吸水性纱布(108)，再在待测管道(101)另一侧按照第一种的方法布置，所述吸水性纱布(108)一端延长至集液单元的接漏管(109)底部，用于汲取待测管道(101)渗漏后流到接漏管(109)底部的可蒸发液体；所述光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)在固定后其底部高度高于由挡水板(110)确定的最高液面；
作为优选，所述数据处理单元可采用FBG解调仪(104)；所述FBG解调仪(104)与温度控制单元中的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)通过光纤跳线(105)进行连接，通过分析管道两侧两种光纤布拉格光栅温度计的温度变化实时监测管道渗漏。
根据本发明提出的一种用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的方法，包括起码一组二个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)，二个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)分别固定在待测管道(101)两侧，其中一个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)，另一个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)用吸水材料包裹，待测管道直接漏水或通过集液单元储存从待测管道(101)中渗漏出的可蒸发液体至吸水材料上；在没有发生渗漏时，待测管道(101)两侧分布的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)测试的温度均为环境温度；当待测管道(101)发生渗漏后，吸水材料湿润使光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-2)给出与湿度对应的温度，当检测到某组光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)的温度发生差异时，说明此处附近发生渗漏。
一种用于管道渗漏的监测方法，包括如下基本步骤：
步骤一，确定监测位置。首先按照工程需要明确具体的重点渗漏监测位置与渗漏监测长度，并根据需要确定各个固定环(102)之间的间距。
步骤二，安装温度监测单元。首先将各固定环(102)等间距的安装在待测管道(101)上，拧紧螺钉(201)以固定固定环(102)；之后将通过光纤引线(106)串联起来的各个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)按照图1所示的顺序逐一插在插槽(301)上，以固定光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)，并确保安装时吸水性纱布(108)处于干燥状态；最后将管道最左(右)端的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)通过光纤跳线(105)与FBG解调仪(104)连接；
步骤三，安装集液单元。首先，在待测管道(101)上通过箍带(111)固定接漏管(109)，并将包裹在光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-2)上吸水性纱布(108)的自由端安放在接漏管(109)的管底，然后根据接漏管两端的位置安放接水箱(103)。
步骤四，检测装置状态。保证各部件之间连接良好，光纤引线(106)之间无打结现象；保证各个吸水性纱布(108)处于干燥状态；检查温度监测单元与FBG解调仪(104)间连接状态。
步骤五，进行准分布式实时监测。根据FBG解调仪(104)的示数进行温度实时监测，当检测到某组或者多组光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)的温度发生差异时，说明异常点附近发生渗漏，应立即进行险情的排查与适当的处理。
本发明的实现原理是：在没有发生渗漏时，待测管道(101)两侧的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)测试的温度均为环境温度。当待测管道(101)内运输的可蒸发性液体在某些因素作用下发生渗漏后，在重力作用下会流入接漏管(109)中；由于毛细上升力的作用会导致待测管道(101)底部部分渗漏出的液体顺着吸水性纱布(108)向上蔓延至整个包裹着光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-2)的吸水性纱布(108)。以下分两种情况进行讨论：
1、当待测管道(101)内运送的液体温度远高于室温时，顺着吸水性砂布(108)向上蔓延的液体会导致与纱布(108)接触的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-2)所监测的温度变大，而另一侧未包裹吸水性纱布(108)的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1)所监测的温度基本无变化，因此在渗漏点附近的两种布置方式的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)监测的温度会产生温差。
2、当待测管道(101)内运送的液体温度低于或大致等于室温时，顺着吸水性纱布(108)向上蔓延的液体会产生一定的蒸发，带走热量，导致光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-2)所监测的温度变低，而另一侧未包裹吸水性砂布(108)的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1)所监测的温度基本无变化，因此在渗漏点附近的两种布置方式的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)监测的温度就会产生温差。
因此当待测管道(101)中发生渗漏后总会导致待测管道(101)同一截面位置两侧两种布置方式的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)监测的温度产生差异，通过FBG解调仪(104)感知到这种差异后就能够进行渗漏的实时监测与预警。另外，本装置也能够根据所监测的温度差异点的位置而大致确定渗漏点，实现准分布式监测。
有益效果，本发明与现有技术相比其显著优点在于：
第一，本发明是一种集结构简单、成本低廉、可靠度强、使用方便为一体的一种用于管道渗漏监测的装置及方法，填补了现有技术的空白。第二，本发明采用光纤感测技术进行管道渗漏的监测，无需现场供电，避免了电磁干扰，电绝缘 性好，使用范围广。第三，本发明相比于传统的点式监测法，利用光纤感测技术实现了准分布式监测，测量的灵敏度与精度得到了大幅提升，并且可以确定渗漏点，应用前景较大。
附图说明
图1是本发明提出的一种用于管道渗漏监测的装置的总体结构示意图。
图2是本发明提出的一种用于管道渗漏监测的装置的剖面图。
图3是本发明提出的固定环的俯视图。
图4是本发明实施例中管道渗漏监测的装置的总体结构示意图。
图5是本发明实施例中渗漏监测过程中(27.0℃，85.7％RH)管道8m处的温度变化图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步解释本发明的技术方案，下面通过具体实施例来对本发明进行详细阐述。本发明的上述或其他方面的优点将会变得更加清楚。
结合图1-3，图中：101-待测管道；102-固定环；103-接水箱；104-FBG解调仪；105-光纤跳线；106-光纤引线；107-光纤布拉格光栅温度计；107-1；107-2；108-吸水性砂布；109-接漏管；110-挡水板；111-箍带；201-螺钉；202-螺槽；203-托盘；301-插槽；
本发明提出的一种用于管道渗漏监测的装置，包括待测管道、集液单元、温度监测单元、数据处理单元四个部分；所述集液单元包括接漏管(109)、接水箱(103)、挡水板(110)。所述接漏管(109)通过箍带(111)固定在待测管道(101)正下方一定距离处；所述接漏管(109)为直径略大于待测管道(101)且端口为半圆形的开放式PVC管，用于储存从待测管道(101)中渗漏出的可蒸发液体；所述接漏管(109)左右两端断面设置有高度略高于管底的挡水板(110)，用于控制漏管(109)中的最高液面，当液面达到最高即挡水板(110)顶部后渗漏处的液体即流入接水箱；
所述温度监测单元包括多个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)、吸水纱布(108)、光纤引线(106)、固定环(102)；所述固定环(102)由其顶端的螺钉(201)和 螺槽(202)固定在待测管道(101)上；所述固定环(102)左右两侧各有一个水平的托盘(203)；所述托盘(203)中心开有直径与光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)相适应的插槽(301)；所述多个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)由光纤引线(106)通过串联方式连接；所述光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)通过插槽等间距的固定在待测管道(101)两侧；所述待测管道(101)两侧的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)有两种安放方式，一种是将温度计(107-1)直接插入到待测管道(101)一侧的插槽(301)中；第二种先将温度计(107-2)表面裹上吸水纱布(108)，再在待测管道(101)另一侧按照第一种的方法布置，所述吸水性纱布(108)一端延长至集液单元的接漏管(109)底部，用于汲取待测管道(101)渗漏后流到接漏管(109)底部的可蒸发液体；所述光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)再固定后其底部高度高于由挡水板(110)确定的最高液面；
作为优选，所述数据处理单元可采用FBG解调仪(104)；所述FBG解调仪(104)与温度控制单元中的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)通过光纤跳线(105)进行连接，通过分析管道两侧两种光纤布拉格光栅温度计的温度变化实时监测管道渗漏。
实施例，根据本发明提出的一种用于管道渗漏的监测方法，其特征在于，包括如下基本步骤：
第一步，基于待测管道的长度与重点渗漏区的分布，确定监测范围及温度监测单元中温度传感器的数目。基于本管道待测区域的特点，初步将长10m的PVC管道(101)中的1～3m段和7～9m段作为重点渗漏监测区，拟定6组传感器作为温度监测单元，即在两个重点监测管段每隔1m放置一个固定环(102)，共6个固定环，12个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)。
第二步，安装温度监测单元。首先将6个固定环(102)在两个监测管段按照1m的间距安装，即固定环分别位于待测管道的1m、2m、3m、7m、8m、9m处，拧紧螺钉(201)以固定固定环(102)；6个固定环的左侧插槽(301)均插入用纱布包裹的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-2)，并确保安装时吸水性纱布(108)处于干燥状态，右侧插槽(302)均插入无纱布包裹的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1)，各个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)之间通过光纤引线(106)串联起来；最后将管道最左端的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1)通过光纤跳线 (105)与FBG解调仪(104)连接；
第三步，安装集液单元。首先，分别在待测管段1～3m和7～9m上通过箍带(111)各固定一段2m长的接漏管(109)，并将包裹在光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-2)上吸水性纱布(108)的自由端安放在接漏管(109)的管底，然后根据接漏管两端的位置安放接水箱(103)。管道渗漏监测的装置的总体结构示意图见图4
第四步，检测装置状态。保证各部件之间连接良好，光纤引线(106)之间无打结现象；保证各个吸水性纱布(108)处于干燥状态；检查温度监测单元与FBG解调仪(104)间连接状态。
第五步，进行准分布式实时监测。根据FBG解调仪(104)的示数进行温度实时监测，观察6组光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)的温度变化情况，得到待各温度计示数稳定时的时刻及稳定时的温差，见表1。此时室内湿度为85.7％RH，温度为27.0℃。
表1 管道监测段6个监测点的温度情况
位置 稳定时刻(s) 稳定时的温差(℃)
1m处 0 0
2m处 0 0
3m处 0 0.1
7m处 1510 1.7
8m处 1140 1.8
9m处 1550 1.8
由表1可以看出，7～9m监测段的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)之间均产生温差1.7～1.8℃，且8m处的稳定时刻是1140s，是同一接漏管段内是最先形成稳定温差的位置，基本可以断定在8m处存在一个渗漏点。经在管道处检查发现，8m处附近即是设置的管道渗漏点的位置，该装置实现了对管道渗漏的监测及渗漏点的定位。其中，8m处的温度变化情况见图4。
为了更加准确的确认该装置的适用性，选取在不同湿度环境中进行该渗漏点(8m处)的温差监测，监测结果见表2。可见随着湿度的减小，渗漏产生的温差会越大，即使是在湿度高达85.70％RH的环境，也会有1.81℃的温差，再次证 明了该装置对管道渗漏监测的适用性。
表2 不同室温及湿度条件下渗漏产生的温差
湿度(％RH) 温度(℃) 温差(℃)
85.70 27.0 1.81
75.10 29.7 2.09
62.30 30.3 2.94
55.00 33.5 4.67
本发明的具体实施方式中凡未涉到的说明属于本领域的公知技术，可参考公知技术加以实施。
本发明经反复试验验证，取得了满意的应用效果。
本发明提供了一种用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置及方法，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置，其特征在于，包括待测管道、温度监测单元、数据处理单元；温度监测单元包括起码一组二个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)，二个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)分别固定在待测管道(101)两侧，其中一个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)，另一个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)用吸水材料包裹，置于待测管道的可能渗漏部位，温度监测单元输出到数据处理单元处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置，其特征在于，待测管道的可能渗漏部位设有固定环(102)，所述固定环(102)由其顶端的螺钉(201)和螺槽(202)固定在待测管道(101)上；所述固定环(102)左右两侧各有一个水平的托盘(203)；所述托盘(203)中心开有直径与光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)相适应的插槽(301)；所述多个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)由光纤引线(106)通过串联方式连接；所述光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)通过插槽等间距的固定在待测管道(101)两侧；所述待测管道(101)两侧的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)有两种安放方式，一种是将温度计(107-1)直接插入到待测管道(101)一侧的插槽(301)中；第二种是先将温度计(107-2)表面裹上吸水性纱布(108)，再在待测管道(101)另一侧按照第一种的方法布置，所述吸水性纱布(108)一端延长至待测管道下部设有集液单元的接漏管(109)底部，用于汲取待测管道(101)渗漏后流到接漏管(109)底部的可蒸发液体；所述光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)在固定后其底部高度高于由挡水板(110)确定的最高液面。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置，其特征在于，设有集液单元，所述集液单元包括接漏管(109)、接水箱(103)、挡水板(110)；所述接漏管(109)通过箍带(111)固定在待测管道(101)正下方一定距离处；所述接漏管(109)为直径略大于待测管道(101)且端口为半圆形的开放式高分子材料管，用于储存从待测管道(101)中渗漏出的可蒸发液体；所述接漏管(109)左右两端断面设置有高度略高于管底的挡水板(110)，用于控制接漏管(109)中的最高液面，当液面达到最高即挡水板(110)顶部后渗漏处的液体即流入接水箱；
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置，其特征在于，吸水材料采用吸水性纱布(108)；所述数据处理单元采用FBG解调仪(104)；所述FBG解调仪(104)与温度控制单元中的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)通过光纤跳 线(105)进行连接，通过分析管道两侧两种光纤布拉格光栅温度计的温度变化实时监测管道渗漏。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的用于管道渗漏准分布式实时监测的装置进行实时监测的方法，包括起码一组二个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)，二个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)分别固定在待测管道(101)两侧，其中一个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)，另一个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)用吸水材料包裹，待测管道直接漏水或通过集液单元储存从待测管道(101)中渗漏出的可蒸发液体至吸水材料上；在没有发生渗漏时，待测管道(101)两侧分布的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)测试的温度均为环境温度；当待测管道(101)发生渗漏后，吸水材料湿润使光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-2)给出与环境湿度对应的温度值，当检测到某组光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)的温度发生差异时，说明此处附近发生渗漏。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征是步骤一，确定监测位置，首先按照工程需要明确具体的重点渗漏监测位置与渗漏监测长度，并根据需要确定各个固定环(102)之间的间距；
    步骤二，安装温度监测单元。首先将各固定环(102)等间距的安装在待测管道(101)上，拧紧螺钉(201)以固定固定环(102)；之后将通过光纤引线(106)串联起来的各个光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)顺序逐一插在插槽(301)上，以固定光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)，并确保安装时吸水性纱布(108)处于干燥状态；最后将管道最左(右)端的光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107)通过光纤跳线(105)与FBG解调仪(104)连接；
    步骤三，安装集液单元。首先，在待测管道(101)上通过箍带(111)固定接漏管(109)，并将包裹在光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-2)上吸水性纱布(108)的自由端安放在接漏管(109)的管底，然后根据接漏管两端的位置安放接水箱(103)。
    步骤四，检测装置状态。保证各部件之间连接良好，光纤引线(106)之间无打结现象；保证各个吸水性纱布(108)处于干燥状态；检查温度监测单元与FBG解调仪(104)间连接状态。
    步骤五，进行准分布式实时监测。根据FBG解调仪(104)的示数进行温度实时监测，当检测到某组或者多组光纤布拉格光栅温度计(107-1,107-2)的温度发生差异 时，说明异常点附近发生渗漏。
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