WO2019048473A1

WO2019048473A1 - Plate filter press and filtration method with use of same

Info

Publication number: WO2019048473A1
Application number: PCT/EP2018/073861
Authority: WO
Inventors: Konrad MÜLLER-AUFFERMANN; Alirio CALDERA LOPEZ
Original assignee: Krones Ag
Priority date: 2017-09-08
Filing date: 2018-09-05
Publication date: 2019-03-14
Also published as: DE102017215925A1; EP3678754A1; CN111065444A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device, more particularly for filtering mash, having a plate filter having a plurality of adjacent filter chambers that have a filtered material chamber and a filtrate chamber as well as a filter cloth, and a membrane that can be expanded, more particularly inflated, into the filtered material chamber, wherein after filtration, the plate filter is opened to clear out the filtered material, wherein during and/or after opening of the plate filter, the membrane and/or filter cloth is moved to discharge the filtered material.

Description

PLATE FILTER PRESS AND FILTRATION PROCESS UNDER

USE OF THE SAME

The invention relates to a filtration method and a plate filter according to the preambles of claims 1 and 9.

Mash filters are used in beer production for the separation of solid and liquid components from the mash for wort clarification and the leaching or leaching of the grains.

In conventional process steps for the operation of these plants, first the filling of the previously saccharified mash in the filter chambers of the mash filter, and the filtration of the mash, so that a clarified, sugar-containing wort of the solids (grains), d. H. the Filtergut, is separated. This is followed by the washing out and leaching of the sugar particles contained in the carrots by the introduction of water (so-called tempering water).

Following the above-mentioned process steps, the leached spent grains must be removed from the filter chambers in order to ensure a subsequent filtration cycle as quickly as possible.

Such mash filters are already well known and have juxtaposed, standing filter chambers on the side by respective plates, between which z. B. a frame is arranged with at least one filter cloth, limited. As is apparent from Figs. 15 and 16, the individual chambers are pressed tightly, for example, by a punch to a fixed head plate 18a. The emptying of the filter chambers is done by opening the horizontally strained plate packs. Conventionally, the individual plates move apart one after the other so that the filter cake, i. H. the spent grains can fall down in a grave bunker, which is located under the filter and open at the top, and from there can be transported away, for example, via a screw. Depending on the design of the filter, an ejection of the chambers or a spray cleaning of the filter layer (in particular of the filter cloths before the plates are pushed together again and sealed by a strong pressing on a circumferential seal arranged between the plates or frame.

It is already known that at least one inflatable membrane is provided in the respective filter chambers, which is applied to the filter material, for. As the Marc, can squeeze to squeeze the grains and create a defined space for the later supplied washout medium (eg Tail water). So far, the functionality of the membranes limited to the expansion in the Filtergutraum to compress the filter material contained therein and optionally to press the washout / Anschwänzmedien through the filter cake. The known mash filters have the disadvantage that a discharge of the filter material is often difficult and the filter cake falls badly from the filter cloths and / or membranes. Since the grain cakes are often not removed sufficiently, control measures are necessary, which may require manual cleaning.

Proceeding from this, the object of the present invention is to provide a filtration method and a plate filter which allow improved removal of the filter material after filtration.

According to the invention this object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 9.

The filtration process according to the invention is used in particular for filtering mash for beer production. In this case, a plate filter is used with a plurality of juxtaposed filter chambers. The filter chambers have a Filtergutraum, d. H. a Unfiltratraum, in which, for example, the mash is introduced. It is possible that in the filtration process only a filtration is carried out or unfiltered mash is stored in the plate filter, so that the mash saccharified in the plate filter. Furthermore, the plate filter also has a Filtratraum, and a filter material, in particular a filter cloth over the z. B. Filtergut space and filtrate are separated. Further, the plate filter has a membrane which is in the Filtergutraum expandable, in particular inflatable, wherein after the filtration of the plate filter is opened to clear the filter material. It is also possible for a plurality of membranes to be arranged in a filter chamber, for example on each plate bounding the filter chamber. Further, it is also possible that in the filter chamber, for example, two filter cloths are arranged, one for coarse filtration one for fine filtration.

In order to promote the discharge of the filter material, during and / or after the opening of the plate filter, the membrane and / or the filter cloth is set in motion, ie relative to the plate to which it is attached moves. As a result of the movement of the membrane and / or the filter cloth, adhesions of the filter material or filter cake are released. By opening the plate filter, it is understood that at least a part of the filter chambers is opened. The plate filter can be opened as usual by moving apart of the individual plates. However, the method according to the invention described here is very particularly advantageous when the plate filter is opened by opening a bottom opening in the floor covering. rich of a respective filter chamber is emptied. In this case, the bottom opening is arranged in each case at least in the region below the filter material space - it is also possible that the opening extends over a plurality of filter chambers. This embodiment entails that significant space is saved, simplifies the construction, fewer mechanical components are required and also the duration of the emptying of the filter can be significantly shortened. The movement of the membrane and / or the filter cloth, the filtered material can easily fall down.

The membrane is advantageously an inflatable membrane which, by introducing an inflation medium, in particular a liquid or optionally a gas in a membrane inflation space, moves into the filter compartment and can be moved back out of the filter compartment by discharging the liquid or gas. Thus, this membrane can be used on the one hand, the filter material, d. H. For example, the spent grains to squeeze when filtering mash, but on the other hand according to the invention also for breaking up and loosening the filter material. For this purpose, for example, after the extrusion and / or leaching for discharging the filter material, the membrane at least back and / or alternately moved back and forth. By creating a negative pressure (pMembranauf- bias space <PFiitergutraum) in the Membranaufblasraum the membrane can be moved even farther from the Filtergutraum compared to a membrane position, if the pressure p in the filter cavity <= the pressure p in the diaphragm inflation space, causing the filter cake can solve particularly well.

According to a preferred embodiment, the membrane, in particular after termination of the filtration or leaching process and before or while the filter material space is open and / or the filter material, in particular the filter cloth, can be set in vibration. This can be done, for example, by pulsed, preferably pulse-like introduction and / or discharge of the inflation medium. But it is also possible that the membrane and / or the filter cloth are put into vibration.

It is advantageous if the membrane, as it moves back out of the filter chamber, ie, that the pressure drops in the membrane inflation chamber, has an uneven surface with a plurality of elevations, wherein the membrane during the return movement, in particular on an uneven surface or structure That is, a structure that has regions of different extent in the horizontal direction starting from a vertical virtual surface) is moved so that this uneven surface or uneven structure pushes through the membrane and creates an uneven surface with multiple protrusions. If the membrane is attached to a plate, and the membrane inflation space is limited by this plate, either this plate can be formed flat and have a corresponding structure or the structure is arranged in front of this plate. If, for example, a membrane plate with two membranes is used, then for example a corresponding uneven structure can be arranged between the membranes. An uneven structure can be formed by, for example, bars, grids or structured surfaces with protrusions.

It is also possible that the membrane itself has an inhomogeneous structure, i. h., That, for example, a longitudinal section through the membrane has areas that expand differently. Then, for example, it is possible that when the membrane is inflated, a plurality of convex portions turn outward, while with the membrane retracted, these convex portions concave inward. This is only an example, it is essential that the surface structure in an inflated state of the membrane is different from the surface structure in a non-inflated, retracted state. It is also possible that the different areas are made of different material or have a different depth.

According to a further embodiment, it is possible that at least one movable element is provided in the membrane inflation space, which is for example for discharging the Filterguts up and down and / or towards Filtergut, d. H. with a direction component in the horizontal direction can move. However, other directional components such as vertical, radial and / or forward / backward movements are also possible. The movement of this element also promotes the detachment and discharge of the filter material. A corresponding element can be moved via a mechanical drive. Particularly advantageously, this element can be moved by means of a flow in the membrane inflation space, in particular a liquid flow.

It is also possible for the filter cloth and / or the membrane to be set in motion by means of magnetic force. In this case, for example, the membrane and / or the filter cloth contains magnetic portions which can be attracted or repelled by a magnet. Alternatively or additionally, however, an element such as e.g. one or more rods mounted in front of and / or behind the membrane which are set in motion by magnetism and thereby promote removal of the filter cake.

According to a preferred embodiment, the membrane may be impermeable to liquid, in particular filtrate, in the membrane inflation space at overpressure and in the withdrawn zone. genen state, ie not inflated state, be permeable to liquid, such that liquid from the Filtergutraum or when the membrane adjacent to a filter cloth can flow from the Filtratraum in the Membranaufblasraum and can flow away from there.

The invention also relates to a plate filter for performing the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8 and a plurality of juxtaposed filter chambers, which have a Filtergutraum and a Filtratraum, and a filter material, in particular a filter cloth and a membrane which expands into the Filtergutraum, in particular is inflatable. The membrane and / or the filter cloth is movable during and / or after the opening of the plate filter for discharging the filter cloth. Filter cloth is to be understood in this application wide in the sense of flat filter element. For this purpose, a control is preferably provided which automatically sets the membrane and / or the filter cloth in motion when, or after the plate filter is opened.

The membrane may be an inflatable membrane that can move into the filter material space by introducing an inflation medium, in particular a liquid or a gas, into a membrane inflation space and can move back out of the filter material space by discharging the inflation medium.

Preferably, the plate filter comprises a device for pulse-like introduction and / or discharge of the inflation medium. Thus, a vibration can be generated in the membrane in a simple manner, for example by appropriate pumps and / or a corresponding control. Advantageously, the plate filter also comprises means for generating a negative pressure in the membrane inflation space.

Advantageously, in the membrane inflation space is an uneven surface or uneven structure, d. H. an uneven surface or structure having a plurality of elevations is provided. The same can be realized by bars, grids or a structured surface or in particular periodically arranged elevations. When the membrane engages the surface in a deflated position (but, for example, at negative pressure in the membrane inflation space), the pattern presses through the membrane such that the membrane has a corresponding uneven surface.

The membrane may have an inhomogeneous structure, in particular regions which expand differently. Advantageously, the plate filter is used for simultaneous mashing and filtering. This is particularly advantageous since both processes can be carried out with one device. In this case, the wort produced in the plate filter can be recirculated to an inlet of the plate filter, wherein in this circulation line, a heat exchanger may be provided to temper the wort, which flows through the stored mash.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the following figures.

Fig. 1A shows a roughly schematic section through part of a plate filter with a combined filter membrane plate.

Fig. 1B shows a section through a plate filter with a filter plate and a membrane plate with two membranes.

FIGS. 1C to 1E show different membrane surfaces.

FIGS. 2A to 2D show different membrane expansions in longitudinal section.

FIGS. 3A to 3C show a longitudinal section through membranes and different ones

Membrane movements.

FIGS. 4A to 4C show examples of structured membrane surfaces.

5A shows a perspective view of a lamellar membrane,

FIGS. 5B and 5C show a longitudinal section through a filter chamber according to the invention with the membrane shown in FIG. 5A.

FIGS. 6A to 6D show longitudinal sections through a further embodiment according to FIG

Invention.

Figs. 7A and 7B show a longitudinal section through another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8A shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment according to the present invention.

Fig. 8B shows a perspective view of another embodiment according to the present invention. 9A and 9B show a longitudinal section through further embodiments according to the present invention.

10A to 10C show a longitudinal section through further embodiments according to the present invention

Fig. 1 1 shows a longitudinal section according to another embodiment of the present invention with movable filter cloth and movable membrane.

Figs. 12A to 12D show longitudinal sections through another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13 shows a perspective view of a possible embodiment of a membrane plate with two membranes.

Fig. 14 shows a perspective view of a plate filter with a bottom which can be opened.

Figs. 15 and 16 show a plate filter according to the prior art.

17 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a plate filter according to the invention

FIGS. 15 and 16 show possible embodiments for a plate filter 1. In this case, as is known from the prior art, individual filter chambers 3 are pressed tightly by a punch on a top plate 18a. There are different embodiments of plates which can be pressed together. Thus, for example, a filter chamber 3 can be delimited by two plates 14 between which a further plate or a further frame 20 with a filter cloth and / or membrane is arranged, at the beginning and at the end end plates 18a, 18b are provided, but also other plate configurations possible, for example, in which a filter cloth 15 is already integrated on a side of the plate.

In order to empty the materials retained during the filtration from the filter spaces, the plate filter 1 is conventionally opened by moving apart the plates previously pressed by a punch / spindle (FIG. 16) and the filter cake (in the beer filtration of the spent grains) can fall down below.

However, it is also advantageously possible, as shown in FIG. 14, that a bottom opening 4 in the bottom region 5 of a respective filter chamber 3 is provided for discharging the filter core. opened. In this case, for example, the bottom element 7 of a plate filter may be formed as a movable flap. It is also possible that the individual filter chambers 3 are opened individually, or in each case a plurality of filter chambers in the bottom area are opened together. The bottom opening 4 should be located at least below the respective filter material space, ie, unfiltered space 3a of the filter chamber 3.

As can be seen from FIG. 17, each filter chamber 3 can have a bottom opening 4, which can be closed in each case via its own closure element, here a flap. The flaps can close either one or several filter chambers. The flaps can be closed and opened via a common mechanism. The plate filter 1 is connected via corresponding walls to a spent grain bunker 40 such that emissions can be reduced.

FIGS. 1A and 1B show different possible embodiments of filter chambers in longitudinal section. Fig. 1A clearly shows the filter chamber 3, which is formed between two filter plates 14. There are many different ways in which the individual plates can be configured and assembled. In this embodiment, the plates 14 are formed as combined filters and membrane plates 14, while the plate 14 may be formed as a frame, for example, by a filter cloth 15 is disposed on the right side and the opposite side an inflatable membrane 36, which is formed for example of rubber or polypropylene polyvinylidene fluoride and its derivatives, in particular polypropyl carbonate, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, PVDT or TPE. The fact that this is a combined filter membrane plate, no extra frame for a filter cloth is necessary. In an area behind the membrane 36 is the inflation chamber 9, which in turn is limited by the plate 14 here. In Membranaufblasraum 9, an inflation medium can be introduced, as will be described below, such that the membrane 36 can move into the Filtergutraum 3 in and move by discharging the Aufblasmediums again from the Filtergutraum 3 a back to the plate 14. For this purpose, for example, an inlet 16, which is shown here only schematically provided. It can also be provided on the top and bottom of a corresponding inlet / outlet 16, such that a flow in the membrane inflation space 9 can be generated. For filtration, for example, mash can be fed via the filter material feed 13 to the filter material space 3a, pass through the filter cloth 15 and leave the filtrate space 3b filter chamber 3 as filtrate via a schematically indicated filtrate outlet 17. In the Filtergutraum 3a then collects the filter material 38 and the filter cake. As shown schematically represents, a plurality of filter chambers 3 may be pressed together via the plates 14 to a plate filter 1.

Fig. 1B shows a longitudinal section according to another possible embodiment. Here, for example, a plate 14, which has a membrane on each side, and a filter plate 20 with two filter cloths 15 alternate. A filter chamber 3 is then formed between the plates 14 and 20. The filter cloths 15 are clamped in the filter plate or the frame. For example, Fig. 13 shows how the membrane plate 14 can be constructed. The membranes 36 are held on both sides by further frame parts 39 on the plate 14. Here arises the membrane inflation space 9 between the membranes 36, d. h., If the plate 14 is not continuous but frame-like design, that both membranes 36 have a common diaphragm inflation space 9. If the plate 14 were continuous in FIG. 13, there would be separate membrane blowing chambers 9 for adjacent chambers 3. Also, this embodiment, like the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, has at least one inlet 16 for the inflation medium.

The inflation medium may be air or water. For this purpose, according to the invention a corresponding pump and / or valve circuit for gas / pressure pre- and relaxation can be provided, which can be controlled such that in the respective Membranaufblasraum 9, an overpressure or a negative pressure can be generated and preferably the inflation of a pulsed on or can be discharged to dissolve adhesions on the membrane and / or the filter cloth.

As can be seen from FIG. 1C, the membranes 36 can either have a smooth surface or, as shown in FIG. 1D, have a structured surface in the filter material space. As shown in Fig. 1 E, there are also membranes 36, before the filter cloths 15 for filtration on the membrane side (direction Filtergutraum) are covered.

According to the present invention, during and / or after the opening of the plate filter 1, the at least one membrane 36 is to be moved for discharging the filter material.

FIGS. 2A-D show a possible membrane expansion, two membranes 36 having a common membrane blowing space 9 by way of example here. Fig. 2A shows a condition where there is more or less no expansion, ie, an extent of about 0 degrees to a vertical, as indicated by the arrow on the membrane. Here, the pressure in the inflation space 9 is substantially equal to the pressure outside the membrane 36. If inflation medium is now introduced into the inflation space 9, the membrane 36, here expand the membranes 36 to the outside, since the pressure in the diaphragm inflation 9 increases. The tangent in the lower region of the convex membrane 36 is here in a range of approximately 5 degrees relative to the vertical. The pressure in the membrane inflation space 9 is higher than outside the membrane inflation space 9. As shown in Fig. 2C, the inflation medium may be vented again, such that the membranes 36 move inward again to either return to the initial condition as in Fig. 2A is shown to return, or as shown in Fig. 2D shows back to the initial state with a deviation of ± 3 °. If a negative pressure is generated in the membrane inflation space 9 relative to the pressure in the filter material space 3b, the membrane can be pulled further inward, but at most until either the two membranes 36 abut one another (or a corresponding membrane abuts against an adjacent component).

According to the present invention, it is particularly advantageous, as shown in Fig. 3, to generate a negative pressure in the membrane inflation space 9 by pumping inflation medium from the membrane inflation space 9. For this purpose, a pump, not shown, may be provided. For example, a membrane may be in a condition as shown in Fig. 2B, for example, when the grains are squeezed and washed out. When opening the plate filter for discharging the Filterguts 38 or the filter cake from the Filtergutraum 3a then a movement of the membrane 36 and the membranes 36 can be initiated by the membrane as shown in Fig. 2C and Fig. 2D, moved back and preferably above the initial state as shown in Figure 2A is still further inwardly moved by a negative pressure (pMembranbbiasraum <p environment) is generated. It is particularly advantageous to suddenly relieve the negative pressure, resulting in a rapid expansion of the corresponding membrane 36 and subsequent vibration of the material, whereby the filter material or the filter cake 38 is loosened and / or thrown off.

Also, by a fast pulsed, in particular pulse-like inlet and / or outlet of the inflation medium, a wave-like movement of the membrane 36 can be generated, as shown in Fig. 3B, whereby attachments (eg, Treberkuchen) are broken and / or thrown off. As shown in FIG. 3C, according to the invention, the inflation medium can also be introduced and removed from several sides.

FIGS. 4A to 4B show embodiments in which the membrane 36 has an inhomogeneous structure, in particular regions which expand differently. Here, in FIG. 4A, the membranes 36 have a functional structure in the form of a plurality of lamellae 35 on a side directed toward the membrane inflation space 9. This structure can be be executed so that they cause vibration and / or wave-like vibrations when introducing and discharging the inflation medium. FIG. 4B also has a structure which, like the embodiment in FIG. 4A, promotes breakage and thus a decrease in the filter cakes when the membrane 36 is moved back from an inflated position, ie, pulled into the inflation space. This is favored by the uneven surface with elevations 30. The membrane has here in particular areas which expand differently, and here have a different depth t1, t2. For this purpose, pore-like structures such as hole, grid, point, and / or honeycomb structures are suitable, so that upon retraction of the membranes 36, a dent pattern, as shown in Fig. 4C, may arise. Preferably, the elevations 30 are distributed uniformly over the membrane surface. By structuring z. B. also the introduction of filter material and / or a leaching / Anschwänzmedium improved and takes place more evenly. A homogeneous filter cake and a uniform leaching generally lead to an increase in efficiency and efficiency.

As shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C, in these exemplary embodiments, the membranes 36 are structured on their inside in such a way that adequate cleaning of the membrane inflation chambers 9 and thus also of the membrane inside can be ensured. For this, channel systems and / or other fluid control systems / flow elements 35 (for example webs and / or lamellas) are provided, so that a targeted flow guidance and preferably at least partially turbulent flows can take place in the membrane inflation chamber 9. In this case, for example, a cleaning speed of 0.1 to 3.5 m / s, preferably <= 1, 5 m / s is desirable. FIG. 5A shows by way of example a membrane 36 with lamellar structured cleaning elements 35, which enable a targeted flow through. During cleaning, the filter chamber is ideally filled (PFiitergutkammer> PMembranaufbiasraum) so as to allow a pressing of the membrane to the plate, here the combined filter and membrane plate 14, as shown in Fig. 5B, or the membranes 36 on each other or to press against each other, as shown in Fig. 5C, whereby the channel formation is improved.

Fig. 6 AD shows another embodiment according to the present invention. Here, the membranes 36 are connected in such a way that results in an inventive cleaning an improved Abreinigungsbild. The membranes 36 are interconnected at multiple locations, as shown in FIG. 6A, in which the pressure in the membrane inflation space 9 is substantially equal to the pressure outside the membrane 36. When the membranes 36 are inflated, the regions 44 between the connections or crosslinks expand. tongues outwardly so that they form the convex portions 44a in the form of elevations, the z. B. may be evenly distributed over the surface, so that, for example, honeycomb or grid pattern arise. During and after the opening of the filter chambers 3, for example when a respective lower bottom opening 4 is opened, a negative pressure can then be generated in the membrane inflation space 9, as shown in FIG. 6C. As a result of the connections, the surface of the membrane 36 changes its structure and the concave areas 44a become convex areas 44b such that filter cake 38 is blown off the surface, as can be seen in FIG. 6C. FIG. 6D again shows a cleaning in which cleaning medium is passed between the membranes 36, the pressure in the adjacent filter chambers 3a being higher than the pressure in the membrane blowing space 9.

As shown by way of example in FIG. 7A, optionally or additionally, a partial fixation of the membrane 36 can take place at several points. The membrane 36 may, for example, be bonded to a plate 14 via gluing, welding, casting, etc., but may also be fixed via releasable connections, as shown in FIG. 7B.

Another way of structuring the membrane surface, such that it has a multiplicity of elevations 30, is that the plate 14, which delimits the membrane inflation space 9, has a corresponding profile. For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the plate 14 may have on the surface of a plurality of recesses 45, which are arranged, for example, in the shape of a ridge, lattice, or point, etc. If the membrane 36 is pulled in the direction of the plate 14 by generating a negative pressure, the pattern is pressed through and the filter cake can be efficiently blasted off. If the membrane inflation space 9 is delimited by two membranes 36, in the case of the membrane plate 14, as shown in FIG. 1B, it is advantageous if an element with an uneven structure 47 is arranged in the membrane inflation space, in particular bars, grids, etc. For example, in FIG. 8B, three bars are shown. When the membrane 36 moves toward the bars, a better breakage and a better Abschleuderverhalten and at the same time an improved cleaning by targeted flow and / or faster flow rate or optimized turbulence, etc. also stabilize the grid or bars the plate 14th In this case, a liquid or a gas can also be introduced and / or discharged by the rods themselves.

FIG. 9 shows that at least one movable element 32 is provided in the membrane blowing space 9, that here for discharging the filter material up and down and / or in the direction of filament good 38 can move. The element can preferably be moved by means of flow in the membrane inflation space 9. In addition, as shown in FIG. 9B, the membrane 36 may be structured, in particular, elements corresponding to the inside may also be installed in the filter spaces 3a and / or between the filter cloth 15 and membranes 36. The triggering of the movements of such elements 32 can be effected, for example, by magnetic force, the introduction of a medium into the membrane inflation space 9, and / or a mechanical force. Different types of motion vectors or a variation of the number of elements 32 are also possible and according to the invention.

FIGS. 10A to 10C show an element 32 which is moved, for example, by flow and density difference. Fig. 10A shows a normal operation in which the membrane inflation space 9 is filled with water from below and thereby inflated, d. h., Expands in the Filtergutraum 3 a. Fig. 10B then shows that the water has been discharged, whereby the previously located above z. B. floatable elements 32 now presses through the surface of the membrane 36 and generates a survey 30. As shown in Fig. 10C, z. B. another medium, for. B. introduced air from above and drained the water from below, whereby a downward movement of the element and thus a breakage and a fall of the filter cake is effected downwards.

Fig. 1 1 shows a further preferred embodiment, in which case the movement of the membranes 36 and / or filter cloths 15 takes place by means of magnetic force. Here, both the filter cloths 15 and the diaphragms 36 comprise magnetic components 50 which are attached to, on or in the membranes or cloths and which are secured by a magnet 51 e.g. are movable with alternating polarity. For example, by inducing (here, for example, upward and downward movement of, for example, a pulsating electromagnet), the filter cloths or membranes are brought into oscillation and / or other movement in a temporally and spatially displaced manner, whereby the filter cake 38 can fall downwards and off down through the bottom opening 4 can be discharged.

This was an embodiment in which the filter cloth 15 was set in motion. However, the filter cloth can also be moved by means of a mechanically moved element (not shown) or via another inflatable membrane, not shown here, which adjoins the filtrate space according to the invention, in particular in order to promote emptying.

In addition, if required, functionalities can be integrated in the membranes 36 and / or double membranes, which can be used, for example, for a more homogeneous leaching of the films. cake or the filter material 38 care. For example, holes can be integrated in the membranes, which are optionally designed semipermeable. This is most easily achieved if valve-like closures 53 are integrated and which only close in one direction of flow, which is shown by way of example in FIGS. 12A to 12D. In Fig. 12A, the filling of the chamber 3 via the Filtergutzufuhr 13, wherein here already a medium in the membrane inflation space 9 may be present. 12B shows the classical process of pressing the filter material (to the left) by introducing an inflation medium behind the membrane 36 and discharging the filtrate via the filtrate outlet 17. The openings 53 according to the invention in the membrane 36 which is permeable on one side are closed. By a flow reversal, that is, the initiation of, for example, a cocking / leaching liquid z. As in the Filtratabführleitungen 17 (Fig. 12C), the filter material 38 is now pressed onto the opposite side of the chamber 3. In this case, the valves 53 open in the membrane 36, whereby here the filtrate can be removed by the previously used for the inflation medium channel. The plurality of valves 53 leads to a more uniform leaching of the filter cake 38. As shown in Fig. 12D, several such membranes and filter cloths (especially two) can be used, optionally with the same or different properties such as valve numbers, required Öffnungsdruckfeinheiten the According to the invention, moreover, all filter cloths, membranes 36 and / or plates 14 can be specifically treated on their surface (for example coated, so that static friction is reduced and thus a fall in the filter cake is favored and / or cleaning behavior can be improved.

The plate filter 1 according to the invention further comprises a controller (not shown) which automatically sets the membrane 36 and / or the filter cloth 15 in motion when or after the plate filter 1 is opened or this is opened, in particular when dividing the filter in several areas only the membrane of the filter chambers 3 are moved, which are also emptied.

In the filtration process according to the invention, in particular mash is filtered. In this case, the mash is stored on the Filtergutzufuhr 13 in the filter space 3a, wherein liquid can pass through the corresponding filter cloth 15 and 17 can be derived via a filtrate. It is possible that the introduced mash is also saccharified with the plate filter 1 according to the invention, wherein wort is discharged and fed again in the circuit to the plate filter 1. In this cycle, the wort can be heated even further, which favors the mash process. However, the plate filter 1 according to the invention is also suitable exclusively for filtration. At the end of the filtration (usually after The wort is washed out or leached out, ie, the spent grains 38. In this case, the corresponding membrane 36 can be inflated for pressing out the filter cake 38. At the end of the filtration process, ie, during and / or after opening the plate filter 1, the controller outputs a signal and drives a corresponding device to move the respective membrane 36.

In this case, according to a preferred exemplary embodiment, the pressure in the membrane inflation space 9 is reduced, and / or increased in such a way that the membrane 36 moves back and forth, preferably generating an underpressure and / or overpressure in the membrane inflation space 9. In particular, it is advantageous if pulsed, preferably pulse-like inflation medium is introduced or discharged. Water is particularly suitable as the inflation medium. As a result of the movement, filter material or filter cake can be blasted off and loosened, and can preferably be seen through a bottom opening 4 in the bottom region 5, as can be seen, for example, from FIG. 14, fall into a grain bunker 40 and be transported away there, for example, via a transport screw. The breaking up of the filter cake or filter good 38 by structured surfaces can be favored. When the surface structure changes from an inflated state of the membrane 36 as compared to a retracted state of the membrane 36, this is particularly advantageous. Elevations on the front and / or back of the membrane 36 are also advantageous as previously stated.

Claims

claims

1 . Filtration method, in particular for filtering mash with a plate filter (1) having a plurality of juxtaposed filter chambers (3) having a Filtergutraum (3a) and a Filtratraum (3b) and a filter cloth (15) and a membrane (36) in the Filtergutraum (3a) in expandable, in particular inflatable, wherein after the filtration of the plate filter (1) for clearing the Filterguts (38) is opened,

characterized in that

during and / or after opening the plate filter (1) the membrane (36) and / or the filter cloth (15) for discharging the Filterguts (38) is moved.

2. Filtration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate filter (1) by opening a bottom opening (4) in the bottom region (5) of its respective filter chamber (3) is emptied.

3. Filtration method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the membrane (36) is an inflatable membrane, which by introducing an inflation medium, in particular a liquid or a gas in a Membranaufblasraum (9), in the Filtergutraum (3a) into it can move and move back by discharging the inflation medium from the Filtergutraum (3a),

wherein for discharging the filter material, the membrane (36) is at least back and / or alternately moved back and forth and in particular by generating a negative pressure in the membrane inflation space (9), the membrane is moved back and is preferably then relieved abruptly.

4. Filtration method, according to at least one of claims 1 -3, characterized in that the membrane (36) and / or the filter cloth (15) is vibrated, in particular by clocked, preferably pulse-like input and / or discharge of the inflation medium, and / or the membrane (36) and / or the filter cloth is vibrated.

5. Filtration method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the membrane (36) when it is moved back from the Filtergutraum (3a), an uneven surface having a plurality of elevations (30), wherein the membrane (36) is moved during backward movement, in particular on an uneven surface or uneven structure (47), or the membrane has an inhomogeneous structure, in particular regions which expand differently

6. Filtration method according to at least one of claims 1 -5, characterized in that in the Membranaufblasraum (9) at least one movable element (32) is provided, which moves up for discharging the Filterguts (38) and / or towards Filtergut (38), wherein the element (32) is preferably moved by means of flow in the membrane inflation space (9).

7. Filtration method according to at least one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the filter cloth (15) and / or the membrane (36) is set in motion by magnetic force.

8. Filtration method according to at least one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the membrane at overpressure in Membranaufblasraum (9) for liquid, in particular filtrate is impermeable, and in the retracted state, d. h., When the membrane (36) is moved away from the filter material (38), liquid from the Filtergutraum (3a) in the Membranaufblasraum flows (9).

9. plate filter (1) for performing the method according to at least one of claims 1 -8, with a plurality of juxtaposed filter chambers (3) having a Filtergutraum (3a) and a Filtratraum (3b) and a filter cloth (15) and a membrane (36), which in the Filtergutraum (3a) in expandable, in particular inflatable, characterized in that

the membrane (36) and / or the filter cloth during and / or after the opening of the plate filter (1) for discharging the Filterguts (38) is movable.

10. Plate filter (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the plate filter comprises a controller (10) which automatically sets the membrane (36) and / or the filter cloth (15) in motion when or after the plate filter (1). is opened.

1 1. Plate filter (1) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the membrane (36) is an inflatable membrane (36), which by introducing an inflation medium, in particular a liquid or a gas in a Membranaufblasraum (9), in the Filtergutraum (3a) can move into it and can be moved back by discharging the inflation medium from the Filtergutraum (3a) and the plate filter (1) preferably comprises means for generating a negative pressure in the diaphragm inflation space (9).

12. plate filter (1) according to at least one of claims 9-1 1, characterized in that the plate filter comprises means for pulsed entry and / or discharge of the inflation medium.

13. Plate filter according to at least one of claims 9-12, characterized in that in Membranaufblasraum (9) an uneven surface or uneven structure (47), in particular bars, grids, structured surfaces, are arranged such that, when the Membrane (36) in a deflated position, the uneven surface or structure through the membrane (36) is pushed through, such that the membrane (36) has an uneven surface with a plurality of protrusions (30).

14. Plate filter according to at least one of claims 9-13, characterized in that the membrane (36) has an inhomogeneous structure, in particular regions which expand to different degrees.

15. Plate filter according to at least one of claims 9-14, characterized in that the membranes (36) are structured on the inside, in particular slats (35).

16. Use of a plate filter (1) according to at least one of claims 9 and 14 for simultaneous mashing and filtering.

17. Filtration method according to at least one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the surface structure of the membrane (36) in an inflated state of the membrane (36) from the surface structure in a non-inflated, in particular in the Membranaufblasraum (9) retracted state differs, and the filter cake, in particular spent grains is blown off the membrane (36).