WO2019047669A1 - 电声组件、电声装置及移动终端 - Google Patents

电声组件、电声装置及移动终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019047669A1
WO2019047669A1 PCT/CN2018/100101 CN2018100101W WO2019047669A1 WO 2019047669 A1 WO2019047669 A1 WO 2019047669A1 CN 2018100101 W CN2018100101 W CN 2018100101W WO 2019047669 A1 WO2019047669 A1 WO 2019047669A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
driving member
diaphragm
electroacoustic
leak hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/100101
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
严笔祥
Original Assignee
Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 filed Critical Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Publication of WO2019047669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019047669A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electronic device technologies, and in particular, to an electroacoustic component, an electroacoustic device, and a mobile terminal.
  • Electroacoustic components are an indispensable part of mobile terminals, and the thickness requirements of electro-acoustic components are also increasing.
  • the moving coil type electroacoustic component designs the leakage hole at the bottom of the electroacoustic component, and the electroacoustic component includes the sounding cavity and the rear sound cavity which are connected to each other, the thickness of the sounding cavity, the thickness of the rear sound cavity, and the sounding cavity and the rear sound. The connection of the cavity directly affects the thickness of the electroacoustic component.
  • the leakage hole is disposed at the bottom of the sounding cavity, and the position of the rear sound cavity connecting the leakage hole increases the space occupied by the rear sound cavity in the thickness direction, resulting in a large thickness of the electroacoustic component, which is disadvantageous to the thinness of the product. Design, affecting the user experience.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electroacoustic component, an electroacoustic device and a mobile terminal, which are used to solve the problem that the thickness of the electroacoustic component in the prior art is large and affects the user experience.
  • the present invention provides an electroacoustic assembly including a speaker unit and a case, the speaker unit being housed in the case, the speaker unit including a frame and a first driving member, a rear sound chamber is formed between the frame and the casing, the rear sound chamber is located on a circumferential side of the speaker unit, and the frame is provided with a first leak hole, and the first leak hole makes the rear sound a cavity is communicated with the sounding cavity inside the speaker unit, the first driving member is located in the sounding cavity, and is fixedly connected to the frame, and the vertical projection of the first driving component on the frame
  • the first leak holes are staggered.
  • the speaker unit further includes a diaphragm and a second driving member, a periphery of the diaphragm is fixedly coupled to the frame, and the second driving member is fixed to the diaphragm, and the The two driving members are configured to vibrate relative to the first driving member to drive the diaphragm to vibrate and sound.
  • the second driving member is a coil
  • the first driving member is a magnet
  • the first driving member includes a first magnet and a second magnet, the first magnet is fixed on the frame, the second magnet is fixed on the cover plate, and the second A drive member is located between the first magnet and the second magnet, the first leak hole being located between the vertical projection of the first magnet and the diaphragm of the first magnet.
  • the first magnet includes a first sidewall facing the diaphragm, and an inner wall of the first leak hole is flush with the first sidewall.
  • the speaker unit further includes a cover plate fixed to the frame, the cover plate is disposed opposite to the diaphragm, and the hair plate, the cover plate and the frame form the hair
  • the acoustic cavity, the frame is further provided with a second leakage hole, and the second leakage hole communicates with the rear sound chamber and the sounding cavity.
  • the second leak hole is located between the vertical projection of the first magnet and the cover plate of the first magnet, and a vertical projection of the first magnet on the frame and the The second leak holes are staggered.
  • the first magnet includes a second side wall facing the cover plate, and an inner wall of the second leak hole is flush with the second side wall.
  • the cover plate includes a first surface facing the diaphragm, and an inner wall of the second leak hole is flush with the first surface.
  • the first leak hole and the second leak hole are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first driving member.
  • the diaphragm is provided with pleats between the circumference and the geometric center, the pleats extending along the circumference of the diaphragm, and the second drive member is fixedly coupled to the pleats.
  • the casing includes a top plate and a bottom plate disposed opposite the top plate, and a side plate fixed between the top plate and the bottom plate, the diaphragm abutting the top plate, The distance from the side panels to the frame is greater than the distance from the bottom panel to the frame.
  • the electroacoustic component further includes sound absorbing particles, and the sound absorbing particles are filled in the rear sound chamber.
  • the electroacoustic assembly further includes a screen, the screen is disposed in the rear sound chamber, the screen is fixed on the frame, and the screen covers the first Leak hole.
  • a support rod is disposed in the first leak hole or the second leak hole, and the screen meshes with the support rod.
  • the cover is fixed to a surface of the bottom plate.
  • the present invention also provides an electroacoustic device, characterized in that the electroacoustic device comprises a driving circuit and the electroacoustic component according to any of the above, the driving circuit is electrically connected to the speaker unit, and controls the The speaker unit vibrates and sounds.
  • the speaker unit further includes a diaphragm and a second driving member, a periphery of the diaphragm is fixedly coupled to the frame, the second driving member is fixed to the diaphragm, and the driving A circuit is electrically coupled to the second drive member, the drive circuit controlling the second drive member to vibrate relative to the first drive member.
  • the present invention also provides a mobile terminal comprising the electroacoustic device according to any of the above.
  • the mobile terminal further includes a housing and a motherboard, the motherboard is fixed in the housing, and the driving circuit is integrated on the motherboard.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the first leaking hole communicates with the sound chamber and the sounding chamber, and the sound chamber vibration causes the gas to flow between the sounding chamber and the rear sound chamber, and the rear sound chamber improves the sound quality of the sound produced by the electroacoustic component, the first leak
  • the hole is disposed on the frame, which saves the space dimension in the thickness direction of the rear sound chamber, thereby reducing the thickness dimension of the electroacoustic component, and the first driving component is fixed on the frame and is offset from the first leak hole, and does not block the flow path of the gas. It is conducive to the thin and light design of the product and improves the user experience.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electroacoustic component according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a speaker unit of an electroacoustic assembly according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electroacoustic assembly according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first leak hole of an electroacoustic assembly according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electroacoustic component according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a speaker unit of an electroacoustic assembly according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electroacoustic assembly according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electroacoustic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electroacoustic component 100 of the first embodiment of the present invention includes a speaker unit 10 and a box body 14 .
  • the speaker unit 10 is received in the box body 14 , and the speaker unit 10 includes
  • the frame 12 and the first driving member 54 form a rear sound chamber 1400 between the frame 12 and the casing 14.
  • the frame 12 is provided with a first leak hole 120a, and the first leak hole 120a makes the rear sound chamber 1400 and the speaker unit 10 internal.
  • the sounding chamber 1000 is in communication.
  • the first driving member 54 is located in the sounding chamber 1000 and is fixedly coupled to the frame 12.
  • the vertical projection of the first driving member 54 on the frame 12 is offset from the first leak hole 120a.
  • the speaker unit 10 is used to vibrate to emit sound waves to form a sound, and the vibration of the speaker unit 10 causes vibration of air or gas in the sounding chamber 1000, and the speaker unit 10 is placed in the casing 14, the speaker unit 10 A rear sound chamber 1400 is formed between the casing 14 and the sound chamber 1400 is filled with the sound absorbing particles 20, and the first leak hole 120a causes the rear sound chamber 1400 to communicate with the sound chamber 1000 inside the speaker unit 10, and the screen 40 is disposed at In the rear sound chamber 1400, to prevent the sound absorbing particles 20 from entering the first leak hole 120a, the vertical projection of the screen 40 on the speaker unit 10 covers the first leak hole 120a, and the size of the screen 40 is larger than that of the first leak hole 120a. size.
  • the first leak hole 120a communicates with the sound chamber 1000 and the rear sound chamber 1400.
  • the gas in the sound chamber 1000 is vibrated to compress or stretch; when the gas is compressed, the gas passes through the first leak hole 120a from the sound chamber. 1000 enters the rear sound chamber 1400, and causes the sound absorbing particles 20 in the rear sound chamber 1400 to vibrate.
  • the friction between the sound absorbing particles 20 consumes the energy of the sound wave, changes the vibration effect of the gas, and changes the characteristics of the sound wave; when the gas is stretched,
  • the gas enters the sounding chamber 1000 from the rear sound chamber 1400 through the first leak hole 120a, and affects the characteristics of the sound wave propagating outward from the diaphragm 70, thereby optimizing the sound quality effect of the sound emitted by the electroacoustic unit 100.
  • the first leak hole 120a communicates with the sound chamber 1400 and the sound chamber 1000, and the sound chamber 1000 vibrates to cause gas to flow between the sound chamber 1000 and the rear chamber 1400.
  • the rear chamber 1400 improves the sound quality of the sound produced by the electroacoustic unit 100, first
  • the leakage hole 120a is disposed on the frame 12, which saves the spatial dimension of the thickness chamber 1400 in the thickness direction, thereby reducing the thickness dimension of the electroacoustic assembly 100.
  • the first driving member 54 is fixed on the frame 12 and is opposite to the first leakage hole 120a. Staggered, does not block the flow path of the gas, is conducive to the product's thin and light design, improve user experience.
  • the first leak hole 120a is located between the top end and the bottom end.
  • the first leak hole 120a may be a circular hole or a strip hole.
  • the frame 12 can be a plastic piece or a metal piece.
  • the speaker unit 10 further includes a diaphragm 70 and a second driving member 52.
  • the peripheral edge of the diaphragm 70 is fixedly coupled to the frame 12, the second driving member 52 is fixed to the diaphragm 70, and the second driving member 52 is used for
  • the first driving member 54 vibrates to drive the diaphragm 70 to vibrate, and the first leakage hole 120a is located between the second driving member 52 and the diaphragm 70.
  • the first leakage hole 120a communicates with the sounding cavity 1000 and the rear sound cavity 1400.
  • the frame 12 includes a top end and a bottom end disposed opposite the top end. The top end is fixedly connected to the periphery of the diaphragm 70.
  • the frame 12 can be a plastic piece or a metal piece.
  • the second drive member 52 is a coil.
  • the first drive member 54 is a magnet. After the second driver 52 receives the current signal, a magnetic field is generated. The second driving member 52 also changes in the direction of the magnetic field generated according to the change of the current signal.
  • the first driving member 54 is a permanent magnet, and the direction of the magnetic field of the first driving member 54 does not change.
  • the second driving member 52 is subjected to the magnetic field interaction of the first driving member 54 under the change of the current signal, and can slide closer to or away from the first driving member 54, thereby driving the diaphragm 70 to vibrate.
  • the first driver 54 includes a first magnet 542 that is secured to the face 124 of the inner wall 1200 and a second magnet 544 that is located inside the first magnet 542.
  • the top of the second driving member 52 is fixedly connected to the pleats 72 of the diaphragm 70, and the bottom of the second driving member 52 is received in the space. Since the second driving member 52 slides up and down within the pitch, the thickness of the speaker unit 10 can be effectively reduced.
  • the second drive member 52 slides relative to the first drive member 54 in a direction generally normal to the diaphragm 70.
  • the second driving member 52 is reciprocally slidable relative to the first driving member 54, thereby driving the region of the diaphragm 70 substantially close to the geometric center to reciprocally vibrate in the normal direction.
  • the airflow is caused to flow, thereby generating sound waves.
  • the sound waves can propagate from the diaphragm 70 to the outside of the electroacoustic assembly 100 so as to be received by the user.
  • the frame 12 includes opposite outer wall faces 122 and inner wall 1200 faces 124.
  • the first drive member 54 is at least partially secured to the inner wall 1200 face 124 of the frame 12.
  • the diaphragm 70 is provided with pleats 72 between the circumference and the geometric center.
  • the pleats 72 extend in the circumferential direction of the diaphragm 70.
  • the pleats 72 reduce the tension of the diaphragm 70, so that the diaphragm 70 is more susceptible to deformation vibration in a region close to the geometric center.
  • the pleats 72 are fixedly coupled to the second driving member 52 to facilitate the deformation of the diaphragm 70 by the second driving member 52.
  • the material of the diaphragm 70 may be paper, fiber material, metal material, wool material, silk material or the like.
  • the speaker unit 10 further includes a cover plate 60 fixed to the frame 12, the cover plate 60 is disposed relative to the diaphragm 70, and the sounding cavity 1000 is formed between the diaphragm 70, the cover plate 60 and the frame 12, and the first leakage hole is formed.
  • the 120a communicates with the sound chamber 1000 and the rear chamber 1400.
  • the casing 14 includes a top plate 142 and a bottom plate 146 disposed opposite the top plate 142, and a side plate 144 fixed between the top plate 142 and the bottom plate 146.
  • the diaphragm 70 abuts against the top plate 142, and the distance between the side plate 144 and the frame 12 is greater than the distance from the bottom plate 146 to the top plate 142, so that the rear sound chamber 1400 is formed on the side of the speaker unit 10, reducing the thickness of the electroacoustic assembly 100.
  • the size is advantageous for the slim and light design of the mobile terminal 300.
  • the cover plate 60 abuts against the bottom plate 146. That is, the distance from the bottom plate 146 to the cover plate 60 is smaller than the distance from the side plate 144 to the frame 12.
  • the circumference of the cover plate 60 is fixed to the inner side of the frame 12 such that the distance from the bottom plate 146 to the cover plate 60 is smaller than the distance from the side plate 144 to the frame 12, and the main space of the rear sound chamber 1400 is located on the circumferential side of the speaker unit 10, so that the case body
  • the thickness of the cover 14 is sufficiently small.
  • the cover plate 60 is attached to the surface of the bottom plate 146 such that the rear sound chamber 1400 is entirely located on the circumferential side of the speaker unit 10, reducing the thickness of the casing 14.
  • the screen 40 is a gauze.
  • the gauze may be an opening that covers the first leak hole 120a at the outer wall surface 122.
  • the first leak hole 120a is covered by the screen 40 to prevent the sound absorbing particles 20 from entering the sounding chamber 1000, thereby avoiding affecting the sound of the speaker unit 10.
  • the screen 40 covers the first leak hole 120a, so that the sound absorbing particles 20 can be completely filled between the side plate 144 and the frame 12 without first encapsulating the sound absorbing particles 20 and then being accommodated in the rear sound chamber 1400.
  • the sound quality of the electroacoustic device 200 is improved, and the production cost of the electroacoustic device 200 is reduced.
  • the first magnet 542 includes a first side wall 54a facing the diaphragm 70, and the inner wall 1200 of the first leak hole 120a is flush with the first side wall 54a, thereby maximizing the size of the first leak hole 120a.
  • the first leak hole 120a is located between the diaphragm 70 and the vertical projection of the first magnet 542 at the frame 12. Without affecting the strength of the frame 12, increasing the size of the first leak hole 120a is advantageous for increasing the gas per unit time.
  • the amount of the sound chamber 1400 and the sound chamber 1000 after entering and exiting that is, the speed of the sound chamber 1400 and the sound chamber 1000 after the gas enters and exits, thereby enhancing the sound quality enhancement effect of the sound chamber 1400 on the electroacoustic unit 100.
  • the cover plate 60 is fixed to the surface of the bottom plate 146, and there is no gap between the cover plate 60 and the bottom plate 146, thereby further reducing the thickness of the electroacoustic assembly 100.
  • a support rod 125 is disposed in the first leak hole 120a, and the screen 40 is attached to the support rod 125 for reinforcing the connection between the screen 40 and the outer wall surface 122.
  • the support rod 125 assists the flattening screen 40, and the support rod 125 and the sound absorbing particles 20 are respectively located on opposite sides of the screen 40, and the sound absorbing particles 20 are pressed against the screen 40 due to gravity or product shaking.
  • the number of support bars 125 is two and is disposed in an intersecting manner.
  • the first leak hole 120a communicates with the sound chamber 1400 and the sound chamber 1000, and the sound chamber 1000 vibrates to cause gas to flow between the sound chamber 1000 and the rear chamber 1400.
  • the rear chamber 1400 improves the sound quality of the sound produced by the electroacoustic unit 100, first
  • the leakage hole 120a is provided on the frame 12, which saves the spatial size of the thickness chamber 1400 in the thickness direction, thereby reducing the thickness dimension of the electroacoustic assembly 100, and the first magnet 542 is fixed to the frame 12 and is offset from the first leakage hole 120a.
  • the flow path of the gas is not blocked, which is beneficial to the thin and light design of the product and improves the user experience.
  • the difference between the electroacoustic component 100 and the first embodiment of the present invention is that the electroacoustic component 100 further includes a second leakage hole 120b, and the second leakage hole 120b is connected.
  • the rear sound chamber 1400 and the sound chamber 1000, the second leak hole 120b enhances the gas exchange rate between the sound chamber 1000 and the rear chamber 1400, thereby enhancing the sound quality enhancement effect of the back chamber 1400 on the electroacoustic assembly 100.
  • the second leak hole 120b is located between the vertical projection of the first magnet 542 on the frame 12 and the cover plate 60, and the vertical projection of the first magnet 542 on the frame 12 is offset from the second leak hole 120b.
  • the second leakage hole 120b communicates with the sound chamber 1400 and the sounding chamber 1000, and the sound chamber 1000 vibrates to cause gas to flow between the sound chamber 1000 and the rear sound chamber 1400.
  • the rear sound chamber 1400 improves the sound quality of the sound produced by the electroacoustic assembly 100
  • second The leakage hole 120b is provided on the frame 12, which saves the spatial size of the thickness chamber 1400 in the thickness direction, thereby reducing the thickness dimension of the electroacoustic assembly 100
  • the first magnet 542 is fixed on the frame 12 and is offset from the second leakage hole 120b.
  • the flow path of the gas is not blocked, which is beneficial to the thin and light design of the product and improves the user experience.
  • the first magnet 542 includes a second side wall 54b facing the cover plate 60, and the inner wall 1200 of the second leak hole 120b is flush with the second side wall 54b, thereby maximizing the size of the second leak hole 120b.
  • the second leakage hole 120b is located between the first magnet 542 and the cover plate 60. Without affecting the strength of the frame 12, increasing the size of the second leakage hole 120b is advantageous for increasing the sound chamber 1400 after the gas is in and out of the unit time.
  • the amount of the sound chamber 1000 that is, the velocity of the sound chamber 1400 and the sound chamber 1000 after the gas enters and exits, thereby enhancing the sound quality enhancement effect of the sound chamber 1400 on the electroacoustic unit 100.
  • the cover plate 60 includes a first surface 600 facing the diaphragm 70, and the inner wall 1200 of the second leak hole 120b is flush with the first surface 600, thereby maximizing the size of the second leak hole 120b, the second leak The hole 120b is located between the first driving member 54 and the cover plate 60.
  • increasing the size of the second leakage hole 120b is advantageous for increasing the sound chamber 1400 and the sounding chamber after the gas is in and out per unit time.
  • the amount of 1000 that is, the velocity of the sound chamber 1400 and the sound chamber 1000 after the gas enters and exits, thereby enhancing the sound quality enhancement effect of the back chamber 1400 on the electroacoustic assembly 100.
  • the first leakage hole 120a and the second leakage hole 120b are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first driving member 54.
  • the first leakage hole 120a and the second leakage hole 120b are symmetrically distributed, and the first leakage hole 120a and the second leakage hole 120b have the same size.
  • the gas uniformly enters and exits the sound chamber 1400 and the hair.
  • the sound cavity 1000 is beneficial to improve the sound quality.
  • the sound chamber 1000 vibrates to cause gas to flow between the sound chamber 1000 and the rear sound chamber 1400, and the rear sound chamber 1400 improves the electro-acoustic assembly 100.
  • the sound quality of the sound, the first leak hole 120a and the second leak hole 120b are provided on the frame 12, which saves the space size in the thickness direction of the rear sound chamber 1400, thereby reducing the thickness dimension of the electroacoustic assembly 100, and the first driving member 54 It is fixed on the frame 12 and is offset from the first leakage hole 120a and the second leakage hole 120b, and does not block the flow path of the gas, which is beneficial to the thin and light design of the product and improves the user experience.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electroacoustic device 200.
  • the electroacoustic device 200 includes a driving circuit 80 and an electroacoustic component 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the driving circuit 80 is electrically connected to the speaker unit 10, and is controlled.
  • the speaker unit 10 vibrates and sounds.
  • the driving circuit 80 is electrically connected to the first driving member 54 or the second driving member 52.
  • the driving circuit 80 drives the mutual movement between the first driving member 54 and the second driving member 52, so that the diaphragm 70 vibrates and sounds.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a mobile terminal 300, which includes the electro-acoustic device 200 provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mobile terminal 300 includes a housing 92 and a main board 90 fixed in the housing 92, wherein the driving circuit 80 is integrated on the main board 90.
  • the electroacoustic device 200 is fixed to the bottom end of the housing 92.
  • the first driving member 54 of the electroacoustic assembly 100 is electrically connected to the main board 90, receives the current signal of the main board 90, and is further slidable relative to the second driving member 52, and causes the electroacoustic assembly 100 to sound.
  • the mobile terminal 300 can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, or the like.
  • the sound chamber 1000 vibrates to cause gas to flow between the sound chamber 1000 and the rear sound chamber 1400, and the rear sound chamber 1400 improves the electro-acoustic assembly 100.
  • the sound quality of the sound, the first leak hole 120a and the second leak hole 120b are provided on the frame 12, which saves the space size in the thickness direction of the rear sound chamber 1400, thereby reducing the thickness dimension of the electroacoustic assembly 100, and the first driving member 54 It is fixed on the frame 12 and is offset from the first leakage hole 120a and the second leakage hole 120b, and does not block the flow path of the gas, which is beneficial to the thin and light design of the product and improves the user experience.

Abstract

本发明公布了一种电声组件，包括扬声器单体和盒体，所述扬声器单体收容于所述盒体内，所述扬声器单体包括框架和第一驱动件，所述框架与所述盒体之间形成后音腔，所述后音腔位于所述扬声器单体的周侧，所述框架上设有第一泄漏孔，所述第一泄漏孔使得所述后音腔与所述扬声器单体内部的发声腔连通，所述第一驱动件位于所述发声腔内，且固定连接至所述框架，所述第一驱动件在所述框架上的垂直投影与所述第一泄漏孔错开。本发明还公布了一种电声装置和移动终端。降低了电声组件的厚度尺寸，第一驱动件固定在框架上且与第一泄漏孔错开，不遮挡气体的流动路径，有利于产品的轻薄化设计，提高用户体验。

Description

电声组件、电声装置及移动终端
本申请要求于2017年9月8日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710807873.7、发明名称为“电声组件、电声装置及移动终端”的中国专利申请的优先权，上述在先申请的内容以引入的方式并入本文本中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电子设备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种电声组件、电声装置及移动终端。
背景技术
随着移动终端产品的应用越来越广泛，用户越来越青睐轻薄化的移动终端设计，电声组件作为移动终端不可缺少的一部分，电声组件的厚度要求也越来越高。目前动圈式的电声组件将泄漏孔都设计在电声组件的底部，电声组件包括相互连通的发声腔与后音腔，发声腔的厚度、后音腔的厚度及发声腔与后音腔的连接方式都直接影响着电声组件的厚度。现有技术中，泄漏孔设置于发声腔的底部，后音腔连接泄漏孔的位置增大了后音腔在厚度方向上占用的空间，导致电声组件的厚度尺寸大，不利于产品的轻薄化设计，影响用户体验。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种电声组件、电声装置及移动终端，用以解决现有技术中电声组件的厚度尺寸大，影响用户体验的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种电声组件，包括扬声器单体和盒体，所述扬声器单体收容于所述盒体内，所述扬声器单体包括框架和第一驱动件，所述框架与所述盒体之间形成后音腔，所述后音腔位于所述扬声器单体的周侧，所述框架上设有第一泄漏孔，所述第一泄漏孔使得所述后音腔与所述扬声器单体内部的发声腔连通，所述第一驱动件位于所述发声腔内，且固定连接至所述框架，所述第一驱动件在所述框架上的垂直投影与所述第一泄漏孔错开。
一种实施方式中，所述扬声器单体还包括振膜和第二驱动件，所述振膜的周缘固定连接于所述框架，所述第二驱动件固定于所述振膜，所述第二驱动件用于相对所述第一驱动件振动，以带动所述振膜振动发声。
一种实施方式中，所述第二驱动件为线圈，所述第一驱动件为磁体。
一种实施方式中，所述第一驱动件包括第一磁体与第二磁体，所述第一磁体固定于所述框架上，所述第二磁体固定于所述盖板上，所述第二驱动件位于所述第一磁体与所述第二磁体之间，所述第一泄漏孔位于所述第一磁体在所述框架的垂直投影与所述振膜之间。
一种实施方式中，所述第一磁体包括面对所述振膜的第一侧壁，所述第一泄漏孔的内壁与所述第一侧壁平齐。
一种实施方式中，所述扬声器单体还包括固定于所述框架的盖板，所述盖板相对所述振膜设置，所述振膜、盖板和所述框架之间形成所述发声腔，所述框架还设有第二泄漏孔，所述第二泄漏孔连通所述后音腔与所述发声腔。
一种实施方式中，所述第二泄漏孔位于所述第一磁体在所述框架的垂直投影与所述盖板之间，且所述第一磁体在所述框架上的垂直投影与所述第二泄漏孔错开。
一种实施方式中，所述第一磁体包括面对所述盖板的第二侧壁，所述第二泄漏孔的内壁与所述第二侧壁平齐。
一种实施方式中，所述盖板包括面对所述振膜的第一表面，所述第二泄漏孔的内壁与所述第一表面平齐。
一种实施方式中，所述第一泄漏孔与所述第二泄漏孔对称分布于所述第一驱动件的两侧。
一种实施方式中，所述振膜在周缘和几何中心之间设有褶皱，所述褶皱沿所述振膜的周向延伸，所述第二驱动件固定连接至所述褶皱。
一种实施方式中，所述盒体包括顶板和相对所述顶板设置的底板，以及固定于所述顶板和所述底板之间的侧板，所述振膜抵接于所述顶板，所述侧板至所述框架的距离大于所述底板至所述框架的距离。
一种实施方式中，所述电声组件还包括吸声颗粒，所述吸声颗粒填充于所述后音腔。
一种实施方式中，所述电声组件还包括筛网，所述筛网设于所述后音腔内， 所述筛网固定于所述框架上，且所述筛网覆盖所述第一泄漏孔。
一种实施方式中，所述第一泄漏孔或所述第二泄漏孔内设有支承杆，所述筛网贴合所述支承杆。
一种实施方式中，所述盖板固定于所述底板的表面。
本发明还提供一种电声装置，其特征在于，所述电声装置包括驱动电路与以上任意一项所述电声组件，所述驱动电路电连接至所述扬声器单体，并控制所述扬声器单体振动发声。
一种实施方式中，所述扬声器单体还包括振膜和第二驱动件，所述振膜的周缘固定连接于所述框架，所述第二驱动件固定于所述振膜，所述驱动电路电连接至所述第二驱动件，所述驱动电路控制所述第二驱动件相对所述第一驱动件振动。
本发明还提供一种移动终端，包括以上任意一项所述的电声装置。
一种实施方式中，所述移动终端还包括壳体和主板，所述主板固定于所述壳体内，所述驱动电路集成于所述主板上。
本发明的有益效果如下：第一泄漏孔连通后音腔与发声腔，发声腔振动引起气体在发声腔与后音腔之间流动，后音腔改善电声组件发出声音的音质，第一泄漏孔设于框架上，节省了后音腔的厚度方向的空间尺寸，从而降低了电声组件的厚度尺寸，第一驱动件固定在框架上且与第一泄漏孔错开，不遮挡气体的流动路径，有利于产品的轻薄化设计，提高用户体验。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的明显变形方式。
图1为本发明实施例一提供的电声组件的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例一提供的电声组件的扬声器单体的截面示意图。
图3为本发明实施例一提供的电声组件的截面示意图。
图4为本发明实施例一提供的电声组件的第一泄漏孔的示意图。
图5为本发明实施例二提供的电声组件的结构示意图。
图6为本发明实施例二提供的电声组件的扬声器单体的截面示意图。
图7为本发明实施例二提供的电声组件的截面示意图。
图8为本发明实施例提供的电声装置的结构示意图。
图9为本发明实施例提供的移动终端的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请一并参阅图1、图2及图3，本发明实施例一提供的电声组件100包括扬声器单体10和盒体14，扬声器单体10收容于盒体14内，扬声器单体10包括框架12和第一驱动件54，框架12与盒体14之间形成后音腔1400，框架12上设有第一泄漏孔120a，第一泄漏孔120a使得后音腔1400与扬声器单体10内部的发声腔1000连通，第一驱动件54位于发声腔1000内，且固定连接至框架12，第一驱动件54在框架12上的垂直投影与第一泄漏孔120a错开。
具体的，扬声器单体10用于振动发出声波，从而形成声音，扬声器单体10的振动引起发声腔1000内的空气或气体的振动，扬声器单体10置于盒体14中，扬声器单体10与盒体14之间形成后音腔1400，后音腔1400内填充吸声颗粒20，第一泄漏孔120a使得后音腔1400与扬声器单体10内部的发声腔1000连通，筛网40设于后音腔1400内，以阻止吸声颗粒20进入第一泄漏孔120a，筛网40在扬声器单体10上的垂直投影覆盖第一泄漏孔120a，筛网40的尺寸大于第一泄漏孔120a的尺寸。第一泄漏孔120a连通发声腔1000与后音腔1400，扬声器单体10工作时，发声腔1000内的气体被振动而压缩或拉伸；压缩气体时，气体通过第一泄漏孔120a从发声腔1000进入后音腔1400，并引起后音腔1400内的吸声颗粒20振动，吸声颗粒20之间的摩擦消耗声波的能量，改变气体的振动效果，改变声波的特性；拉伸气体时，气体通过第一泄漏孔120a从后音腔1400进入发声腔1000，并影响振膜70向外传播的声波的特性，从而优化电声组件100发出的声 音的音质效果。
第一泄漏孔120a连通后音腔1400与发声腔1000，发声腔1000振动引起气体在发声腔1000与后音腔1400之间流动，后音腔1400改善电声组件100发出声音的音质，第一泄漏孔120a设于框架12上，节省了后音腔1400的厚度方向的空间尺寸，从而降低了电声组件100的厚度尺寸，第一驱动件54固定在框架12上且与第一泄漏孔120a错开，不遮挡气体的流动路径，有利于产品的轻薄化设计，提高用户体验。
本实施例中，第一泄漏孔120a位于顶端和底端之间。第一泄漏孔120a可以为圆形孔，也可以是条形孔。框架12可以是塑胶件，也可以是金属件。
本实施例中，扬声器单体10还包括振膜70和第二驱动件52，振膜70的周缘固定连接于框架12，第二驱动件52固定于振膜70，第二驱动件52用于相对第一驱动件54振动，以带动振膜70振动发声，第一泄漏孔120a位于第二驱动件52与振膜70之间。第一泄漏孔120a连通发声腔1000与后音腔1400，扬声器单体10工作时，通电的第二驱动件52相对第一驱动件54运动，与第二驱动件52固定连接的振膜70与第二驱动件52同步运动，或理解为振膜70振动形成声波，振膜70振动压缩或拉伸发声腔1000内的气体。框架12包括顶端和相对顶端设置的底端。顶端固定连接振膜70的周缘。框架12可以是塑胶件，也可以是金属件。
一种实施方式中，第二驱动件52为线圈。第一驱动件54为磁体。第二驱动件52接收电流信号后，产生磁场。第二驱动件52根据电流信号的变化，从而产生的磁场方向也产生变化。而第一驱动件54为永磁体，第一驱动件54的磁场方向不会产生变化。第二驱动件52在电流信号的变化下受第一驱动件54的磁场相互作用，可以靠近或远离第一驱动件54滑动，进而带动振膜70振动。第一驱动件54包括固定于内壁1200面124的第一磁体542和位于第一磁体542内侧的第二磁体544。第一磁体542和第二磁体544之间存在间距。第二驱动件52的顶部固定连接振膜70的褶皱72，第二驱动件52的底部收容于间距内。由于第二驱动件52在间距内上下滑动，可以有效减小扬声器单体10的厚度。
一种实施方式中，第二驱动件52沿大致平行振膜70法向的方向相对第一驱动件54滑动。第二驱动件52可相对第一驱动件54往复滑动，从而带动振膜70的大致靠近几何中心的区域沿法向往复振动。振膜70在大致靠近几何中心的区 域振动时，带动气流流动，从而产生声波。声波可以从振膜70向电声组件100的外侧传播，从而可以被用户接收到。由于第一泄漏孔120a的出声方向大致垂直振膜70的法向，即电声组件100在大致平行振膜70法向的方向上不存在声音传播路径，从而框架12的顶端和底端分别可以抵靠在外部件上，从而使得扬声器单体10可以稳固安装，并且节省了使用空间。框架12包括相对设置的外壁面122和内壁1200面124，本实施方式中，第一驱动件54至少部分固定于框架12的内壁1200面124。
一种实施方式中，振膜70在周缘和几何中心之间设有褶皱72。褶皱72沿振膜70的周向延伸。褶皱72减小振膜70的张力，从而使得振膜70在靠近几何中心的区域更容易产生形变振动。褶皱72固定连接第二驱动件52，方便第二驱动件52带动振膜70产生形变。振膜70的材质可以是纸质、纤维材质、金属材质、羊毛材质、蚕丝材质等。
本实施例中，扬声器单体10还包括固定于框架12的盖板60，盖板60相对振膜70设置，振膜70、盖板60和框架12之间形成发声腔1000，第一泄漏孔120a连通发声腔1000与后音腔1400。
本实施例中，盒体14包括顶板142和相对顶板142设置的底板146，以及固定于顶板142和底板146之间的侧板144。振膜70抵顶于顶板142，侧板144至框架12的距离大于底板146至顶板142的距离，从而使后音腔1400形成于扬声器单体10的侧边，减小电声组件100的厚度尺寸，利于移动终端300的轻薄化设计。
本实施方式中，盖板60抵触于底板146。即底板146至盖板60的距离小于侧板144至框架12的距离。盖板60的周缘固定于框架12的内侧，从而底板146至盖板60的距离小于侧板144至框架12的距离，后音腔1400的主要空间位于扬声器单体10的周侧，使得盒体14的厚度足够小，一种实施方式中，盖板60贴合于底板146的表面，从而使后音腔1400全部位于扬声器单体10的周侧，减小盒体14的厚度。
本实施方式中，筛网40为纱布。纱布可以是遮盖第一泄漏孔120a在外壁面122的开口。通过筛网40遮盖第一泄漏孔120a，避免吸声颗粒20进入发声腔1000，避免影响扬声器单体10发声。筛网40遮盖第一泄漏孔120a，使得吸声颗粒20可以完全填充于侧板144和框架12之间，而不需要先对吸声颗粒20进行封装后 再收容于后音腔1400内，既提升了电声装置200的音质，又减少了电声装置200的生产成本。
本实施方式中，第一磁体542包括面对振膜70的第一侧壁54a，第一泄漏孔120a的内壁1200与第一侧壁54a平齐，从而最大化第一泄漏孔120a的尺寸，第一泄漏孔120a位于振膜70与第一磁体542在框架12的垂直投影之间，在不影响框架12的强度的前提下，增大第一泄漏孔120a的尺寸有利于增大单位时间气体进出后音腔1400与发声腔1000的量，即气体进出后音腔1400与发声腔1000的速率，从而加强后音腔1400对电声组件100的音质提升效果。
本实施方式中，盖板60固定于底板146的表面，盖板60与底板146之间没有间隙，从而进一步的降低了电声组件100的厚度。
结合图4，本实施例中，第一泄漏孔120a内设有支承杆125，筛网40贴合支承杆125，支承杆125用于加固筛网40与外壁面122的连接。具体的，支承杆125辅助撑平筛网40，支承杆125与吸声颗粒20分别位于筛网40的相对的两侧，吸声颗粒20由于自身重力或产品摇晃产生对筛网40的挤压力，若挤压力过大会导致筛网40从外壁面122脱落，支承杆125从筛网40背离吸声颗粒20的一侧向筛网40提供支撑力，避免筛网40形变而脱落，降低了产品的维护周期，降低了产品的维护成本。一种实施方式中，支承杆125的数量为两个，且交叉设置。
第一泄漏孔120a连通后音腔1400与发声腔1000，发声腔1000振动引起气体在发声腔1000与后音腔1400之间流动，后音腔1400改善电声组件100发出声音的音质，第一泄漏孔120a设于框架12上，节省了后音腔1400的厚度方向的空间尺寸，从而降低了电声组件100的厚度尺寸，第一磁体542固定在框架12上且与第一泄漏孔120a错开，不遮挡气体的流动路径，有利于产品的轻薄化设计，提高用户体验。
请一并参阅图5、图6及图7，本发明实施例二提供的电声组件100与实施例一的区别在于，电声组件100还包括第二泄漏孔120b，第二泄漏孔120b连通后音腔1400与发声腔1000，第二泄漏孔120b加强了发声腔1000与后音腔1400之间的气体交换速率，从而加强后音腔1400对电声组件100的音质提升效果。
本实施例中，第二泄漏孔120b位于第一磁体542在框架12上的垂直投影与盖板60之间，且第一磁体542在框架12上的垂直投影与第二泄漏孔120b错开。 第二泄漏孔120b连通后音腔1400与发声腔1000，发声腔1000振动引起气体在发声腔1000与后音腔1400之间流动，后音腔1400改善电声组件100发出声音的音质，第二泄漏孔120b设于框架12上，节省了后音腔1400的厚度方向的空间尺寸，从而降低了电声组件100的厚度尺寸，第一磁体542固定在框架12上且与第二泄漏孔120b错开，不遮挡气体的流动路径，有利于产品的轻薄化设计，提高用户体验。
本实施例中，第一磁体542包括面对盖板60的第二侧壁54b，第二泄漏孔120b的内壁1200与第二侧壁54b平齐，从而最大化第二泄漏孔120b的尺寸，第二泄漏孔120b位于第一磁体542与盖板60之间，在不影响框架12的强度的前提下，增大第二泄漏孔120b的尺寸有利于增大单位时间气体进出后音腔1400与发声腔1000的量，即气体进出后音腔1400与发声腔1000的速率，从而加强后音腔1400对电声组件100的音质提升效果。
本实施例中，盖板60包括面对振膜70的第一表面600，第二泄漏孔120b的内壁1200与第一表面600平齐，从而最大化第二泄漏孔120b的尺寸，第二泄漏孔120b位于第一驱动件54与盖板60之间，在不影响框架12的强度的前提下，增大第二泄漏孔120b的尺寸有利于增大单位时间气体进出后音腔1400与发声腔1000的量，即气体进出后音腔1400与发声腔1000的速率，从而加强后音腔1400对电声组件100的音质提升效果。
本实施例中，第一泄漏孔120a与第二泄漏孔120b对称分布于第一驱动件54的两侧。第一泄漏孔120a与第二泄漏孔120b对称分布，且第一泄漏孔120a与第二泄漏孔120b的尺寸相同，在电声组件100的厚度方向上，气体均匀的进出后音腔1400与发声腔1000，有利于提高音质效果。
第一泄漏孔120a和第二泄漏孔120b连通后音腔1400与发声腔1000，发声腔1000振动引起气体在发声腔1000与后音腔1400之间流动，后音腔1400改善电声组件100发出声音的音质，第一泄漏孔120a和第二泄漏孔120b设于框架12上，节省了后音腔1400的厚度方向的空间尺寸，从而降低了电声组件100的厚度尺寸，第一驱动件54固定在框架12上且与第一泄漏孔120a和第二泄漏孔120b错开，不遮挡气体的流动路径，有利于产品的轻薄化设计，提高用户体验。
结合图8，本发明实施例还提供一种电声装置200，电声装置200包括驱动 电路80与本发明实施例提供的电声组件100，驱动电路80电连接至扬声器单体10，并控制扬声器单体10振动发声。具体的，驱动电路80电连接至第一驱动件54或第二驱动件52，驱动电路80驱动第一驱动件54与第二驱动件52之间相互运动，从而使振膜70振动发声。
结合图9，本发明实施例还提供一种移动终端300，包括本发明实施例提供的电声装置200。具体的，移动终端300包括壳体92和固定于壳体92内的主板90，其中，驱动电路80集成于主板90上。电声装置200固定于壳体92的底端。电声组件100的第一驱动件54电连接主板90，接收主板90的电流信号，进而可以相对第二驱动件52滑动，并使得电声组件100发声。可以理解的是，移动终端300可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等。
第一泄漏孔120a和第二泄漏孔120b连通后音腔1400与发声腔1000，发声腔1000振动引起气体在发声腔1000与后音腔1400之间流动，后音腔1400改善电声组件100发出声音的音质，第一泄漏孔120a和第二泄漏孔120b设于框架12上，节省了后音腔1400的厚度方向的空间尺寸，从而降低了电声组件100的厚度尺寸，第一驱动件54固定在框架12上且与第一泄漏孔120a和第二泄漏孔120b错开，不遮挡气体的流动路径，有利于产品的轻薄化设计，提高用户体验。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明几种较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电声组件，其特征在于，包括扬声器单体和盒体，所述扬声器单体收容于所述盒体内，所述扬声器单体包括框架和第一驱动件，所述框架与所述盒体之间形成后音腔，所述后音腔位于所述扬声器单体的周侧，所述框架上设有第一泄漏孔，所述第一泄漏孔使得所述后音腔与所述扬声器单体内部的发声腔连通，所述第一驱动件位于所述发声腔内，且固定连接至所述框架，所述第一驱动件在所述框架上的垂直投影与所述第一泄漏孔错开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述扬声器单体还包括振膜和第二驱动件，所述振膜的周缘固定连接于所述框架，所述第二驱动件固定于所述振膜，所述第二驱动件用于相对所述第一驱动件振动，以带动所述振膜振动发声。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述第二驱动件为线圈，所述第一驱动件为磁体。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述第一驱动件包括第一磁体与第二磁体，所述第一磁体固定于所述框架上，所述第二磁体固定于所述盖板上，所述第二驱动件位于所述第一磁体与所述第二磁体之间，所述第一泄漏孔位于所述第一磁体在所述框架的垂直投影与所述振膜之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述第一磁体包括面对所述振膜的第一侧壁，所述第一泄漏孔的内壁与所述第一侧壁平齐。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述扬声器单体还包括固定于所述框架的盖板，所述盖板相对所述振膜设置，所述振膜、盖板和所述框架之间形成所述发声腔，所述框架还设有第二泄漏孔，所述第二泄漏孔连通所述后音腔与所述发声腔。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述第二泄漏孔位于所述第一磁体在所述框架的垂直投影与所述盖板之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述第一磁体包括面对所述盖板的第二侧壁，所述第二泄漏孔的内壁与所述第二侧壁平齐。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述盖板包括面对所述 振膜的第一表面，所述第二泄漏孔的内壁与所述第一表面平齐。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述第一泄漏孔与所述第二泄漏孔对称分布于所述第一驱动件的两侧。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述振膜在周缘和几何中心之间设有褶皱，所述褶皱沿所述振膜的周向延伸，所述第二驱动件固定连接至所述褶皱。
  12. 根据权利要求4所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述盒体包括顶板和相对所述顶板设置的底板，以及固定于所述顶板和所述底板之间的侧板，所述振膜抵接于所述顶板，所述侧板至所述框架的距离大于所述底板至所述顶板的距离。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述电声组件还包括吸声颗粒，所述吸声颗粒填充于所述后音腔。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述电声组件还包括筛网，所述筛网设于所述后音腔内，所述筛网固定于所述框架上，且所述筛网覆盖所述第一泄漏孔。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述第一泄漏孔或所述第二泄漏孔内设有支承杆，所述筛网贴合所述支承杆。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的电声组件，其特征在于，所述盖板固定于所述底板的表面。
  17. 一种电声装置，其特征在于，所述电声装置包括驱动电路与权利要求1至16任意一项所述电声组件，所述驱动电路电连接至所述扬声器单体，并控制所述扬声器单体振动发声。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电声装置，其特征在于，所述扬声器单体还包括振膜和第二驱动件，所述振膜的周缘固定连接于所述框架，所述第二驱动件固定于所述振膜，所述驱动电路电连接至所述第二驱动件，所述驱动电路控制所述第二驱动件相对所述第一驱动件振动。
  19. 一种移动终端，其特征在于，包括权利要求17至18任意一项所述的电声装置。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的移动终端，其特征在于，所述移动终端还包括 壳体和主板，所述主板固定于所述壳体内，所述驱动电路集成于所述主板上。
PCT/CN2018/100101 2017-09-08 2018-08-10 电声组件、电声装置及移动终端 WO2019047669A1 (zh)

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