WO2019047541A1 - 一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置及其工作方法 - Google Patents

一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置及其工作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019047541A1
WO2019047541A1 PCT/CN2018/084969 CN2018084969W WO2019047541A1 WO 2019047541 A1 WO2019047541 A1 WO 2019047541A1 CN 2018084969 W CN2018084969 W CN 2018084969W WO 2019047541 A1 WO2019047541 A1 WO 2019047541A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seedling
cylinder
tray
rod
support
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PCT/CN2018/084969
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡建平
罗朝霞
刘一俊
潘浩然
张思伟
华琛
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江苏大学
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Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to US16/477,800 priority Critical patent/US11172603B2/en
Publication of WO2019047541A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019047541A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A01C11/025—Transplanting machines using seedling trays; Devices for removing the seedlings from the trays
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a top clamping combined seeding device for an automatic transplanting machine and a working method thereof.
  • the cultivation method of vegetables is mainly based on transplanting. Transplanting can make vegetables avoid natural disasters such as drought and freezing damage during the nursery period, and can make full use of light and heat resources. It has the effects of climate compensation and early maturity and yield increase of crops. Economic and social benefits.
  • the transplanting machines on the market are semi-automatic and fully automatic.
  • the semi-automatic transplanting machine is planted by the planter, but it is necessary to manually take the seedlings from the plugs.
  • This transplanting machine has high labor intensity and efficiency. low.
  • the automatic transplanting machine picking seedlings and planting seedlings are all automatically completed by machinery.
  • the seedling picking mechanism is the core part of the automatic transplanting machine for the plug seedlings.
  • the top seedling can reduce the breakage rate of the nursery, and the top seedling mechanism has become the automatic seedling picking. Key elements.
  • CN101940102A discloses a seedling transplanting machine into a row topping seedling mechanism, which can automatically and automatically lift out the nursery into rows, thereby paving the way for automatic seedlings.
  • the top seedling mechanism is actually a crank slider mechanism, the cylinder drive crank rotates, and the top rod top seedling on the slider is driven, and the mechanical structure is complicated and the cost is high.
  • Chinese Patent Publication No. CN203633111U discloses a top seedling mechanism and a seedling transplanting machine having the same. The spacing of the top seedling rod unit of the top seedling mechanism can be adaptively adjusted, but the mechanical structure is complicated, and the top rod is offset when the seedling is top. The direction is uncertain and may be offset from the seedling hole.
  • the present invention provides a top pick-up and combination picking device for an automatic transplanting machine and a working method thereof, and the top picking and combining combination seed picking device can top the seedlings and ensure the cockroaches
  • the body is complete, and the top clip extraction method can not only accurately control the seedling and seedling movement, but also has a simple structure, high reliability and high efficiency, and low carcass breakage rate.
  • the present invention achieves the above technical objects by the following technical means.
  • a top picking and combining seed picking device for an automatic transplanting machine comprising a top seedling mechanism, a box moving mechanism, a seedling picking mechanism and a control system, wherein the moving box mechanism is installed on the rack, and the tray is installed in the moving box In the mechanism, the top seedling mechanism is installed on the shifting mechanism and located at the rear side of the shifting mechanism, and the picking mechanism is installed on the frame and located at the front side of the shifting mechanism.
  • the top seedling mechanism comprises a top seedling frame, an upper top seeding cylinder, an upper top rod support, a top rod, a lower top seeding cylinder and a lower top rod support, wherein the top and bottom sides of the top seedling frame are provided a first guiding shaft, the upper top seed cylinder is fixedly mounted on the top center of the top seedling frame, the lower top seed cylinder is fixedly mounted on the bottom end center of the top seedling frame, and the upper top rod support is a long rod
  • One side of the upper ram support is provided with a plurality of protrusions at equal intervals along the length direction, and the center distance of the two protrusions is twice the distance between two adjacent holes on the tray.
  • the ejector rod passes through the protrusion and is fixed to the protrusion, and the lower ram support and the upper ram support have the same shape, and the two ends of the upper ram support pass the first straight
  • the wire bearing is slidably connected with the first guiding shaft at the upper ends of the left and right sides of the top seedling frame, and the two ends of the lower ram bearing pass the first guiding of the first linear bearing and the lower end of the left and right sides of the top seeding frame a shaft sliding connection, the cylinder piston of the upper top seed cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper top rod support, and the cylinder piston and the lower top rod support of the lower top seed cylinder Fixed connection
  • the protrusions on the lower ram support and the protrusions on the upper ram support are arranged at equal intervals and are located on a transverse center line of the top seed rack;
  • the control system is electrically connected with the top seedling mechanism, the box moving mechanism and the seedling picking mechanism, and the control system controls the shifting mechanism to transport the plug tray to the seedling picking position, and the control system respectively controls the top top seedling cylinder and the lower top seedling cylinder of the top seedling mechanism
  • the work respectively, drives the upper rod support and the lower rod support upward, so that the top rod passes through the hole of the plug hole to respectively loosen the nursery on the box mechanism, and the control system controls the seedling mechanism. Take seedlings from the boxing mechanism.
  • the top seedling mechanism further comprises an upper cylinder connecting plate and a lower cylinder connecting plate, wherein a top end of the upper cylinder connecting plate is connected with a piston rod of the upper top seed cylinder, and a bottom end and an upper top rod of the upper cylinder connecting plate
  • the seat is fixedly connected
  • the top end of the lower cylinder connecting plate is fixedly connected with the lower jack support
  • the bottom end of the lower cylinder connecting plate is connected with the piston rod of the lower top seed cylinder.
  • the top seedling frame comprises an upper mounting plate, a lower mounting plate, a right top seeding support, a left top seeding support and a guide shaft support, the upper mounting plate and the lower mounting plate
  • the two ends are respectively fixed on the right top seedling support and the left top seedling support to form a frame structure, and the right top seedling support and the left top seedling support are provided with four guide shaft supports.
  • the front and rear ends of the first guide shaft are mounted on the guide shaft support.
  • the shifting mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a shifting frame, a lateral shifting cylinder, a second guiding shaft, a tray conveying device, a pressing rod and a pressing rod cylinder.
  • the shifting frame is provided with a left side plate and a right side plate, the second guiding shaft is laterally arranged, and the number of the second guiding shafts is at least two, and each of the second guiding shafts respectively passes through the tray conveying device. And the two ends of each of the second guiding shafts are respectively fixed on the left side plate and the right side plate, the tray conveying device is slidably connected with the second guiding shaft, and the tray conveying device is provided with the tray holder and the tray frame transmission mechanism The tray is mounted on the tray transport rack;
  • the motor shaft of the stepping motor is connected with the drive mechanism of the tray frame to control the longitudinal movement of the tray frame, and the piston rod of the horizontal shifting cylinder is connected with the tray conveying device to control the lateral movement of the tray conveying device.
  • the pressing rod is mounted on the upper side of the disc conveying device, the cylinder piston rod of the pressing rod cylinder is connected with the pressing rod, one end of the pressing rod cylinder is mounted on the frame, and the other end of the pressing rod cylinder is connected with the pressing rod,
  • the control system is electrically connected with the pressure rod cylinder, controls the expansion and contraction of the cylinder piston rod of the pressure rod cylinder, drives the pressure rod to be turned upside down, the pressure rod is pressed down, waiting for the seedling to be taken, and after the seedling is finished, the pressure rod rises.
  • a tray position sensor is further included, the tray position sensor is installed at the seedling picking position, and is electrically connected to the control system for positioning the initial tray position of the tray, and the tray moves to the initial position to trigger the seedling movement. .
  • the pressing rod comprises a pressing rod shaft, a plurality of positioning ring sleeves and a plurality of bending rods;
  • the positioning ring sleeves are equally spaced on the pressing rod shaft, and the relative positions are adjustable, and each of the positioning rings is sleeved a guiding hole, one end of the bending rod is inserted into the guiding hole, and is weldedly connected with the positioning sleeve;
  • the pressing rod shaft is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the pressing rod shaft fixing plate by two pressure bar bearing seats;
  • One end of the pressing rod cylinder is mounted on the pressing rod shaft fixing plate, and the other end of the pressing rod cylinder is connected with one end of the pressing rod shaft through a swing rod, and the lower end of the pressing rod shaft fixing plate is detachably mounted on the frame. .
  • the seedling picking mechanism comprises a rotating shaft, a plugging cylinder, a turning cylinder, a plurality of picking claws, a guiding optical axis, a seedling rack, a limit nut and a picking claw rack;
  • the rotating shaft is rotatably transversely passed through the seedling rack, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively rotatable
  • the ground plate is installed on the left side plate and the right side plate of the shifting frame, the right side plate is provided with a limiting block, and the limiting block is provided with a limiting nut, and the seeding frame is turned over to the position of the limiting block to stop;
  • the inner surface of both sides of the seedling rack is provided with a guiding optical axis, and the plurality of picking claws are installed side by side on the rack of the picking claws, and the spacing between the picking claws and the upper jack support
  • the spacing of the ejector pins is the same
  • the cylinder pistons of the plugging cylinders are fixedly connected with the plucking claw frame
  • the two sides of the plucking claw frame are slidably connected with the guiding optical axis
  • the control system is electrically connected with the plugging cylinder and the flipping cylinder.
  • a working method for a top picking and combining seedling device for an automatic transplanting machine comprising the following steps:
  • the control system receives the signal of the position sensor of the tray and controls the movement of the pressure rod cylinder, and the pressure rod is pressed down, and the piston rod of the inverted cylinder is extended to drive the seedling frame to rotate around the rotating shaft, when the seedling is taken When the frame is in contact with the limit nut, the seedling frame is stopped to rotate, and the seedling claw is taken above the nursery;
  • the control system controls the top top seedling cylinder piston rod of the top seedling mechanism to extend, the upper top rod support moves along the first guiding shaft, and the top rod on the upper top rod support places the spaced holes in the tray holder After the nursery top is loose, after the top of the nursery, the upper top seedling cylinder is reset;
  • S4 The control system controls the cylinder piston of the plugging cylinder to extend and take the seedling claw to insert into the nursery, take the seedling claw and clamp the nursery at the same time, then the cylinder piston of the inserted and removed cylinder is contracted to take the seedling claw to pull out the nursery, and the cylinder is reset.
  • the seedling rack is turned over to the vertical position, and the control system controls to take the seedling claws to release the seedlings, and to seed the seedling cups;
  • S7 The controller controls the stepping motor to drive the tray holder to continue to transport a row of trays to the seedling position, and starts the next seedling cycle until the complete tray nursery is taken.
  • the top seedling mechanism of the present invention is arranged to reduce the nursery breakage rate, reduce the damage to the nursery rhizome, and improve the survival rate of the nursery;
  • the invention can meet the requirements for seedlings of a plurality of sizes of plug trays, has strong applicability, and is easy to implement and install on the transplanter platform;
  • the invention has simple structure, reliable motion and easy to popularize and use.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a top picking and combining seedling picking device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the movement of the top picking and combining seedling picking device of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a top seedling mechanism according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a top seedling mechanism frame according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the installation of the first guide shaft and the guide shaft support of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the upper ram support of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the lower ram support of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of the pressing rod of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of the shifting mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the seedling picking mechanism of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the seedling taking process of the seedling picking mechanism of the present invention.
  • Top seedling mechanism 1-1. Right top seedling support; 1-2. Upper mounting plate; 1-3. Upper top seedling cylinder; 1-4. Upper top seedling cylinder bearing; 1-5. Cylinder connecting plate; 1-6. upper ram support; 1-7. guide shaft support; 1-8. left top seed support; 1-9. ejector; 1-10. ejector adjustment nut; 1-11. Lower top seedling cylinder; 1-12. Lower top seedling cylinder support; 1-13. Lower cylinder connecting plate; 1-14. Lower ejector support; 1-15. Lower mounting plate; Guide shaft; 1-17. First linear bearing; 2. Shifting mechanism; 2-1. Stepper motor; 2-2. Shifting frame; 2-3. Lateral shifting cylinder; Guide shaft; 2-5.
  • Plug conveying device 2-6. Pressing bar; 2-6-1. Pressing rod shaft; 2-6-2. Positioning ring sleeve; 2-6-3. Curved rod; 7. Pressure rod cylinder; 2-8. Pendulum rod; 2-9; pressure rod bearing seat; 3. Seedling mechanism; 3-1. Rotary shaft; 3-2. Plug cylinder; 3-3. -4. Take the seedling claw; 3-5. Guide the optical axis; 3-6. Take the seedling frame; 3-7. Limit nut; 3-8. Take the seedling claw frame; 4. Plug.
  • a top picking and combining seed picking device for an automatic transplanting machine comprises a top seedling mechanism 1, a box moving mechanism 2, a seedling picking mechanism 3 and a control system, and the shifting
  • the box mechanism 2 is mounted on the rack
  • the tray 4 is mounted on the shifting mechanism 2
  • the top seedling mechanism 1 is mounted on the shifting mechanism 2 and located at the rear side of the shifting mechanism 2
  • the picking mechanism 3 is mounted on the rack. It is located on the front side of the shifting mechanism 2.
  • the top seedling mechanism 1 includes a top seedling rack, an upper top seed cylinder 1-3, an upper cylinder connecting plate 1-5, an upper top rod support 1-6, and a top rod 1-9.
  • the top seedling cylinder 1-11, the lower cylinder connecting plate 1-13 and the lower ram supporting 1-14, the top seedling frame comprises an upper mounting plate 1-2, a lower mounting plate 1-15, a right top
  • the seedling support 1-1, the left top seedling support 1-8 and the guide shaft support 1-7, the two ends of the upper mounting plate 1-2 and the lower mounting plate 1-15 are respectively fixed to the right top seedling
  • the support 1-1 and the left top seed support 1-8 form a frame structure, and the right top seed support 1-1 and the left top seed support 1-8 are provided with four guide shaft supports.
  • first guiding shafts 1-16 are vertically disposed on the left and right sides of the top seedling rack, and the front and rear ends of each of the first guiding shafts 1-16 are mounted on the guiding shaft supports 1-7. on.
  • the upper top seedling cylinders 1-3 are fixedly mounted on the top center of the top seedling frame by the upper top seedling cylinder support 1-4, and the lower top seedling cylinders 1-11 are fixed by the lower top seedling cylinder support 1-12.
  • the lower ram support 1-14 and the upper ram support 1-6 have the same shape, and the upper ram support 1-6
  • the two ends are slidably connected to the first guiding shafts 1-16 at the upper ends of the left and right sides of the top seedling frame through the first linear bearing 1-17, and the two ends of the lower ram support 1-14 pass the first straight line
  • the bearings 1-17 are slidably connected to the first guide shafts 1-16 at the lower ends of the left and right sides of the top seedling frame, and the top ends of the upper cylinder connecting plates 1-5 are connected to the piston rods of the upper top seed cylinders 1-3,
  • the bottom end of the cylinder connecting plate 1-5 is fixedly connected with the upper jack support 1-6, the lower Top web cylinder and the lower plunger 1-13 1
  • the shifting mechanism 2 includes a stepping motor 2-1, a shifting frame 2-2, a lateral shifting cylinder 2-3, a second guiding shaft 2-4, a tray conveying device 2-5, and a pressing rod 2 6, the pressure bar cylinder 2-7;
  • the shifting frame 2-2 is provided with a left side plate and a right side plate, the second guiding shaft 2-4 is laterally arranged, and the number of the second guiding shafts is at least two, each The second guide shafts 2-4 are respectively passed through the tray conveying device 2-5, and the two ends of each of the second guiding shafts 2-4 are respectively fixed to the left side plate and the right side plate, and the tray conveying device 2-5 Slidingly connected to the second guiding shaft 2-4, the tray conveying device 2-5 is provided with a tray holder and a tray holder transmission mechanism, and the tray 4 is mounted on the tray conveying frame;
  • the motor shaft of the stepping motor 2-1 is connected with the tray frame transmission mechanism, and controls the longitudinal movement of the tray frame to the seedling picking device, and the piston rod and the tray conveying device of the lateral shifting cylinder 2-3 5 connected to control the lateral movement of the tray conveying device 2-5, the pressing rod 2-6 is mounted on the upper side of the tray conveying device 2-5, the cylinder piston rod and the pressing rod of the pressing rod cylinder 2-7 2-6 connection, one end of the pressure rod cylinder 2-7 is mounted on the frame 2-2, and the other end cylinder piston of the pressure rod cylinder 2-7 is connected with the pressure rod 2-6, the control system and the pressure rod cylinder 2 -7 electrical connection, control the expansion and contraction of the cylinder rod of the cylinder 2-7, drive the pressure bar 2-6 upside down, the pressure bar 2-6 press down, wait for the seedlings, after the seedling is finished, the pressure bar 2-6 rise.
  • the pressing rod 2-6 includes a pressing rod shaft 2-6-1, a plurality of positioning ring sleeves 2-6-2 and a plurality of bending rods 2-6-3;
  • the positioning ring sleeve 2-6 -2 is equally spaced on the pressing rod shaft 2-6-1, and the relative position is adjustable, each of the positioning ring sleeves 2-6-2 has a guiding hole, and one end of the bending rod 2-6-3 is inserted into the guiding hole And the welding sleeve 2-6-2 is weldedly connected;
  • the pressing rod shaft 2-6-1 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the pressing rod shaft fixing plate by two pressure bar bearing seats 2-9;
  • One end of the pressing rod cylinder 2-7 is mounted on the pressing rod shaft fixing plate, and the other end of the pressing rod cylinder 2-7 is connected with one end of the pressing rod shaft through a swing rod 2-8, and the pressing rod shaft fixing plate is fixed
  • the lower end is detachably mounted on the frame 2-2.
  • a tray position sensor is installed at the seedling position, and the tray position sensor is electrically connected with the control system for positioning the initial tray position of the tray 4, and the tray 4 is moved to the initial position to trigger the seedling movement.
  • the seedling picking mechanism 3 includes a rotating shaft 3-1, a plugging cylinder 3-2, a turning cylinder 3-3, a plurality of picking claws 3-4, a guiding optical axis 3-5, and a seedling rack. 3-6, the limit nut 3-7 and the picking claw frame 3-8;
  • One end of the inverting cylinder 3-3 is hinged with the right side plate of the shifting frame 2-2, and the piston rod of the other end of the inverting cylinder 3-3 is hinged with the seedling rack 3-6, and the rotating shaft 3-1 is rotatable.
  • the two sides of the rotating shaft 3-1 are rotatably mounted on the left and right side plates of the moving box frame 2-2, and the right side plate is provided with a limiting block.
  • the position block is provided with a limit nut 3-7, and the seedling frame 3-6 is turned over to the position of the limit block to stop;
  • the guiding optical axes 3-5 are disposed on the inner surfaces of the two sides of the seedling racks 3-6, and the plurality of picking claws 3-4 are installed side by side on the picking claw racks 3-8,
  • the spacing between the seedling claws 3-4 is the same as the spacing of the ejector pins 1-9 on the upper ram support 1-6, and the cylinder piston of the insertion and removal cylinder 3-2 is fixedly connected with the plucking claw frame 3-8, and the seedlings are taken.
  • Both sides of the claw frame 3-8 are slidably coupled to the guiding optical axis 3-5, and the control system is electrically connected to the insertion cylinder 3-2 and the inverted cylinder 3-3, and the cylinder piston of the cylinder 3-2 is controlled by insertion and removal.
  • the telescopic control takes the seedling claw frame 3-8 to slide along the guiding optical axis 3-5, and controls the turning of the seedling frame 3-6 by controlling the turning cylinder 3-3.
  • a working method for a top picking and combining seedling device for an automatic transplanting machine comprising the following steps:
  • the tray 4 is mounted on the tray holder of the tray conveying device 2-5, and the control system controls the stepping motor 2-1 to drive the bottommost row of the tray 4 on the tray holder to the seeding position, the position of the tray
  • the sensor sends a signal to the control system;
  • the seedling mechanism 3 is in a vertical state, and the control system receives the signal of the position sensor of the tray and controls the movement of the pressure rod cylinder 2-7, and the pressure rod 2-6 is pressed down, and the piston rod of the reverse cylinder 3-3 is extended. Take the seedling rack 3-6 and rotate around the rotating shaft 3-1. When the seedling rack 3-6 is in contact with the limiting nut 3-7, the seedling rack 3-6 is stopped to rotate, and the seedling claw 3-4 is taken at the nursery. Above
  • the control system controls the top top seedling cylinder 1-3 piston rod of the top seedling mechanism 1 to extend, and the upper top rod support 1-6 moves along the first guiding shaft 1-16, and the upper top rod support 1-6
  • the ejector pins 1-9 loosen the nursery tops in the spaced trays 4 on the tray frame, and after the tops are loosened, the upper top seedling cylinders 1-3 are reset;
  • control system controls the cylinder piston of the plugging and unloading cylinder 3-2 to extend and pull the seedling claw 3-4 into the nursery, and the seedling claw 3-4 is simultaneously clamped to the nursery, and then the cylinder 3 is inserted and removed.
  • the controller controls the stepping motor 2-1 to drive the tray holder to continue to transport a row of trays 4 to the seeding position, and start the next seeding cycle until the complete tray nursery is taken.

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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置及其工作方法，该装置包括顶苗机构（1）、移箱机构（2）、取苗机构（3）和控制系统，所述移箱机构（2）安装在机架上，顶苗机构（1）安装于移箱机构（2）上并位于移箱机构（2）的后侧，取苗机构（3）安装于机架上并位于移箱机构（2）的前侧；所述顶苗机构（1）上设有上顶杆支座（1-6）和下顶杆支座（1-4），两个支座上的顶苗杆交错排布，上顶杆支座（1-6）和下顶杆支座（1-4）交替顶松苗钵，所述顶夹拔组合取苗装置可以顶苗松钵且保证钵体完整，此种顶夹拔取苗方法不仅可以对其取苗与投苗动作进行精确控制，而且结构简单、可靠性及效率高、钵体破碎率低。

Description

一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置及其工作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械领域，尤其涉及一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置及其工作方法。
背景技术
蔬菜的种植方式以移栽为主，移栽可以使蔬菜避开育苗期干旱、冻害等自然灾害，并可充分利用光热资源，具有对气候补偿和使作物提早成熟及增产的作用，具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
目前，市场上的移栽机有半自动和全自动之分，半自动移栽机就是通过栽植器植苗，但需人工从穴盘中取苗投苗动作，这种移栽机人工劳动强度大，效率低。全自动移栽机取苗和植苗都是由机械自动完成，取苗机构是穴盘苗全自动移栽机的核心部分，顶苗可以降低苗钵破碎率，顶苗机构已经成为自动取苗的关键要素。在现有技术中，中国专利公开号CN101940102A，公开了一种钵苗移栽机成排顶苗机构，该机构能够高效快捷将苗钵成排自动顶出、从而为自动取苗做好铺垫。但此顶苗机构实则是曲柄滑块机构，气缸驱动曲柄转动，带动滑块上的顶杆顶苗，机械结构复杂且成本高。中国专利公开号CN203633111U，公开了一种顶苗机构及具有该机构的秧苗移栽机，该顶苗机构的顶苗杆单元间距可自适应调节，但机械结构复杂，顶苗时顶杆偏移方向不确定，可能偏移钵苗穴孔。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在不足，本发明提供了一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置及其工作方法，所述顶夹拔组合取苗装置可以顶苗松钵且保证钵体完整，此种顶夹拔取苗方法不仅可以对其取苗与投苗动作进行精确控制，而且结构简单、可靠性及效率高、钵体破碎率低。
本发明是通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的的。
一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置，包括顶苗机构、移箱机构、取苗机构和控制系统，所述移箱机构安装在机架上，穴盘安装于移箱机构上，顶苗机构安装于移箱机构上并位于移箱机构的后侧，取苗机构安装于机架上并位于移箱机构的前侧。
所述顶苗机构包括顶苗机架、上顶苗气缸、上顶杆支座、顶杆、下顶苗气缸和下顶杆支座，所述顶苗机架的左右两侧上下均设有第一导向轴，所述上顶苗气缸固定安装于顶苗机架的顶端中心，所述下顶苗气缸固定安装于顶苗机架的底端中心，所述上顶杆支座为长杆状， 上顶杆支座的一侧沿长度方向等间距设有多个凸起，所述两个凸起的中心距为穴盘上相邻两个穴孔之间的距离的两倍，所述顶杆穿过所述凸起，并固定于所述凸起上，所述下顶杆支座和上顶杆支座的形状相同，所述上顶杆支座的两端通过第一直线轴承与顶苗机架的左右两侧上端的第一导向轴滑动连接，所述下顶杆支座的两端通过第一直线轴承与顶苗机架的左右两侧下端的第一导向轴滑动连接，所述上顶苗气缸的气缸活塞与上顶杆支座固定连接，所述下顶苗气缸的气缸活塞与下顶杆支座固定连接；
所述下顶杆支座上的凸起和上顶杆支座上的凸起交错等间距排布，并位于顶苗机架的横向中心线上；
所述控制系统与顶苗机构、移箱机构和取苗机构电连接，控制系统控制移箱机构向取苗位置输送穴盘，控制系统分别控制顶苗机构的上顶苗气缸和下顶苗气缸的工作，分别带动上顶杆支座和下顶杆支座向上运动，使得顶杆穿过穴盘的穴孔，以分别顶松移箱机构上的苗钵，控制系统控制取苗机构的从移箱机构中取苗。
优选地，所述顶苗机构还包括上气缸连接板和下气缸连接板，所述上气缸连接板的顶端与上顶苗气缸的活塞杆连接，上气缸连接板的底端与上顶杆支座固定连接，所述下气缸连接板的顶端与下顶杆支座固定连接，下气缸连接板的底端与下顶苗气缸的活塞杆连接。
优选地，其特征在于，所述顶苗机架包括上安装板、下安装板、右侧顶苗支座、左侧顶苗支座和导向轴支座，所述上安装板和下安装板的两端分别固定于右侧顶苗支座和左侧顶苗支座形成框架结构，所述右侧顶苗支座、左侧顶苗支座上均设有四个导向轴支座，所述第一导向轴的前后两端安装于导向轴支座上。
优选地，所述移箱机构包括步进电机、移箱机架、横向移盘气缸、第二导向轴、穴盘输送装置、压杆和压杆气缸。
所述移箱机架上设有左侧板和右侧板，第二导向轴横向布置，并且第二导向轴的个数至少两个，每个第二导向轴分别穿过穴盘输送装置，并且每个第二导向轴的两端分别固定于左侧板和右侧板上，穴盘输送装置与第二导向轴滑动连接，穴盘输送装置上设有穴盘架以及穴盘架传动机构，所述穴盘安装于穴盘输送架上；
所述步进电机的电机轴与穴盘架传动机构连接，控制穴盘架的纵向运动，所述横向移盘气缸的活塞杆与穴盘输送装置连接，控制穴盘输送装置的横向运动，所述压杆安装在盘输送装置的上侧，所述压杆气缸的气缸活塞杆与压杆连接，压杆气缸的一端安装于机架上，压杆气缸的另一端气缸活塞与压杆连接，所述控制系统与压杆气缸电连接，控制压杆气缸的气缸活塞杆的伸缩，带动压杆上下翻转，压杆下压，等待取苗，取苗结束后，压杆上升。
优选地，还包括穴盘位置传感器，所述穴盘位置传感器安装于取苗位置，并与控制系统 电连接，用于定位穴盘初始进盘位置，穴盘运动到初始位置，触发取苗运动。
优选地，所述压杆包括压杆轴、若干定位环套和若干弯杆；所述定位环套等间距安装在压杆轴上，且相对位置可调，每个所述定位环套开有导向孔，弯杆一端插入导向孔、且与定位换套焊接连接；所述压杆轴通过两个压杆轴承座固定安装在压杆轴固定板的上端；
所述压杆气缸的一端安装于压杆轴固定板上，压杆气缸的另一端与压杆轴的一端通过摆杆连接，所述压杆轴固定板的下端可拆卸的安装在机架上。
优选地，所述取苗机构包括转轴、插拔气缸、翻转气缸、多个取苗爪、导向光轴、取苗架、限位螺母和取苗爪机架；
所述翻转气缸的一端与移箱机架的右侧板铰接，翻转气缸另一端的活塞杆与取苗架铰接，所述转轴可转动地横向穿过取苗架，转轴的两端分别可转动地安装于移箱机架的左侧板和右侧板上，所述右侧板设有限位块，所述限位块上设有限位螺母，取苗架翻转到限位块位置停止；
所述取苗架的两侧内表面上均设有导向光轴，所述多个取苗爪并排安装于取苗爪机架上，所述取苗爪的间距与上顶杆支座上的顶杆的间距相同，插拔气缸的气缸活塞与取苗爪机架固定连接，取苗爪机架的两侧与导向光轴滑动连接，所述控制系统与插拔气缸和翻转气缸电连接，通过控制插拔气缸的气缸活塞的伸缩控制取苗爪机架沿着导向光轴滑动，通过控制翻转气缸控制取苗架的翻转。
一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置的工作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将穴盘安装于穴盘输送装置的穴盘架上，控制系统控制步进电机驱动穴盘架上穴盘的最底排至取苗位置，穴盘位置传感器发送信号给控制系统；
S2：取苗机构处于竖直状态，控制系统接收到穴盘位置传感器的信号后控制压杆气缸运动，压杆下压，翻转气缸的活塞杆伸出带动取苗架绕转轴转动，当取苗架与限位螺母接触时，取苗架停止转动，此时取苗爪处于苗钵上方；
S3：控制系统控制顶苗机构的上顶苗气缸活塞杆伸出，上顶杆支座沿第一导向轴移动，上顶杆支座上的顶杆将穴盘架上的间隔的穴盘中苗钵顶松，顶松苗钵后，上顶苗气缸复位；
S4：控制系统控制插拔气缸的气缸活塞伸出带动取苗爪插入苗钵，取苗爪同时夹紧苗钵，然后插拔气缸的气缸活塞收缩带动取苗爪拔出苗钵，翻转气缸复位，取苗架翻转至竖直位置，控制系统控制取苗爪松开钵苗，向苗杯投苗；
S5：横向移盘气缸驱动穴盘输送装置横向移动穴盘相邻两个穴孔的间距，重复步骤S2；
S6：控制系统控制下顶苗气缸活塞杆伸出，下顶杆支座沿第一导向轴移动，下顶杆支座上的顶杆将穴盘架上的间隔的穴盘中苗钵顶松，顶松苗钵后，下顶苗气缸复位，一整排苗钵 取完，此为一个取苗周期；
S7：控制器控制步进电机驱动穴盘架继续向取苗位置输送一排穴盘，开始下一个取苗周期，直至取完整盘苗钵。
本发明的有益效果：
1)本发明的顶苗机构间隔顶松苗钵，可降低苗钵破碎率，减少对于苗钵根茎的损伤，提高苗钵成活率；
2)本发明可以满足多种规格穴盘的取苗要求，适用性强，容易在移栽机平台上实现和安装；
3)本发明结构简单，运动可靠，易于推广使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述顶夹拔组合取苗装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明所述顶夹拔组合取苗装置的运动简图；
图3为本发明所述顶苗机构的结构示意图；
图4为本发明所述顶苗机构机架的结构示意图；
图5为本发明所述第一导向轴与导向轴支座的安装示意图；
图6为本发明所述上顶杆支座的结构示意图；
图7为本发明所述下顶杆支座的结构示意图；
图8为本发明所述压杆的结构示意图；
图9为本发明所述移箱机构的结构示意图；
图10为本发明所述取苗机构的结构示意图。
图11为本发明所述取苗机构的取苗过程示意图。
其中：
1.顶苗机构；1-1.右侧顶苗支座；1-2.上安装板；1-3.上顶苗气缸；1-4.上顶苗气缸支座；1-5.上气缸连接板；1-6.上顶杆支座；1-7.导向轴支座；1-8.左侧顶苗支座；1-9.顶杆；1-10.顶杆调节螺母；1-11.下顶苗气缸；1-12.下顶苗气缸支座；1-13.下气缸连接板；1-14.下顶杆支座；1-15.下安装板；1-16.导向轴；1-17.第一直线轴承；2.移箱机构；2-1.步进电机；2-2.移箱机架；2-3.横向移盘气缸；2-4.导向轴；2-5.穴盘输送装置；2-6.压杆；2-6-1.压杆轴；2-6-2.定位环套；2-6-3.弯杆；2-7.压杆气缸；2-8.摆杆；2-9；压杆轴承座；3.取苗机构；3-1.转轴；3-2.插拔气缸；3-3.翻转气缸；3-4.取苗爪；3-5.导向光轴；3-6.取苗架；3-7.限位螺母；3-8.取苗爪机架；4.穴盘。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
如图1所示，本发明所述的一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置，包括顶苗机构1、移箱机构2、取苗机构3和控制系统，所述移箱机构2安装在机架上，穴盘4安装于移箱机构2上，顶苗机构1安装于移箱机构2上并位于移箱机构2的后侧，取苗机构3安装于机架上并位于移箱机构2的前侧。
如图3-5所示，所述顶苗机构1包括顶苗机架、上顶苗气缸1-3、上气缸连接板1-5、上顶杆支座1-6、顶杆1-9、下顶苗气缸1-11、下气缸连接板1-13和下顶杆支座1-14，所述顶苗机架包括上安装板1-2、下安装板1-15、右侧顶苗支座1-1、左侧顶苗支座1-8和导向轴支座1-7，所述上安装板1-2和下安装板1-15的两端分别固定于右侧顶苗支座1-1和左侧顶苗支座1-8形成框架结构，所述右侧顶苗支座1-1、左侧顶苗支座1-8上均设有四个导向轴支座1-7，所述顶苗机架的左右两侧均上下设有两个第一导向轴1-16，每个第一导向轴1-16的前后两端安装于导向轴支座1-7上。所述上顶苗气缸1-3通过上顶苗气缸支座1-4固定安装于顶苗机架的顶端中心，所述下顶苗气缸1-11通过下顶苗气缸支座1-12固定安装于顶苗机架的底端中心，如图6所示，所述上顶杆支座1-6为长杆状，上顶杆支座1-6的一侧沿长度方向等间距设有多个凸起，所述两个凸起的中心距为移箱机构2的穴盘上相邻两个穴孔之间的距离的两倍，所述顶杆1-9穿过所述凸起，并固定于所述凸起上，如图7所示，所述下顶杆支座1-14和上顶杆支座1-6的形状相同，所述上顶杆支座1-6的两端通过第一直线轴承1-17与顶苗机架的左右两侧上端的第一导向轴1-16滑动连接，所述下顶杆支座1-14的两端通过第一直线轴承1-17与顶苗机架的左右两侧下端的第一导向轴1-16滑动连接，所述上气缸连接板1-5的顶端与上顶苗气缸1-3的活塞杆连接，上气缸连接板1-5的底端与上顶杆支座1-6固定连接，所述下气缸连接板1-13的顶端与下顶杆支座1-14固定连接，下气缸连接板1-11的底端与下顶苗气缸的活塞杆连接。
所述移箱机构2包括步进电机2-1、移箱机架2-2、横向移盘气缸2-3、第二导向轴2-4、穴盘输送装置2-5、压杆2-6、压杆气缸2-7；
如图9所示，所述移箱机架2-2上设有左侧板和右侧板，第二导向轴2-4横向布置，并且第二导向轴的个数至少两个，每个第二导向轴2-4分别穿过穴盘输送装置2-5，并且每个第二导向轴2-4的两端分别固定于左侧板和右侧板上，穴盘输送装置2-5与第二导向轴2-4滑动连接，穴盘输送装置2-5上设有穴盘架以及穴盘架传动机构，所述穴盘4安装于穴盘输送架上；
所述步进电机2-1的电机轴与穴盘架传动机构连接，控制穴盘架纵向运动至取苗装置处，所述横向移盘气缸2-3的活塞杆与穴盘输送装置2-5连接，控制穴盘输送装置2-5的横向运动，所述压杆2-6安装在穴盘输送装置2-5的上侧，所述压杆气缸2-7的气缸活塞杆与压杆2-6连接，压杆气缸2-7的一端安装于机架2-2上，压杆气缸2-7的另一端气缸活塞与压杆2-6连接，所述控制系统与压杆气缸2-7电连接，控制压杆气缸2-7的气缸活塞杆的伸缩，带动压杆2-6上下翻转，压杆2-6下压，等待取苗，取苗结束后，压杆2-6上升。
如图8所示，所述压杆2-6包括压杆轴2-6-1、若干定位环套2-6-2和若干弯杆2-6-3；所述定位环套2-6-2等间距安装在压杆轴2-6-1上，且相对位置可调，每个所述定位环套2-6-2开有导向孔，弯杆2-6-3一端插入导向孔、且与定位换套2-6-2焊接连接；所述压杆轴2-6-1通过两个压杆轴承座2-9固定安装在压杆轴固定板的上端；
所述压杆气缸2-7的一端安装于压杆轴固定板上，压杆气缸2-7的另一端与压杆轴的一端通过摆杆2-8连接，所述压杆轴固定板的下端可拆卸的安装在机架2-2上。
取苗位置处安装有穴盘位置传感器，穴盘位置传感器与控制系统电连接，用于定位穴盘4初始进盘位置，穴盘4运动到初始位置，触发取苗运动。
如图10所示，所述取苗机构3包括转轴3-1、插拔气缸3-2、翻转气缸3-3、多个取苗爪3-4、导向光轴3-5、取苗架3-6、限位螺母3-7和取苗爪机架3-8；
所述翻转气缸3-3的一端与移箱机架2-2的右侧板铰接，翻转气缸3-3另一端的活塞杆与取苗架3-6铰接，所述转轴3-1可转动地横向穿过取苗架3-6，转轴3-1的两端分别可转动地安装于移箱机架2-2的左右侧板上，所述右侧板设有限位块，所述限位块上设有限位螺母3-7，取苗架3-6翻转到限位块位置停止；
所述取苗架3-6的两侧内表面上均设有导向光轴3-5，所述多个取苗爪3-4并排安装于取苗爪机架3-8上，所述取苗爪3-4的间距与上顶杆支座1-6上的顶杆1-9的间距相同，插拔气缸3-2的气缸活塞与取苗爪机架3-8固定连接，取苗爪机架3-8的两侧与导向光轴3-5滑动连接，所述控制系统与插拔气缸3-2和翻转气缸3-3电连接，通过控制插拔气缸3-2的气缸活塞的伸缩控制取苗爪机架3-8沿着导向光轴3-5滑动，通过控制翻转气缸3-3控制取苗架3-6的翻转。
一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置的工作方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将穴盘4安装于穴盘输送装置2-5的穴盘架上，控制系统控制步进电机2-1驱动穴盘架上穴盘4最底排的至取苗位置，穴盘位置传感器发送信号给控制系统；
S2：取苗机构3处于竖直状态，控制系统接收到穴盘位置传感器的信号后控制压杆气缸2-7运动，压杆2-6下压，翻转气缸3-3的活塞杆伸出带动取苗架3-6绕转轴3-1转动，当取 苗架3-6与限位螺母3-7接触时，取苗架3-6停止转动，此时取苗爪3-4处于苗钵上方；
S3：控制系统控制顶苗机构1的上顶苗气缸1-3活塞杆伸出，上顶杆支座1-6沿第一导向轴1-16移动，上顶杆支座1-6上的顶杆1-9将穴盘架上的间隔的穴盘4中苗钵顶松，顶松苗钵后，上顶苗气缸1-3复位；
S4：如图11所示，控制系统控制插拔气缸3-2的气缸活塞伸出带动取苗爪3-4插入苗钵，取苗爪3-4同时夹紧苗钵，然后插拔气缸3-2的气缸活塞收缩带动取苗爪3-4拔出苗钵，翻转气缸3-3复位，取苗架3-6翻转至竖直位置，控制系统控制取苗爪3-4松开钵苗，向苗杯投苗；
S5：横向移盘气缸2-3驱动穴盘输送装置2-5横向移动穴盘4相邻两个穴孔的间距，重复步骤S2；
S6：控制系统控制下顶苗气缸1-11活塞杆伸出，下顶杆支座1-10沿第一导向轴1-16移动，下顶杆支座1-10上的顶杆1-9将穴盘架上的间隔的穴盘4中苗钵顶松，顶松苗钵后，下顶苗气缸1-11复位，一整排苗钵取完，此为一个取苗周期；
S7：控制器控制步进电机2-1驱动穴盘架继续向取苗位置输送一排穴盘4，开始下一个取苗周期，直至取完整盘苗钵。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置，其特征在于，包括顶苗机构(1)、移箱机构(2)、取苗机构(3)和控制系统，所述移箱机构(2)安装在机架上，穴盘(4)安装于移箱机构(2)上，顶苗机构(1)安装于移箱机构(2)上并位于移箱机构(2)的后侧，取苗机构(3)安装于机架上并位于移箱机构(2)的前侧，
    所述顶苗机构(1)包括顶苗机架、上顶苗气缸(1-3)、上顶杆支座(1-6)、顶杆(1-9)、下顶苗气缸(1-11)和下顶杆支座(1-14)，所述顶苗机架的左右两侧均上下设有第一导向轴(1-16)，所述上顶苗气缸(1-3)固定安装于顶苗机架的顶端中心，所述下顶苗气缸(1-11)固定安装于顶苗机架的底端中心，所述上顶杆支座(1-6)为长杆状，上顶杆支座(1-6)的一侧沿长度方向等间距设有多个凸起，所述两个凸起的中心距为穴盘(4)上相邻两个穴孔之间的距离的两倍，所述顶杆(1-9)穿过所述凸起，并固定于所述凸起上，所述下顶杆支座(1-14)和上顶杆支座(1-6)的形状相同，所述上顶杆支座(1-6)的两端通过第一直线轴承(1-17)与顶苗机架的左右两侧上端的第一导向轴(1-16)滑动连接，所述下顶杆支座(1-14)的两端通过第一直线轴承(1-17)与顶苗机架的左右两侧下端的第一导向轴(1-16)滑动连接，所述上顶苗气缸(1-3)的气缸活塞与上顶杆支座(1-6)固定连接，所述下顶苗气缸(1-11)的气缸活塞与下顶杆支座(1-14)固定连接；
    所述下顶杆支座(1-14)上的凸起和上顶杆支座(1-6)上的凸起交错等间距排布，并位于顶苗机架的横向中心线上；
    所述控制系统与顶苗机构(1)、移箱机构(2)和取苗机构(3)电连接，控制系统控制移箱机构(2)向取苗位置输送穴盘(4)，控制系统分别控制顶苗机构(1)的上顶苗气缸(1-3)和下顶苗气缸(1-11)的工作，分别带动上顶杆支座(1-6)和下顶杆支座(1-14)向上运动，使得顶杆(1-9)穿过穴盘的穴孔，控制系统控制取苗机构(3)从移箱机构(2)中取苗。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置，其特征在于，所述顶苗机构(1)还包括上气缸连接板(1-5)和下气缸连接板(1-13)，所述上气缸连接板(1-5)的顶端与上顶苗气缸(1-3)的活塞杆连接，上气缸连接板(1-5)的底端与上顶杆支座(1-6)固定连接，所述下气缸连接板(1-13)的顶端与下顶杆支座(1-14)固定连接，下气缸连接板(1-13)的底端与下顶苗气缸(1-11)的活塞杆连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置，其特征在于，所述顶苗机架包括上安装板(1-2)、下安装板(1-15)、右侧顶苗支座(1-1)、左侧顶苗支座(1-8)和导向轴支座(1-7)，所述上安装板(1-2)和下安装板(1-15)的两端分别固定于右侧顶苗支座(1-1)和左侧顶苗支座(1-8)形成框架结构，所述右侧顶苗支座(1-1)、左侧顶苗支座(1-8)上均设有四个导向轴支座(1-7)，所述第一导向轴(1-16)的前后两端安装于导向轴 支座(1-7)上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置，其特征在于，所述移箱机构(2)包括步进电机(2-1)、移箱机架(2-2)、横向移盘气缸(2-3)、第二导向轴(2-4)、穴盘输送装置(2-5)、压杆(2-6)和压杆气缸(2-7)；
    所述移箱机架(2-2)上设有左侧板和右侧板，第二导向轴(2-4)横向布置，并且第二导向轴的个数至少两个，每个第二导向轴(2-4)分别穿过穴盘输送装置(2-5)，并且每个第二导向轴(2-4)的两端分别固定于左侧板和右侧板上，穴盘输送装置(2-5)与第二导向轴(2-4)滑动连接，穴盘输送装置(2-5)上设有穴盘架以及穴盘架传动机构，所述穴盘(4)安装于穴盘输送架上；
    所述步进电机(2-1)的电机轴与穴盘架传动机构连接，控制穴盘架的纵向运动，所述横向移盘气缸(2-3)的活塞杆与穴盘输送装置(2-5)连接，控制穴盘输送装置(2-5)的横向运动，所述压杆(2-6)安装在穴盘输送装置(2-5)的上侧，所述压杆气缸(2-7)的气缸活塞杆与压杆(2-6)连接，压杆气缸(2-7)的一端安装于机架(2-2)上，压杆气缸(2-7)的另一端气缸活塞与压杆(2-6)连接，所述控制系统与压杆气缸(2-7)电连接，控制压杆气缸(2-7)的气缸活塞杆的伸缩，带动压杆(2-6)上下翻转。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置，其特征在于，所述压杆(2-6)包括压杆轴(2-6-1)、若干定位环套(2-6-2)和若干弯杆(2-6-3)；所述定位环套(2-6-2)等间距安装在压杆轴(2-6-1)上，且相对位置可调，每个所述定位环套(2-6-2)开有导向孔，弯杆(2-6-3)一端插入导向孔、且与定位换套(2-6-2)焊接连接；所述压杆轴(2-6-1)通过两个压杆轴承座(2-9)固定安装在压杆轴固定板的上端；
    所述压杆气缸(2-7)的一端安装于压杆轴固定板上，压杆气缸(2-7)的另一端与压杆轴的一端通过摆杆(2-8)连接，所述压杆轴固定板的下端可拆卸的安装在机架(2-2)上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置，其特征在于，还包括穴盘位置传感器，所述穴盘位置传感器安装于取苗位置，并与控制系统电连接，用于定位穴盘(4)初始进盘位置，穴盘(4)运动到初始位置，触发取苗运动。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置，其特征在于，所述取苗机构(3)包括转轴(3-1)、插拔气缸(3-2)、翻转气缸(3-3)、多个取苗爪(3-4)、导向光轴(3-5)、取苗架(3-6)、限位螺母(3-7)和取苗爪机架(3-8)；
    所述翻转气缸(3-3)的一端与移箱机架(2-2)的右侧板铰接，翻转气缸(3-3)另一端的活塞杆与取苗架(3-6)铰接，所述转轴(3-1)可转动地横向穿过取苗架(3-6)，转轴(3-1)的两端分别可转动地安装于移箱机架(2-2)的左侧板和右侧板上，所述右侧板设有限位块， 所述限位块上设有限位螺母(3-7)，取苗架(3-6)翻转到限位块位置停止；
    所述取苗架(3-6)的两侧内表面上均设有导向光轴(3-5)，所述多个取苗爪(3-4)并排安装于取苗爪机架(3-8)上，所述取苗爪(3-4)的间距与上顶杆支座(1-6)上的顶杆(1-9)的间距相同，插拔气缸(3-2)的气缸活塞与取苗爪机架(3-8)固定连接，取苗爪机架(3-8)的两侧与导向光轴(3-5)滑动连接，所述控制系统与插拔气缸(3-2)和翻转气缸(3-3)电连接，通过控制插拔气缸(3-2)的气缸活塞的伸缩控制取苗爪机架(3-8)沿着导向光轴(3-5)滑动，通过控制翻转气缸(3-3)控制取苗架(3-6)的翻转。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的用于自动移栽机的顶夹拔组合取苗装置的工作方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1：将穴盘(4)安装于穴盘输送装置(2-5)的穴盘架上，控制系统控制步进电机(2-1)驱动穴盘架上穴盘(4)的最底排至取苗位置，穴盘位置传感器发送信号给控制系统；
    S2：取苗机构(3)处于竖直状态，控制系统接收到穴盘位置传感器的信号后控制压杆气缸(2-7)运动，压杆(2-6)下压，翻转气缸(3-3)的活塞杆伸出带动取苗架(3-6)绕转轴(3-1)转动，当取苗架(3-6)与限位螺母(3-7)接触时，取苗架(3-6)停止转动，此时取苗爪(3-4)处于苗钵上方；
    S3：控制系统控制顶苗机构(1)的上顶苗气缸(1-3)活塞杆伸出，上顶杆支座(1-6)沿第一导向轴(1-16)移动，上顶杆支座(1-6)上的顶杆(1-9)将穴盘架上的间隔的穴盘(4)中苗钵顶松，顶松苗钵后，上顶苗气缸(1-3)复位；
    S4：控制系统控制插拔气缸(3-2)的气缸活塞伸出带动取苗爪(3-4)插入苗钵，取苗爪(3-4)同时夹紧苗钵，然后插拔气缸(3-2)的气缸活塞收缩带动取苗爪(3-4)拔出苗钵，翻转气缸(3-3)复位，取苗架(3-6)翻转至竖直位置，控制系统控制取苗爪(3-4)松开钵苗，向苗杯投苗；
    S5：横向移盘气缸(2-3)驱动穴盘输送装置(2-5)横向移动穴盘(4)相邻两个穴孔的间距，重复步骤S2；
    S6：控制系统控制下顶苗气缸(1-11)活塞杆伸出，下顶杆支座(1-10)沿第一导向轴(1-16)移动，下顶杆支座(1-10)上的顶杆(1-9)将穴盘架上的间隔的穴盘(4)中苗钵顶松，顶松苗钵后，下顶苗气缸(1-11)复位，一整排苗钵取完，此为一个取苗周期；
    S7：控制器控制步进电机(2-1)驱动穴盘架继续向取苗位置输送一排穴盘(4)，开始下一个取苗周期，直至取完整盘苗钵。
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