WO2019039963A1

WO2019039963A1 - Structured barrier-exhaust-type medical mask with support

Info

Publication number: WO2019039963A1
Application number: PCT/RU2018/000268
Authority: WO
Inventors: Максим Владимирович БЕЛОУСОВ; Владимир Егорович БЕЛОУСОВ
Original assignee: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "М.АЭРО"
Priority date: 2017-08-22
Filing date: 2018-04-24
Publication date: 2019-02-28
Also published as: CN110996833A; RU2017129766A3; CN110996833B; RU2651260C2; RU2017129766A

Abstract

A structured barrier-exhaust-type mask with a support relates to personal protective equipment, and specifically to masks intended primarily for use in the field of medicine. The present mask can serve as all-round environmental and hygiene protection for doctor and patient during the delivery of medical care of any degree of complexity, including long surgical procedures, and also as personal protection for civilians against airborne infection. The mask completely prevents exhaled air from passing between doctor and patient, and exhausts exhaled air in a given direction. The mask comprises a hollow structure which forms a mask cavity in the facial region and is designed in the form of a channel having an inlet and an outlet for the passage of an air flow, said mask being characterized in that the inner and outer walls of the structure are made of an air-impermeable material, and a support is provided between the surface of the face and the inner wall of the structure, said support being in the form of an ergonomic cushion around the mouth region, or an arc running along the lower or upper jaw.

Description

Medical mask frame barrier-diversion type with a support

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The claimed invention relates to the means of individual protection of a person, namely, to masks, intended for use mainly in the field of medicine.

The present invention is:

• universal environmental and hygienic protection of the doctor and the patient in the provision of medical care of any level of complexity, including long surgical operations;

· Personal protection for civilians from airborne infection.

In contrast to filter-type medical masks, it refers to masks of barrier-diverting type: barrier, i.e. completely preventing the passage of exhaled air between the doctor and the patient and the exhausting air in a given direction. Structurally, the mask is a hollow frame.

The level of technology

The prior art various designs of medical masks barrier type and masks, made in the form of a frame.

From the document (Journal of Surgery named after Grekov, JV ° 12, 1969, authors: Academician of Medical Sciences, Prof. Kurbangaleev CM. And others) known a surgical mask of barrier type, made of hard plastic in the form of a relief shield, tightly adjacent to front surface. The mask was tested on 2000 surgical operations in the 1st LMI (First St. Petersburg State Medical University) named after Acad. I.P. Pavlova and showed its full separatichnost. The indisputable advantage of a barrier-type mask (in the form of an airtight shield) over filtering (standard medical) masks on the effectiveness of protecting patients from airborne infection during surgical operations was experimentally and clinically proved.

The disadvantages of this mask design are the following:

a large amount of exhaled air remains in the under-mask space, the surface of the face is excessively moistened and overheated - a “greenhouse effect” arises that causes a worsening of the general state of health and a decrease in the surgeon’s working capacity; It is a rigid structure, tight to the front surface for a long time.

With a high level of patient protection during surgical operations, these shortcomings significantly reduce the surgeon’s working capacity to an “unacceptable level”, therefore this type of mask is not used in medical practice - it has not gone beyond experimental studies.

From the document CN2162260 Y, publ. 04/20/1994, a front face mask is a respirator designed for breathing through the mouth and nose, consisting of two side frames in the form of boxes with through holes and a shield between them, in front of the nasal cavity, combined into a single rigid structure. The mask is functionally divided into a front, right, left sector, where the right and left are side containers containing filter elements. All exhaled air is discharged (like a respirator) through valves, and the inhaled air is filtered. The partition located between the containers partially functions as a barrier (shield) to protect the surface of the face from moisture ingress from the outside.

The disadvantages of this mask design are the following:

- in the masked space of the mask there is practically no natural ventilation, which leads to the accumulation of a high level of C0 ₂ and humidity gradually worsening the user's well-being;

the presence of a large content of filter elements creates a high resistance to breathing, which significantly reduces the user performance;

It is a rigid structure, tight to the front surface for a long time.

The general lack is inherent in both analogues.

In order to provide the necessary obturation, the tight fit of a rigid, non-elastic structure to the front surface, leading to prolonged squeezing of nerve fibers and blood vessels, causes a painful effect, local paresthesias and marked discomfort, which makes such masks practically unacceptable for use.

As the closest analogue, the applicant selected the source of information - the patent of the Russian Federation Ν ° 2240160, November 20, 2004, from which the medical frame barrier-diversion type mask, i.e. mask combines the frame structure, the function of the barrier and discharge of exhaled air.

Like the claimed invention:

• It is a hollow frame;

· Performs barrier-diverting functions;

^• Virtually no resistance to breathing.

The analog frame differs from the claimed invention in a number of fundamental features:

• tight to the surface of the face;

· Consists of two dissimilar materials: transparent plastic and non-transparent fabric;

• is held on the head with the help of ribbons;

The disadvantages of this mask design are the following:

- in a large submask space there is an excessive accumulation of moisture, the content of C0 ₂ increases, which partially reduces the efficiency of the surgeon;

- natural ventilation in the face area is impaired;

- is not universal, because the shape of the mask depends on the features of the surface relief of the face, which, as a result, significantly impairs its consumer properties;

- the use of the mask inhibits the mobility of the lower jaw, which reduces its communicative capabilities - prevents to talk;

- the presence of heterogeneous materials complicates and increases the cost of production of the mask.

Disclosure of the invention

The loss of operability of the surgeon during operations due to a sharp decrease in breathing conditions in the filtering medical mask significantly reduces the quality of his work. In addition, filtering medical masks lose their protective properties, as a rule, after half an hour of operation, i.e. in the most crucial moment of the operation.

Standard filter-type medical masks, due to their design features, do not protect the population from viral infection, a number of dangerous bacteria, which is especially important during epidemics. s A different principle is proposed for the protection of patients and the civilian population by creating an impermeable barrier to the penetration of airborne infection into the respiratory organs, both of the consumer (surgeon) and others (patients). Along the way, a number of other important problems are being solved, for example, stable protection during the operation at all times.

The objective of the claimed invention is to develop a new mask design, thanks to which the working conditions of the medical staff are improved throughout the mask’s full protection against infection penetration and any liquid media, both from the surgical field and from the side of the patient; providing full protection against airborne infections in public places, protection of the human respiratory system from the aggressive environment in its various areas of professional activity without loss of labor productivity.

The technical result of the claimed invention is aimed at reducing or completely eliminating accumulation in submask space C02, moisture and the solution of other hygiene problems;

increased comfort wearing a mask;

preservation of consumer communication capabilities;

optimization of aerodynamic properties of the mask;

providing more convenient and reliable mounting of the mask on the consumer's head;

simplification of production technology.

The claimed technical results are achieved through the constructive implementation of the medical mask, which gives it new consumer properties.

The mask contains a hollow frame, made entirely of airtight material. The frame of the mask can be divided into central and lateral (right and left) parts. The central part of the frame is located directly in front of the respiratory system (mouth and / or nose).

The carcass channel contains openings (inlet / outlet) for airflows formed during inhalation and exhalation, each of which is located at the ends of the side portions (right and left).

The mask is in contact with the surface of the face only in front - in the central part of the frame, by means of a support in the form of an anatomical roller around the mouth area. The shape of the support can form a closed line or be located only in lower or upper jaw area. The mask is fixed with an elastic element enveloping the head from the back, or an elastic element enveloping the ears.

The mask fits the head in such a way that the exhausted air is almost completely retracted from the sterile zone (from the area of direct surgery) to the non-sterile zone of the operating room (towards the side walls of the room). During operations, by a surgical team, in filtering masks, the exhaled (partially filtered) air is directed directly to the sterile area. In masks of the claimed type, the air exhausted by the personnel is completely diverted from the sterile zone, which ultimately reduces the risks of postoperative complications associated with infection (contamination) of the surgical field.

With civilian use of the mask, the exhausted air is retracted during intercourse.

The presence of a cavity in the frame allows for additional ventilation and conditioning of the mask area.

Medical mask

The mask is universal, i.e. it is intended for use not only in medical institutions, but also civilians.

The hollow frame of the mask is completely airtight for airflows generated during breathing, due to the fact that it is made of polyethylene or dense material (with high resistance to airflow). A frame made of transparent plastic does not mask the facial features of a person, i.e. saves its communication capabilities.

In relation to the surface of the face, the frame has an inner (front) and outer walls, between which a cavity of the frame is formed. On the inner wall of the central part of the frame around the mouth is a cutout designed to breathe through the mouth. The side of the frame ends with an air outlet, which is also the entrance for fresh air from the outside, during inhalation, and exit to the outside for exhaled air. The upper part of the frame, as a rule, has a hole for the passage of air exhaled through the nose into the cavity of the frame. The frame may be two-sided, i.e. have right and left side parts or one-sided, i.e. have only one part (right or left). One-sided frame has, respectively, input / output on one side only, has a reduced sub-mask space, lighter, less covers the surface of the face, i.e. compared to a double-sided mask, it has improved hygienic properties.

On the surface of the head, the mask is held and fixed by means of an elastic element enveloping the head from behind, or an elastic element enveloping the ears.

The elastic element can be made of metal wire or elastic plastic.

Between the surface of the face and the inner wall of the frame there is a support, due to which the mask is moved away from the surface of the face for some distance, for example, by 0.3 - 1 cm. The support may have a different shape. For example, to form a closed circle around the area of the mouth or arc, passing through the lower or upper jaw. The support can be made, for example, from a soft, elastic material or from orthopedic polyurethane foam with a “memory function”, i.e. be a separate structural element mounted (glued) to the inner wall of the frame. In a simplified version, the support may be a simple thickening of the inner wall of the frame in the form of a roller, i.e. be part of the frame.

Since the mask contacts the surface of the face only in the area of support, free space is formed near the surface of the face, thanks to which natural convection is ensured and blood circulation in the area of the face is not disturbed. The mask contacts the surface of the face only in a limited area - around the mouth, i.e. its shape does not depend on the relief of the face, which makes it much more universal and at the same time simplifies and reduces the cost of its production. The elastic support, practically, does not constrain the mobility of the lower jaw during a conversation.

A special device in the form of a spoiler may be located in the frame inlet / outlet area, with the help of which the direction of the exhaled air is additionally regulated. The spoiler can be made of the same material as the frame itself. It can be a continuation of the frame or be a separate structure, made, for example, from fabric. For more precise control of the airflow coming out of the frame, the spoiler may have slit-like cuts or louvre attachments. To protect against accidental dust in the workplace, the spoiler can be made of filter cloth and partially or completely block the entrance / exit frame. The mask, when used in surgical practice, has the maximum protection of a physician and patient in the context of therapeutic measures and is aimed at maximizing the health and productivity of medical staff. When used by civilians, the mask provides prevention of the spread of airborne infections in public places, for example, during an epidemic of influenza. In the workplace, is the protection from flying in the direction of the face of fine dust, shavings. In all cases of the use of the mask, in contrast to the use of filtering masks and respirators, with more reliable protection, resistance to breathing is not.

The mask frame, in contrast to the analogue, can be completely made of plastic, which allows you to place in its cavity various elements and devices that are held inside the frame, for example, with the help of glue. Additional elements and devices increase the protective properties of the mask, expanding its scope of application, including high-tech medical institutions.

For example,

• On the path of the air flow in the frame channel, a filtering element can be installed, treated with, for example, an antiseptic, moisture-absorbing elements, etc.

• The mask frame channel may contain air flow control valves.

• Considering the different characteristics of airflows formed during inhalation / exhalation, through the nose or mouth, partitions and / or additional channels may be located in the cavity of the frame, in order to optimize and separate the airflows.

· A mask can be connected to the mask frame to force air mixture to the respiratory organs from an external source and / or force exhaust of exhaled air out of the masked area.

• The air channel of the mask frame may contain a compact compressed air cylinder to improve the composition of the inhaled air in standalone mode or in field (military) conditions. The compressed air cylinder may also be located outside the framework channel.

• A fan can be optionally installed in the mask frame channel. • The mask frame channel can be given a spiral shape, due to which extraneous particles in the inhaled air acquire rotational (centrifugal) motion, settling on its walls.

• The mask frame channel may contain a zero resistance filter.

• The inner surface of the carcass canal can be treated with a special adhesive substance that adheres to the surface of dust and various biological aerosols contained in the air.

• The mask frame can be additionally processed electrostatically to deposit dust particles and other foreign particles in the passing air stream with opposite electrical potential, etc., on its inner surface.

The further description is set forth with reference to figures 1, 2 of the drawings with structural elements indicated on them - for a better understanding by the specialist of all aspects of the disclosure of the essence of the claimed technical solution.

The design of the medical barrier-diversion type mask is shown in FIG. 1, a side view, and FIG. 2, a top view. The figure 1 in a separate window shows the frame of the mask in the section in the center (sagittal section). In both figures, the frame 1 is depicted as translucent, consisting of the inner wall 2 and the outer wall 3.

The frame of the mask has an inlet / outlet 4 (side opening) for air circulation during breathing. On the inner wall of the frame is shown a cutout 5 for breathing through the mouth. On the top of the frame there is a nasal opening 6 for the passage of exhaled air through the nose into the cavity of the skeleton. Between the inner wall of the frame and the surface of the face is a support 7, depicted as a closed circle. On the inner wall of the frame is an elastic element 8, made of elastic material. FIG. 1 shows a variant of an elastic element in the form of an arc, enveloping the ear from behind. Figure 2 shows a variant of the elastic element in the form of an arc, enveloping the head from behind.

Spoilers 9 are installed on the side openings (inlets / outlets) of the frame to forcibly change the direction of exhaled air.

When you inhale through the mouth, the air outside through the side air duct openings (inlet / outlet) 4 penetrates into the cavity of the frame and then through the cutout 5 on the inside through the mouth enters the respiratory system. When you exhale through the mouth, the air through the cutout first enters the cavity of the frame, and then exits through the side air inlets (inlet / outlet) 4. Due to the complete airtightness of the frame, exhaled air with moisture and carbon dioxide contained in it is completely directed back.

Due to the fact that the mask frame can be completely made of one material, it simplifies and cheapens its production and provides the opportunity to give the frame channel different shapes and as a result of different aerodynamic properties. For example, to form a cone-shaped form of the skeleton channel, which expands from the respiratory organs towards the outlet openings (inlets / outlets). The cone-shaped structure of the carcass channel creates directional flow (medium flow through the diffuser), providing an additional effect of exhalation through which the submask space is completely freed from excess moisture and carbon dioxide.

Spoilers can be a continuation of the outer wall of the frame or can be made separately, including from another material, for example, from fabric or paper.

Claims

Claim

1. Medical mask frame barrier-diverting type is a hollow frame, forming a submask space in the face, made in the form of a channel containing the inlet and outlet for the passage of air flow, characterized in that the inner and outer walls of the frame are made of an airtight material, there is a support between the surface of the face and the inner wall of the frame.

2. Medical mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the support is an anatomical roller located around the mouth, or arc, passing through the lower or upper jaw.

3. Medical mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame has at least one vozduhovodnoy hole for the passage, exhaled through the nose, the air into the cavity of the frame.

4. Medical mask according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an elastic element for fixing and pressing the mask in the central region of the face.

5. Medical mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the channel of the frame has a conical shape.

6. Medical mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame contains at least one device that separates the air flow, passing at least one in the channel.

7. Medical mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is made of a transparent material.

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