WO2019033581A1 - 一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2019033581A1
WO2019033581A1 PCT/CN2017/109483 CN2017109483W WO2019033581A1 WO 2019033581 A1 WO2019033581 A1 WO 2019033581A1 CN 2017109483 W CN2017109483 W CN 2017109483W WO 2019033581 A1 WO2019033581 A1 WO 2019033581A1
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circular aperture
disc body
coaxiality
laser
center
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王晗
劳剑东
陈新
陈新度
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of dimensional tolerance measurement, in particular to a method and a device for measuring coaxiality of a circular aperture.
  • the coaxial measurement of long hollow round rods is one of the most basic measurement items in the field of machined parts tolerance measurement. It has a wide range of applications in the fields of precision instrumentation and even military manufacturing and inspection, installation and positioning.
  • the cylindricity tolerance is used to control the degree to which the theoretical axis should be coaxially extracted from the measured axis and the reference axis.
  • the cylindricity tolerance zone is a cylindrical surface area with a diameter that is a certain tolerance value and coaxial with the reference axis.
  • the detection of the coaxiality is to find the maximum distance of the measured axis from the reference axis, and the double value is the coaxiality error.
  • the coaxiality of the circular member is mainly measured by the indicator method.
  • the measured part is mounted between the two coaxial tips 1 of the precision indexing device, and the common axes of the two tips 1 are parallel.
  • the common axis is used as a measurement reference.
  • the absolute value of the difference in readings measured on the positive section perpendicular to the reference axis is taken as the concentricity error in the section.
  • the above method can only be used to measure the coaxiality of the outer cylindrical surface of the circular rod member, and the coaxiality of the circular aperture opened on the workpiece is not applicable, and the coaxiality of the circular aperture is not yet compared.
  • a good measuring device performs the measurement.
  • the present invention provides a coaxial measurement method for a circular aperture, comprising the steps of:
  • Step S1 placing the disc body in a circular aperture to be detected, wherein the disc body is radially provided with a plurality of telescopic arms capable of expanding and contracting along the radial length of the disc body, the disc body a central position is provided with a reflective target, and an extension of the telescopic arm is adjusted such that an end of the telescopic arm fits an inner wall of the circular aperture to be detected;
  • Step S2 emitting laser light to the reflective target by a laser tracker, and the emission direction is at a preset angle with a central axis of the disk body;
  • Step S3 After the laser tracker receives the return laser reflected by the reflective target, the laser tracker processes the return laser to obtain a three-dimensional coordinate of a center of a corresponding position;
  • Step S4 by moving the position of the disc body, repeating steps S2 and S3 can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of different positions;
  • Step S5 The data processing and analysis of the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of the plurality of different positions can be used to obtain the coaxiality of the circular aperture to be tested.
  • the coaxiality measurement method of the above circular aperture is such that the end of the telescopic arm of the disc body is fitted to the inner wall of the circular aperture to be tested, so that the center of the disc body can be considered as The center of the circle where the disc body is located is located, and the center of the disc body is provided with a reflective target. Therefore, when the laser is used to emit laser light to the reflective target, the emission direction is of course the central axis of the disc body.
  • the preset angle because the reflection of the reflective target will form a return laser, after receiving the return laser, the laser tracker processes to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of the corresponding position, and passes the laser after moving the position of the disk body.
  • the tracker can obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of more positions. Finally, according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of a plurality of different positions, the data can be processed and analyzed, and the coaxiality of the circular aperture to be tested can be obtained, thereby realizing the coaxiality measurement of the circular aperture. .
  • the present invention also provides a circular aperture coaxiality measuring device, including a disk body and a laser tracker;
  • the disc body is provided with a telescopic arm that can expand and contract along the radial length of the disc body in the radial direction.
  • the number of the telescopic arms is at least two and is evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the disc body, and a center of the disc body is provided with a reflective target;
  • the laser tracker is configured to emit laser light to the reflective target, and the emission direction is at a preset angle with a central axis of the disk body, and the laser tracker is further capable of receiving the reflective target reflection Returning the laser, and obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of the corresponding position in the circular aperture to be tested according to the returning laser.
  • the coaxiality measuring device of the above circular aperture follows the core idea of the coaxiality measuring method of the circular aperture described above, and the coaxiality measuring method of the circular aperture has the above technical effects, the circular aperture is used
  • the coaxiality measuring device of the circular aperture of the coaxiality measuring method should also have corresponding technical effects, and will not be described herein.
  • the end of the telescopic arm is further provided with a running mechanism for abutting against the inner wall of the circular aperture to be detected.
  • the running mechanism includes a rolling surface for engaging a roller of the inner wall of the circular aperture to be tested, and each end of the telescopic arm is provided with at least two rollers arranged in parallel, and The roller of the roller is perpendicular to the centerline of the disk body.
  • the running gear further comprises a walking track, and the walking track is sleeved on the rolling surfaces of the two outermost rollers.
  • the running mechanism further includes a motor for driving the roller, and a reduction gear set is further disposed between the motor and the roller.
  • a cavity of the disk body is provided with a first bevel gear concentric with the disk body and a second bevel gear meshing with the first bevel gear;
  • the back surface of the first bevel gear is provided with a first planar thread
  • the arm surface of the telescopic arm is provided with a second planar thread that is threadedly engaged with the first plane
  • the second bevel gear is connected to a drive mechanism.
  • the drive mechanism is an adjustment knob disposed perpendicular to the axis of the second bevel gear.
  • the number of the disc bodies is two, and two of the disc bodies are arranged coaxially.
  • the two first bevel gears are fixedly connected.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a coaxial measuring device for a conventional circular member
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic overall structural diagram of a coaxiality measuring device for a circular aperture according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a disk body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a telescopic arm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of two disc bodies according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser tracker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Top point 1 flat bottom surface 2, disk body 3, telescopic arm 4, reflective target 5, laser tracker 6, traveling mechanism 7, roller 8, walking track 9, motor 10, first bevel gear 12, second bevel gear 13.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a coaxial aperture measuring method and apparatus for circular aperture to achieve coaxial measurement of a circular aperture.
  • a method for measuring coaxiality of a circular aperture includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 placing the disc body 3 in the circular aperture to be detected, and the disc body 3 is provided with a plurality of telescopic arms 4 capable of expanding and contracting along the radial length of the disc body 3 in the radial direction of the disc body 3, and the disc body 3
  • the central position is provided with a reflective target 5, and the extension of the telescopic arm 4 is adjusted such that the end of the telescopic arm 4 is fitted to the inner wall of the circular aperture to be detected;
  • Step S2 emitting laser light to the reflective target 5 through the laser tracker 6, and the emission direction is at a preset angle with the central axis of the disk body 3;
  • Step S3 When the laser tracker 6 receives the returning laser reflected by the reflective target 5, the laser is followed by The tracer 6 processes the return laser to obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of the corresponding position;
  • Step S4 by moving the position of the disc body 3, repeating steps S2 and S3 can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of different positions;
  • Step S5 By performing data processing analysis on the three-dimensional coordinates of a plurality of different positions, the coaxiality of the circular aperture to be tested can be obtained.
  • the method for measuring the coaxiality of the circular aperture is such that the end of the telescopic arm of the disc body is fitted to the inner wall of the circular aperture to be tested, so that the center of the disc body can be regarded as the section where the disc body is located.
  • the center of the circle is located, and the center of the disk body is provided with a reflective target. Therefore, when the laser tracker emits laser light to the reflective target, the emission direction is of course preset with the central axis of the disk body, due to the reflection target. The reflection of the target will form a return laser. After receiving the return laser, the laser tracker will process the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of the corresponding position. After moving the position of the disk body, the laser tracker can obtain more positions.
  • the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of the circle are finally processed according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of a plurality of different positions, and the coaxiality of the circular aperture to be tested can be obtained, thereby realizing the coaxiality measurement of the circular aperture.
  • the data processing and analysis of the center coordinates of a plurality of different positions may be embedded in the corresponding software program inside the laser tracker, thereby completing the corresponding data processing and obtaining the coaxiality of the circular aperture, or
  • the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of the laser tracker are put into the corresponding data processing device for data processing, such as a computer equipped with corresponding data processing analysis software.
  • the workpiece corresponding to the circular aperture to be tested may be a circular aperture formed by the axial position of the round bar member, or may be a circular aperture provided on the rectangular bar member.
  • the circular aperture generally refers to a large-aperture workpiece, because the disk body needs to be placed inside the circular aperture, the large aperture mentioned here.
  • the size criterion is that the aperture that can be placed in the disk body can be called a large aperture.
  • the present invention provides a coaxial measuring device for a circular aperture, comprising a disk body 3 and a laser tracker 6; the disk body 3 is radially provided with a length that can be stretched along the radial length of the disk body 3
  • the telescopic arm 4 has at least two telescopic arms 4 and is evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the disc body 1, and the center of the disc body 3 is provided with a reflective target 5; the laser tracker 6 is used for reflection
  • the target 5 emits a laser light, and the emission direction is at a predetermined angle with the central axis of the disk body 3, and the laser tracker 6 is also capable of receiving the reflection.
  • the returning laser reflected by the target 5 obtains the three-dimensional coordinates of the center of the corresponding position in the circular aperture to be tested according to the returning laser.
  • the coaxiality measuring device of the above circular aperture follows the core idea of the coaxiality measuring method of the circular aperture described above, and the coaxiality measuring method of the circular aperture has the above technical effects, the circular aperture is used
  • the coaxiality measuring device of the circular aperture of the coaxiality measuring method should also have corresponding technical effects, and will not be described herein.
  • the end of the telescopic arm 4 may also be provided with a running mechanism 7 for abutting against the inner wall of the circular aperture to be inspected.
  • a running mechanism 7 By providing the running mechanism 7, the movement of the coaxiality measuring device of the circular aperture in the circular aperture to be tested is more convenient.
  • the running mechanism 7 may include a roller 8 having a rolling surface that can be fitted to the inner wall of the circular aperture to be tested, and each end of the telescopic arm 4 is provided with at least two rollers 8 arranged in parallel, and the roller The roller of 8 is perpendicular to the center line of the disk body 3.
  • a roller 8 having a rolling surface that can be fitted to the inner wall of the circular aperture to be tested, and each end of the telescopic arm 4 is provided with at least two rollers 8 arranged in parallel, and the roller The roller of 8 is perpendicular to the center line of the disk body 3.
  • the traveling mechanism 7 further includes a walking crawler belt 9 that is sleeved on the rolling surfaces of the two outermost rollers 8 .
  • a walking crawler belt 9 that is sleeved on the rolling surfaces of the two outermost rollers 8 .
  • the above-mentioned running mechanism 7 may further include a motor 10 for driving the roller 8, and the coaxiality measuring device of the circular aperture can be realized by the motor to automatically walk in the circular aperture to be tested, of course, those skilled in the art should be able to It is understood that in order to realize the driving function, the motor should also be connected with a corresponding power source 17. In order to make the motor control more convenient, the motor can also be controlled by the remote controller. Moreover, the reduction gear set 11 can be disposed between the motor 10 and the roller 8, and the speed of the direct output of the motor is decelerated by the reduction gear set, so that the walking distance control of the traveling mechanism is more convenient and easy to control. It should be noted that the above-mentioned traveling mechanism may be the above-mentioned motor driving mode or manual manual driving mode, but the embodiment of the present invention preferably adopts a motor driving method.
  • the telescopic arm 4 can be stretched along the radial length of the disk body 3
  • the specific structure may be that the first bevel gear 12 coaxial with the disk body 3 and the second bevel gear 13 meshing with the first bevel gear 12 are disposed in the cavity of the disk body 3; the first bevel gear 12
  • the back surface of the telescopic arm 4 is provided with a second planar thread 15 on the arm surface of the telescopic arm 4; the second bevel gear 13 is connected to the drive mechanism 16.
  • the telescopic rod is a screw mechanism, and the screw rod is rotated by a screw mechanism with a vertically arranged bevel gear. When the bevel gear rotates, the screw rod rotates to realize elongation or shortening of the telescopic rod.
  • the drive mechanism 16 may be an adjustment knob disposed perpendicular to the axis of the second bevel gear 13. By rotating the adjustment knob, the second bevel gear rotates, thereby driving the first bevel gear to rotate, thereby driving the telescopic arm that is threadedly engaged with the first plane of the first bevel gear to be elongated or shortened. It should be understood that the above adjustment knob is only an example of the driving mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention, and may be other driving mechanisms commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as a motor drive.
  • the number of the disc bodies 3 described above is preferably two, and the two disc bodies 3 are arranged coaxially.
  • the coaxiality measuring device of the circular aperture is more stable and reliable when placed in the circular aperture to be tested, and passes through both ends of the circular aperture to be tested.
  • the laser tracker is arranged, so that the circular aperture coaxiality measuring device can measure the three-dimensional coordinates of the two centers when the position is in one position, so that the measurement efficiency is higher.
  • a fixed connection may be disposed between the first bevel gears 12 disposed inside the two disc bodies, and when a first bevel gear is adjusted by being arranged in a fixed connection, The other first bevel gear will also rotate synchronously, so that only one drive mechanism can be arranged to achieve simultaneous adjustment of the telescopic arms of the two disc bodies.
  • the specific structure of the above fixed connection may be that the two first bevel gears are connected by the hollow cylindrical body 18, and the bearing 19 of the outer cylindrical surface of the hollow cylindrical body 18 is connected with the corresponding hole on the disk body, and the The connecting member is arranged to be hollowed out, so that the weight of the coaxial measuring device of the entire circular aperture is reduced, and the bearing body 19 is arranged to make the disc body closely match the hollow cylindrical body without affecting the synchronization of the two first bevel gears. Turn.

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Abstract

一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法，通过圆盘体（3）的伸缩臂（4）的末端与待测圆形孔径的内壁相贴合，使得圆盘体（3）的中心即可认为是圆盘体（3）所处位置的截面圆所在的圆心，而圆盘体（3）的中心又设置有反射标靶（5），因此通过激光跟踪仪（6）向反射标靶（5）发射激光时，由于反射标靶（5）的反射会形成返回激光，激光跟踪仪（6）接收到该返回激光后，进行处理得到对应位置的圆心三维坐标，在通过移动圆盘体（3）所处的位置后，通过激光跟踪仪（6）能够得到更多位置的圆心三维坐标，最后根据多个不同位置的圆心三维坐标进行数据处理分析，可以得到待测圆形孔径的同轴度，从而实现了圆形孔径的同轴度测量。还公开了一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置。

Description

一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法及装置
本申请要求于2017年08月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710697609.2、发明名称为“一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及尺寸公差测量技术领域，尤其涉及一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法及装置。
背景技术
长的空心圆杆的同轴度测量是机械加工零件公差测量领域里最基本的测量项目之一，在精密仪器乃至军工的制造与检测、安装与定位等领域的中有着广泛的应用。圆柱度公差是用来控制理论上应同轴的提取被测轴线与基准轴线的不同轴程度。圆柱度公差带是直径为某一公差值，且于基准轴线同轴的圆柱面区域。同轴度的检测是要找出被测轴线离开基准轴线的最大距离，以其两倍值为同轴度误差。
目前测量圆形杆件的同轴度主要采用指示器法，如图1所示，把被测零件安装在精密分度装置的两同轴顶尖1之间，这两个顶尖1的公共轴线平行于平板底面2，以公共轴线作为测量基准。在轴向测量，取指示器在垂直于基准轴线的正截面上测的的读数差值的绝对值，作为在该截面上的同轴度误差。转动被测零件，按上述方法测量若干个截面，取各个截面测得读数中最大值(绝对值)作为该零件同轴度误差。
但上述方法仅能用于测量圆形杆件的外圆柱面的同轴度，而对于工件上开设的圆形孔径的同轴度并不适用，对于圆形孔径的同轴度目前尚没有较好的测量装置进行测量。
综上所述，如何解决圆形孔径的同轴度测量的问题，已成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法及装置，以实现圆形孔径的同轴度测量。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法，包括步骤：
步骤S1：将圆盘体放置于待检测圆形孔径内，所述圆盘体的径向设置有多个能够沿所述圆盘体的径向等长度伸缩的伸缩臂，所述圆盘体的中心位置设置有反射标靶，调节所述伸缩臂的伸长量使所述伸缩臂的末端与所述待检测圆形孔径的内壁贴合；
步骤S2：通过激光跟踪仪向所述反射标靶发射激光，且发射方向与所述圆盘体的中心轴线呈预设夹角；
步骤S3：当所述激光跟踪仪接收到所述反射标靶反射的返回激光后，所述激光跟踪仪对所述返回激光进行处理得到对应位置的圆心三维坐标；
步骤S4：通过移动所述圆盘体的位置，重复步骤S2和步骤S3可得到多个不同位置的圆心三维坐标；
步骤S5：通过对多个不同位置的圆心三维坐标进行数据处理分析，可以得到所述待测圆形孔径的同轴度。
相比于背景技术介绍内容，上述圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法，通过圆盘体的伸缩臂的末端与待测圆形孔径的内壁相贴合，使得圆盘体的中心即可认为是圆盘体所处位置的截面圆所在的圆心，而圆盘体的中心又设置有反射标靶，因此通过激光跟踪仪向反射标靶发射激光时，当然发射方向与圆盘体的中心轴线呈预设夹角，由于反射标靶的反射会形成返回激光，激光跟踪仪接收到该返回激光后，进行处理得到对应位置的圆心三维坐标，在通过移动圆盘体所处的位置后，通过激光跟踪仪能够得到更多位置的圆心三维坐标，最后根据多个不同位置的圆心三维坐标进行数据处理分析，可以得到待测圆形孔径的同轴度，从而实现了圆形孔径的同轴度测量。
另外本发明还提供了一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，包括圆盘体和激光跟踪仪；
所述圆盘体的径向设置有能够沿所述圆盘体的径向等长度伸缩的伸缩臂， 所述伸缩臂的数量至少为2个且沿所述圆盘体的周向均匀布置，且所述圆盘体的中心位置设置有反射标靶；
所述激光跟踪仪，用于向所述反射标靶发射激光，且发射方向与所述圆盘体的中心轴线呈预设夹角，所述激光跟踪仪还能够接收所述反射标靶反射的返回激光，并根据所述返回激光得到所述待测圆形孔径内对应位置的圆心三维坐标。
由于上述圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置沿用了上述圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法的核心思想，而上述圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法具有上述技术效果，因此沿用了上述圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置也应具有相应的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
优选地，所述伸缩臂的末端还设置有用于与所述待检测圆形孔径的内壁贴合的行走机构。
优选地，所述行走机构包括滚面用于与所述待测圆形孔径的内壁相贴合的滚轮，每个所述伸缩臂的末端至少设置有2个平行布置的所述滚轮，且所述滚轮的滚轴垂直于所述圆盘体的中心线。
优选地，所述行走机构还包括行走履带，所述行走履带套设在位于最外侧的两个所述滚轮的滚面上。
优选地，所述行走机构还包括用于驱动所述滚轮的电机，且所述电机与所述滚轮之间还设置有减速齿轮组。
优选地，所述圆盘体的型腔内设置有与所述圆盘体同轴心的第一锥齿轮和与所述第一锥齿轮啮合的第二锥齿轮；
所述第一锥齿轮的背面设置有第一平面螺纹，所述伸缩臂的臂面上设置有与所述第一平面螺纹配合的第二平面螺纹；
所述第二锥齿轮连接有驱动机构。
优选地，所述驱动机构为垂直于所述第二锥齿轮的轴心设置的调节旋钮。
优选地，所述圆盘体的数量为2个，且2个所述圆盘体为同轴心布置。
优选地，2个所述第一锥齿轮之间为固定连接。
附图说明
图1为传统的圆形杆件的同轴度的测量装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置的整体结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的圆盘体的内部结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的伸缩臂的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的两个圆盘体的连接结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的激光跟踪仪的结构示意图。
上图1-图6中，
顶尖1、平板底面2、圆盘体3、伸缩臂4、反射标靶5、激光跟踪仪6、行走机构7、滚轮8、行走履带9、电机10、第一锥齿轮12、第二锥齿轮13、第一平面螺纹14、第二平面螺纹15、驱动机构16、电源17、镂空柱型体18、轴承19。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法及装置，以实现圆形孔径的同轴度测量。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明提供的技术方案，下面将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
如图2-图6所示，本发明实施例提供的一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法，包括步骤：
步骤S1：将圆盘体3放置于待检测圆形孔径内，圆盘体3的径向设置有多个能够沿圆盘体3的径向等长度伸缩的伸缩臂4，圆盘体3的中心位置设置有反射标靶5，调节伸缩臂4的伸长量使伸缩臂4的末端与待检测圆形孔径的内壁贴合；
步骤S2：通过激光跟踪仪6向反射标靶5发射激光，且发射方向与圆盘体3的中心轴线呈预设夹角；
步骤S3：当激光跟踪仪6接收到反射标靶5反射的返回激光后，激光跟 踪仪6对返回激光进行处理得到对应位置的圆心三维坐标；
步骤S4：通过移动圆盘体3的位置，重复步骤S2和步骤S3可得到多个不同位置的圆心三维坐标；
步骤S5：通过对多个不同位置的圆心三维坐标进行数据处理分析，可以得到待测圆形孔径的同轴度。
上述圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法，通过圆盘体的伸缩臂的末端与待测圆形孔径的内壁相贴合，使得圆盘体的中心即可认为是圆盘体所处位置的截面圆所在的圆心，而圆盘体的中心又设置有反射标靶，因此通过激光跟踪仪向反射标靶发射激光时，当然发射方向与圆盘体的中心轴线呈预设夹角，由于反射标靶的反射会形成返回激光，激光跟踪仪接收到该返回激光后，进行处理得到对应位置的圆心三维坐标，在通过移动圆盘体所处的位置后，通过激光跟踪仪能够得到更多位置的圆心三维坐标，最后根据多个不同位置的圆心三维坐标进行数据处理分析，可以得到待测圆形孔径的同轴度，从而实现了圆形孔径的同轴度测量。
这里需要说明的是，对多个不同位置的圆心坐标进行数据处理分析，可以是激光跟踪仪内部嵌入对应的软件程序，从而完成对应的数据处理并得出圆形孔径的同轴度，也可以是将激光跟踪仪得到的圆心三维坐标放入到对应的数据处理设备中进行数据处理，比如安装有对应数据处理分析软件的电脑。此外需要说明的是，上述待测圆形孔径所对应的工件，可以是圆杆件的轴心位置开设的圆形孔径，也可以是矩形杆件上设置的圆形孔径。只要是开设有圆形孔径的工件即可进行测量，当然这里所说的圆形孔径一般是指的大孔径的工件，因为需要将圆盘体放入圆形孔径内部，这里所说的大孔径的大小标准是能够放入圆盘体的孔径均可称之为大孔径。
另外本发明还提供了一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，包括圆盘体3和激光跟踪仪6；圆盘体3的径向设置有能够沿圆盘体3的径向等长度伸缩的伸缩臂4，伸缩臂4的数量至少为2个且沿圆盘体1的周向均匀布置，且圆盘体3的中心位置设置有反射标靶5；激光跟踪仪6，用于向反射标靶5发射激光，且发射方向与圆盘体3的中心轴线呈预设夹角，激光跟踪仪6还能够接收反射 标靶5反射的返回激光，并根据返回激光得到待测圆形孔径内对应位置的圆心三维坐标。
由于上述圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置沿用了上述圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法的核心思想，而上述圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法具有上述技术效果，因此沿用了上述圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置也应具有相应的技术效果，在此不再赘述。
在一些具体的实施方案中，上述伸缩臂4的末端还可以设置有用于与待检测圆形孔径的内壁贴合的行走机构7。通过设置行走机构7，使得圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置在待测圆形孔径内的移动更加方便。
进一步的实施方案中，上述行走机构7可以包括滚面能够与待测圆形孔径的内壁相贴合的滚轮8，每个伸缩臂4的末端至少设置有2个平行布置的滚轮8，且滚轮8的滚轴垂直于圆盘体3的中心线。当然可以理解的是，上述滚轮仅仅是本发明实施例对于行走机构的优选举例，还可以是本领域技术人员常用的其他行走机构，比如表面光滑的滑雪橇的结构。
更进一步的实施方案中，上述行走机构7还还包括行走履带9，行走履带9套设在位于最外侧的两个滚轮8的滚面上。通过设置行走履带进行传动，使得伸缩臂的末端与待测圆形孔径的内壁贴合更加平缓，避免了硬硬接触对待测圆形孔径造成划伤。
此外，上述行走机构7还可以包括用于驱动滚轮8的电机10，通过设置电机可以实现圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置在待测圆形孔径内自动行走，当然本领域技术人员都应该能够理解的是，电机为了能够实现驱动功能，还应该连接有对应的电源17，为了使得电机控制更加方便，还可以通过遥控器对电机进行控制。并且该电机10与滚轮8之间还可以设置有减速齿轮组11，通过减速齿轮组对电机直接输出的转速进行减速，使得行走机构行走距离控制更加方便，容易控制。这里需要说明的是，上述行走机构可以是上述电机驱动的方式，也可以是人工手动驱动的方式，只不过本发明实施例优选采用电机驱动的方式而已。
在一些更具体的实施方案中，伸缩臂4能够沿圆盘体3的径向等长度伸缩 的具体结构可以是，圆盘体3的型腔内设置有与圆盘体3同轴心的第一锥齿轮12和与第一锥齿轮12啮合的第二锥齿轮13；第一锥齿轮12的背面设置有第一平面螺纹14，伸缩臂4的臂面上设置有与第一平面螺纹14配合的第二平面螺纹15；第二锥齿轮13连接有驱动机构16。通过伸缩臂的臂面与第一锥齿轮的背面平面螺纹配合，使得第一锥齿轮发生旋转时，伸缩臂能够实现同时等长度的伸长或缩短。当然可以理解的是，上述仅仅是本发明实施例对于伸缩臂4能够沿圆盘体3的径向等长度伸缩的具体结构的举例，也可以是本领域技术人员常用的其他伸缩结构，比如通过伸缩杆为丝杠机构，通过丝杠机构配合垂直布置的锥齿轮实现丝杠的旋转，锥齿轮旋转时，丝杠跟着旋转进而实现伸缩杆的伸长或缩短。
进一步的实施方案中，上述驱动机构16可以为垂直于第二锥齿轮13的轴心设置的调节旋钮。通过旋动调节旋钮，第二锥齿轮发生旋转，进而带动第一锥齿轮旋转，从而带动与第一锥齿轮的第一平面螺纹配合的伸缩臂伸长或缩短。当然可以理解的是，上述调节旋钮仅仅是本发明实施例对于驱动机构的一种举例，还可以是本领域技术人员常用的其他驱动机构，比如电机驱动等。
在另外一些具体的实施方案中，上述圆盘体3的数量优选为2个，且2个圆盘体3为同轴心布置。通过将圆盘体布置成同轴心布置的两个，使得圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置在待测圆形孔径内放置时，更加稳定可靠，并且通过在待测圆形孔径的两端同时布置激光跟踪仪，可以使得圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置处于一个位置时能够测得两个圆心三维坐标，使得测量效率更高。
更进一步的实施方案中，上述2个圆盘体内部设置的第一锥齿轮12之间还可以设置固定连接的方式，通过设置成固定连接的方式，当对一个第一锥齿轮进行调节时，另一个第一锥齿轮也会同步转动，进而使得只需布置一个驱动机构即可实现对2个圆盘体的伸缩臂同时调节。并且上述固定连接的具体结构可以是，两个第一锥齿轮通过镂空柱型体18连接，镂空柱型体18的外圆柱面上设置轴承19与圆盘体上对应的孔实现连接，通过将连接件设置成镂空柱型体，使得整个圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置的重量减轻，通过设置轴承19使得圆盘体与镂空柱型体紧密配合且不影响两个第一锥齿轮的同步转动。
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    步骤S1：将圆盘体(3)放置于待检测圆形孔径内，所述圆盘体(3)的径向设置有多个能够沿所述圆盘体(3)的径向等长度伸缩的伸缩臂(4)，所述圆盘体(3)的中心位置设置有反射标靶(5)，调节所述伸缩臂(4)的伸长量使所述伸缩臂(4)的末端与所述待检测圆形孔径的内壁贴合；
    步骤S2：通过激光跟踪仪(6)向所述反射标靶(5)发射激光，且发射方向与所述圆盘体(3)的中心轴线呈预设夹角；
    步骤S3：当所述激光跟踪仪(6)接收到所述反射标靶(5)反射的返回激光后，所述激光跟踪仪(6)对所述返回激光进行处理得到对应位置的圆心三维坐标；
    步骤S4：通过移动所述圆盘体(3)的位置，重复步骤S2和步骤S3可得到多个不同位置的圆心三维坐标；
    步骤S5：通过对多个不同位置的圆心三维坐标进行数据处理分析，可以得到所述待测圆形孔径的同轴度。
  2. 一种圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，其特征在于，包括圆盘体(3)和激光跟踪仪(6)；
    所述圆盘体(3)的径向设置有能够沿所述圆盘体(3)的径向等长度伸缩的伸缩臂(4)，所述伸缩臂(4)的数量至少为2个且沿所述圆盘体(1)的周向均匀布置，且所述圆盘体(3)的中心位置设置有反射标靶(5)；
    所述激光跟踪仪(6)，用于向所述反射标靶(5)发射激光，且发射方向与所述圆盘体(3)的中心轴线呈预设夹角，所述激光跟踪仪(6)还能够接收所述反射标靶(5)反射的返回激光，并根据所述返回激光得到所述待测圆形孔径内对应位置的圆心三维坐标。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，其特征在于，所述伸缩臂(4)的末端还设置有用于与所述待检测圆形孔径的内壁贴合的行走机构(7)。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，其特征在于，所述行走机构(7)包括滚面用于与所述待测圆形孔径的内壁相贴合的滚轮(8)，每个所述伸缩臂(4)的末端至少设置有2个滚轴平行布置的所述滚轮(8)，且所述滚轮(8)的滚轴垂直于所述圆盘体(3)的中心线。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，其特征在于，所述行走机构(7)还包括行走履带(9)，所述行走履带(9)套设在位于最外侧的两个所述滚轮(8)的滚面上。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，其特征在于，所述行走机构(7)还包括用于驱动所述滚轮(8)的电机(10)，且所述电机(10)与所述滚轮(8)之间还设置有减速齿轮组(11)。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，其特征在于，所述圆盘体(3)的型腔内设置有与所述圆盘体(3)同轴心的第一锥齿轮(12)和与所述第一锥齿轮(12)啮合的第二锥齿轮(13)；
    所述第一锥齿轮(12)的背面设置有第一平面螺纹(14)，所述伸缩臂(4)的臂面上设置有与所述第一平面螺纹(14)配合的第二平面螺纹(15)；
    所述第二锥齿轮(13)连接有驱动机构(16)。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，其特征在于，所述驱动机构(16)为垂直于所述第二锥齿轮(13)的轴心设置的调节旋钮。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，其特征在于，所述圆盘体(3)的数量为2个，且2个所述圆盘体(3)为同轴心布置。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的圆形孔径的同轴度测量装置，其特征在于，2个所述第一锥齿轮(12)之间为固定连接。
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