WO2019032038A1 - Adaptation du fonctionnement en semi-duplex dans des transmissions de signaux de référence (rs) réduits ou amoindris - Google Patents

Adaptation du fonctionnement en semi-duplex dans des transmissions de signaux de référence (rs) réduits ou amoindris Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019032038A1
WO2019032038A1 PCT/SE2018/050815 SE2018050815W WO2019032038A1 WO 2019032038 A1 WO2019032038 A1 WO 2019032038A1 SE 2018050815 W SE2018050815 W SE 2018050815W WO 2019032038 A1 WO2019032038 A1 WO 2019032038A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
downlink
wireless device
reference signal
muted
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PCT/SE2018/050815
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English (en)
Inventor
Santhan THANGARASA
Muhammad Kazmi
Kazuyoshi Uesaka
Iana Siomina
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Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
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Publication of WO2019032038A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019032038A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
    • H04L5/16—Half-duplex systems; Simplex/duplex switching; Transmission of break signals non-automatically inverting the direction of transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to Half-Duplex Frequency Division
  • HD-FDD High-FDD
  • RS Reference Signal
  • MTC Machine Type Communication
  • the Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication which is also known as MTC, is used for establishing communication between machines and between machines and humans.
  • the communication may comprise exchange of data, signaling, measurement data, configuration information, etc.
  • the device size may vary from that of a wallet to that of a base station.
  • the M2M devices are quite often used for applications like sensing environmental conditions (e.g. , temperature reading), metering or measurement (e.g. , electricity usage, etc.), fault finding or error detection, etc. In these applications, the M2M devices are active very seldom but over a consecutive duration depending upon the type of service, e.g. about 200 milliseconds (ms) once every two seconds, about 500 ms every 60 minutes, etc.
  • the M2M device may also do measurements on other frequencies or other Radio Access Technologies (RATs).
  • RATs Radio Access Technologies
  • UE Low Complexity User Equipment
  • the MTC device is expected to be of low cost and low complexity.
  • a low complexity UE envisages for M2M operation may implement one or more low cost features like smaller downlink and uplink maximum transport block size (e.g., 1000 bits) and/or reduced downlink channel bandwidth of 1.4 megahertz (MHz) for data channel (e.g., Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)).
  • a low cost UE may also comprise a Half-Duplex Frequency Division Duplexing (HD-FDD) and one or more of the following additional features: single receiver (1 Rx) at the UE, smaller downlink and/or uplink maximum transport block size (e.g., 1000 bits), and reduced downlink channel bandwidth of 1.4 MHz for the data channel.
  • the low cost UE may also be termed a low complexity UE.
  • MBB Mobile Broadband
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NB-loT Narrowband Internet of Things
  • Radio measurements done by the UE are typically performed on the serving as well as on neighbour cells (e.g., Narrowband (NB) cells, NB Physical Resource Block (PRB), etc.) over some known reference symbols or pilot sequences, e.g. NB Cell Specific Reference Signal (NB-CRS), NB Secondary Synchronization Signal (NSSS), NB Primary Synchronization Signal (NPSS), etc.
  • the measurements are done on cells on an intra-frequency carrier, inter- frequency carrier(s), as well as on inter-RAT carriers(s) (depending upon the UE capability whether it supports that RAT).
  • the network has to configure the measurement gaps.
  • the measurements are done for various purposes. Some example measurement purposes are: mobility, positioning, Self-Organizing Network (SON), Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT), Operation and Maintenance (O&M), network planning and optimization, etc. Examples of measurements in LTE are Physical Cell Identity (PCI) acquisition, Reference Signal Received Power
  • RSRP Reference Signal Received Quality
  • RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
  • CGI Cell Global Identifier
  • RSTD Reference Signal Time Difference
  • RX UE Receive
  • TX time difference measurement
  • RLM Radio Link Monitoring
  • CSI Channel State Information
  • CQI Channel Quality Indication
  • PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator
  • Rl Rank Indicator
  • CSI- RS CSI Reference Signal
  • DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal
  • the UE In order to identify an unknown cell (e.g., new neighbor cell), the UE has to acquire the timing of that cell and eventually the PCI.
  • the downlink subframe # 0 and subframe # 5 carry synchronization signals (i.e., both Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and Secondary
  • Synchronization Signal (SSS)).
  • the synchronization signals used for NB-loT are known as NPSS and NSSS and their periodicity may be different from the LTE legacy synchronization signals. This is called cell search or cell identification. Subsequently the UE also measures RSRP and/or RSRQ of the newly identified cell in order to use itself and/or report the measurement to the network node. In total there are 504 PCIs in NB-loT RAT.
  • the cell search is also a type of measurement. The measurements are done in all Radio Resource Control
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • RRC connected state the measurements are used by the UE for one or more tasks such as for reporting the results to the network node.
  • RRC idle the measurements are used by the UE for one or more tasks such as for cell selection, cell reselection, etc.
  • Enhanced MTC Enhanced MTC
  • the eMTC features specified in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) RP-152024 and R1 -157926 include a low-complexity UE category called UE category M1 (or Cat-M1 for short) and Coverage Enhancement (CE) techniques (CE modes A and B) that can be used together with UE category M1 or any other LTE UE category.
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • UE category M1 or Cat-M1 for short
  • CE Coverage Enhancement
  • All eMTC features (both Cat-M1 and E modes A and B) operate using a reduced maximum channel bandwidth compared to normal LTE.
  • the maximum channel bandwidth in eMTC is 1.4 MHz whereas it is up to 20 MHz in normal LTE.
  • the eMTC UEs are still able to operate within the larger LTE system bandwidth without problem.
  • the main difference compared to normal LTE UEs is that the eMTCs can only be scheduled with six PRBs (i.e., 180 kilohertz (kHz)) at a time.
  • 3GPP also specified another UE category whose maximum channel bandwidth is up to 5 MHz whereas the LTE system channel bandwidth is up to 20 MHz. This is called UE category M2, and it can support the CEs, e.g. CE Mode A and CE Mode B.
  • CE modes A and B the coverage of physical channels is enhanced through various coverage enhancement techniques, the most important being repetition or retransmission.
  • NB-loT The objective of NB-loT is to specify a radio access for cellular Internet of Things (loT), based to a great extent on a non-backward-compatible variant of Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), that addresses improved indoor coverage, support for a massive number of low throughput devices, low delay sensitivity, ultra-low device cost, low device power consumption, and (optimized) network architecture.
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • the NB-loT carrier bandwidth is 200 kHz.
  • Examples of operating bandwidths of LTE are 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, etc.
  • NB-loT supports three different modes of operation:
  • EDGE Data Rates for GSM Evolution
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • GERAN Radio Access Network
  • EDGE Data Rates for GSM Evolution
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • the other system can be another NB-loT operation or any other RAT, e.g. LTE.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • guard band may also be
  • guard bandwidth As an example, in case of LTE bandwidth of 20 MHz (i.e., 100 RBs), the guard band operation of NB-loT can place anywhere outside the central 18 MHz but within 20 MHz LTE bandwidth.
  • ⁇ -band operation' utilizing RBs within a normal LTE carrier.
  • the in-band operation may also be interchangeably called in-bandwidth operation.
  • the operation of one RAT within the bandwidth of another RAT is also called in-band operation.
  • NB-loT operation over one RB within the 50 RBs is called in- band operation.
  • Frequency Division Multiplexing with 15 kHz subcarrier spacing for all the scenarios: standalone, guard-band, and in-band.
  • OFDM Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • NB-loT supports both master information broadcast and system information broadcast which are carried by different physical channels.
  • NPBCH Physical Broadcasting Channel
  • MIB Master Information Block
  • RSs used in NB-loT are called NB Reference Signals (RSs) (NRSs).
  • RSs NB Reference Signals
  • NRSs Downlink synchronization signals consist of NPSS and NSSS.
  • HD Half-Duplex
  • the uplink and downlink transmissions take place on different paired carrier frequencies but not simultaneously in time in the same cell.
  • a HD-FDD supported UE assumes to have one Local Oscillator (LO) commonly used for downlink reception and uplink transmission, and it saves the UE cost and complexity to avoid the dedicated LO.
  • LO Local Oscillator
  • TTI Transmission Time Interval
  • uplink and downlink do not overlap in time.
  • the number and location of subframes used for downlink, uplink, or unused subframes can vary on the basis of frame or multiple of frames. For example, in one radio frame (say frame #1 ) subframes #9, #0, #4, and #5 are used for downlink and subframes #2 and #7 are used for uplink transmission. But in another frame (say frame #2), subframes #0 and #5 are used for downlink and subframes #2, #3, #7, and #8 are used for uplink transmission.
  • HD-FDD is only for the UE; a base station connecting to a HD-FDD UE operates with Full-Duplex Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) (FD-FDD) mode.
  • the path loss between the loT device and the base station can be very large in some scenarios, such as when used as a sensor or metering device located in a remote location such as in the basement of a building. In such scenarios the reception of the signal from the base station is very challenging. For example, the path loss can be worse than 20 decibels (dB) compared to normal operation.
  • the coverage in uplink and/or in downlink has to be substantially enhanced with respect to the normal coverage (aka legacy coverage). This is realized by employing one or a plurality of advanced techniques in the UE and/or in the radio network node for enhancing the coverage.
  • Some non-limiting examples of such advanced techniques are (but are not limited to) transmit power boosting, repetition of transmitted signal, applying additional redundancy to the transmitted signal, use of an advanced/enhanced receiver, etc.
  • the loT when employing such coverage enhancing techniques, the loT is regarded to be operating in 'coverage enhancing mode' or coverage extending mode.
  • the maximum number of repetitions for PDSCH and Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), respectively, for CE modes A and B are given by the cell-specific broadcasted parameters:
  • DCI Downlink Control Channel
  • MPDCCH Massive Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • the wireless communication device transmits on the uplink control channel it may use repetitions as individually configured by the network node:
  • wireless communication devices may apply a different number of repetitions.
  • a low complexity UE may also be capable of supporting enhanced coverage mode of operation.
  • the coverage level of the UE with regard to a cell may be expressed in terms of signal level such as signal quality, signal strength, or path loss with regard to that cell.
  • a method of operation of a network node in a wireless system comprises obtaining first information comprising information that indicates that a duplex mode of a wireless device is HD-FDD and information that indicates an uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device.
  • the method further comprises obtaining second information comprising information that indicates that a reference signal that is transmitted in a cell is muted or expected to be muted and information that indicates a muting or availability pattern for the reference signal.
  • the method further comprises performing one or more actions based on the first information and the second information.
  • the one or more actions comprise one or more actions that reduce unwanted interference in neighbor cells by increasing the amount of time during which the reference signal can be muted and/or that increase the usage of the reference signal by not transmitting the reference signal on time-frequency resources on which it will not be used by the wireless device.
  • the reference signal is always transmitted in a certain part of a Radio Frequency (RF) bandwidth of the cell and is transmitted, even when muted.
  • the certain part of the RF bandwidth of the cell is a center six Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs) of the RF bandwidth of the cell.
  • PRBs Physical Resource Blocks
  • the reference signal is transmitted over all of the RF bandwidth of the cell when the reference signal is not muted, and the reference signal is not transmitted over one or more muted parts of the RF bandwidth of the cell is muted, where the one or more muted parts are one or more parts of the RF bandwidth of the cell other than the certain part of the RF bandwidth of the cell in which the reference signal is always transmitted.
  • the one or more actions comprise adapting a transmission pattern for the reference signal based on the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device such that the reference signal is muted in time and/or frequency resources in which the reference signal is not needed for radio measurement by the wireless device.
  • the one or more actions comprise adapting a transmission pattern for the reference signal based on the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device such that the reference signal is muted during one or more time periods in which the wireless device is in uplink mode.
  • the one or more actions comprise aligning the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device with uplink/downlink patterns of one or more additional HD-FDD wireless devices and adapting scheduling of the wireless device and the one or more additional wireless devices according to the aligned uplink/downlink patterns of the wireless device and the one or more additional HD-FDD wireless devices.
  • aligning the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device with the uplink/downlink patterns of the one or more additional HD-FDD wireless devices comprises aligning the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device with the uplink/downlink patterns of the one or more additional HD-FDD wireless devices such that downlink and uplink time resources of the wireless device and the one or more additional HD- FDD wireless devices are overlapping or partially overlapping.
  • the one or more actions comprise determining when the wireless device will create uplink transmission gaps, and adapting a transmission pattern for the reference signal based on when the wireless device will create uplink transmission gaps.
  • the one or more actions comprise adapting a transmission pattern for the reference signal based on a Discontinuous
  • DRX Reception
  • the one or more actions comprise adapting the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device such that the wireless device is configured for downlink when the reference signal is available on a portion of a downlink bandwidth of the cell that is accessible to the wireless device.
  • the one or more actions comprise jointly adapting one or more of the reference signal transmission pattern, the uplink/downlink patterns of the wireless device and one or more additional HD- FDD wireless devices, and/or the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device to increase an amount of saved resources due to a reduction in a bandwidth of the reference signal.
  • the method further comprises determining that a RF bandwidth of the wireless device is less than a RF bandwidth of the cell.
  • the method further comprises signaling information related to the one or more actions to one or more other network nodes and/or one or more other wireless devices.
  • a network node for a wireless system is adapted to obtain first information comprising information that indicates that a duplex mode of a wireless device is HD-FDD and information that indicates an uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device.
  • the network node is further adapted to obtain second information comprising information that indicates that a reference signal that is transmitted in a cell is muted or expected to be muted and information that indicates a muting or availability pattern for the reference signal.
  • the network node is further adapted to perform one or more actions based on the first information and the second information.
  • a network node for a wireless system comprises at least one processor and memory comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor whereby the network node is operable to: obtain first information comprising information that indicates that a duplex mode of a wireless device is HD-FDD and information that indicates an uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device; obtain second information comprising information that indicates that a reference signal that is transmitted in a cell is muted or expected to be muted and information that indicates a muting or availability pattern for the reference signal; and perform one or more actions based on the first information and the second information.
  • a network node for a wireless system comprises one or more modules comprising a first obtaining module, a second obtaining module, and a performing module.
  • the first obtaining module is operable to obtain first information comprising information that indicates that a duplex mode of a wireless device is HD-FDD information that indicates an uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device.
  • the second obtaining module is operable to obtain second information comprising information that indicates that a reference signal that is transmitted in a cell is muted or expected to be muted and information that indicates a muting or availability pattern for the reference signal.
  • the performing module operable to perform one or more actions based on the first information and the second information.
  • a method of operation of a wireless device in a wireless system comprises obtaining first information comprising information that indicates that a duplex mode of the wireless device is HD-FDD and information that indicates an uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device.
  • the method further comprises obtaining second information comprising information that indicates that a reference signal that is transmitted in a cell is muted or expected to be muted and information that indicates a muting or availability pattern for the reference signal.
  • the method further comprises performing one or more actions based on the first information and the second information.
  • the reference signal is always transmitted in a certain part of a RF bandwidth of the cell and is transmitted, even when muted.
  • the certain part of the RF bandwidth of the cell is a center six PRBs of the RF bandwidth of the cell.
  • the reference signal is transmitted over all of the RF bandwidth of the cell when the reference signal is not muted, and the reference signal is not transmitted over one or more muted parts of the RF bandwidth of the cell is muted, the one or more muted parts being one or more parts of the RF bandwidth of the cell other than the certain part of the RF bandwidth of the cell in which the reference signal is always transmitted.
  • the one or more actions comprise determining, based on the first and second information, that the reference signal is going to be muted during a downlink time period during which a downlink operation is to be performed and refraining from performing the downlink operation upon determining that the reference signal is going to be muted during the downlink time period during which the downlink operation was to be performed. In some embodiments, the one or more actions comprise determining, based on the first and second information, that the reference signal is going to be muted during a downlink time period during which a downlink operation is to be performed and postponing the downlink operation upon determining that the reference signal is going to be muted during the downlink time period during which the downlink operation was to be performed. In some embodiments, the downlink operation is downlink reference signal measurement.
  • the one or more actions comprise switching from uplink mode to downlink mode early if the reference signal is not muted at that time.
  • the method further comprises determining that a RF bandwidth of the wireless device is less than a RF bandwidth of the cell.
  • the method further comprises signaling information related to the one or more actions to one or more network nodes and/or one or more other wireless devices.
  • a wireless device for a wireless system is adapted to obtain first information comprising information that indicates that a duplex mode of the wireless device is HD-FDD and information that indicates an uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device.
  • the wireless device is further adapted to obtain second information comprising information that indicates that a reference signal that is transmitted in a cell is muted or expected to be muted and information that indicates a muting or availability pattern for the reference signal.
  • the wireless device is further adapted to perform one or more actions based on the first information and the second information.
  • a wireless device for a wireless system comprises one or more transceivers and circuitry associated with the one or more transceivers whereby the wireless device is operable to: obtain first information comprising information that indicates that a duplex mode of the wireless device is HD-FDD and information that indicates an uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device; obtain second information comprising information that indicates that a reference signal that is transmitted in a cell is muted or expected to be muted and information that indicates a muting or availability pattern for the reference signal; and perform one or more actions based on the first information and the second information.
  • a wireless device for a wireless system comprises one or more modules comprising a first obtaining module, a second obtaining module, and a performing module.
  • the first obtaining module is operable to obtain first information comprising information that indicates that a duplex mode of the wireless device is HD-FDD and information that indicates an uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device.
  • the second obtaining module is operable to obtain second information comprising information that indicates that a reference signal that is transmitted in a cell is muted or expected to be muted information that indicates a muting or availability pattern for the reference signal.
  • the performing module is operable to perform one or more actions based on the first information and the second information.
  • Figure 1 illustrates one example of a wireless system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart that illustrates the operation of a network node in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of User Equipment (UE) bandwidth and cell bandwidth location in the frequency domain;
  • UE User Equipment
  • Figure 4 illustrates an example of an uplink/downlink switching pattern of a Half-Duplex Frequency Division Duplexing (HD-FDD) wireless device
  • Figure 5 illustrates an example showing adapted Reference Signal (RS) transmission based on a HD-FDD uplink/downlink switching pattern
  • Figure 6 illustrates an example showing the scenario with a mix of Full- Duplex Frequency Division Duplexing (FD-FDD) and HD-FDD UEs in the cell;
  • FD-FDD Full- Duplex Frequency Division Duplexing
  • HD-FDD UEs HD-FDD
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart that illustrates the operation of a wireless device in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Figures 8 and 9 illustrate example embodiments of a wireless device
  • Figures 10 through 12 illustrate example embodiments of a network node.
  • a more general term "network node” is used and it can correspond to any type of radio network node or any network node, which communicates with a User Equipment device (UE) and/or with another network node.
  • network nodes are a Node B, a Master enhanced or evolved Node B (MeNB), a Secondary enhanced or evolved Node B (SeNB), a network node belonging to a Master Cell Group (MCG) or a Secondary Cell Group (SCG), a base station, a Multi-Standard Radio (MSR) radio node such as a MSR base station, an enhanced or evolved Node B (eNB), a network controller, a Radio Network Controller (RNC), a Base Station Controller (BSC), a relay, a donor node controlling relay, a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), an Access Point (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, a Remote Radio Unit (RRU), a Remote Radio Head (RRH), nodes in a Distributed Antenn
  • the non-limiting terms UE or wireless device are used interchangeably.
  • the UE herein can be any type of wireless device capable of communicating with a network node or another UE over radio signals.
  • the UE may also be a radio communication device, a target device, a Device-to-Device (D2D) UE, a machine type UE or a UE capable of Machine-to- Machine (M2M) communication, a low-cost and/or low-complexity UE, a sensor equipped with a UE, a tablet, mobile terminals, a smart phone, Laptop
  • D2D Device-to-Device
  • M2M Machine-to- Machine
  • LEE Embedded Equipment
  • LME Laptop Mounted Equipment
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • CPE Customer Premises Equipment
  • LoT Internet of Things
  • NB-loT Narrowband loT
  • radio network node can be any kind of a radio network node which may comprise any of a base station, a radio base station, a BTS, a BSC, a network controller, a RNC, an eNB, a Node B, a Multi-Cell/Multicast Coordination Entity (MCE), a relay node, an AP, a radio AP, a RRU, and a RRH.
  • a radio network node may comprise any of a base station, a radio base station, a BTS, a BSC, a network controller, a RNC, an eNB, a Node B, a Multi-Cell/Multicast Coordination Entity (MCE), a relay node, an AP, a radio AP, a RRU, and a RRH.
  • MCE Multi-Cell/Multicast Coordination Entity
  • the UE may be configured with a Primary Cell (PCell) and a Primary Secondary Cell (PSCell) or with a PCell, a PSCell, and one or more Secondary Cells (SCells) such as in dual connectivity and/or carrier aggregation.
  • the configured cells are UE specific, aka serving cells of the UE.
  • the term "monitoring" is used and it may correspond to any type of measurement, e.g. path, signal strength, signal quality, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), cell search, etc.
  • the term "layer" is used and it may correspond to any carrier frequency on which one or more cells operate and can transmit and/or receive signals.
  • the UE can perform one or more measurements on signals of one or more cells belonging to the carrier frequency.
  • the layer is also called a frequency layer, a carrier frequency layer, etc.
  • Each carrier frequency is addressed or indicated to the UE by an absolute channel number called an Absolute Radio Frequency (RF) Channel Number (ARFCN), e.g. Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) ARFCN (UARFCN) in Universal Mobile
  • the UE is served by a serving cell which has already been identified by the UE.
  • the UE further identifies at least one other cell, which may be called a target cell or a neighbor cell.
  • the serving cell and the neighbor cell are served or managed by the first network node and the second network node, respectively.
  • the serving cell and the neighbor cell are served or managed by the same network node, e.g. a first network node.
  • the embodiments are applicable for a UE in a low or in a high activity state.
  • Examples of low activity state are Radio Resource Control (RRC) idle state, idle mode, etc.
  • Examples of high activity state are RRC CONNECTED state, active mode, active state, etc.
  • the UE may be configured to operate in Discontinuous Reception (DRX) or in non-DRX. If configured to operate in DRX, it may still operate according to non-DRX as long as it receives new
  • the UE may operate under normal coverage, extended coverage, or extreme coverage with respect to its serving cell or the target cell on which the measurement is to be performed. These coverage classes are also
  • the UE may also operate in a plurality of coverage levels, e.g. normal coverage, enhanced coverage level 1 , enhanced coverage level 2, enhanced coverage level 3, and so on.
  • the coverage level may be expressed in terms of:
  • Examples of signal quality are Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Channel Quality Indication (CQI),
  • RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
  • CRS Cell Specific Reference Signal
  • SCH Shared Channel
  • Es/lot is defined as the ratio of:
  • Es which is the received energy per Resource Element (RE) (power normalized to the subcarrier spacing) during the useful part of the symbol, i.e. excluding the cyclic prefix, at the UE antenna connector, to
  • RE Resource Element
  • CE level 1 (CE1 ) comprising SNR > -6
  • CE level 2 (CE2) comprising -12 dB ⁇ SNR ⁇ -6 dB at the UE with
  • CE level 1 (CE1 ) comprising SNR > -6 dB at the UE with regard to its serving cell;
  • CE level 2 (CE2) comprising -12 dB ⁇ SNR ⁇ -6 dB at the UE with
  • CE level 3 comprising -15 dB ⁇ SNR ⁇ -12 dB at the UE with regard to its serving cell
  • CE level 4 (CE4) comprising -18 dB ⁇ SNR ⁇ -15 dB at the UE with regard to its serving cell.
  • CE1 may also interchangeably be called normal coverage level, baseline coverage level, reference coverage level, legacy coverage level, etc.
  • CE2-CE4 may be termed enhanced coverage or extended coverage levels.
  • MTC Mobile Transmission Control
  • eMTC enhanced MTC
  • FeMTC enhanced FeMTC
  • NB-loT devices NB-loT devices.
  • RAT Radio Access Technology
  • a measurement configuration is adapted based on channel quality of the measured cells.
  • a Half-Duplex Frequency Division Duplexing (HD- FDD) UE i.e., a UE that is operating in a HD-FDD mode
  • Such UE can assume downlink signals, such as CRS Reference Signals (RSs), in any downlink subframe. This means the network node transmits the RSs always regardless of the UE mode (uplink or downlink).
  • RSs CRS Reference Signals
  • the network node transmitting downlink signals during that time becomes useless since the downlink signals are not going to be used by that UE, assuming that there are no other Full-Duplex Frequency Division Duplexing (FD-FDD) UEs in the cell which require CRS.
  • FD-FDD Full-Duplex Frequency Division Duplexing
  • a UE which is operating in HD-FDD mode, is configured to perform one or more radio operations on at least a RS transmitted by a first cell (celM ) in a scenario in which celM mutes or is expected to mute RSs at least in certain one or more parts of the bandwidth of celM (e.g., transmitted only in six center Resource Blocks (RBs) whereas the cell bandwidth is 3 megahertz (MHz) or larger) during certain time resources.
  • celM a first cell
  • RBs center Resource Blocks
  • MHz megahertz
  • the wireless device is performing the radio operations adaptively to or accounting for the RS transmissions availability and/or RS availability pattern e.g., characterized by a subset of downlink subframes when the RSs are available in the time domain and/or a bandwidth or subset of RBs over which the RSs are available in the frequency domain.
  • the RS transmissions availability and/or RS availability pattern e.g., characterized by a subset of downlink subframes when the RSs are available in the time domain and/or a bandwidth or subset of RBs over which the RSs are available in the frequency domain.
  • radio operations are frequency synchronization or tracking, determining UE transmit timing, time synchronization or tracking, Automatic Gain Control (AGC), cell or beam detection or identification, radio measurements, etc.
  • AGC Automatic Gain Control
  • a RF bandwidth of the HD-FDD UE is less than a RF bandwidth (BW1 ) of celM , in addition to the scenario described above, i.e., the HD-FDD UE needs to further adapt its radio operations to account for the bandwidth where RSs are available if they are available only on a part of the cell bandwidth at least during some time intervals.
  • the HD-FDD UE may refrain from starting or postpone the start of performing one or more downlink operations in celM that use downlink RSs if it is determined that the downlink RSs are not going to be available within the UE RF bandwidth, i.e. downlink RSs are going to be or are expected to be muted or transmitted over reduced bandwidth.
  • the HD-FDD UE may also perform switching from uplink to downlink earlier when the RS availability is determined in a certain subset of downlink resources R1 , e.g., because the RSs may become not available or insufficiently available later, than if the switching would occur without the RS availability in these downlink resources.
  • the switching may also follow the RS availability pattern or a subset of the resources comprised in the pattern.
  • the switching in either direction may be performed prior to the RSs becoming available, in order not to lose the RSs due to switching. There may be a switching time during which the UE is not able to transmit or receive.
  • the HD-FDD UE may also refrain from switching or postpone switching from downlink to uplink or extend the time for the downlink radio operation if more time is needed to complete the downlink operation, e.g., due to non-available or insufficiently/partially available RSs on a subset of downlink resources or over one or more parts of the bandwidth. This is especially beneficial if the downlink operation is needed for performing the uplink operation. For example, the UE may need to acquire timing based on downlink signals in order to determine its uplink transmit timing.
  • the HD-FDD UE determines whether the RS is muted or transmitted over reduced bandwidth (e.g., BW2) by any one or more of the following means: predefined rule(s) or Random Access (RA) availability patterns, autonomous determination, by receiving information from a network node or from another wireless device, history or past statistics, etc.
  • reduced bandwidth e.g., BW2
  • a network node determines time resources (e.g., subframes) during which a HD-FDD UE served by a first cell (celM ) is expected to switch from uplink to downlink for performing one or more downlink operations (e.g. , time and/or frequency synchronization to celM , measurement on celM , etc.), which require the HD-FDD UE to use the downlink RS transmitted in celM .
  • time resources e.g., subframes
  • celM time and/or frequency synchronization to celM , measurement on celM , etc.
  • the network node transmits RS over full bandwidth of cell 1 (i.e., over BW1 ), while in other time resources when the HD-FDD UE is expected to operate in uplink mode the network node transmits the downlink RS over reduced bandwidth (i.e., over BW2), where BW2 ⁇ BW1.
  • BW2 the downlink RS is transmitted over the central six RBs of celM .
  • a network node which is serving a HD-FDD UE in a first cell determines the uplink/downlink switching pattern of the HD-FDD UE and uses it to adapt the downlink RS transmission pattern in celM , i.e. downlink RS bandwidth in different time resources.
  • the downlink RS is transmitted in celM over reduced bandwidth (i.e., BW2) during time resources when the HD-FDD UE operates in uplink.
  • the downlink RS is transmitted in celM over full bandwidth (i.e., BW1 ) in all downlink resources (e.g., subframes) or at least N downlink subframes, where N may be above a threshold, during this downlink operation.
  • the reduced bandwidth (BW2) is less than the full bandwidth (BW1 ).
  • the network node further aligns the uplink/downlink patterns of two or more HD-FDD UEs in the cell and uses the aligned uplink/downlink pattern for adapting the downlink RS transmission pattern in celM and for also adapting the scheduling of signals in uplink and/or downlink to the UE.
  • BW1 here is described as full cell or system bandwidth but it may also be any bandwidth larger than BW2.
  • BW2 is generally a non-negative number of RBs, e.g., six center RBs, 6 + X RBs (X may be predefined or configurable or may depend on other parameters or UE hardware or software capability), 0 RBs, etc.
  • the said adaptation is made based on the determined information on duplex modes of the UEs in the cell.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure help reduce the unwanted interference in neighbor cells.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure maximize the usage/value of the downlink RSs by not transmitting them when the UE is unable to receive them.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure enhance system capacity.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure reduce the overall power consumption in the base station.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a wireless communication system 10 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
  • the wireless communication system 10 is a cellular communications network and, in particular, is a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE or New Radio (NR) cellular communications network that supports, e.g., HD-FDD UEs.
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • NR New Radio
  • the wireless communication system 10 includes a number of wireless devices 12 (i.e., wireless communication devices 12 or UEs 12).
  • the wireless communication system 10 includes a Radio Access Network (RAN) that includes a number of radio access nodes 14 (e.g., eNBs or NR base stations (gNBs)) serving corresponding coverage areas or cells 16.
  • the radio access nodes 14 are also referred to herein as radio network nodes.
  • the radio access nodes 14 are connected to a core network 18, which includes a number of core network nodes (not shown), as will be appreciated by one of skill in the art.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart that illustrates the operation of a network node (e.g., a radio access node 14 such as, e.g., an eNB or gNB) serving a wireless device 12 (also referred to as a UE 12) operating in HD-FDD mode according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a network node e.g., a radio access node 14 such as, e.g., an eNB or gNB
  • the wireless device 12 is performing radio operation on celH (which can be a serving cell or a neighbor cell).
  • celH which can be a serving cell or a neighbor cell.
  • the network node performs the following steps:
  • Step 100 (Optional): Determine that a RF bandwidth of the UE 12 is smaller than a bandwidth (BW1 ) of a first cell (celM ).
  • Step 102 Obtain information on the duplex mode of the UE 12 (e.g., whether the UE 12 is a HD-FDD UE, a FD-FDD UE, a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) UE) and the uplink/downlink pattern if the UE 12 is a HD-FDD UE.
  • information on the duplex mode of the UE 12 e.g., whether the UE 12 is a HD-FDD UE, a FD-FDD UE, a Time Division Duplexing (TDD) UE
  • TDD Time Division Duplexing
  • Step 104 Obtain information on whether a RS transmitted in celM that is used by the UE 12 for performing a radio measurement is muted or expected to be muted, or reduced, and the muting/availability pattern (indicative of a subset of time and/or frequency resources, e.g., subframes or RBs, when the RSs are transmitted).
  • a RS is muted by transmitting the RS on a reduced bandwidth (e.g., BW2) that is less than a full RF, or system, bandwidth (e.g., BW1 ) of the respective cell or by not transmitting the RS at all.
  • the RS When the RS is muted such that the RS is transmitted on the reduced bandwidth (e.g., BW2), this is also referred to herein as the RS being "reduced".
  • a muting pattern defines when (i.e., in time) and where (i.e., in frequency) the RS will not be transmitted.
  • an availability pattern defines when (i.e., in time) and where (i.e., in frequency) the RS will be transmitted,
  • the RS is "muted" if the RS is transmitted over a second
  • bandwidth (BW2), where 0 ⁇ BW2 ⁇ BW1 , where BW2 may be, e.g., a subset of contiguous RBs or a subset of RBs which are non-contiguous such as bandwidth parts,
  • BW2 may be used in one part of a subframe (e.g., data region which normally comprises CRS symbols in normal subframes) while BW1 may be used in the other part of the subframe (e.g., control region which is typically 2-4 first symbols of a subframe).
  • BW2 is used in a whole subframe comprising the control and data region.
  • Step 106 Based on the determined and obtained information in the previous steps, the network node performs at least one of the following actions:
  • a RS transmission pattern of a downlink RS is adapted based on the uplink/downlink switching pattern of the HD-FDD UE 12 such that the downlink RS is not transmitted in time-frequency resources (e.g., only transmitted in BW2) when the downlink RS is not needed by the HD-FDD UE 12, e.g., because the HD-FDD UE 12 is in uplink mode.
  • o Adapting the uplink/downlink switching pattern of the HD-FDD UE 12 to ensure that the HD-FDD UE 12 is configured for downlink when the necessary RS bandwidth is available for the radio operation. o Jointly adapting one or more of the above to maximize the amount of saved resources (e.g., subframes, RBs, or RS symbols) due to changing RS BW1 to BW2.
  • saved resources e.g., subframes, RBs, or RS symbols
  • the network node may also signal information related to the adaptation or alignment to other network nodes (e.g., positioning node, SON, O&M, etc.) or UEs 12.
  • network nodes e.g., positioning node, SON, O&M, etc.
  • UEs 12 e.g., UEs 12.
  • Step 100 the network node determines the relation between the UE RF bandwidth (i.e., the bandwidth of the UE 12) and a first cell (celM ) RF bandwidth (i.e., the RF bandwidth of the first cell).
  • RF bandwidth and bandwidth are used interchangeably herein.
  • the term bandwidth i.e., UE bandwidth and cell bandwidth
  • Specific examples of celM are the serving cell of the UE 12, a neighbor cell of the UE 12, a reference cell, etc. Examples of serving cells are a PCell, a PSCell, a SCell, etc.
  • the UE bandwidth is generally known to the serving network node since the UE 12 is scheduled in this certain part of the cell bandwidth.
  • the network node certainly knows about its cell bandwidth since it is transmitted in a broadcast channel, e.g. in Physical Broadcasting Channel (PBCH) or Narrowband PBCH (NPBCH).
  • PBCH Physical Broadcasting Channel
  • NNBCH Narrowband PBCH
  • Figure 3 shows that the UE bandwidth is different from the center frequency of the serving cell bandwidth. This means that the UE 12 will need to re-tune to the center frequency (i.e., the central six Physical RBs (PRBs)) in order to measure on the synchronization signals (Primary
  • the Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurement can be performed anywhere in the UE bandwidth as in scenario 1.
  • Step 102 the network node obtains information related to the duplex mode of the UE 12 (i.e., whether it is a HD-FDD type of UE) and, if so, the uplink/downlink switching pattern of the UE 12.
  • An indication of whether the UE 12 supports HD-FDD only or supports both full-duplex and HD-FDD is signaled from the UE 12 as UE capability signaling.
  • the HD-FDD UE 12 cannot be in both downlink and uplink at the same time. This means an uplink/downlink switching pattern is used in the network and the UE 12 according to which the UE 12 is scheduled by the network node. Typically, the switching between uplink and downlink takes 1 millisecond (ms), which means that the subframe in which such switching occurs cannot be used for scheduling or measurement.
  • ms millisecond
  • Step 104 the network node obtains information on whether a RS transmitted in celM and used by the UE 12 for performing a radio operation (e.g., time tracking or synchronization, frequency tracking, or synchronization, measurement, etc.) is:
  • BW2 second bandwidth
  • BW1 is the full cell or system bandwidth. Alternatively, BW1 may also be any bandwidth larger than BW2.
  • BW2 is generally a non-negative number of RBs, e.g., six center RBs, 6 + X RBs (X may be predefined or configurable or may depend on other parameters or UE hardware or software capability), 0 RBs, etc.
  • Information on whether muting of RS is or expected to be employed in a cell is generally known to the network since the muting is executed by the network node. However, the network may also receive information from other nodes indicating whether muting is applied or not in celH . Examples of other nodes in the network are a neighboring network node, a core network node, third-party nodes, or other wireless devices in its vicinity and apply the muting accordingly.
  • the obtained information may also reveal information on whether the RS muting is employed in the time domain, the frequency domain, or in both.
  • Muting in the frequency domain means that the RS can be transmitted in only a subset of PRBs of celM 's bandwidth, e.g. the RS is transmitted in the central six PRBs of the celH bandwidth while the RS is not transmitted over the remaining PRBs of the celH bandwidth.
  • the RS transmission bandwidth can vary with time.
  • time domain muting means that the RS can be muted completely or partly over time.
  • the muting of the RS is applied or is expected to be applied only in a first set of time resources (R1 ) of celM while no RS muting is applied in a second set of time resources (R2) of celM .
  • the set of R1 may either consist of a consecutive set of time resources or a non- consecutive set of time resources.
  • the set of R2 may either consist of a consecutive set of time resources or a non-consecutive set of time resources. Examples of a time resource are a radio frame, a subframe, a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), a slot, a mini-slot, a symbol, etc.
  • TTI Transmission Time Interval
  • the time resources R1 and R2 are non-overlapping.
  • muting of the RS is applied or expected to be applied in all subframes of a radio frame of celM over one or a set of radio frames which can be consecutive or non-consecutive.
  • the muting of the RS is applied or expected to be applied in a subset of subframes within any set of the radio frames of celM ; for example, the RS muting is applied only in subframes 0 and 5 or is applied in subframes 0, 4, 5, and 9.
  • Step 106 the network carries out at least one of the following procedures based on the obtained information in the previous steps: • Adapting RS transmission pattern based on the uplink/downlink switching pattern of the HD-FDD UE so that the RSs are not transmitted when not needed for the UE radio operation;
  • the network node uses the obtained information on the uplink/downlink switching pattern of the HD-FDD UE to adapt the RS transmission pattern. This is exemplified in an example in Figure 4.
  • the UE 12 is switched to uplink mode in three consecutive subframes, and then switches back to downlink after one switching subframe. During the uplink subframes, this UE 12 may not be able to receive any downlink subframes, i.e. no matter if the network is transmitting, any downlink
  • the adaptation is such that the network node avoids transmitting the RS over the full bandwidth.
  • the RSs are muted during time periods during which the HD-FDD UE 12 is in uplink mode.
  • the HD-FDD UE 12 is operating in enhanced coverage and can be configured with large number of repetitions (up to 512, 1012, 2048) in both uplink and downlink. During the repeated uplink
  • the UE 12 may be engaged in transmitting the same message up to 2048 times, and during this time the UE 12 may not be able to receive anything in the downlink.
  • This embodiment allows the network to adapt RS transmission pattern (i.e., the muting pattern) to follow the HD-FDD
  • the RS is always transmitted in a certain part of the cell bandwidth which is denoted as BW2 (e.g., the center six PRBs), while the RS is transmitted also over the remaining part (i.e., full cell bandwidth denoted as BW1 ) in downlink otherwise, see Figure 5.
  • Figure 5 shows the RS transmission following the HD-FDD uplink/downlink switching pattern, i.e. RS transmission over BW1 when the UE 12 is in downlink mode and RS transmission over BW2 when the UE 12 is in uplink mode, which may also include the switching subframe(s) since the UE 12 is unable to receive anything in that subframe.
  • Adapting the RS transmissions here concerns the RS transmissions over the full bandwidth (or the UE bandwidth), and over a small portion of the cell bandwidth (e.g., center frequency).
  • the reason RS is transmitted over BW2 although the UE 12 is in uplink mode is to enable neighbor cell measurements of UEs in other cells.
  • the UE neighbor cell measurements are typically done over reduced cell bandwidth, e.g. over the central six RBs of the cell.
  • This embodiment also comprises a method in the network node to group and align the uplink/downlink scheduling pattern of at least two or more HD-FDD UEs 12 in a cell.
  • the alignment in this context means adapting/reconfiguring the uplink/downlink scheduling pattern of the HD-FDD UEs 12 such that the downlink and uplink time resources of the multiple HD-FDD UEs 12 are overlapping or partly overlapping to better increase the benefit of RS muting.
  • the main advantage of this alignment is that it maximizes the time during which the RS can be transmitted over a reduced bandwidth (i.e., when the UE 12 is in downlink mode and thereby also reduces the unwanted interference in the neighbor cells). This also reduces power consumption in the base station.
  • This mechanism also means that more UEs can benefit from the downlink RS transmissions when they are transmitted by the network node over full bandwidth when all or more HD-FDD UEs are in downlink mode.
  • the network node can in this way reduce the time of transmitting RS over the larger bandwidth. This means with better alignment of the uplink/downlink pattern of HD-FDD UEs and with a larger number of HD-FDD UEs involved in the alignment, the performance can be enhanced since overall interference is reduced.
  • the alignment can be done in different levels, and it is done in the time domain. For example, it can be done in symbol-slot, mini-slot, TTI, or radio frame level.
  • the network node may determine whether the UE 12 needs gaps or is expected to create autonomous gaps and adapt the RS transmission scheme accordingly. These gaps are also known as uplink transmission gaps.
  • the wireless device operating in enhanced coverage can be configured with a large number of repetitions, e.g. up to 2048. If this is in uplink, this means the same message is repeated, transmitted 2048 times, and this UE 12 is expected to be in uplink mode for at least 2048 ms. During this time, the time and frequency synchronization can drift, meaning that the UE 12 can lose the synchronization to the serving network node. This allows the UE 12 to create uplink transmission gaps to switch/re-tune to downlink mode in order to perform synchronization measurement over RS in celM .
  • the network node will go from transmitting the RS over the reduced bandwidth to full bandwidth to enable the UE 12 to measure on the downlink signals to re-gain the synchronization during the gaps. This will reduce the unnecessary downlink RS transmission over the full bandwidth and only transmitting it when the UE is expected to measure on them in downlink.
  • the network node can determine when the UE 12 is going to create uplink transmission gaps or when the UE 12 is expected to be in downlink to do synchronization after being in uplink mode for long time.
  • the length and the position of the transmission gap is specified in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 36.21 1 , Version 14.3.0, Section 5.3.4 and can be calculated accordingly.
  • the length of the gaps depends on the duration of the continuous uplink transmissions as well as the UE bandwidth.
  • the starting position of the uplink transmission gap is specified as follows in 3GPP TS 36.21 1 for category M1/M2 UEs:
  • BUCE UL subframes within the gap of 40 - 307207 time units shall be counted for the PUSCH resource mapping but not used for transmission of the PUSCH [TS 36.211]
  • BUCE UEs for PUSCH transmission associated with Temporary C-RNTI, for frame structure type 1, after a transmission duration of 256- 307207; time units (which may include non-BUCE UL subframes), a gap of 40 ⁇ 307207; time units shall be inserted, as specified in TS 36.331 [9].
  • BUCE UL subframes within the gap of 40 - 307207 time units shall be counted for the PUSCH resource mapping but not used for transmission of the PUSCH [TS 36.211]
  • BUCE UEs for PUSCH transmission associated with Temporary C-
  • RNTI for frame structure type 1, and if PRACH CE level 2 or 3 is used for the last PRACH attempt, after a transmission duration of 256- 307207; time units (which may include non-BUCE UL subframes), a gap of 40 ⁇ 307207 time units shall be inserted.
  • uplink gaps are also specified for category NB1 UEs in 3GPP
  • mapping of z -i> is then repeated until
  • NPRACH transmission can start only ⁇ ⁇ - 30 " 2( ⁇ 1 time units after the start of a radio frame fulfilling ?3 ⁇ 4 «; Ai 3 ⁇ 4 ;:3 ⁇ 4 : 5(; o .
  • a gap of 40 - 307207; time units shall be inserted.
  • the network node finds out about the starting position of the uplink transmission gaps and their length, and it can then use this information to adapt the RS transmission pattern.
  • the RSs have to be available over BW1 during uplink transmission gaps to achieve better measurement performance. For example, in deep enhanced coverage, the UE 12 may have to measure over larger bandwidth and measuring only over the center six PRBs may not be sufficient to suppress the bias and variance.
  • Another example of the embodiment comprises the scenario where there are mixes of UEs (both FD-FDD and HD-FDD type of UEs) in a cell and the network node adapts the RS transmission based on the DRX pattern of the HD- FDD UEs.
  • RS transmission are muted (i.e., transmitted over reduced bandwidth) when the FD-FDD UEs are in DRX OFF mode, but there could be HD-FDD UEs which are in DRX ON mode at the same time.
  • the network node needs to provide RS transmissions over the full bandwidth (i.e., BW1 ) to allow the HD-FDD UEs to measure and receive on downlink signals since the DRX cycles of different UEs within the same cell may not always be aligned. This is shown in Figure 6.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart that illustrates the operation of a wireless device 12 (also referred to as a UE 12) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Optional steps are indicated by dashed lines. As illustrated, the wireless device 12 performs the following steps:
  • Step 200 (Optional): Determine that the UE RF bandwidth is smaller than a bandwidth (BW1 ) of a first cell (celM ).
  • Step 202 Obtain information on the duplex mode of the UE 12 (e.g., whether it is a HD-FDD UE, a FD-FDD UE, a TDD UE) and the
  • uplink/downlink pattern if it is a HD-FDD UE.
  • Step 204 Obtain information on whether a RS transmitted in celM which is used by the UE 12 for performing a radio measurement is muted, expected to be muted, or reduced, and the muting pattern.
  • the RS is muted if the RS is transmitted over a second bandwidth (BW2), where BW2 ⁇ BW1.
  • Step 206 Based on the determined and obtained information in previous steps, the UE 12 performs at least one of the following actions if it is determined that downlink RSs are going to be transmitted over reduced bandwidth:
  • o Refraining downlink operation e.g., downlink RS measurement
  • Postponing downlink operation e.g., downlink RS measurement.
  • Step 208 (Optional): The UE 12 signals the result of the performed downlink operation (e.g., measurement report).
  • Step 200 the UE 12 is determining the relation between its UE RF bandwidth and a first cell (aka celM ) RF bandwidth.
  • the terms RF bandwidth and bandwidth are interchangeably used.
  • Specific examples of celM are the serving cell, the neighbor cell, the reference cell, etc.
  • Examples of serving cells are PCell, PSCell, SCell, etc.
  • the UE RF bandwidth herein means the maximum UE bandwidth supported by the UE 12 or the UE bandwidth configured by the network node. In the former case, the UE bandwidth is known to the UE 12 since this is related to the UE RF architecture. In the latter case, the UE 12 determines its RF bandwidth based on the bandwidth configuration information received from the network node.
  • the UE 12 determines the celM bandwidth by receiving information from the network node.
  • the cell bandwidth is transmitted in a broadcast channel. For example, by reading the broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH or NPBCH) of a cell, the UE 12 can determine the bandwidth of that cell.
  • the broadcast channel e.g., PBCH or NPBCH
  • UE bandwidth celM bandwidth.
  • Figure 3 shows that the UE RF bandwidth is different from the center frequency of the serving cell bandwidth. This means that the UE will need to re-tune to the center frequency (i.e., the central six PRBs) in order to measure on the synchronization signals (PSS/SSS) and to receive broadcast channels like PBCH to obtain MIB.
  • the RRM measurement can be performed anywhere in the UE RF bandwidth, i.e. scenario 1 is valid.
  • Step 202 the UE 12 is determining its duplex mode, i.e. whether it is a HD-FDD type of UE.
  • HD-FDD can be a capability in the UE 12 in which case the UE 12 obtains this information from, e.g., the operation
  • the UE category also defines the duplex mode of the UE 12. For example, category NB1 and NB2 UEs are always operating in a HD-FDD fashion. Similarly, certain types of category M1 and M2 UEs have the capability to operate in HD-FDD fashion.
  • the UE 12 may also find out the duplex mode from directly or indirectly signaling from the network node (e.g., serving eNB). The UE 12 may also find out the duplex mode based on the frequency band with which the UE 12 is currently served by the network node.
  • the network node e.g., serving eNB
  • the UE 12 supports HD-FDD operation on certain bands, e.g., HD-FDD on band 8 (900 MHz) while Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) on band 1 (2100 MHz). If it is a HD-FDD UE, the UE 12 cannot be in both downlink and uplink simultaneously and it is scheduled following a certain pattern. This pattern is typically signaled to the UE 12. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that the duplex mode is known to the UE 12.
  • Step 204 the UE 12 obtains information related to whether the RSs transmitted in celM , which is used by the UE 12 for performing a radio measurement, is muted or expected to be muted, and if so the UE 12 also obtains the muting pattern.
  • the muting herein means that the RS is transmitted over a reduced bandwidth (e.g., BW2) (or not transmitted at all) in celM instead over the full channel bandwidth (BW1 ) in celM as explained above.
  • Step 206 the UE 12 obtains information related to whether the RSs transmitted in celM are expected to be available during the time the UE 12 switches to downlink mode to perform downlink operation (e.g., measurement, time and/or frequency synchronization) on celM using RS. If determined information shows that RSs are expected to be muted during that time, the UE 12 may perform at least one of the following:
  • Refraining downlink operation e.g., downlink RS measurement
  • Postponing downlink operation e.g., downlink RS measurement
  • the UE 12 operating in enhanced coverage can be configured with a large number of repetitions, e.g. up to 2048. If this is in uplink, this means the same message is repeated, transmitted 2048 times, and this UE 12 is expected to be in uplink mode for at least 2048 ms or 2048 subframes. During this time, the time and frequency synchronization can drift, meaning that the UE 12 can lose the synchronization to the serving network node and/or the network cannot decode the uplink channel due to the frequency error. This allows the UE 12 to create uplink transmission gaps to switch/re-tune to downlink mode in order to perform some synchronization measurement in some predefined positions and lengths as described above.
  • the UE 12 may choose to refrain or postpone the downlink operation if the obtained information on the RS transmission pattern shows that they are going to be muted or only transmitted over reduced bandwidth.
  • Refraining the downlink operation means that the UE 12 is not going to create any uplink transmission gaps to switch to downlink mode to perform downlink measurement.
  • Postponing the downlink operation means that the UE 12 is going to switch to downlink mode at later time instance when the downlink RS signals are expected to be transmitted over the full bandwidth. This will help the UE 12 to save time resources which will otherwise become useless as they cannot be used in downlink or uplink.
  • Postponing or refraining the intended downlink operation may result in some delay (e.g., measurement reporting delay in the UE 12).
  • the UE 12 may also extend the time for the downlink radio operation if more time is needed to complete the downlink operation, e.g., due to non-available or
  • the UE 12 may need to acquire timing based on downlink signals in order to determine its uplink transmit timing.
  • the UE 12 may also perform the switching from uplink to downlink earlier when the RS availability is determined in a certain subset of downlink resources R1 , e.g., because the RSs may become not available or insufficiently available later, than if the switching would occur without the RS availability in these downlink resources.
  • the switching may also follow the RS availability pattern or a subset of the resources comprised in the pattern.
  • the UE 12 may also perform the switching in either direction prior to the RS becoming available, in order not to lose the RS due to switching because there may be a switching time during which the UE 12 is not able to transmit or receive.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of the wireless device 12, or UE 12, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless device 12 includes circuitry 20 comprising one or more processors 22 (e.g., Central Processing Units (CPUs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and/or the like) and memory 24.
  • the wireless device 12 also includes one or more transceivers 26 each including one or more transmitters 28 and one or more receivers 30 coupled to one or more antennas 32.
  • processors 22 e.g., Central Processing Units (CPUs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and/or the like
  • the wireless device 12 also includes one or more transceivers 26 each including one or more transmitters 28 and one or more receivers 30 coupled to one or more antennas 32.
  • transceivers 26 each including one or more
  • the functionality of the wireless device 12 described herein may be implemented in hardware (e.g., via hardware within the circuitry 20 and/or within the processor(s) 22) or be implemented in a combination of hardware and software (e.g., fully or partially implemented in software that is, e.g., stored in the memory 24 and executed by the processor(s) 22).
  • a computer program including instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor 22, causes the at least one processor 22 to carry out at least some of the functionality of the wireless communication device 12 according to any of the embodiments described herein is provided.
  • a carrier containing the aforementioned computer program product is provided.
  • the carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as memory).
  • Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of the wireless device 12, or UE, according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless device 12 includes one or more modules 34, each of which is implemented in software.
  • the module(s) 34 provide the functionality of the wireless
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of a network node 36 (e.g., a radio access node 14 such as, for example, an eNB or gNB or a core network node) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the network node 36 includes a control system 38 that includes circuitry comprising one or more processors 40 (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, DSPs, FPGAs, and/or the like) and memory 42.
  • the control system 38 also includes a network interface 44.
  • the network node 36 is a radio access node 14
  • the network node 36 also includes one or more radio units 46 that each include one or more transmitters 48 and one or more receivers 50 coupled to one or more antennas 52.
  • the functionality of the network node 36 described above may be fully or partially implemented in software that is, e.g., stored in the memory 42 and executed by the processor(s) 40.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram that illustrates a virtualized embodiment of the network node 36 (e.g., the radio access node 14 or a core network node) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a "virtualized" network node 36 is a network node 36 in which at least a portion of the functionality of the network node 36 is implemented as a virtual component (e.g., via a virtual machine(s) executing on a physical processing node(s) in a network(s)).
  • the network node 36 optionally includes the control system 38, as described with respect to Figure 10.
  • the network node 36 is the radio access node 14
  • the network node 36 also includes the one or more radio units 46, as described with respect to Figure 10.
  • the control system 38 (if present) is connected to one or more processing nodes 54 coupled to or included as part of a network(s) 56 via the network interface 44.
  • the one or more radio units 46 (if present) are connected to the one or more processing nodes 54 via a network interface(s).
  • all of the functionality of the network node 36 described herein may be implemented in the processing nodes 54.
  • Each processing node 54 includes one or more
  • processors 58 e.g., CPUs, ASICs, DSPs, FPGAs, and/or the like
  • memory 60 e
  • functions 64 of the network node 36 are implemented at the one or more processing nodes 54 or distributed across the control system 38 (if present) and the one or more processing nodes 54 in any desired manner.
  • some or all of the functions 64 of the network node 36 described herein are implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in a virtual environment(s) hosted by the processing node(s) 54.
  • processing node(s) 54 As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, additional signaling or communication between the processing node(s) 54 and the control system 38 (if present) or alternatively the radio unit(s) 46 (if present) is used in order to carry out at least some of the desired functions. Notably, in some embodiments, the control system 38 may not be included, in which case the radio unit(s) 46 (if present) communicates directly with the processing node(s) 54 via an
  • higher layer functionality e.g., layer 3 and up and possibly some of layer 2 of the protocol stack
  • the network node 36 may be implemented at the processing node(s) 54 as virtual components (i.e., implemented "in the cloud")
  • lower layer functionality e.g., layer 1 and possibly some of layer 2 of the protocol stack
  • a computer program including instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor 40, 58, causes the at least one processor 40, 58 to carry out the functionality of the network node 36 or a processing node 54 according to any of the embodiments described herein is provided.
  • a carrier containing the aforementioned computer program product is provided.
  • the carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as the memory 42, 60).
  • FIG 12 is a schematic block diagram of the network node 36 according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the network node 36 includes one or more modules 66, each of which is implemented in software.
  • the module(s) 66 provide the functionality of the network node 36 described herein (e.g., the functionality of a corresponding one of the network nodes described in relation to, e.g., Figure 2).
  • Embodiment 1 A method of operation of a network node in a wireless system, comprising: obtaining (102) first information on (a) whether a duplex mode of a wireless device (12) is HD-FDD and (b) an uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device (12) if the duplex mode of the wireless device (12) is HD- FDD; obtaining (104) second information on (a) whether a reference signal that is transmitted in a cell (16) and used by the wireless device (12) for performing a radio measurement is muted, expected to be muted, or reduced and (b) a muting or availability pattern for the reference signal if the reference signal that is transmitted in the cell (16) and used by the wireless device (12) for performing a radio measurement is muted, expected to be muted, or reduced; and performing (106) one or more actions based on the first information and the second information.
  • Embodiment 2 The method of embodiment 1 wherein: the duplex mode of the wireless device (12) is HD-FDD; and the reference signal is muted, expected to be muted, or reduced.
  • Embodiment s The method of embodiment 2 wherein the one or more actions comprise adapting a transmission pattern for the reference signal based on the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device (12) such that the reference signal is not transmitted when not needed for the radio measurement by the wireless device (12).
  • Embodiment 4 The method of embodiment 2 or 3 wherein the one or more actions comprise aligning the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device (12) with uplink/downlink patterns of one or more additional HD-FDD wireless devices and adapting scheduling of the wireless device (12) and the one or more additional wireless devices accordingly.
  • Embodiment 5 The method of any one of embodiments 2 to 4 wherein the one or more actions comprise adapting the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device (12) such that the wireless device (12) is configured for downlink when the reference signal is available on a portion of a downlink bandwidth of the cell (16) that is accessible to the wireless device (12).
  • Embodiment 6 The method of any one of embodiments 2 to 5 wherein the one or more actions comprise jointly adapting one or more of the reference signal transmission pattern, the uplink/downlink patterns of the wireless device (12) and one or more additional wireless device (12) operating in HD- FDD, and/or the uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device (12) to increase (e.g., maximize) an amount of saved resources due to a reduction in a bandwidth of the reference signal.
  • Embodiment 7 The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 6 further comprising determining (100) that a RF bandwidth of the wireless device (12) is less than a RF bandwidth of the cell (16).
  • Embodiment 8 The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 7 further comprising signaling information related to the one or more actions to one or more other network nodes and/or one or more other wireless devices.
  • Embodiment 9 A network node for a wireless system, the network node adapted to perform the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 8.
  • Embodiment 10 A network node for a wireless system, comprising: at least one processor (40, 58); and memory (42, 60) comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor (40, 58) whereby the network node is operable to perform the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 8.
  • Embodiment 1 1 A network node for a wireless system, comprising one or more modules (66) operable to perform the method of any one of embodiments 1 to 8.
  • Embodiment 12 A method of operation of a wireless device (12) in a wireless system, comprising: obtaining (202) first information on (a) whether a duplex mode of the wireless device (12) is HD-FDD and (b) an uplink/downlink pattern of the wireless device (12) if the duplex mode of the wireless device (12) is HD-FDD; obtaining (204) second information on (a) whether a reference signal that is transmitted in a cell (16) and used by the wireless device (12) for performing a radio measurement is muted, expected to be muted, or reduced and (b) a muting or availability pattern for the reference signal if the reference signal that is transmitted in the cell (16) and used by the wireless device (12) for performing a radio measurement is muted, expected to be muted, or reduced; and performing (206) one or more actions based on the first information and the second information.
  • Embodiment 13 The method of embodiment 12 wherein: the duplex mode of the wireless device (12) is HD-FDD; and the reference signal is muted, expected to be muted, or reduced.
  • Embodiment 14 The method of embodiment 13 wherein the one or more actions comprise refraining a downlink operation (e.g., downlink reference signal measurement) if, based on the first and second information, it is
  • Embodiment 15 The method of embodiment 13 wherein the one or more actions comprise postponing a downlink operation (e.g., downlink reference signal measurement) if, based on the first and second information, it is
  • Embodiment 16 The method of any one of embodiments 12 to 15 further comprising determining (200) that a RF bandwidth of the wireless device (12) is less than a RF bandwidth of the cell (16).
  • Embodiment 17 The method of any one of embodiments 12 to 16 further comprising signaling (208) information related to the one or more actions to one or more network nodes and/or one or more other wireless devices.
  • Embodiment 18 A wireless device (12) for a wireless system, the wireless device (12) adapted to perform the method of any one of embodiments 12 to 17.
  • Embodiment 19 A wireless device (12) for a wireless system, comprising: one or more transceivers (26); and circuitry (20) associated with the one or more transceivers (26) whereby the wireless device (12) is operable to perform the method of any one of embodiments 12 to 17.
  • Embodiment 20 A wireless device (12) for a wireless system, comprising: one or more modules (34) operable to perform the method of any one of embodiments 12 to 17.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes et des procédés se rapportant au duplexage par répartition en fréquence en semi-duplex (HD-FDD) dans un système sans fil dans lequel des signaux de référence (RS) peuvent être amoindris. Dans certains modes de réalisation, un procédé de fonctionnement d'un nœud de réseau dans un système sans fil consiste à : obtenir des premières informations contenant des informations indiquant qu'un mode duplex d'un dispositif sans fil est de type HD-FDD et des informations indiquant un modèle de liaison montante/descendante du dispositif sans fil; obtenir des secondes informations contenant des informations indiquant qu'un RS qui est émis dans une cellule est amoindri ou censé être amoindri et des informations indiquant un modèle de diminution ou de disponibilité relatif au RS; et effectuer une ou plusieurs actions sur la base des premières et secondes informations.
PCT/SE2018/050815 2017-08-11 2018-08-10 Adaptation du fonctionnement en semi-duplex dans des transmissions de signaux de référence (rs) réduits ou amoindris WO2019032038A1 (fr)

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