WO2019015362A1

WO2019015362A1 - Shallow seam water conservation mining method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2019015362A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/082859
Authority: WO
Inventors: 马立强; 张东升; 王烁康
Original assignee: 中国矿业大学; 江苏新月矿山技术开发有限公司; 陕西煤业化工技术研究院有限责任公司
Priority date: 2017-07-21
Filing date: 2018-04-12
Publication date: 2019-01-24
Also published as: CN107542465A; JP2019531428A; CN107542465B

Abstract

Disclosed are a shallow seam water conservation mining method and an application thereof. According to the method, in a working face, a plurality of pre-bored tunnels is vertically or obliquely demarcated from a main transport tunnel (1), tunnel boring is conducted at multiple sites at the same time, and the bored tunnels are filled in time. By controlling a tunnel boring width, a tunnel spacing width, a tunnel boring speed, a filling speed, and a spacing filling time, the fracture development of mining overburden rock and the subsidence amount of tunnel roofs are effectively controlled. By means of the method, continuous, stable, and efficient coal production of the working face is guaranteed, sufficient time and effective space are provided for filling of the working face so as to allow a filling body to solidify and to meet requirements for bearing strength, evolution of the permeability of a water-resisting layer on a water flowing fracture zone of a shallow seam is controlled effectively, water conservation mining of an occurrence area of the shallow seam is achieved, selection and application conditions of the water conservation mining method are widened, and meanwhile safe, efficient, and high-recovery-rate mining of coal resources is achieved.

Description

Shallow buried coal seam water retention mining method and application thereof

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a shallow coal seam water retention mining method and application thereof.

Background technique

The northwestern region is the main producing area of China's coal, but it is located in arid-semi-arid continental climate zone, with poor water resources, low vegetation coverage and fragile ecological environment. Practice has shown that in the traditional way of coal mining, the development of mining fissures will inevitably lead to the loss of large-scale water and soil resources in the mining area, bringing a series of environmental geological effects of the mine, further aggravating the degradation of the original fragile ecological environment. Therefore, in the coal mining, we must pay attention to the protection of the environment, especially the protection of water resources.

The concept of water conservation mining was formed at the end of the last century. After years of research, water conservation and mining has achieved certain results, and a water retention mining technology system aiming at protecting ecological water level has been initially formed. However, in the shallow coal seam occurrence area where the separation ratio (the ratio of the total thickness of the water-bearing rock group to the mining height) is small, especially in the area where the separation ratio is less than 18-35, the traditional long-wall coal mining is still inevitable. As a result of the loss of superficial water resources, the reduction of mining height or the use of partial filling mining and other water conservation methods will bring problems such as waste of coal resources. In view of the shortcomings of traditional longwall mining methods and the limitations of some water retention methods, the selection of short wall filling mining is one of the effective ways to achieve water retention in shallow coal seams. At present, the research results of water retention mining mostly use the development of water-conducting fracture zone as the criterion for the instability of the aquifer. However, the change of permeability of the water-bearing rock layer above the water-conducting fracture zone caused by mining is also caused by the loss of ecological water level. Key factor. The filling and water-retaining method can effectively control the evolution of the permeability of the water-blocking rock layer above the water-conducting fracture zone, so as to realize the water-retaining mining of the shallow coal seam occurrence area.

However, the existing filling mining technology mainly has problems such as difficulty in coordinating coal mining and filling, complicated filling system, large filling space and long filling time. In order to improve the limitations of filling mining and make it more suitable for water retention mining in shallow coal seam occurrence areas, a shallow coal seam water retention mining method and its application are proposed. This is a precision filling mining method that controls the mining parameters (digging roadway width, roadway spacing width, roadway excavation rate, filling speed and interval) from the perspective of controlling the permeability evolution of the water-retaining rock layer above the water-conducting fracture zone. Filling time, etc.) to achieve water retention mining in the shallow coal seam occurrence area, broadening the method selection and applicable conditions of water retention mining. At the same time, the method simplifies the coal mining production system, improves the coal mining efficiency and the production rate, realizes the coordinated operation of coal mining and filling, and is a safe and efficient water retention mining method.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem solved: In view of the technical problems in the prior art that coal mining and filling coordination work is difficult, the filling system is complicated, the filling space is large, and the filling time is long, the present invention provides a shallow coal seam water retention mining method, which is simple and easy to implement. , coal mining efficiency and high production rate, coal mining and filling coordination operations.

Technical solution: A shallow buried coal seam water retention mining method, including the following steps:

Step 1. Arrange the main transportation lane on the side of the working surface to the edge, and arrange the auxiliary transportation lane on the other side. The working surface tends to be perpendicular to the direction of the strike through the arrangement of the open cut through the main transport lane and the auxiliary transport lane;

Step 2. Divide the working surface perpendicular to the direction of the strike into at least two sets of mining cycles, except for a set of mining cycles adjacent to the open cut, and each of the remaining sets of mining cycles leaves a pre-excavation cut along the side of the working face that tends to the edge direction. Eyeway roadway, and a protective coal pillar is left on the side of the open cut and the above-mentioned pre-excavation open-cut roadway along the working face;

Step 3. In each group of mining cycles, protect the side of the coal pillar along the working face, and divide at least eight pre-digging lanes from the main transport lane vertically or obliquely, and divide into at least two working sections, each working section is divided into at least two During the mining stage, the mining cycle, the mining stage and the pre-digging roadway near the edge of the working face are the first mining cycle, the first mining phase and the first group of pre-digging tunnels, and the remaining groups are sorted along the working surface.

Step 4. Start the excavation from the first mining cycle, and carry out the excavation at the same time in each working section. Starting from the first group of pre-digging roadways in the first mining stage of each working section, the coal is transported through the main transportation lane. After the excavation is completed, After the roadway is merged with the main transportation lane, the closed wall is opened, and then the first group of pre-digging roadway is started in the next mining stage. At the same time, the auxiliary roadway is filled in the previous mining stage through the auxiliary transportation lane. After the filling is completed, After the filling of the excavated roadway and the auxiliary transportation lane, the closed wall is closed, until the first group of mining roads, the first group of pre-digging roadway is completed, and the closed wall is opened, and then the next group of pre-digging roadway in the first mining stage Digging, filling the last set of mining roads that have been dug, filling the closed wall after filling, and then starting the next set of pre-digging roadway in the next mining stage, while filling the excavation roadway in the previous mining stage. And so on, until the last group of pre-excavation roadways in the last group of mining stages in each working section begins to dig;

Step 5. Digging into the first group of pre-excavation roadway in the last group of mining stage in the first mining cycle, and filling the roadway in the previous mining stage, while digging into the next mining cycle, pre-digging and cutting the roadway as new Open the cut, start the transition of the mining cycle, after the completion of the excavation, in the previous mining cycle, the excavation roadway and the open cut and the main transport lane meet the closed wall;

Step 6. After completing the transition between the production cycles, the next mining cycle is used as the current mining cycle. The first group of pre-drilling roadway excavation in the first mining stage of each working section is filled with the last part of each working section in the previous mining cycle. The last group of pre-excavation roadways and open-cut eyes in a group of mining stages, the closed wall is closed, and the rest repeats step four;

Step 7. Repeat

steps

5 and 6 until the last group of pre-excavation roadway in the last group of mining stages in the last group of mining cycles in the working face is filled, and finally complete the mining process.

Preferably, in the first step, the arrangement of the main transport lane and the auxiliary transport lane follows the principle of “plowing down and charging”, that is, the main transport lane is arranged at a lower level, and the auxiliary transport lane is arranged at a higher level.

Preferably, in the fourth step, each of the pre-excavation roadways in each of the mining stages is adjacent to or spaced from the previous group of excavated roadways.

Preferably, the last group of pre-excavation roadways in the last group of mining stages of each working segment in step 4 is not close to the pre-excavation opening-cut roadway of the next mining cycle.

Another technical solution of the present invention is the application of the method to water-retaining mining in a mining area with a shallow coal seam with a separation ratio of 18 to 35.

Preferably, it is mainly applied to the permeability control of the red soil aquifer.

Advantageous Effects: The present invention adopts multi-point parallel excavation operation to carry out coal mining, and after the completion of excavation, the closed wall is opened at the junction of the roadway and the main transportation lane, and the next group of roadways are dug while filling the roadway, and the excavation operation and the filling operation are carried out. Conducted independently. The roadway and the filling roadway are always supported by unexploited coal bodies or filled bodies that have been filled and meet the bearing strength requirements. By controlling the width of the roadway, the speed of roadway excavation and the ratio of filling materials, the control is effectively controlled. Dynamic overburden fissure development and roof subsidence. The method realizes synchronous operation of excavation (coal mining) and filling, ensures continuous, stable and efficient coal out of the working face, and gives sufficient time and effective space for the filling surface to solidify the filling body and meet the bearing strength requirement. Effectively control the development of overburden fissures and the roof subsidence of the roadway, and finally realize the protective exploitation of water resources (water retention) and safe, high-recovery and high-recovery mining. The method is simple, the coal mining rate is high, the control effect of the overburden fracture is good, and the utility model has wide practicability.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a main transport lane and an auxiliary transport lane of the working face according to the present invention.

2 is a schematic view showing the division of the work surface in Embodiment 1 into three production cycles.

3 is a schematic view showing the mining stage and the pre-digging roadway in the first production cycle described in Embodiment 1.

4 is a schematic view of the first group of roadway excavation operations in the first mining stage of each working section in the first production cycle described in Embodiment 1.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the first group of roadway filling operations in the first mining stage of the first group of roadway driving operations in the second mining stage of each working section in the first mining cycle described in Embodiment 1.

6 is a schematic view of the first group of roadway filling operations in the second mining stage of the first mining stage of each working section in the first mining cycle described in Embodiment 1.

7 is a schematic view showing the second group of roadway filling operations in the first mining stage of the second group of roadway driving operations in the second mining stage of each working section in the first mining cycle described in Embodiment 1.

8 is a schematic view of the second group of roadway filling operations in the second mining stage of the first mining stage of the first mining stage in the first mining cycle described in Embodiment 1.

9 is a schematic view of the third group of roadway filling operations in the first mining stage of the third group of roadway driving operations in the second mining stage of each working section in the first mining cycle described in Embodiment 1.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the third group roadway filling operation in the second mining stage of the first mining stage of each working section in the first mining cycle in the first mining cycle according to the first embodiment.

Figure 11 is the first group of pre-excavation roadway in the last group of mining stage in the first mining cycle described in the first production cycle, and the excavation roadway starts to be filled in the last mining stage, and the next mining cycle pre-excavation and cutting is started. The schematic diagram of the tunneling operation of the eye roadway begins.

Figure 12 is the first group of pre-digging roadway in the first mining stage of each working section in the current mining cycle described in Embodiment 1 while filling the last group of pre-excavation in the last group of mining stages in the last mining cycle. Schematic diagram of roadway and open cut operation.

Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the transition between the tunneling and filling operation surfaces of the first embodiment to complete the production cycle.

Figure 14 is a schematic view of the excavation and filling operation of all the production cycles in the working face described in Embodiment 1.

In the figure: 1-main transport lane; 2-auxiliary transport lane; 3-open cut eye; 4-protect coal pillar; 5--boring work surface; 6-filling work surface; 7-closed wall; 8-pre-digging roadway; R _yzx is the xth mining stage of the z- _th pre-digging roadway of the y- _th mining cycle, y=1 or 2, z=1, 2, 3 or 4, x=1 or 2.

Detailed ways

An embodiment of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

A shallow coal seam water retention mining method is applied to a shallow buried coal seam with a separation ratio of 18 to 35, and the method comprises the following steps:

Step 1. The working surface has a length of 350 m and a width of 150 m. Referring to FIG. 1 , the main transport lane 1 is arranged on one side of the working surface toward the edge, and the auxiliary transport lane 2 is arranged on the other side, and the working surface tends to be perpendicular to the direction. The direction penetrates the main transport lane 1 and the auxiliary transport lane 2 by arranging the open cut 3 . The arrangement of the main transport lane 1 and the auxiliary transport lane 2 follows the principle of “plowing down and charging”, that is, the main transport lane 1 is arranged at a lower level, the coal is transported downward, and the auxiliary transport lane is arranged at a higher level. The filling material is filled from top to bottom, and the filling material is vermiculite.

Step 2. Divide the working surface perpendicular to the direction of the strike into three sets of mining cycles. Referring to Figure 2, except for a set of mining cycles adjacent to the open cut 3, each of the remaining sets of mining cycles leaves a side along the side of the working surface that tends to be edged. Pre-digging the open-cut roadway, and leaving a protective coal pillar 4 on the side of the open-cut eye 3 and the above-mentioned pre-excavation open-cut roadway along the working face, the width of the pre-excavation open-cut roadway is 6m, and the protective coal pillar 4 The width is 10 to 15 m.

Step 3. Referring to FIG. 3, in each group of mining cycles, the side of the protective coal pillar 4 along the working surface is protected, and 16 pre-digging lanes are vertically or obliquely divided from the main transport lane 1 , and the width of each lane is 6 m. Divided into two working segments, each working segment is divided into two groups of mining stages, and the mining cycle, mining stage and pre-digging roadway near the edge of the working face are the first mining cycle, the first mining phase and the first group of pre-excavation respectively. In the roadway, the remaining groups are sorted along the working surface.

In step two and step three, if the tunneling speed is faster and the solidification time of the filling body is relatively longer, in order to ensure that the filling body on one side (or both sides) of the roadway can solidify and meet the bearing strength requirement, the number of mining stages needs to be reduced. Increase the number of pre-excavation roadways 8 in each mining stage; otherwise, increase the number of mining stages and reduce the number of pre-excavation roadways 8 in each mining stage.

Step 4. Referring to Figure 4 to Figure 10, starting from the first mining cycle, the two working sections are simultaneously excavated, starting from the first group of pre-digging roadways in the first mining stage of each working section, and transporting through the main transportation lane After the completion of the excavation, the closed wall is opened at the junction of the excavated roadway and the main transportation lane, and then the first group of pre-digging roadway is started from the second mining stage, and the auxiliary transportation lane 2 is in the upper mining stage. After the filling of the roadway has been completed, after the filling is completed, the closed wall of the filled roadway and the auxiliary transportation lane 2 will be closed, and then the next group of pre-digging roadway in the first mining stage will be excavated and the second mining will be filled. At the stage, the roadway has been excavated. After the filling is completed, the closed wall is opened. Then, the next group of pre-digging roadways in the second mining stage is started. The excavation is filled while the roadway has been dug in the previous mining stage, and so on, until the two working sections. In the second stage of mining, the last group of pre-digging roadways starts to dig. The specific process is shown in Figures 4-11. In each of the mining stages, the next group of pre-digging roadways are adjacent or spaced apart from the previous group of filled roadways, and adjacent forms are used in this embodiment.

Step 5: Referring to FIG. 12, while digging into the fourth group of pre-excavation roadway in the second mining stage in each working section of the first mining cycle, and filling the excavated roadway in the previous mining stage, excavating the next mining cycle to pre-excavate the opening and cutting eyes The roadway acts as a new opening cut and begins the transition of the mining cycle. After the excavation is completed, the closed wall is cut at the junction of the excavated roadway and the open cut in the previous mining cycle with the main transport lane.

However, in order to avoid the disturbance effect of the last group of roadways on the next mining cycle, the position of the last group of roadways is not close to the opening eye 3 of the next mining cycle. In order to reduce the total line of coal transportation and roadway filling, the last one The location of the group roadway is also not close to the protective coal column 4 of the current mining cycle.

Step 6. Referring to Figure 13, after completing the transition between the production cycles, the next mining cycle is used as the current mining cycle, and the first group of pre-drilling roadways in the first mining stage of each working section is filled with each of the previous mining cycles. In the last group of mining stages, the last group of pre-digging roadways and open-cut eyes are cut, and the remaining steps are repeated.

Step 7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 until the last group of pre-excavation roadway in the last group of mining stages in the last set of mining cycles in the working face is filled, and finally complete the whole mining process and complete the state diagram. Refer to Figure 14.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. All modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be determined by the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

A shallow coal seam water retention mining method characterized by comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Arrange the main transportation lane (1) on the side of the working surface to the edge, and arrange the auxiliary transportation lane (2) on the other side. The working surface tends to be perpendicular to the direction of the strike through the arrangement of the opening and cutting eyes (3) through the main transportation lane. (1) and auxiliary transport lanes (2);

Step 2. Divide the working surface perpendicular to the direction of the strike into at least two sets of production cycles, except for a set of mining cycles adjacent to the open cut (3), and each of the remaining sets of mining cycles leaves a pre-segment along the side of the working surface that tends to the edge direction. Digging open the roadway, and leaving a protective coal pillar (4) on the side of the open cut eye (3) and the above-mentioned pre-excavation open-cut roadway along the working face;

Step 3. In each group of mining cycles, protect the side of the coal pillar (4) along the working surface, and divide at least eight pre-digging lanes from the main transport lane (1) vertically or obliquely, and divide into at least two working sections, each The working sections are divided into at least two stages of mining. The mining cycle, the mining stage and the pre-digging roadway near the edge of the working face are the first mining cycle, the first mining stage and the first group of pre-digging roadways, and the remaining groupings work along the same. Face orientation;

Step 4. Start the excavation from the first mining cycle, and each work section is simultaneously excavated. Starting from the first group of pre-digging roadways in the first mining stage of each working section, the coal is transported through the main transportation lane (1), and the excavation is completed. At the junction of the excavated roadway and the main transportation lane (1), the closed wall is opened, and then the first group of pre-digging roadway is started from the next mining stage, and the auxiliary transportation lane (2) is already in the previous mining stage. Filling the roadway for filling, after the filling is completed, the closed wall will be closed at the junction of the filled roadway and the auxiliary transportation lane (2) until the first group of mining stages, the first group of pre-digging roadway is completed, and then the wall is sealed, then Excavate the next group of pre-digging roadways in the first stage of mining, and fill the roadway of the last group of mining stages. After filling, seal the wall and then start the excavation from the next group of pre-digging roadways in the next mining stage. At the same time, the roadway has been filled in the previous mining stage, and so on, until the last group of pre-excavation roadway in the last group of mining stages of each working section starts to dig;

Step 5. Digging into the first group of pre-excavation roadway in the last group of mining stage in the first mining cycle, and filling the roadway in the previous mining stage, while digging into the next mining cycle, pre-digging and cutting the roadway as new Open the cut, start the transition of the mining cycle, after the completion of the excavation, in the previous mining cycle, the excavation roadway and the open cut and the main transport lane (1) meet the closed wall;

Step 6. After completing the transition between the production cycles, the next mining cycle is used as the current mining cycle. The first group of pre-drilling roadway excavation in the first mining stage of each working section is filled with the last part of each working section in the previous mining cycle. The last group of pre-excavation roadways and open-cut eyes in a group of mining stages, the closed wall is closed, and the rest repeats step four;

Step 7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 until the last group of pre-excavation roadway in the last group of mining stages in the last group of mining cycles in the working face is filled, and finally complete the mining process.
A shallow coal seam water retention mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first step, the arrangement of the main transportation lane (1) and the auxiliary transportation lane (2) follows the principle of "upward and downward charging", that is, the main The transport lane (1) is arranged at a lower level, and the auxiliary transport lane is arranged at a higher level.
A shallow coal seam water retention mining method according to claim 1, wherein the next group of pre-digging roadways in each of the four stages of the production is adjacent or spaced apart from the previous group of excavated roadways.
A shallow coal seam water retention mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the last stage of the working stage, the last group of pre-excavation roadways in the last group of mining stages are not close to the pre-excavation of the next mining cycle. Eye roadway.
The invention is applied to the water-retaining mining of the mining area in the shallow coal seam with the separation ratio of 18-35 according to the method of claim 1.
The use according to claim 5, characterized in that it is mainly applied to the permeability control of the red soil aquifer.