WO2019015189A1 - 一种管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置及处理方法 - Google Patents

一种管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置及处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2019015189A1
WO2019015189A1 PCT/CN2017/112052 CN2017112052W WO2019015189A1 WO 2019015189 A1 WO2019015189 A1 WO 2019015189A1 CN 2017112052 W CN2017112052 W CN 2017112052W WO 2019015189 A1 WO2019015189 A1 WO 2019015189A1
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sewage
pipe
pipeline
water
treatment device
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李轶
张驰
杨楠
张文龙
牛丽华
王龙飞
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Hohai University HHU
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Hohai University HHU
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F9/20—Portable or detachable small-scale multistage treatment devices, e.g. point of use or laboratory water purification systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2003/001—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
    • C02F2003/003—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms using activated carbon or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower or fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/03—Pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sewage type sewage treatment device and a treatment method in a pipeline type plateau region, and belongs to the field of sewage treatment.
  • the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in the Qinghai and Cambodia provinces in western China, with an average elevation of over 4,500 m. It is known as the “roof of the world”. The territory is vast, the products are rich, the natural resources are rich, and it has broad development prospects. It is the reserve force for the future development of China and the natural barrier of the southwest.
  • the Sanjiangyuan area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the source catchment area of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang-Mekong River. Therefore, protecting the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is of great significance to the sustainable development of nature and humanity. With the improvement of human living standards and the increase of floating population, the amount of sewage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is increasing, with domestic sewage as the main.
  • the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a small environmental capacity and a poor self-purification capacity. Therefore, the requirements for sewage discharge on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are relatively high, and it must meet national-level emission standards.
  • the existing domestic sewage treatment method mostly adopts biological treatment method, but the activated sludge method which can operate efficiently in the plain area cannot be well used in the plateau region, because the water temperature is too low in the low temperature environment in the plateau region. It inhibits the activity of microorganisms, and the oxygen content in the plateau is low, aerobic microorganisms are difficult to function, and a large amount of aeration causes the water temperature to be lower, thereby generating a vicious circle.
  • the plateau area is sparsely populated, and the living area is irregularly distributed and scattered. Because the plateau is mostly mountainous, the pipeline is difficult to lay, and the transportation cost is extremely high. Most of the domestic sewage cannot be collected and treated in a centralized manner. , caused damage to the ecological environment. In addition, due to living and eating habits, the plateau area mostly feeds on meat, which makes the domestic sewage contain high oil content. If discharged into natural water body, the oil will float on the water surface, thus reducing dissolved oxygen in the water, on aquatic animals and plants, Microbes pose a serious threat. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a sewage treatment device that can adapt to the special conditions of the plateau region, can move freely, and can treat the dispersed domestic sewage.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and to provide a treatment device and a treatment method for distributed domestic sewage suitable for extreme environments such as high altitude, high altitude and low oxygen content, and is dedicated to the ecology of the plateau region. Environmental protection.
  • the present invention provides a pipeline type highland sewage treatment device, including a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, wherein a sewage primary treatment device, a heating pipe and a biological treatment pipe are sequentially connected between the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe; and the heating pipe is provided with an electric heating element for heating, The water flow is heated by an electric heating element, and the heating pipe is connected with an aeration oxygenation device, the aeration oxygenation device includes an aeration pump and an aeration head, and the aeration pump is used to pump an oxygen in the air.
  • the sewage primary treatment device includes a water inlet, a water outlet, a fine grid, a backwash inlet pipe, a backwash outlet pipe, and a cover plate.
  • the water inlet is connected to the sewage collection tank, and the water outlet is connected to the air flotation device, and the fine grid is placed obliquely in the sewage primary treatment device for removing large suspended matter and floating objects.
  • the backwashing inlet pipe and the backwashing outlet pipe are opened during backwashing for cleaning the grid slag, and the cover plate is located at the top of the sewage primary treatment device, and can be manually opened to clean the gate slag when needed.
  • the air flotation device includes an air floatation tank, a dissolved gas tank, and a booster pump.
  • the air floating tank is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; an upper part of the air floating tank is provided with an oil collecting tank, and an end of the oil collecting tank is provided with an oil outlet;
  • the boosting pump is used for pressurizing air, the dissolved gas
  • the canister fully dissolves the pressurized air in the water, and the dissolved gas tank is connected to a discharger uniformly distributed at the bottom of the gas floating tank, and the release device injects air into the sewage in the form of tiny bubbles, so that the tiny bubbles and the water
  • the suspended solids and the oil particles adhere to and float up to the oil collecting groove, and the scum layer is separated from the water and finally discharged from the oil outlet.
  • the heating pipe includes an insulation layer, a temperature control device, a tubular electric heating element, and a current limiting plate.
  • the heat insulation layer is used for isolating the outside air to provide better heating conditions for the heating pipe;
  • the temperature control device is used for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the sewage and manually adjusting the temperature;
  • the tubular electric heating element is placed in the metal pipe
  • the high-temperature resistance wire is closely filled with crystalline alumina powder having good insulation and thermal conductivity in the gap portion, and is wrapped with a waterproof material outside the metal tube.
  • the tubular electric heating element has high thermal efficiency, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and the like;
  • the restrictor plate is used to prolong the residence time of the sewage, so that the sewage is heated uniformly in the heating pipe, and provides favorable conditions for the subsequent biological reaction.
  • the biological treatment pipeline is formed by a plurality of sections of pipes connected by flanges, and the biological treatment pipeline comprises an insulation layer, an immobilized microorganism, a fixed membrane, and a current limiting plate.
  • the heat insulating layer is used to ensure that the heated water body is not affected by the outside air temperature to lower the temperature; the immobilized microorganism uses the active sewage
  • the mud, the activated carbon and the glue are combined according to a certain ratio, and can be attached to the inner wall of the biological treatment pipeline;
  • the fixed membrane has a pore diameter of 0.45 ⁇ m, so that the immobilized microorganisms are not dropped by the hydraulic scouring, thereby ensuring treatment.
  • the effect is that the restrictor plate ensures the residence time of the sewage in the biological treatment pipeline, and provides sufficient reaction time for the activated sludge microorganisms to degrade the organic matter in the sewage.
  • the activated sludge microorganisms are selected from microorganisms adapted to high altitude, strong ultraviolet rays, low temperature, low oxygen and the like, and are more active in metabolism, and the activated sludge microorganisms are selected from Pseudomonas.
  • Pseudomonas A combination of several species, genus, genus, genus, genus, genus Flavobacterium, and genus Alcaligenes.
  • the ultraviolet disinfecting pipe includes an insulating layer, an ultraviolet lamp, and a current limiting plate.
  • the thermal insulation layer is also used to ensure that the temperature of the sewage in the pipe is not too low;
  • the ultraviolet lamp is used for sterilizing and disinfecting the biologically treated sewage, without adding chemical agents, high disinfection efficiency, simple operation, and easy operation and management;
  • the restrictor plate is also used to prolong the residence time of the sewage in the ultraviolet disinfection pipeline to ensure thorough disinfection.
  • the detecting device comprises a water quality analyzer of the water outlet and a pressure gauge of all the pipelines, and the water quality analyzer is used for monitoring the treated water quality to ensure that the effluent water quality meets the standard; It is used to detect pipeline pressure and ensure the safe operation of the entire process.
  • the solar energy system includes a solar panel and a control system, the solar panel being located at the top of the movable cabinet for absorbing strong ultraviolet rays in the plateau region; the control system absorbing the solar panel
  • the solar energy is converted into electrical energy and connected to the respective pipelines to provide electrical energy to the pipeline domestic sewage treatment device.
  • the solar energy system utilizes abundant solar energy resources in the plateau region, and has high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • valves are provided at the inlet and outlet of each pipeline and device, and the valve can be manually closed to repair the pipeline, or the flow rate and flow rate of the sewage can be controlled by adjusting the valve.
  • the invention also discloses a method for treating domestic sewage in a plateau region, which comprises the following steps:
  • the above steps are carried out in a movable box in which a connected water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a sewage primary treatment device, an air flotation device, a heating pipe, a biological treatment pipe, an ultraviolet disinfection pipe, and a water outlet pipe are disposed.
  • the whole set of pipeline type domestic sewage treatment equipment occupies a small area and can be placed in containers and transported to places where domestic sewage needs to be treated.
  • the device has a simple structure, and the devices can be disassembled and assembled to facilitate loading and transportation. All the devices and pipelines are completely sealed, which is superior to the traditional sewage treatment sedimentation tanks, biological pools and other pools. It can withstand the bumps in the transportation process without liquid spillage.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • a pipeline type plateau sewage treatment device includes sewage primary treatment device 5, air flotation device, heating pipe, aeration oxygenation device, biological treatment pipeline, ultraviolet disinfection pipeline, detection device and solar energy system. .
  • the sewage primary treatment device 5 includes a water inlet, a water outlet, a fine grid 7, a backwash inlet pipe 8, a backwash outlet pipe 9, and a cover plate 6.
  • the domestic sewage in the sewage pool 1 enters the sewage primary treatment device 5 through the water inlet pipe 4 through the sewage pump 2; the fine grid 7 has a gap of about 3-10 mm, which can block most of the Suspended matter and floating matter; after the sewage primary treatment device 5 is operated for a period of time, the backwashing inlet pipe 8 and the backwashing outlet pipe 9 are opened to backwash the fine grid 7; after a long time of operation Opening the cover plate 6 to manually clean the slag of the fine grid 7.
  • the air flotation device includes an air flotation tank 10, a dissolved gas tank 13, and a booster pump 15.
  • the air floating tank 10 has a diameter of about 50 cm, and is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet.
  • the upper part is provided with an oil collecting groove 11, and the oil collecting groove is provided with an oil outlet 12 at the end;
  • the boosting pump 15 pressurizes the air, and
  • the pressurized air is sufficiently dissolved in the water through the dissolved gas tank 13, and finally, the fine bubbles are introduced into the sewage through the release device 14 uniformly distributed at the bottom of the air floating tank 10, and the fine bubbles are adhered to the suspended matter and the oil particles in the water.
  • It is attached to the oil collecting tank 11 and finally discharged from the oil outlet 12; the sewage which removes oil and suspended matter through the air floating device passes through the water outlet to enter the next device.
  • the heating pipe includes an insulation layer 18, a temperature control device 17, a tubular electric heating element 16, and a current limiting plate 19.
  • the heating pipe has a diameter of about 30 cm, the insulating layer has a thickness of about 10 cm, and the heat insulating layer adopts a rock wool shell heat insulating material; the temperature control device 17 is used to monitor the sewage temperature in real time, and the temperature is controlled according to the need, and the temperature is controlled.
  • the tubular electric heating element 16 is placed in the metal tube with a high-temperature resistance wire, and the crystalline alumina powder having good insulation and thermal conductivity is closely filled in the gap portion, and the waterproof material is wrapped around the metal tube;
  • the restrictor plate 19 is installed in the heating duct at a certain interval, and the sewage is sufficiently contacted with the tubular electric heating element 16 under the action of the restrictor plate 19, and the temperature can be quickly increased to a desired temperature.
  • the aeration oxygenation device includes an aeration pump 15 and an aeration head 20.
  • the aeration pump 15 pumps oxygen into the heating pipe and integrates oxygen into the sewage through an aeration head 20 uniformly distributed in the heating pipe to increase the oxygen content of the sewage.
  • the biological treatment pipeline includes a 7-segment pipeline formed by joining flanges 24, and the biological treatment pipeline includes an insulation layer 18, an immobilized microorganism 22, a fixed membrane 23, and a restrictor plate 19.
  • Biological treatment tube The diameter of the track is about 40 cm, and the thickness of the heat insulating layer 18 is about 5 cm;
  • the immobilized microorganism 22 is formed by mixing activated sludge, activated carbon and glue in a certain ratio, and the following ratio can be used: activated sludge 60%, 30% of activated carbon and 10% of binder; the activated sludge is selected from several combinations of Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Bacillus, Flavobacterium and Alcaligenes.
  • the immobilized microorganism 22 is attached to the inner wall of the biological treatment pipe, and is fixed by the fixing film 23, the fixed film 23 has a pore diameter of 0.45 mm, and the restrictor plate 19 is installed in the biological treatment pipe at a certain interval.
  • the sewage is sufficiently contacted by the immobilized microorganism 22 under the action of the restrictor plate 19, and the activated sludge degrades the organic matter in the sewage.
  • the ultraviolet disinfection pipe includes an insulation layer 18, an ultraviolet lamp 25, and a current limiting plate 19.
  • the ultraviolet disinfection pipeline is connected to the biological treatment pipeline by the flange 24, and the ultraviolet lamp 25 is sterilized and disinfected when the sewage passes, and the restrictor 19 is installed at the ultraviolet disinfection at a certain interval. In the duct, the sewage is in full contact with the ultraviolet rays by the action of the restrictor plate 19.
  • the detecting device comprises a water quality analyzer 27 of the water outlet pipe 26 and a pressure gauge 28 of all the pipelines, and the water quality analyzer 27 monitors the effluent water quality in real time, and the pressure gauge 28 is located on all the pipes of the whole set of equipment. Real-time monitoring of pipeline pressure.
  • the solar energy system includes a solar panel 29 and a control system 30 that absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into electrical energy through the control system 30 to provide electrical energy to the sewage treatment plant.
  • Valves 3 are provided at the inlet and outlet of each pipeline and device, and the flow rate and flow rate of the sewage are artificially regulated.
  • the pipeline type sewage treatment device may be entirely disposed in the movable casing 31 for movement and transportation, and the treated discharged water may be directly discharged into the nearby water body or reused through the outlet conduit 26.

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Abstract

一种管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置及处理方法，该处理装置包括污水初级处理装置（5）、气浮装置、加热管道、曝气充氧装置、生物处理管道、紫外消毒管道、检测装置和太阳能系统；污水初级处理装置（5）用于去除污水中的较大的悬浮物和漂浮物；气浮装置用于去除污水中的悬浮物和油类物质；加热管道采用管状电热元件（16）对污水进行加热；曝气充氧装置通过曝气增加污水中氧含量，为后续生物处理提供良好条件；生物处理管道通过法兰（24）相连，利用固定化微生物对污水中的有机物进行降解；该管道式污水处理装置占地面积小，方便移动运输，可处理分散分布的生活污水。

Description

一种管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置及处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置及处理方法，属于污水处理领域。
背景技术
青藏高原地区位于我国西部青海、西藏两省，平均海拔4500m以上，被称为“世界屋脊”。地域辽阔，物产丰富，自然资源富饶，具有广阔的发展前景，是我国未来发展的后备力量和西南的天然屏障。同时位于青藏高原的三江源地区是长江、黄河和澜沧江-湄公河的源头汇水区。因此，保护青藏高原的生态环境对自然及人类可持续发展具有重要意义。而随着人类生活水平的提高和流动人口的增加，青藏高原地区的污水量不断增多，其中以生活污水为主。
青藏高原地区环境容量较小，水体自净能力差，因此，对青藏高原污水排放的要求相对较高，要达到国家一级排放标准。现有的生活污水处理方式多采用生物处理法，但在平原地区能高效运行的活性污泥法并不能很好地运用在高原地区，这是因为在高原地区常年低温的环境下水温过低，抑制微生物的活性，且高原地区含氧量低，好氧微生物难以发挥作用，并且大量曝气会使得水温更低，由此产生恶性循环。
高原地区地广人稀，生活区无规则分布，较为分散，由于高原多为山地，管道铺设困难，且运输成本极高，绝大部分生活污水无法做到集中收集处理，多采取就近排放的方式，对生态环境造成了破坏。另外，由于生活和饮食习惯，高原地区多以肉类为食，使得生活污水中含油量较高，若排入自然水体会使得油脂漂浮在水面上，从而降低水中溶解氧，对水生动植物、微生物都产生了严重威胁。因此，需要提出一种能够适应高原地区的特殊条件，能够自由移动，可处理分散式生活污水的污水处理装置。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种适用于高原高寒、高海拔、含氧量低等极端环境的分散式生活污水的处理装置及处理方法，致力于高原地区生态环境的保护。
为达到以上目的，本发明提供一种管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，包括 进水管道和出水管道，在所述进水管道和所述出水管道之间设有依次连通的污水初级处理装置、加热管道和生物处理管道；所述加热管道内设有用于加热的电热元件，所述水流经过电热元件实现升温，所述加热管道连接有曝气充氧装置，所述曝气充氧装置包括增氧泵和曝气头，所述增氧泵用来将空气中的氧气泵入所述加热管道内，所述曝气头均匀分布于所述管道底部，使氧气均匀地融入水中，显著提高污水中的含氧量；所述生物处理管道包括固定于管道侧壁的固定化微生物，水流流经所述生物处理管道时所述固化微生物对水流中的有机物进行降解。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述污水初级处理装置包括进水口、出水口、细格栅、反冲洗进水管、反冲洗出水管和盖板。所述进水口与污水收集池相连，所述出水口与所述气浮装置相连，所述细格栅倾斜放置于所述污水初级处理装置内，用于去除较大的悬浮物和漂浮物，所述反冲洗进水管和所述反冲洗出水管在反冲洗时开启，用于清理栅渣，所述盖板位于所述污水初级处理装置顶部，可在需要时打开人工清理栅渣。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述气浮装置包括气浮罐、溶气罐和增压泵。所述气浮罐设有进水口和出水口；所述气浮罐上部设置集油槽，所述集油槽末端设有出油口；所述增压泵用来对空气加压，所述溶气罐使增压空气在水中充分溶解，所述溶气罐与均匀分布在所述气浮罐底部的释放器相连，所述释放器将空气以微小气泡的形式注入污水中，使微小气泡与水中的悬浮物和油粒粘附，并上浮至所述集油槽，形成浮渣层从水中分离，最后从所述出油口排出。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述加热管道包括保温层、控温装置、管状电热元件和限流板。所述保温层用以隔绝外界空气，为所述加热管道提供更好的加热条件；所述控温装置用以实时监测污水的温度并可人工调控温度；所述管状电热元件在金属管内放入高温电阻丝，在空隙部分紧密填入具有良好绝缘性和导热性的结晶氧化铝粉，并在金属管外包裹防水材料，所述管状电热元件热效率高，具有耐腐蚀、耐磨擦等特点；所述限流板用来延长污水的停留时间，使污水在所述加热管道中受热均匀，为后续生物反应提供有利条件。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述生物处理管道采用多段管道用法兰相接而成，所述生物处理管道包括保温层、固定化微生物、固定膜和限流板。所述保温层用来保证加热后的水体不受外界气温影响而降低温度；所述固定化微生物用活性污 泥、活性炭以及胶合剂按照一定比例配合而成，可附着于所述生物处理管道内壁；所述固定膜孔径为0.45μm，使所述固定化微生物不会因水力冲刷而掉落，从而保证处理效果，所述限流板保证污水在所述生物处理管道中的停留时间，为活性污泥微生物提供充足的反应时间，从而降解污水中的有机物。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述活性污泥微生物选用适应于高原地区高海拔、强紫外线、低温、低氧等特殊条件，且代谢较为活跃的微生物，所述活性污泥微生物选用假单胞菌属、嗜冷杆菌属、芽胞杆菌属、黄杆菌属和产碱杆菌属之间几种的组合。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述紫外消毒管道包括保温层、紫外灯和限流板。所述保温层同样用来保证管内污水的温度不会过低；所述紫外灯用来对生物处理后的污水进行杀菌消毒，无需投加化学药剂、消毒效率高、操作简单、便于运行管理；所述限流板同样用来延长污水在所述紫外消毒管道中的停留时间，保证消毒的彻底性。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述检测装置包括出水口的水质分析仪和所有管路的压力计等设备，所述水质分析仪用来监控处理后的水质，保证出水水质达标；所述压力计用来检测管道压力，保证整个处理流程的安全运行。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述太阳能系统包括太阳能板和控制系统，所述太阳能板位于可移动箱体的顶部，用来吸收高原地区强烈的紫外线；所述控制系统将所述太阳能板吸收的太阳能转化为电能，并与所述各管路相连，为所述管道式生活污水处理装置提供电能。所述太阳能系统，利用了高原地区丰富的太阳能资源，效率高且节能环保。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述各管路及装置的进、出口处均设有阀门，可人为关闭所述阀门对管路进行检修，或通过调节所述阀门来控制污水的流速和流量。
本发明还公布了一种高原地区生活污水处理方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
a对污水进行初级处理，拦截污水中的悬浮物和漂浮物；
b去除污水中的油类和较小悬浮物,在污水底部注入气泡，通过气泡带动污水中的油类和悬浮物上浮后去除；
c对污水进行加热升温，并通入氧气增加污水中的含氧量；
d对污水中的有机物进行微生物降解，将固化微生物固定在管道侧壁，污水流过时可被微生物降解；
e对污水进行杀菌消毒；
上述步骤在可移动箱体中进行，所述可移动箱体内设置连通的进水管道、出水管道、污水初级处理装置、气浮装置、加热管道、生物处理管道、紫外消毒管道和出水管道。
与现有技术相比，本发明达到的有益效果是：
(1)整套管道式生活污水处理装置占地较小，可放在集装箱内，运输至需要处理生活污水的地方。
(2)装置结构简单，且各装置之间可拆卸组装，便于装车、运输。所有装置及管路全密封，优于传统污水处理的沉淀池、生物池等池体，可在运输过程中承受路途颠簸而不会有液体洒出等弊端。
(3)利用了高原地区紫外线较强这一优势，充分利用丰富的太阳能资源来为整套装置进行供电，节能环保且成本较低。
(4)克服了高原地区低温、低氧等特殊条件，采用密闭曝气充氧和管道加热的方式，并选用高原地区代谢较为活跃的微生物作为活性污泥进行有机物降解，能够很好地应用在高原污水处理中，具有较高的处理效率，为高原地区生态环境的保护提供了保障。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图
图中：1、污水池；2、污水泵；3、阀门；4、进水管道；5、污水初级处理装置；6、盖板；7、细格栅；8、反冲洗进水管；9、反冲洗出水管；10、气浮罐；11、集油槽；12、出油口；13、溶气罐；14、释放器；15、增压泵；16、管状电热元件；17、控温装置；18、保温层；19、限流板；20、曝气头；21、增氧泵；22、固定化微生物；23、固定膜；24、法兰；25、紫外灯；26、出水管道；27、水质分析仪；28、压力计；29、太阳能板；30、控制系统；31、可移动箱体。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。用于说明的是本发明中所说的底部、顶部、上下等位置描述均是在装置工作状态下的基础上做出的描述，与生活习惯 所认为的位置一致。
如图1所示，一种管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，包括污水初级处理装置5、气浮装置、加热管道、曝气充氧装置、生物处理管道、紫外消毒管道、检测装置和太阳能系统。
所述污水初级处理装置5包括进水口、出水口、细格栅7、反冲洗进水管8、反冲洗出水管9和盖板6。所述污水池1中的生活污水通过所述污水泵2由所述进水管道4进入所述污水初级处理装置5；所述细格栅7栅条间隙约为3-10mm，可阻拦大部分悬浮物和漂浮物；在所述污水初级处理装置5在运行一段时间后，开启所述反冲洗进水管8和反冲洗出水管9对所述细格栅7进行反冲洗；运行较长时间后，开启所述盖板6对所述细格栅7进行人工清渣。
所述气浮装置包括气浮罐10、溶气罐13和增压泵15。所述气浮罐10直径约为50cm，设有进水口和出水口，上部设置集油槽11，所述集油槽末端设有出油口12；所述增压泵15对空气进行加压，并通过所述溶气罐13使增压空气在水中充分溶解，最后通过均匀分布在所述气浮罐10底部的释放器14使微小气泡进入污水中，微小气泡与水中的悬浮物和油粒粘附后上浮至所述集油槽11，最后由所述出油口12排出；经过所述气浮装置去除油类和悬浮物的污水经过所述出水口进入到下一装置。
所述加热管道包括保温层18、控温装置17、管状电热元件16和限流板19。所述加热管道直径约为30cm，所述保温层厚度约为10cm，所述保温层采用岩棉管壳保温材料；采用所述控温装置17实时监测污水温度，并根据需要调控温度，控制在25-30℃左右；所述管状电热元件16在金属管内放入高温电阻丝，在空隙部分紧密填入具有良好绝缘性和导热性的结晶氧化铝粉，并在金属管外包裹防水材料；所述限流板19按照一定间隔安装在所述加热管道内，污水在所述限流板19的作用下与所述管状电热元件16充分接触，温度可快速提高到所需温度。
所述曝气充氧装置包括增氧泵15和曝气头20。所述增氧泵15将氧气泵入所述加热管道内，并通过均匀分布在所述加热管道内的曝气头20将氧气融入污水中，提高污水的含氧量。
所述生物处理管道包括7段管道，采用法兰24相接而成，所述生物处理管道包括保温层18、固定化微生物22、固定膜23和限流板19。所述生物处理管 道直径约为40cm，所述保温层18厚度约为5cm；所述固定化微生物22用活性污泥、活性炭以及胶合剂按照一定比例配合而成，可采用如下配比：活性污泥60％，活性炭30％，胶合剂10％；所述活性污泥选用假单胞菌属、嗜冷杆菌属、芽胞杆菌属、黄杆菌属和产碱杆菌属之间几种的组合，将配制好的所述固定化微生物22附着在所述生物处理管道内壁，并用所述固定膜23固定，所述固定膜23孔径为0.45mm，所述限流板19按照一定间隔安装在所述生物处理管道内，污水在所述限流板19的作用下与所述固定化微生物22充分接触，所述活性污泥对污水中有机物进行降解。
所述紫外消毒管道包括保温层18、紫外灯25和限流板19。所述紫外消毒管道用所述法兰24与所述生物处理管道相连，所述紫外灯25在污水通过时，对其进行杀菌消毒，所述限流板19按照一定间隔安装在所述紫外消毒管道内，污水在所述限流板19的作用下与紫外线充分接触。
所述检测装置包括出水管道26的水质分析仪27和所有管路的压力计28等设备，所述水质分析仪27对出水水质进行实时监测，所述压力计28位于整套设备的所有管道上，对管道压力进行实时监测。
所述太阳能系统包括太阳能板29和控制系统30，所述太阳能板29吸收太阳能并通过所述控制系统30将太阳能转化为电能，为污水处理装置提供电能。
所述各管路及装置的进、出口处均设有阀门3，对污水的流量和流速进行人为调控。
所述管道式污水处理装置可全部置于所述可移动箱体31内，便于移动和运输，处理后的排出水通过所述出水管道26可直接排入附近水体或进行回用。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，包括进水管道和出水管道，其特征在于：在所述进水管道和所述出水管道之间设有依次连通的污水初级处理装置、加热管道和生物处理管道；
    所述加热管道内设有用于加热的电热元件，所述水流经过电热元件实现升温，所述加热管道连接有曝气充氧装置，所述曝气充氧装置包括增氧泵和曝气头，所述增氧泵用来将空气中的氧气泵入所述加热管道内，所述曝气头均匀分布于所述加热管道底部，使氧气均匀地融入水中；
    所述生物处理管道包括固定于管道侧壁的固定化微生物，水流流经所述生物处理管道时所述固化微生物对水流中的有机物进行降解。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，其特征在于：所述加热管道外围包覆有保温材料，所述加热管道内设有若干限制水流流速的限流板，水流在所述限流板的作用下可充分加热，所述的加热管道上还设有用于控制水流温度的控温装置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，其特征在于：所述生物处理管道还包括包覆在管道外壁的保温层、用于将所述固定化微生物固定在管道内侧壁的固定膜和用于限制水流在生物处理管道内流速的限流板，所述固定膜上设有微孔结构，所述限流板固定在管道内壁，水流经过所述生物处理管道与所述固定化微生物充分接触。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，其特征在于：所述固定化微生物包括活性污泥、活性炭和胶合剂。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，其特征在于：所述污水初级处理装置与加热管道之间还连通有气浮装置，所述气浮装置包括与管道连通的气浮罐、为气浮罐内水流提供气泡的溶气罐和为溶气罐提供加压空气的增压泵，所述气浮罐内设有集油槽，所述集油槽连接有通往气浮罐外侧的出油口，所述溶气罐内的水充分溶解加压空气并释放气泡，所述气泡通过设于气浮罐侧壁的释放器进入气浮罐内污水中，气泡与水中的悬浮物和油粒粘附，并上浮至所述集油槽，形成浮渣层从水中分离，最后从所述出油口排出。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，其特征在于：所述污水初级处理装置包括设有进水口、出水口和盖板的水箱，所述水箱内设有拦 截污水中悬浮物和漂浮物的细格栅，所述水箱还包括用于防止细格栅堵塞的反冲洗水管。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，其特征在于：所述生物处理管道与出水管道之间连通有紫外消毒管道，所述紫外消毒管道包括包覆于管道外的保温层、紫外灯和限流板，所述紫外消毒管道用法兰与所述生物处理管道相连，所述紫外灯在污水通过时对其进行杀菌消毒，所述限流板按照一定间隔安装在所述紫外消毒管道内，污水在所述限流板的作用下与紫外线充分接触。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，其特征在于：还包括检测装置，所述检测装置包括设于出水管道的水质分析仪和设于管道上的压力计。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置，其特征在于：所述污水处理装置置于可移动箱体内，所述可移动箱体上设有太阳能板和控制系统，所述太阳能板吸收太阳能并通过所述控制系统将太阳能转化为电能，为所述污水处理装置提供电能。
  10. 一种高原地区生活污水处理方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    a对污水进行初级处理，拦截污水中的悬浮物和漂浮物；
    b去除污水中的油类和较小悬浮物，在污水底部注入气泡，通过气泡带动污水中的油类和悬浮物上浮后去除；
    c对污水进行加热升温，并通入氧气增加污水中的含氧量；
    d对污水中的有机物进行微生物降解，将固化微生物固定在管道侧壁，污水流过时可被微生物降解；
    e对污水进行杀菌消毒；
    上述步骤在可移动箱体中进行，所述可移动箱体内设置连通的进水管道、出水管道、污水初级处理装置、气浮装置、加热管道、生物处理管道、紫外消毒管道和出水管道。
PCT/CN2017/112052 2017-07-17 2017-11-23 一种管道式高原地区生活污水处理装置及处理方法 Ceased WO2019015189A1 (zh)

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