WO2019000719A1 - 减震器的自主调节阀及其阶梯式排油方法 - Google Patents

减震器的自主调节阀及其阶梯式排油方法 Download PDF

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WO2019000719A1
WO2019000719A1 PCT/CN2017/106974 CN2017106974W WO2019000719A1 WO 2019000719 A1 WO2019000719 A1 WO 2019000719A1 CN 2017106974 W CN2017106974 W CN 2017106974W WO 2019000719 A1 WO2019000719 A1 WO 2019000719A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
piston
discharge
column
discharging
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄永宁
黄永健
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/22—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution
    • F16K3/24—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members
    • F16K3/26—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members with fluid passages in the valve member
    • F16K3/267—Combination of a sliding valve and a lift valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
    • F16K31/1221—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston one side of the piston being spring-loaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
    • F16K31/1226—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston the fluid circulating through the piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/06—Fluid filling or discharging

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of shock absorbers, in particular to an autonomous regulating valve of a shock absorber and a stepped oil discharging method thereof.
  • the damper is designed to support the weight of the vehicle body and to suppress and prevent vibration from being transmitted from the road surface to the vehicle body, contribute to improved ride comfort, and protect the loaded cargo and various components of the vehicle.
  • shock absorbers include a cylinder filled with oil, a reciprocating piston rod coupled to the vehicle body, and a piston valve coupled to the lower end of the piston rod and oil that is movable within the cylinder and controls operation.
  • the hydraulic oil on the market structure cannot be effectively effluxed, and the vehicle cannot achieve a smooth and comfortable effect when the vehicle encounters a low speed and uneven road surface during driving.
  • the present invention provides an autonomous regulating valve of a shock absorber and a stepped oil discharging method thereof, which can achieve a true self-adjusting mode by stepped oil discharging.
  • the present invention provides an autonomous regulating valve for a shock absorber, comprising an oil draining copper piston, an oil draining column, a tapered oil discharging needle and a regulating valve base; the upper end of the adjusting valve base is fixed on the pressing piece
  • the two are integrated into a cavity, the oil drain column is installed in the cavity, and the oil discharge column is mounted with a piston spring, the oil discharge copper piston is placed in the oil discharge column and the lower part is sleeved on the piston Inside the spring; an oil discharge needle spring is mounted in the oil discharge copper piston, and the tapered oil discharge needle is sleeved in the oil discharge needle spring;
  • the upper end of the oil-discharging copper piston defines a first oil-discharging hole corresponding to the tapered portion of the tapered oil-discharging needle; the outer wall of the oil-discharging column is uniformly provided with a plurality of second oil-discharging holes;
  • the plurality of second oil drain holes form a plurality of oil drain hole groups, and the plurality of oil drain hole groups are sequentially distributed from the top to the bottom on the outer wall of the oil discharge column; in the oil discharge process, according to the oil pressure
  • the oil drain hole groups are sequentially turned up from the top to the bottom.
  • the oil drain groove is disposed in the lower end of the oil drain column, and the size of the groove of the oil drain groove is smaller than the size of the lower end of the oil discharge copper piston; the oil discharge copper piston can descend in the piston spring to the oil reservoir.
  • the slots are in contact.
  • the outer periphery of the upper end of the oil discharge copper piston is outwardly provided with a limiting block for limiting the downward position thereof, and the diameter of the limiting block is greater than or equal to the diameter of the piston spring.
  • the lower end of the adjusting valve base is fixed with a spring sealing base, and the piston base is installed in the lower end of the oil discharging copper piston.
  • the upper end of the oil draining column is provided with an extension column integrally formed therewith, and the upper pressing piece extends to be fixed in the extension column.
  • the upper pressing piece is provided with a through hole, and the connecting hole is provided with an engaging rod which can be in contact with the upper end surface of the oil discharging copper piston; and the connecting rod is connected with the damping shaft.
  • the outer surface of the upper pressing piece is sleeved with a piston down tower spring and a plurality of oil filling valve sheets in order from top to bottom.
  • the present invention also provides a stepped oil discharge method for an autonomous regulating valve of a shock absorber.
  • the shock absorber When the shock absorber is in operation, the hydraulic oil in the internal pressure must be changed due to the change of the hydraulic oil pressure in the inner cylinder. Part of the row to the outer cylinder;
  • the force generated by the downward oil pressure in the inner cylinder acts on the first oil drain hole, the tapered oil discharge needle descends and the tapered portion leaves the first oil drain hole.
  • the first oil hole in the oil-discharge copper piston opens the oil discharge, and performs the first step oil discharge;
  • the oil pressure in the inner cylinder increases, the oil pressure also acts on the oil-discharge copper piston; after the oil-discharge copper piston receives a large pressure, the oil discharged by the tapered oil-discharge needle After reaching the limit, the entire oil-discharging copper piston is subjected to greater pressure, and then descends in the oil drain column, and the second oil drain hole of the oil discharge column opens the oil discharge of the second step.
  • the plurality of second oil drain holes form a plurality of oil drain hole groups, and the plurality of oil drain hole groups are from top to bottom
  • the second time is distributed on the outer wall of the oil drain column; during the oil draining process, the oil drain hole group is sequentially opened from top to bottom according to the oil pressure; the larger the oil pressure, the more the number of open oil drain hole groups .
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the self-regulating valve of the shock absorber and the stepped oil discharging method thereof are provided by the present invention, and the oil-discharging copper piston and the oil-discharging copper are arranged in the oil-discharging column of the regulating valve.
  • a tapered oil discharge needle is installed in the piston, and the first step oil discharge is realized by the cooperation of the tapered oil discharge needle and the oil discharge copper piston in the downward process; the second step oil discharge is realized by the oil discharge column.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an autonomous regulating valve of a shock absorber of the present invention.
  • the self-regulating valve of the shock absorber comprises an oil-discharging copper piston 10, an oil draining column 11, a tapered oil-discharging needle 12 and a regulating valve base 13; and an upper end of the adjusting valve base is fixed on the pressing piece 14 after the two are integrated into a cavity, the oil drain column is installed in the cavity, the piston rod 15 is installed and installed in the oil discharge column, the oil discharge copper piston is placed in the oil discharge column and the lower part is sleeved in the piston spring;
  • An oil discharge needle spring 16 is mounted in the oil discharge copper piston, and the tapered oil discharge needle is sleeved in the oil discharge needle spring;
  • the upper end of the oil discharge copper piston has a first oil discharge hole 101 adapted to the tapered portion of the tapered oil discharge needle; the outer wall of the oil discharge column is uniformly provided with a plurality of second oil discharge holes 111;
  • the oil pressure in the inner cylinder increases, the oil pressure also acts on the oil-discharging copper piston.
  • the oil discharged from the tapered oil-discharging needle has reached the limit, so that the entire oil-discharging copper
  • the piston is subject to more After the large pressure, the oil is descended in the oil discharge column, and the oil discharged from the second step is opened by the second oil drain hole of the oil discharge column.
  • the plurality of second oil drain holes form a plurality of oil drain hole groups, and the plurality of oil drain hole groups are sequentially distributed from the top to the bottom on the outer wall of the oil discharge column; in the oil discharge process, according to the oil
  • the group of pressure-increasing oil drain holes is sequentially opened from top to bottom.
  • the design of the structure makes the opening of the second oil hole in the oil drain column completely depends on the oil pressure generated in the inner cylinder when the shaft and the suspension valve piston descend downward; the oil pressure is larger, the oil drain hole is opened. The more laps in the group.
  • an oil storage tank 112 is disposed in the lower end of the oil discharge column 11, and the size of the groove of the oil storage tank is smaller than the size of the lower end of the oil discharge copper piston; the oil discharge copper piston can descend to the piston spring.
  • the slots of the oil sump are in contact.
  • the oil storage tank is provided in the oil drain column to protect the copper hole type piston from colliding with the bottom of the oil drain column, and the hole type oil discharge copper piston is in contact with the oil surface in the oil storage tank groove. Buffering, the oil-discharge copper piston is not damaged by impact.
  • the outer periphery of the upper end of the oil discharge copper piston 10 is outwardly provided with a limiting block 102 for limiting the downward position thereof, and the diameter of the limiting block is greater than or equal to the diameter of the piston spring.
  • the oil discharge spring in the regulating valve is easy to be deformed and shortened during the compression process for a long time, and the limit block is set so that the oil discharge spring can only be brought into contact with the lower end of the limiting block at most; so that it does not exceed its own working Withstand the limits and work properly within its acceptable range.
  • the lower end of the regulating valve base 13 is fixed with a spring seal base 17, and the piston base 21 is mounted in the lower end of the oil discharge copper piston.
  • the upper end of the oil draining column is provided with an extension column integrally formed therewith, and the upper pressing piece extends to be fixed in the extension column 113.
  • a through hole is arranged in the upper pressing piece, and a connecting rod 18 which can be in contact with the upper end surface of the oil discharging copper piston is installed in the through hole; and the connecting rod is connected with the damping shaft.
  • the outer surface of the upper pressing piece is sequentially provided with a piston down tower spring 19 and a plurality of oil filling valve pieces 20 from top to bottom. The oil filling valve piece is closed during the ascending process and is opened during the downward process.
  • the present invention also provides a stepped oil discharge method for an autonomous regulating valve of a shock absorber.
  • the shock absorber When the shock absorber is in operation, the hydraulic oil in the internal pressure must be changed due to the change of the hydraulic oil pressure in the inner cylinder. Part of the row to the outer cylinder;
  • the force generated by the downward oil pressure in the inner cylinder acts on the first oil drain hole, the tapered oil discharge needle descends and the tapered portion leaves the first oil drain hole.
  • the first oil hole in the oil-discharge copper piston opens the oil discharge, and performs the first step oil discharge;
  • the oil pressure in the inner cylinder increases, and the oil pressure also acts on the oil-discharging copper.
  • the oil discharged from the tapered oil discharge needle has reached the limit, so that the entire oil-discharge copper piston is subjected to greater pressure, and then descends in the oil discharge column, and the oil is drained.
  • the second row of oil holes of the column opens the oil drain of the second step.
  • the plurality of second oil drain holes form a plurality of oil drain hole groups, and the plurality of oil drain hole groups are sequentially distributed on the outer wall of the oil discharge column from top to bottom; in the oil discharge process, the oil pressure is sequentially changed.
  • the large oil drain group is opened from top to bottom in turn; the greater the oil pressure, the more the number of turns of the open oil drain hole group.
  • the present invention provides an autonomous regulating valve of a shock absorber and a stepped oil discharging method thereof.
  • the oil discharging copper piston is arranged in the oil discharging column of the regulating valve, and the tapping is installed in the oil discharging copper piston.
  • the oil discharge needle realizes the first step oil discharge by the cooperation of the tapered oil discharge needle and the oil discharge copper piston in the downward process; the oil discharge of the second step is realized by the oil discharge column.
  • the two-step oil discharge of the regulating valve of the invention is specifically: the stepped oil discharging mode is designed in the invention, wherein the oil draining hole in the downward hole type copper piston of the tapered oil discharging needle in the hole type copper piston in the autonomous regulating valve
  • the oil discharge is turned on.
  • This design is mainly designed to ensure that the vehicle is designed to be smooth and comfortable when the speed of the vehicle is low during driving. This is only the first step of the self-regulating valve in the oil discharge process.
  • the downward oil pressure in the inner cylinder generates the force only on the hole copper piston, so that the cylindrical spring in the copper piston tapered oil discharge needle is subjected to Press down, the cone-shaped oil discharge needle is opened downwards, and the oil is discharged moderately.
  • the oil pressure in the inner cylinder will increase. At this time, the oil discharge amount of the tapered oil discharge needle in the piston can no longer be adapted, and the oil pressure in the inner cylinder increases.
  • the oil pressure also acts on the hole piston. After the copper piston is subjected to a large pressure, the oil discharged from the tapered oil discharge needle has reached the limit, so that the entire hole copper piston is subjected to a large pressure after the oil discharge column. In the middle and lower reaches, the second step of the oil drain is opened.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)

Abstract

一种减震器的自主调节阀及其阶梯式排油方法，该调节阀包括放油铜活塞(10)、排油柱(11)、锥形放油针(12)和调节阀底座(13)；所述调节阀底座(13)的上端固定上压片(14)后两者围合成一腔体，所述排油柱(11)安装在该腔体内，所述排油柱(11)内安装有活塞弹簧(15)，所述放油铜活塞(10)放置在排油柱(11)内且其下部套接在活塞弹簧(15)内；所述放油铜活塞(10)内安装有放油针弹簧(16)，所述锥形放油针(12)套接在该放油针弹簧(16)内；所述放油铜活塞(10)的上端开设有一与锥形放油针(12)的锥形部相适配的第一排油孔(101)；所述排油柱(11)的外壁上均匀开设有多个第二排油孔(111)。所述减震器的自主调节阀及其阶梯式排油方法使得该调节阀实现阶梯式排油方式，达到了自主调节的效果；进而既能使液压油有效的外排，又能保证有足够的轴与悬浮式活塞下行必须要有的阻力。

Description

减震器的自主调节阀及其阶梯式排油方法 技术领域
本发明涉及减震器技术领域，尤其涉及一种减震器的自主调节阀及其阶梯式排油方法。
背景技术
一般来说，减震器被设计成支撑车身的重量并且抑制和阻止振动从道路表面传递至车身的，有助于改善乘坐的舒适感，并且保护车辆的装载货物和各种部件。
这样的减震器包括填充有油的缸体、连接至车身的往复运动的活塞杆和连接至活塞杆下端的活塞阀以及在缸体内活动且控制工作的油。
目前市面上的结构其液压油不能进行有效的外排，而且，车辆在行驶过程中遇到速度低路面凹凸不平的时候，车辆不能达到平稳舒适的效果。
发明内容
针对上述技术中存在的不足之处，本发明提供一种减震器的自主调节阀及其阶梯式排油方法，通过阶梯式排油，可起到真正的自主调节方式。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种减震器的自主调节阀，包括放油铜活塞、排油柱、锥形放油针和调节阀底座；所述调节阀底座的上端固定上压片后两者围合成一腔体，所述排油柱安装在该腔体内，所述排油柱内安装安装有活塞弹簧，所述放油铜活塞放置在排油柱内且其下部套接在活塞弹簧内；所述放油铜活塞内安装有放油针弹簧，所述锥形放油针套接在该放油针弹簧内；
所述放油铜活塞的上端开设有一与锥形放油针的锥形部相适配的第一排油孔；所述排油柱的外壁上均匀开设有多个第二排油孔；
减震轴贯穿过悬浮式阀片活塞且下行时，液油压冲压第一排油孔后，锥形放油针下行且其锥形部离开第一排油孔，放油铜活塞中的第一排油孔开启排油，进行第一阶梯排油；
内缸中的油压增大时，油压同样作用在放油铜活塞，放油铜活塞在受到 较大压力后，锥形排油针所排的油量已到极限，使得整个放油铜活塞受到更大压力后，在排油柱中下行，由排油柱的第二排油孔开启第二阶梯的排油。
其中，所述多个第二排油孔形成多圈排油孔组，且多圈排油孔组由上至下依次分布在排油柱的外壁上；在排油过程中，根据油压的依次变大排油孔组由上至下依次开启。
其中，所述排油柱的下端内设置有一存油槽，且该存油槽的槽口大小小于放油铜活塞下端的尺寸大小；所述放油铜活塞可在活塞弹簧内下行至与存油槽的槽口相接触。
其中，所述放油铜活塞的上端的外围向外设置有对其下行位置进行限位的限位块，所述限位块的直径大于或等于活塞弹簧的直径。
其中，所述调节阀底座的下端固定有弹簧封底座，且所述放油铜活塞的下端内安装有活塞底座。
其中，所述排油柱的上端设置有一与其一体成型的延伸柱，所述上压片延伸至固定在该延伸柱内。
其中，所述上压片内设有通孔，所述通孔内安装有可与放油铜活塞上端面相接触的衔接杆；且所述衔接杆与减震轴相连接。
其中，所述上压片的外表面由上至下依次套设有活塞下行塔式弹簧和多个补油阀片。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种减震器的自主调节阀的阶梯式排油方法，减震器在工作时，由于内缸中的液油压力产生变化，内压中的液压油必须一部分排向外缸；
车辆在行驶过程中速度低，路面凹凸不大时，内缸中的下行油压产生的力作用在第一排油孔后，锥形放油针下行且其锥形部离开第一排油孔，放油铜活塞中的第一排油孔开启排油，进行第一阶梯排油；
随着车速和路况的变化，内缸中的油压增大时，油压同样作用在放油铜活塞上；放油铜活塞在受到较大压力后，锥形排油针所排的油量已到极限，使得整个放油铜活塞受更大压力后，在排油柱中下行，由排油柱的第二排油孔开启第二阶梯的排油。
其中，多个第二排油孔形成多圈排油孔组，且多圈排油孔组由上至下依 次分布在排油柱的外壁上；在排油过程中，根据油压的依次变大排油孔组由上至下依次开启；油压越大，开启的排油孔组的圈数越多。
本发明的有益效果是：与现有技术相比，本发明提供的减震器的自主调节阀及其阶梯式排油方法，该调节阀的排油柱内设置放油铜活塞，放油铜活塞内安装锥形放油针，在下行过程中通过锥形放油针和放油铜活塞的配合实现了第一阶梯排油；通过排油柱实现第二阶梯的排油。上述结构的改进，使得该调节阀实现阶梯式排油方式，达到了自主调节的效果；进而既能使液压油有效的外排，又能保证有足够的轴与悬浮式活塞下行必须要有的阻力。
附图说明
图1为本发明的减震器的自主调节阀的截面图。
主要元件符号说明如下：
10、放油铜活塞11、排油柱12、锥形放油针13、调节阀底座14、上压片15、活塞弹簧16、放油针弹簧17、弹簧封底座18、衔接杆19、活塞下行塔式弹簧20、补油阀片21、活塞底座101、第一排油孔102、限位块111、第二排油孔112、存油槽113、延伸柱。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地表述本发明，下面结合附图对本发明作进一步地描述。
请参阅图1，本发明提供的减震器的自主调节阀，包括放油铜活塞10、排油柱11、锥形放油针12和调节阀底座13；调节阀底座的上端固定上压片14后两者围合成一腔体，排油柱安装在该腔体内，排油柱内安装安装有活塞弹簧15，放油铜活塞放置在排油柱内且其下部套接在活塞弹簧内；放油铜活塞内安装有放油针弹簧16，锥形放油针套接在该放油针弹簧内；
放油铜活塞的上端开设有一与锥形放油针的锥形部相适配的第一排油孔101；排油柱的外壁上均匀开设有多个第二排油孔111；
减震轴贯穿过悬浮式阀片活塞且下行时，液油压冲压第一排油孔后，锥形放油针下行且其锥形部离开第一排油孔，放油铜活塞中的第一排油孔开启排油，进行第一阶梯排油；
内缸中的油压增大时，油压同样作用在放油铜活塞，放油铜活塞在受到较大压力后，锥形排油针所排的油量已到极限，使得整个放油铜活塞受到更 大压力后，在排油柱中下行，由排油柱的第二排油孔开启第二阶梯的排油。
在本实施例中，多个第二排油孔形成多圈排油孔组，且多圈排油孔组由上至下依次分布在排油柱的外壁上；在排油过程中，根据油压的依次变大排油孔组由上至下依次开启。该结构的设计，使得排油柱中的第二排油孔，开启多少完全取决于轴与悬浮式阀片活塞下行时内缸中产生的油压大小；油压越大，开启的排油孔组的圈数越多。
在本实施例中，排油柱11的下端内设置有一存油槽112，且该存油槽的槽口大小小于放油铜活塞下端的尺寸大小；放油铜活塞可在活塞弹簧内下行至与存油槽的槽口相接触。在排油柱内设有存油槽极好的保护了铜孔式活塞下行时不与排油柱的底部相撞击，确保孔式的放油铜活塞与存油槽槽内的油面接触，起到缓冲作用，放油铜活塞不受撞击而损坏。
在本实施例中，放油铜活塞10的上端的外围向外设置有对其下行位置进行限位的限位块102，限位块的直径大于或等于活塞弹簧的直径。调节阀中的放油弹簧长期在受压过程中易变形缩短，设定了限位块使放油弹簧最多只能弹至与限位块的下端接触；使得其在工作时不超过其自身的承受极限，在其可承受范围内正常工作。
在本实施例中，调节阀底座13的下端固定有弹簧封底座17，且放油铜活塞的下端内安装有活塞底座21。排油柱的上端设置有一与其一体成型的延伸柱，上压片延伸至固定在该延伸柱113内。上压片内设有通孔，通孔内安装有可与放油铜活塞上端面相接触的衔接杆18；且衔接杆与减震轴相连接。上压片的外表面由上至下依次套设有活塞下行塔式弹簧19和多个补油阀片20，补油阀片在上行过程中是关闭的，在下行过程中是开启的。
为实现上述目的，本发明还提供一种减震器的自主调节阀的阶梯式排油方法，减震器在工作时，由于内缸中的液油压力产生变化，内压中的液压油必须一部分排向外缸；
车辆在行驶过程中速度低，路面凹凸不大时，内缸中的下行油压产生的力作用在第一排油孔后，锥形放油针下行且其锥形部离开第一排油孔，放油铜活塞中的第一排油孔开启排油，进行第一阶梯排油；
随着车速和路况的变化，内缸中的油压增大时，油压同样作用在放油铜 活塞上；放油铜活塞在受到较大压力后，锥形排油针所排的油量已到极限，使得整个放油铜活塞受更大压力后，在排油柱中下行，由排油柱的第二排油孔开启第二阶梯的排油。
其中，多个第二排油孔形成多圈排油孔组，且多圈排油孔组由上至下依次分布在排油柱的外壁上；在排油过程中，根据油压的依次变大排油孔组由上至下依次开启；油压越大，开启的排油孔组的圈数越多。
相较于现有技术的情况，本发明提供的减震器的自主调节阀及其阶梯式排油方法，该调节阀的排油柱内设置放油铜活塞，放油铜活塞内安装锥形放油针，在下行过程中通过锥形放油针和放油铜活塞的配合实现了第一阶梯排油；通过排油柱实现第二阶梯的排油。上述结构的改进，使得该调节阀实现阶梯式排油方式，达到了自主调节的效果；进而既能使液压油有效的外排，又能保证有足够的轴与悬浮式活塞下行必须要有的阻力。
本发明调节阀的两阶梯式排油具体为：本发明设计了阶梯式排油方式，其中自主调节阀中的孔式铜活塞中的锥形放油针下行孔式铜活塞中的排油孔开启排油，这一设计主要针对，车辆在行驶过程中速度低，路面凹凸不大时，能确保车辆平稳舒适所设计。这只是自主调节阀在排油过程的第一阶梯，此时内缸中的下行油压，产生的力，只作用在孔式铜活塞上，使得铜活塞锥形排油针中的圆柱弹簧受压下行，锥形排油针下行开启，适度排油。随着车速和路况的变化，内缸中的油压会随着增大，此时同活塞中的锥形排油针的排油量已无法适应所需，内缸中的油压增大时，油压同样作用在孔式活塞上，铜活塞在受到较大压力后，锥形排油针所排的油量已到极限，使得整个孔式铜活塞受较大压力后，在排油柱中下行，开启第二阶梯的排油。
以上公开的仅为本发明的几个具体实施例，但是本发明并非局限于此，任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种减震器的自主调节阀，其特征在于，包括放油铜活塞、排油柱、锥形放油针和调节阀底座；所述调节阀底座的上端固定上压片后两者围合成一腔体，所述排油柱安装在该腔体内，所述排油柱内安装安装有活塞弹簧，所述放油铜活塞放置在排油柱内且其下部套接在活塞弹簧内；所述放油铜活塞内安装有放油针弹簧，所述锥形放油针套接在该放油针弹簧内；
    所述放油铜活塞的上端开设有一与锥形放油针的锥形部相适配的第一排油孔；所述排油柱的外壁上均匀开设有多个第二排油孔；
    减震轴贯穿过悬浮式阀片活塞且下行时，液油压冲压第一排油孔后，锥形放油针下行且其锥形部离开第一排油孔，放油铜活塞中的第一排油孔开启排油，进行第一阶梯排油；
    内缸中的油压增大时，油压同样作用在放油铜活塞，放油铜活塞在受到较大压力后，锥形排油针所排的油量已到极限，使得整个放油铜活塞受到更大压力后，在排油柱中下行，由排油柱的第二排油孔开启第二阶梯的排油。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的减震器的自主调节阀，其特征在于，所述多个第二排油孔形成多圈排油孔组，且多圈排油孔组由上至下依次分布在排油柱的外壁上；在排油过程中，根据油压的依次变大排油孔组由上至下依次开启。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的减震器的自主调节阀，其特征在于，所述排油柱的下端内设置有一存油槽，且该存油槽的槽口大小小于放油铜活塞下端的尺寸大小；所述放油铜活塞可在活塞弹簧内下行至与存油槽的槽口相接触。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的减震器的自主调节阀，其特征在于，所述放油铜活塞的上端的外围向外设置有对其下行位置进行限位的限位块，所述限位块的直径大于或等于活塞弹簧的直径。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的减震器的自主调节阀，其特征在于，所述调节阀底座的下端固定有弹簧封底座，且所述放油铜活塞的下端内安装有活塞底座。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的减震器的自主调节阀，其特征在于，所述排油柱的上端设置有一与其一体成型的延伸柱，所述上压片延伸至固定在该延伸柱内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的减震器的自主调节阀，其特征在于，所述上压片内设有通孔，所述通孔内安装有可与放油铜活塞上端面相接触的衔接杆；且所述衔接杆与减震轴相连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的减震器的自主调节阀，其特征在于，所述上压片的外表面由上至下依次套设有活塞下行塔式弹簧和补油阀片。
  9. 一种减震器的自主调节阀的阶梯式排油方法，其特征在于，减震器在工作时，由于内缸中的液油压力产生变化，内压中的液压油必须一部分排向外缸；
    车辆在行驶过程中速度低，路面凹凸不大时，内缸中的下行油压产生的力作用在第一排油孔后，锥形放油针下行且其锥形部离开第一排油孔，放油铜活塞中的第一排油孔开启排油，进行第一阶梯排油；
    随着车速和路况的变化，内缸中的油压增大时，油压同样作用在放油铜活塞上；放油铜活塞在受到较大压力后，锥形排油针所排的油量已到极限，使得整个放油铜活塞受更大压力后，在排油柱中下行，由排油柱的第二排油孔开启第二阶梯的排油。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的减震器的自主调节阀的阶梯式排油方法，其特征在于，多个第二排油孔形成多圈排油孔组，且多圈排油孔组由上至下依次分布在排油柱的外壁上；在排油过程中，根据油压的依次变大排油孔组由上至下依次开启；油压越大，开启的排油孔组的圈数越多。
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