WO2018228276A1 - 一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴 - Google Patents

一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018228276A1
WO2018228276A1 PCT/CN2018/090355 CN2018090355W WO2018228276A1 WO 2018228276 A1 WO2018228276 A1 WO 2018228276A1 CN 2018090355 W CN2018090355 W CN 2018090355W WO 2018228276 A1 WO2018228276 A1 WO 2018228276A1
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Prior art keywords
sleeve
nozzle
powder
central
protective glass
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程延海
王浩正
韩正铜
杨金勇
崔然
尹逊金
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a ring-shaped coaxial laser cladding nozzle.
  • Laser cladding technology is a new surface modification technology. It is a process that combines two or more different materials by heating to fuse them together and give full play to their excellent performance. Laser cladding has the characteristics of heating speed and fast cooling speed. The obtained cladding layer has fine microstructure, high strength and superior performance compared with other cladding methods, so it has attracted extensive attention from material workers all over the world.
  • Laser-fed powder feed nozzle design is a key technology in laser processing equipment.
  • the function of the powder feeding nozzle is to convert the powder flow from the powder feeder into a different shape and enter the laser beam to control the injection angle and cross-sectional size of the powder flow.
  • the structure and performance of the nozzle directly affect the cladding. The effect of the process and the precision and quality of the formed parts.
  • the coaxial powder feeding nozzle has been deeply studied at home and abroad, and has achieved certain results, but there are still many shortcomings, which are as follows: (1) It is easy to export the powder feeding tube without adding protective gas.
  • the clogging which tends to cause the powder to flow, is removed from the laser beam before reaching the surface of the substrate, forming a region where the cladding material is non-metallurgically bonded to the substrate.
  • the amount of powder fed is not uniform.
  • the flow of the cladding material in the laser beam is divergent, causing the powder to exceed the diameter of the laser spot, and the powder beyond the diameter of the laser spot is not sufficiently heated in the laser beam.
  • the metallurgical bond between the cladding powder and the surface of the substrate may be caused, which may directly lead to deterioration of the surface of the formed part, and may even cause collapse, which may make the forming process unable to continue.
  • the powder feeding nozzle cannot achieve accurate coaxial adjustment of the powder and the laser beam, and the powder spot and the laser light class cannot achieve coaxial work.
  • the laser beam will reflect on the surface of the substrate, causing energy loss. In severe cases, the reflected laser beam may burn the nozzle.
  • the water-cooled pipeline cannot completely cool the lower end of the nozzle, causing damage to the molten pool near the molten pool.
  • the protective mirror glass cannot be completely cooled, and local overheating may cause glass cracking.
  • the coaxial powder feeding nozzle used in laser cladding forming mainly has two forms: a three-beam coaxial powder feeding nozzle and a ring-shaped coaxial powder feeding nozzle.
  • the three-beam coaxial powder feeding nozzle has three powder feeding channels symmetrically distributed by the laser beam.
  • the inner diameter of the channel is 1-3 mm, and the powder is emitted after three channels to form a powder spot; suitable for high power (>2kw) Thicker, wider cladding processing, and 3D cladding with greater tilt requirements.
  • the annular coaxial powder feeding nozzle guides the powder particles through a conical gap to form a circular powder flow centered on the laser beam, which is concentrated and then enters the molten pool.
  • This structural design makes it possible to achieve a powder gathering spot of 0.4 mm or less, that is, an extremely high cladding efficiency can be obtained for an ultra-narrow cladding layer having a width of 1 mm or less.
  • the present invention is directed to a built-in screen-type annular laser cladding nozzle which has a long service life and an adjustable powder concentration diameter and is suitable for use without size powder particles.
  • a built-in screen-type annular laser cladding nozzle including a laser head connecting portion, a middle sleeve portion and a nozzle portion;
  • the laser head connecting portion includes an upper connecting sleeve The upper end of the upper connecting sleeve is connected with the laser head;
  • the middle sleeve part comprises a sliding sleeve, a protective glass water cooling sleeve, a center sleeve and a protective glass, and the upper end of the sliding sleeve is connected with the lower end of the upper connecting sleeve, and the sliding sleeve
  • the lower end of the sliding sleeve and the outer end of the central sleeve are provided with a protective glass water cooling sleeve, and the protective glass water cooling sleeve is respectively screwed with the sliding sleeve and the central sleeve to protect the glass water cooling sleeve.
  • the central water inlet and the central water outlet are arranged on the upper side, and two opposite protective gas holes are arranged at a position of the central sleeve near the protective glass, the lower end of the central sleeve is tapered; the nozzle portion comprises a tapered nozzle core, Into the powder sleeve, the air inlet sleeve, the water cooling sleeve, the annular sieve plate, the upper end of the conical nozzle core and the lower end of the central sleeve are threadedly connected, in a cone spray
  • the outer side of the lower end of the core and the central sleeve is provided with a powder feeding sleeve, an air inlet sleeve and a water cooling sleeve.
  • the upper half of the powder feeding sleeve, the air inlet sleeve and the water cooling sleeve are all cylindrical, and the lower half is tapered.
  • the upper end of the powder sleeve is connected with the central sleeve by a threaded joint, the upper end of the powder feeding sleeve is provided with a powder inlet nozzle, the lower end of the powder feeding sleeve and the lower end of the central sleeve are provided with an annular sieve plate, and the annular sieve orifice plate is provided with a small powder.
  • the upper end of the air inlet sleeve and the upper end of the powder feeding sleeve are threadedly connected, and the upper end of the air inlet sleeve is provided with an air inlet nozzle, and the upper end of the water cooling sleeve and the upper end of the air inlet sleeve are fixed by welding, and the upper end of the water cooling sleeve is provided with an upper water outlet, and the lower end of the water cooling sleeve It has a lower inlet nozzle and a curved baffle.
  • the upper end of the sliding sleeve extends into the connecting sleeve and can slide up and down along the connecting sleeve.
  • a plurality of screw holes are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the connecting sleeve, and the centering screw is inserted into the screw hole to pass the centering. The screw clamps the sliding sleeve and keeps the sliding sleeve concentric with the upper connecting sleeve.
  • a sealing ring is disposed between the outer circumference of the protective glass and the water-cooling sleeve of the protective glass.
  • the inner surface of the upper end of the tapered nozzle core smoothly transitions with the inner surface of the lower end of the central sleeve, and an annular gap is left between the outer edge of the upper end of the tapered nozzle core and the outer edge of the lower end of the central sleeve.
  • the inner ring edge portion of the mesh plate is caught in the annular gap.
  • a plurality of mutually interleaved baffles are arranged between the water jacket and the air inlet sleeve from top to bottom.
  • the powder inlet nozzle and the air inlet nozzle are disposed in plurality around the central sleeve.
  • the number of the powder inlet nozzle and the air inlet nozzle are the same and the positions are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the diameter of the powder discharging aperture is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm.
  • the present invention Compared with the existing laser cladding nozzle device, the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the nozzle core also provides easy replacement when it is protected by increasing the distance from the molten pool
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the small holes in the annular sieve plate
  • a built-in screen-type annular laser cladding nozzle of the present invention includes a laser head connecting portion, a middle sleeve portion and a nozzle portion.
  • the laser head connecting portion includes an upper connecting sleeve 1, and an upper end of the upper connecting sleeve 1 is connected to the laser head, and the laser cladding nozzle of the present invention is connected to the laser device through the upper connecting sleeve 1.
  • the central sleeve portion includes a sliding sleeve 3, a protective glass water jacket 4, a center sleeve 16, and a cover glass 20.
  • the upper end of the sliding sleeve 3 is connected to the lower end of the upper connecting sleeve 1.
  • the upper end of the sliding sleeve 3 extends into the connecting sleeve 1 and can slide up and down along the connecting sleeve 1, outside the lower end of the connecting sleeve 1.
  • a plurality of screw holes are evenly distributed in the circle, and the centering screw 2 is inserted into the screw hole, and the sliding sleeve 3 is clamped by the centering screw 2 and the sliding sleeve 3 is kept concentric with the upper connecting sleeve 1.
  • a protective glass 20 is disposed between the lower end of the sliding sleeve 3 and the upper end of the central sleeve 16.
  • the lower end of the sliding sleeve 3 and the upper end of the central sleeve 16 are provided with a protective glass water cooling sleeve 4, and the protective glass water cooling sleeve 4 and the sliding sleeve 3, respectively.
  • the central sleeve 16 is screwed, and a sealing ring 19 is disposed between the outer circumference of the protective glass 20 and the protective glass water cooling sleeve 4.
  • the protective glass water cooling sleeve 4 is provided with a central water inlet nozzle 5 and a central water outlet nozzle 18 at the center sleeve.
  • the position of the cylinder 16 adjacent to the cover glass 20 is provided with two oppositely facing shielding air holes 17, and the lower end of the center sleeve 16 is tapered.
  • the nozzle portion includes a conical nozzle core 14, a powder inlet 9, an inlet sleeve 10, a water jacket 11, and an annular screen plate 15.
  • the upper end of the conical nozzle core 14 is screw-fitted to the lower end of the center sleeve 16, and the powder sleeve 9, the air inlet sleeve 10, and the water cooling jacket 11 are sequentially disposed on the outer side of the lower end of the conical nozzle core 14 and the center sleeve 16.
  • the upper half of the powder feeding sleeve 9, the air inlet sleeve 10 and the water cooling jacket 11 are both cylindrical and the lower half is tapered.
  • the upper end of the powder feeding sleeve 9 is connected with the central sleeve 16 by screwing.
  • the upper end of the powder feeding sleeve 9 is provided with a powder inlet nozzle 6, and the lower end of the powder feeding sleeve 9 and the lower end of the central sleeve 16 are provided with an annular sieve plate 15 at The annular sieve plate 15 is provided with a plurality of powder discharge holes 21, as shown in FIG. 2, the diameter of the powder discharge holes 21 is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 3 mm, and the number of powder discharge holes 21 can be fed with powder. Parameters such as volume and powder feeding speed are optimized and adjusted.
  • the upper end of the air inlet sleeve 10 is connected with the upper end of the powder feeding sleeve 9 through a threaded joint.
  • the upper end of the air inlet sleeve 10 is provided with a plurality of air inlet nozzles 7 around the center sleeve 16.
  • the upper end of the water cooling sleeve 11 and the upper end of the air inlet sleeve 10 are fixed by welding.
  • An upper water outlet 8 is provided at the upper end of the water jacket 11 around the center sleeve 16 and has the same number and position one-to-one correspondence with the air inlet nozzle 7, and a lower water inlet 13 and a curved shutter 22 are provided at the lower end of the water jacket 11, and
  • a plurality of mutually interleaved baffles 12 are provided between the water jacket 11 and the air intake sleeve 10 from top to bottom.
  • the inner surface of the upper end of the tapered nozzle core 14 and the inner surface of the lower end of the central sleeve 16 smoothly transition, and the outer edge of the upper end of the tapered nozzle core 14 and the outer edge of the lower end of the central sleeve 16 are left.
  • An annular notch, the inner ring edge portion of the annular mesh plate 15 is snapped into the annular notch, and the annular mesh plate 15 is clamped by the tapered nozzle core 14 and the center sleeve 16.
  • the coaxiality of the laser beam and the powder flow is adjusted by the centering screw 2. Since the air inlet sleeve 10 and the powder inlet sleeve 9 are connected by a threaded disk, the air inlet sleeve 10 can be adjusted up and down within a certain distance with respect to the powder feeding sleeve 9, so that the lower end of the air inlet sleeve 10 and the tapered powder feeding sleeve can be adjusted. The angle between the lower ends of 9 changes the angle of the airflow to achieve the regulation of the size of the powder.
  • the lower end of the water cooling jacket 11 is provided with a curved baffle 22, which can re-reflect the laser beam reflected from the base, which greatly improves the utilization of the laser beam energy.
  • the distance between the nozzle portion and the molten pool can be adjusted by the sliding sleeve 3, and the tapered nozzle core 14 is detachably connected to the central sleeve 16 by screwing, so that the annular mesh plate 15 of different apertures can be easily replaced. Since the inner wall of the conical nozzle core 14 is a smooth curved surface, the powder sputtered inside the conical nozzle core 14 can slide off by itself, thereby avoiding blockage of the powder pores and improving the utilization of the powder.
  • the outer edge of the protective glass 20 may be cooled by supplying cooling water to the protective glass water jacket 4, and two protective air holes 17 are opened under the protective glass 20, and the protective glass is passed through the protective gas.
  • the center is air-cooled, and the outer edge of the protective glass 20 is wrapped with a sealing ring 19, which can ensure the air pressure in the cavity of the central sleeve 16 to prevent the powder from rising and contaminating the protective glass.
  • forced water cooling is achieved by introducing cooling water into the water jacket 11.
  • the cooling water flows in from the central water inlet 5 of the protective glass water jacket 4, and then flows out from the central water outlet 18, and the outflowing cooling water enters the water jacket 11 through the lower water inlet nozzle 13 and finally flows out from the upper water outlet nozzle 8. Cooling water is cooled according to the above path, which not only reduces the amount of water but also avoids excessive entanglement of the piping.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，包括激光头连接部分、中部套筒部分和喷嘴部分，激光头连接部分包括与激光头相连的上连接套筒，中部套筒部分包括与上连接套筒相连的滑动套筒，滑动套筒下端与中心套筒上端之间设有保护玻璃，保护玻璃水冷套分别与滑动套筒、中心套筒螺纹连接，在中心套筒设有保护气气孔，喷嘴部分包括与中心套筒相连的锥形喷嘴芯，在锥形喷嘴芯和中心套筒外侧依次设有进粉套、进气套、水冷套。本发明克服了现有激光熔覆喷嘴存在的使用寿命短、粉末汇聚直径无法调节、无法适应不同尺寸粉末颗粒的缺点。

Description

一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴 技术领域
本发明涉及激光加工技术领域，尤其涉及一种环形同轴激光熔覆喷嘴。
背景技术
激光熔覆技术是一种新的表面改性技术，是将两种或两种以上不同性质的材料通过加热的办法，使其熔合在一起，充分发挥各自优良性能的工艺方法。激光熔覆具有加热速度和冷却速度快的特点，获得的熔覆层显微组织很细，强度高，性能明显优于其他熔覆方法，因此受到世界各国材料工作者的广泛关注。
激光熔覆的送粉喷嘴设计是激光加工设备中的一项关键技术。送粉喷嘴的作用是将从送粉器出来的粉流转变为不同的形状并进入激光束中，起到控制粉末流的喷入角度和截面尺寸的作用，喷嘴的结构和性能直接影响熔覆工艺的效果及成形零件的精度和质量。国内外对同轴送粉喷嘴已进行了深入的研究，并取得了一定的成果，但目前仍存在许多不足，表现为：(1)在不加保护气条件下，送粉管粉道出口容易堵塞，易导致粉末流动时，在到达基体表面之前从激光束中脱出，形成了熔覆材料与基体非冶金结合的区域。(2)送粉量不均匀。同轴送粉激光熔覆工艺实施过程中，熔覆材料在激光束中流动具有发散性，造成粉斑直径超出激光光斑直径，超出激光光斑直径范围的粉末，在激光束中未得到充分加热，会造成熔覆粉末与基体表面无法形成冶金结合，会直接导致成形件表面恶化，严重情况甚至会导致塌陷，使成形过程无法继续进行。(3)送粉喷嘴不能实现粉末与激光束精确的同轴度调整，导致粉斑和激光光班不能实现同轴工作。(4)激光束在基体表面会产生反射，造成能量损失，严重时，经反射的激光束可能会烧损喷头。(5)水冷管路不能完全冷却喷嘴下端，造成接近熔池处容易受辐射热损坏。(6)保护镜玻璃不能得到完全冷却，局部过热易造成玻璃碎裂。
目前，激光熔覆成形所采用的同轴送粉喷嘴主要有两种形式：三束流同轴送粉喷嘴和环形同轴送粉喷嘴。三束流同轴送粉喷嘴具有三个以激光束为轴心对称分布的送粉通道，通道内径1～3mm，粉末经三个通道射出后汇聚形成粉斑；适用于大功率(>2kw)条件下进行较厚、较宽熔覆层加工，以及具有较大倾角要求的3D熔覆。环形同轴送粉喷嘴通过一个圆锥形空隙引导粉末颗粒，形成一个以激光束为轴心的环形粉末流，汇聚后进入熔池。这种结构设计可使粉末汇聚斑点达到0.4mm以下，即对于1mm宽度以下的超窄熔覆层也可获得极高的熔覆效率。
在中国专利CN104694922A提出了一种同轴送粉喷嘴，其主要部分是通过螺栓相连接，虽然采用了多个出粉小孔结构来提高粉末汇聚性，但此设计在加工上相对繁琐，其 出粉口尺寸、数量不易调节。而且其未在喷嘴靠近熔池处采用冷却装置，更易导致喷嘴受辐射热损坏，降低喷嘴使用寿命。美国专利US5477026提出了一种多层环形锥筒喷嘴，其采用模块化结构，利于更换零件，粉末进入粉管中，存在一较大空间，可以起到稳流效果。主要不足是喷嘴出口处的粉末流均匀性较差，且粉末易在最下端出口处熔化堵塞出粉口，其次喷嘴无法调节粉末汇聚直径。
发明内容
发明目的：为了解决上述问题，本发明旨在提供一种使用寿命长、粉末汇聚直径可调、适用于不用尺寸粉末颗粒的内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下的技术方案：一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，包括激光头连接部分、中部套筒部分和喷嘴部分；所述激光头连接部分包括上连接套筒，上连接套筒上端与激光头相连；所述中部套筒部分包括滑动套筒、保护玻璃水冷套、中心套筒、保护玻璃，滑动套筒上端与上连接套筒下端相连，滑动套筒下端与中心套筒上端之间设有保护玻璃，滑动套筒下端与中心套筒上端外侧设有保护玻璃水冷套，保护玻璃水冷套分别与滑动套筒、中心套筒螺纹连接，保护玻璃水冷套上设有中部进水嘴和中部出水嘴，在中心套筒靠近保护玻璃的位置设有两个位置相对的保护气气孔，中心套筒下端为锥形；所述喷嘴部分包括锥形喷嘴芯、进粉套、进气套、水冷套、环形筛孔板，锥形喷嘴芯上端与中心套筒下端通过螺纹配合连接，在锥形喷嘴芯和中心套筒下端外侧依次设有进粉套、进气套、水冷套，进粉套、进气套、水冷套的上半段均为圆筒形，下半段均为锥形，进粉套上端与中心套筒通过螺纹配合连接，进粉套上端设有进粉嘴，进粉套下端与中心套筒下端之间设有环形筛孔板，环形筛孔板上设有出粉小孔，进气套上端与进粉套上端通过螺纹配合连接，进气套上端设有进气嘴，水冷套上端与进气套上端通过焊接固定，水冷套上端设有上部出水嘴，水冷套下端设有下部进水嘴和弧形挡板。
进一步的，所述滑动套筒上端伸入连接套筒内并可沿连接套筒上下滑动，在连接套筒下端外圆均布多个螺孔，螺孔内穿入对中螺钉，通过对中螺钉夹紧滑动套筒并使滑动套筒与上连接套筒保持同心。
进一步的，所述保护玻璃外圆与保护玻璃水冷套之间设有密封圈。
进一步的，所述锥形喷嘴芯上端的内表面与中心套筒下端的内表面平滑过渡，锥形喷嘴芯上端的外缘与中心套筒下端的外缘之间留有环形缺口，所述环形筛孔板的内圈边缘部分卡入该环形缺口内。
进一步的，所述水冷套与进气套之间由上至下设有多个相互交错的导流挡板。
进一步的，所述进粉嘴和进气嘴均环绕中心套筒设置多个。
进一步的，所述进粉嘴和进气嘴的数量相同并且位置一一对应。
进一步的，所述出粉小孔的直径大于等于0.2mm并且小于等于3mm。
与现有激光熔覆喷嘴设备相比，本发明具有以下优点：
(1)可实现出粉口尺寸、数量调整，可调节粉末汇聚直径，实现良好的粉光匹配；
(2)喷嘴芯在通过增大与熔池距离达到保护的同时，也提供了容易更换的措施；
(3)对现有保护玻璃冷却方式进行改善。
(4)通过对中螺钉2保证滑动套筒3与上连接套筒1的同心度，避免了由于加工、安装造成的同轴度误差；
(5)适用于任何尺寸的粉末颗粒，同时提高了粉末了汇聚性、稳定性和粉末利用率。
(6)优化水冷通道，减少用水量且避免管路太多造成相互缠绕。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是环形筛孔板上出粉小孔的布置示意图；
图中：1、上连接套筒；2、对中螺钉；3、滑动套筒；4、保护玻璃水冷套；5、中部进水嘴；6、进粉嘴；7、进气嘴；8、上部出水嘴；9、进粉套；10、进气套；11、水冷套；12、导流挡板；13、下部进水嘴；14、锥形喷嘴芯；15、环形筛孔板；16、中心套筒；17、保护气气孔；18、中部出水嘴；19、密封圈；20、保护玻璃；21、出粉小孔，22-弧形挡板。
具体实施方式：
下面结合附图对本发明做更进一步的解释。
如图1所示，本发明的一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，包括激光头连接部分、中部套筒部分和喷嘴部分。
所述激光头连接部分包括上连接套筒1，上连接套筒1上端与激光头相连，通过上连接套筒1将本发明激光熔覆喷嘴与激光设备连接在一起。
所述中部套筒部分包括滑动套筒3、保护玻璃水冷套4、中心套筒16、保护玻璃20。滑动套筒3上端与上连接套筒1下端相连，本实施例中，所述滑动套筒3上端伸入连接套筒1内并可沿连接套筒1上下滑动，在连接套筒1下端外圆均布多个螺孔，螺孔内穿入对中螺钉2，通过对中螺钉2夹紧滑动套筒3并使滑动套筒3与上连接套筒1保持同心。滑动套筒3下端与中心套筒16上端之间设有保护玻璃20，滑动套筒3下端与中心套筒16上端外侧设有保护玻璃水冷套4，保护玻璃水冷套4分别与滑动套筒3、中心套筒16螺纹连接，并且保护玻璃20外圆与保护玻璃水冷套4之间设有密封圈19，保护玻 璃水冷套4上设有中部进水嘴5和中部出水嘴18，在中心套筒16靠近保护玻璃20的位置设有两个位置相对的保护气气孔17，中心套筒16下端为锥形。
所述喷嘴部分包括锥形喷嘴芯14、进粉套9、进气套10、水冷套11、环形筛孔板15。锥形喷嘴芯14上端与中心套筒16下端通过螺纹配合连接，在锥形喷嘴芯14和中心套筒16下端外侧依次设有进粉套9、进气套10、水冷套11。进粉套9、进气套10、水冷套11的上半段均为圆筒形，下半段均为锥形。进粉套9上端与中心套筒16通过螺纹配合连接，在进粉套9上端设有进粉嘴6，进粉套9下端与中心套筒16下端之间设有环形筛孔板15，在环形筛孔板15上设有多个出粉小孔21，如图2所示，所述出粉小孔21的直径大于等于0.2mm并且小于等于3mm，出粉小孔21数量可随送粉量、送粉速度等参数进行优化调整。进气套10上端与进粉套9上端通过螺纹配合连接，在进气套10上端环绕中心套筒16设有多个进气嘴7，水冷套11上端与进气套10上端通过焊接固定，在水冷套11上端环绕中心套筒16设有与进气嘴7数量相同并且位置一一对应的上部出水嘴8，在水冷套11下端设有下部进水嘴13和弧形挡板22，并且在水冷套11与进气套10之间由上至下设有多个相互交错的导流挡板12。本实施例中，所述锥形喷嘴芯14上端的内表面与中心套筒16下端的内表面平滑过渡，锥形喷嘴芯14上端的外缘与中心套筒16下端的外缘之间留有环形缺口，所述环形筛孔板15的内圈边缘部分卡入该环形缺口内，通过锥形喷嘴芯14和中心套筒16夹紧环形筛孔板15。
激光熔覆喷嘴工作时，通过对中螺钉2来实现激光束与粉末流同轴度的调整。由于进气套10和进粉套9通过螺纹盘配合连接，所以进气套10可相对于进粉套9在一定距离内上下可调，这样可以调节进气套10下端与锥状进粉套9下端之间的夹角，进而改变气流角度，从而实现对粉斑大小的调控。水冷套11下端设有弧形挡板22，可以对从基体反射的激光束进行再反射，极大的提高了激光束能量的利用率。
可通过滑动套筒3调节喷嘴部分与熔池距离，锥形喷嘴芯14通过螺纹连接方式与中心套筒16进行可拆卸的连接，方便更换不同孔径的环形筛孔板15。由于锥形喷嘴芯14内壁为平滑曲面，溅射在锥形喷嘴芯14内部的粉末可自行滑落，避免了堵塞出粉孔，并提高了粉末的利用率。
为防止保护玻璃20过热，可向保护玻璃水冷套4通入冷却水对保护玻璃20外边缘进行冷却，保护玻璃20下方开有两个保护气气孔17，通过通入保护气体来对保护玻璃20中心处进行风冷，保护玻璃20外边缘包裹着密封圈19，可以保证中心套筒16腔体内气压，避免粉末上扬污染保护玻璃。为防止喷嘴部分局部过热，通过向水冷套11通入冷却水来实现强制水冷。冷却水从保护玻璃水冷套4的中部进水嘴5流入，随后从中部出水嘴18流出，流出的冷却水再通过下部进水嘴13进入水冷套11，最终从上部出水 嘴8流出。冷却水按照上述路径进行冷却，不仅可以减少用水量而且避免管路太多造成相互缠绕。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，其特征在于：包括激光头连接部分、中部套筒部分和喷嘴部分；所述激光头连接部分包括上连接套筒(1)，上连接套筒(1)上端与激光头相连；所述中部套筒部分包括滑动套筒(3)、保护玻璃水冷套(4)、中心套筒(16)、保护玻璃(20)，滑动套筒(3)上端与上连接套筒(1)下端相连，滑动套筒(3)下端与中心套筒(16)上端之间设有保护玻璃(20)，滑动套筒(3)下端与中心套筒(16)上端外侧设有保护玻璃水冷套(4)，保护玻璃水冷套(4)分别与滑动套筒(3)、中心套筒(16)螺纹连接，保护玻璃水冷套(4)上设有中部进水嘴(5)和中部出水嘴(18)，在中心套筒(16)靠近保护玻璃(20)的位置设有两个位置相对的保护气气孔(17)，中心套筒(16)下端为锥形；所述喷嘴部分包括锥形喷嘴芯(14)、进粉套(9)、进气套(10)、水冷套(11)、环形筛孔板(15)，锥形喷嘴芯(14)上端与中心套筒(16)下端通过螺纹配合连接，在锥形喷嘴芯(14)和中心套筒(16)下端外侧依次设有进粉套(9)、进气套(10)、水冷套(11)，进粉套(9)、进气套(10)、水冷套(11)的上半段均为圆筒形，下半段均为锥形，进粉套(9)上端与中心套筒(16)通过螺纹配合连接，进粉套(9)上端设有进粉嘴(6)，进粉套(9)下端与中心套筒(16)下端之间设有环形筛孔板(15)，环形筛孔板(15)上设有出粉小孔(21)，进气套(10)上端与进粉套(9)上端通过螺纹配合连接，进气套(10)上端设有进气嘴(7)，水冷套(11)上端与进气套(10)上端通过焊接固定，水冷套(11)上端设有上部出水嘴(8)，水冷套(11)下端设有下部进水嘴(13)和弧形挡板(22)。
  2. 根据权力要求1所述的一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，其特征在于：所述滑动套筒(3)上端伸入连接套筒(1)内并可沿连接套筒(1)上下滑动，在连接套筒(1)下端外圆均布多个螺孔，螺孔内穿入对中螺钉(2)，通过对中螺钉(2)夹紧滑动套筒(3)并使滑动套筒(3)与上连接套筒(1)保持同心。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，其特征在于：所述保护玻璃(20)外圆与保护玻璃水冷套(4)之间设有密封圈(19)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，其特征在于：所述锥形喷嘴芯(14)上端的内表面与中心套筒(16)下端的内表面平滑过渡，锥形喷嘴芯(14)上端的外缘与中心套筒(16)下端的外缘之间留有环形缺口，所述环形筛孔板(15)的内圈边缘部分卡入该环形缺口内。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，其特征在于：所述水冷套(11)与进气套(10)之间由上至下设有多个相互交错的导流挡板(12)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，其特征在于：所述进粉嘴(6)和进气嘴(7)均环绕中心套筒(16)设置多个。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，其特征在于：所述进粉嘴(6)和进气嘴(7)的数量相同并且位置一一对应。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内置筛孔式环形激光熔覆喷嘴，其特征在于：所述出粉小孔(21)的直径大于等于0.2mm并且小于等于3mm。
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