WO2018227673A1 - 一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法 - Google Patents

一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法 Download PDF

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WO2018227673A1
WO2018227673A1 PCT/CN2017/091661 CN2017091661W WO2018227673A1 WO 2018227673 A1 WO2018227673 A1 WO 2018227673A1 CN 2017091661 W CN2017091661 W CN 2017091661W WO 2018227673 A1 WO2018227673 A1 WO 2018227673A1
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state
state transition
component
polymorphic
probability
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丁一
加鹤萍
刘瀚琳
彭锐
宋永华
郭创新
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
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    • G06N5/022Knowledge engineering; Knowledge acquisition
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N20/00Machine learning
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/11Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
    • G06F17/13Differential equations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N5/00Computing arrangements using knowledge-based models
    • G06N5/01Dynamic search techniques; Heuristics; Dynamic trees; Branch-and-bound
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06NCOMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N7/00Computing arrangements based on specific mathematical models
    • G06N7/01Probabilistic graphical models, e.g. probabilistic networks

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  • the invention belongs to the field of reliability analysis of complex engineering systems, and particularly relates to a method for reliability analysis and calculation of backup systems based on polymorphic decision diagrams, and uses multi-state decision diagram method to perform operational reliability analysis on engineering systems with spare components. And calculations.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a standby system reliability analysis and calculation method based on a polymorphic decision diagram for a standby system including polymorphic elements.
  • the method of the invention first establishes a polymorphic system model containing spare components, and establishes a multi-state decision diagram of the system in which state transition occurs according to the capacity of the different states of the components and the requirements of the system.
  • the integral expression of the probability of each branch in the path of the system polymorphic decision graph is obtained by using the integral running algorithm, and then multiplying the occurrence probability of the root node, and considering the standby The component fails to start, and the probability of occurrence of each path is obtained.
  • each path in the system polymorphic decision graph is added to obtain the reliability of the system.
  • the method of the invention can be implemented automatically by programming.
  • the invention has certain guiding significance for the theoretical analysis of the reliability analysis of the standby polymorphic system, and provides a scientific basis for better analyzing and evaluating the reliability of the legal system including the standby system composed of the state transition obeying the randomly distributed polymorphic components.
  • the step 1) specifically constructs the following polymorphic system model:
  • the operating modes of the respective components are set as follows: the first k components A i are in the running mode, and the (Nk) components A i are in the standby mode. k satisfies the sum of the capacity of the first k components greater than or equal to the system capacity requirement D, and the sum of the capacity of the first (k-1) components is less than the requirement of the system capacity requirement D.
  • the model Since the method analyzes the reliability of the system during operation and takes into account the unmaintainability of the components during operation, the model does not consider component maintenance.
  • the state transition of the components in the system adopts the following settings: setting a state transition of a component as a state transition of the system, so that each time a state transition occurs, only one component has a state transition, and each state transition occurs in the system.
  • a state transition occurs every time a state transition occurs from the current numbered state to the next numbered state.
  • the state transition of each component in the establishment of the polymorphic decision graph requires that the capacity of all components that are already in the operating mode be added not less than the system capacity requirement D.
  • the capacity of each component in their current state is added as the current available capacity of the system.
  • the number of components in the operating mode and the number of components in the standby mode are related to the system capacity requirement D.
  • the necessary condition is to make all the devices in operation.
  • the capacity of all components of the mode is added not less than the system capacity requirement D. If the sum of the capacities of all the components in the running mode after the state transition is less than the system capacity requirement D, the components in the standby mode need to be started to be converted into the operating mode in the order of number. And the working mode can only be converted from the standby mode to the running mode in one direction.
  • the following data is recorded: the component number where the state transition occurred and The state of the component before the state transition occurs and the start time of the state, the component number in the standby mode that the system needs to start after the state transition, the state in which the component is started, and the start time of the state.
  • the initial running time of the system is set to t 0 , the time when the h-th state transition occurs is t h , and t 0 ⁇ t 1 ⁇ ... ⁇ t h ⁇ ..., all components of the system initial time
  • the integrated state is the root node of the polymorphic decision graph.
  • the integrated state of all the possible components after the state transition occurs is used as the node of the polymorphic decision graph.
  • the state transition between the nodes is used as the branch, and the consecutive branches are connected to form the path.
  • the polymorphic decision graph is specifically established in the following manner:
  • the system state in which the state transition has not occurred is the root node of the polymorphic decision graph, and the root node is the best state of the system.
  • the available capacity SC 0 of the system is:
  • the isomorphic subtrees need to be merged to simplify the system polymorphic decision graph, that is, if the state transition information of the two nodes is the same, the two points may be pointed The edge of the node is merged, that is, the calculation after the state transition is only needed once.
  • the state transition information is the same as the time when the state transition occurs, the component where the state transition occurs, the state of the component before the state transition and the start time of the state, the component state in the standby mode to be activated after the state transition, and the The start times of the states are the same.
  • the probability that the e-path of the polymorphic decision graph appears is the probability of occurrence of the branch passing by the path.
  • the product is then multiplied by the probability of the root node appearing.
  • the nodes in the system polymorphic decision graph are divided into two categories: the first type has a component state transition and no spare component starts, and the second class has a component state transition and a spare component starts.
  • the component A i is classified into three types according to whether the initial working mode and the subsequent working mode are changed, and the components are in the operating mode at the initial moment. a component that is initially in standby mode and always in standby mode And the component that is in standby mode at the initial moment and then starts to transition to the operating mode
  • the first k components A i are in the running mode, expressed as The latter (Nk) elements A i are in the standby mode, and are classified into two types according to whether the standby mode is activated or not, and are respectively represented as with The letter y in the above indicates initial operation mode, s indicates always standby mode, and o indicates initial conversion mode to operation mode.
  • the state transition process may be expressed as The specific meaning is: a component that represents the operating mode at the time of initial system operation From state Transfer to state Indicates the component in standby mode when the system is initially running From state Transfer to state (In this case, the system does not need to be in the standby mode to start the component) Indicates the component that initiates the transition to run mode after the system is initially running in standby mode and after the state transition From state Transfer to state (This situation does not occur in the first state transition of the system);
  • Branch road Probability of occurrence Calculated using the following formula:
  • T is the system running time
  • t h-1 is the time when the system has the last state transition (0 ⁇ t 1 ⁇ ... ⁇ t h-1 ⁇ t h ⁇ T)
  • t p is the component In state Start time, Component From state Transfer to state Cumulative distribution function, where (t h -t p ) represents the time difference between the time when the system has the hth state transition and the time when the system is in the state transition state.
  • Representation component From state Transfer to state Reliability function Representation component From state Transfer to state Reliability function
  • the reliability function, (Tt h ) represents the time difference between the system running time and the time when the system has the hth state transition.
  • (t h-1 -t p ) indicates the time when the system occurred the last state transition and the system occurred. Time difference between times of h-state transition; if state Component The last state, then
  • the state transition process may be expressed as The specific meaning is: component /element From state Transfer to state And there are r components in standby mode From state Boot to state
  • Branch road Probability of occurrence Calculated using the following formula:
  • Branch road Calculation method and branch The calculation is the same.
  • the probability P 0 (T) of the root node in the step 3) is:
  • k is the total number of components in the operating mode in the initial time system. Representing running components From state Transfer to state Reliability function, Representing spare components From state Transfer to state Reliability function.
  • the probability P e of the path of the e-th path is calculated by using the following formula:
  • the failure probability of the first spare element in the path of the eth is considered.
  • the probability P e ' of the occurrence of the e-th path after the failure probability of the standby element activation is calculated by the following formula:
  • L is the number of components in the e-th path from the standby mode.
  • the step 5) is to add the probability of occurrence of each path in the system to obtain the reliability of the system, and the formula is as follows:
  • P e ' represents the probability of occurrence of the e-th path after considering the failure probability of the standby element activation.
  • the polymorphic decision graph is decomposed, and the path of the same state transition number is formed into a subgraph (each layer is used as a subgraph); For each subgraph, the probability of occurrence of each path is added as the probability of occurrence of the subgraph, and then the probability of occurrence of all subgraphs is added to the probability of occurrence of the root node to obtain the reliability of the system.
  • the method of the invention takes the standby multi-state system as the object, and the programmable state transition obeys the arbitrarily distributed spare multi-state component, and has high precision and fast calculation speed.
  • the method of the invention can further improve the reliability analysis theory of the polymorphic system, and has important significance for the theoretical analysis and engineering application of the state transition obeying the arbitrary distribution polymorphic system reliability, and provides an effective technical approach.
  • the invention Compared with the existing analytical calculation method, the invention has the advantages that the method of the invention can process the reliability analysis of the system with the spare component, has a wider application range, and can directly realize the reliability analysis of the system by the program automation, and is not limited to the manual.
  • the integral formula for arranging the probability of occurrence of the path has a better effect in practical engineering applications and reliability calculation.
  • Figure 1 shows two cases of component state transitions, (1) indicating that the component has not undergone a continuous state transition, and (2) indicating that the component has undergone a continuous state transition.
  • 2 is a system polymorphic decision diagram of an embodiment.
  • 3 is an exploded view of the system polymorphic decision diagram of the embodiment, (1) indicates that the system has a state transition, and (2) indicates that two state transitions have occurred.
  • Figure 4 is a graph plotting the reliability of an embodiment system over time using two methods.
  • Figure 5 is a graph of system reliability considering the different startup failure probabilities of spare components.
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 There are three components (A 1 , A 2 , A 3 ) in the implemented system.
  • the status and capacity are shown in Table 1, and the system requirement is 15.
  • the time distribution of the component state transition obeys the Weibull distribution, and its parameters are shown in Table 2.
  • components A 1 and A 2 are in the operational mode and component A 3 is in the standby mode.
  • the activation failure probability q of the spare component A 3 is 0, 0.1, 0.2, respectively.
  • the reliability analysis calculation steps of the present invention are as follows:
  • the system polymorphic decision graph can be obtained as shown in Fig. 2. Since the re-state transition has not satisfied the system requirements, the system stops the establishment of the multi-state decision graph after two state transitions. In the figure, the system polymorphic decision graphs are numbered sequentially from left to right, and a total of 12 paths can be obtained. Nu indicates that no component occurrence state transition.
  • the numerical probability can be used to calculate the probability of occurrence of each branch.
  • the probability of occurrence of the root node P 0 (T) is:
  • the first branch Probability of occurrence for:
  • FIG. 2 needs to be decomposed into two sub-pictures, as shown in FIG. 3, respectively, corresponding to a state transition of the system (FIG. 3 (1)) System Two state transitions occur (see (2) of Fig. 3).
  • the probability of occurrence of the system polymorphic decision subgraph is obtained, and the probability of the root node is added to obtain the reliability of the system.
  • a graph of system reliability versus time is shown in Figure 4.
  • the results of the polymorphic decision graph are compared with the results of the Monte Carlo simulation method, as shown in FIG. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that as the system running time increases, the reliability of the system decreases. It can also be seen that the calculation result of the proposed method is correct.
  • the calculation time of the method proposed by the present invention is about 67.31 seconds, and the calculation time of the Monte Carlo simulation method sampling 100,000 times is about 326.16 seconds, thereby fully demonstrating the effectiveness and calculation of the proposed method of the present invention.
  • the superiority of time Considering the failure probability of the standby component when starting, Figure 5 is the system reliability considering the different startup failure probability of the spare component. It can be seen that the reliability of the startup failure probability of the spare component has a certain influence, and the probability is greater. The lower the system reliability.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法。建立含有备用模式元件的多态系统模型,根据系统中各个元件发生状态转移的可能性,建立多态决策图。通过系统多态决策图的建立、简化、分解,利用积分运行算得到系统多态决策图子图中每条路径出现概率,并考虑备用元件启动时的失效概率,计算多态决策图中每条路径出现的概率,从而计算系统的可靠性。本发明方法以含备用的多态系统为对象,可程序化处理状态转移服从任意分布的含备用多态元件,精确性高,运算速度快,对状态转移服从任意分布的多态备用系统可靠性理论分析及其工程应用具有重要意义。

Description

一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法 技术领域
本发明属于复杂工程系统可靠性分析领域,特别是涉及了一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,利用多态决策图方法对含备用元件的工程系统进行运行可靠性分析和计算。
背景技术
在工程系统中,为了保证系统的可靠性,通常会利用冗余技术,如热备用、冷备用、温备用等为系统增加备用元件。一旦运行元件发生故障,备用元件可以投入运行以保持系统的高可靠性。此外,元件也会存在多个离散状态值,呈现多态特性。现有的分析方法在分析多态元件构成的含备用系统时存在一定的局限性,解析方法如马尔可夫过程模型要求元件的状态转移服从指数分布,而二叉决策图方法仅能用来处理含两状态元件的系统;模拟方法仅能得到近似解,且一般需要较长的计算时间。因此,为更切合实际工程系统,对含多态元件且其状态转移服从任意分布的备用系统进行可靠性分析十分关键,对完善多态可靠性分析理论具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对含多态元件的备用系统,提供一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法。
本发明方法首先建立含有备用元件的多态系统模型,依据元件不同状态的容量以及系统需求,建立发生状态转移的系统多态决策图。通过系统多态决策图的建立、简化、分解,利用积分运行算得到系统多态决策图子图路径中每条支路出现概率的积分表达式,再乘以根节点的出现概率,并考虑备用元件的启动故障,进而得到每条路径的出现概率。最后,将系统多态决策图中的每条路径相加,得到系统的可靠性。本发明方法可通过编程实现自动计算。
本发明对含备用的多态系统可靠性分析理论分析具有一定的指导意义,对更好地分析及评估由状态转移服从任意分布的多态元件构成的含备用系统法人可靠性提供了科学依据。
本发明采用的具体技术方案包括以下步骤:
1)建立含有备用模式元件的多态系统模型;
2)根据系统中各个元件发生状态转移的所有可能性,建立多态决策图;
3)计算多态决策图中第e条路径出现的概率Pe
4)考虑备用元件启动时的失效概率,将多态决策图中第e条路径出现的概率修正为Pe′;
5)计算系统的可靠性Psystem
所述步骤1)具体构建以下多态系统模型:
多态系统主要由N个已按顺序编号的具有多态的元件Ai构成,i=1,…,N,i表示元件序数,N表示元件总数,第i个元件Ai具有Bi个已按顺序编号的状态以及运行模式和备用模式的两种模式;
状态所对应的容量按状态编号顺序依次递减,第i个元件Ai处于第j个状态下的容量为Ci,j,j=1,…,Bi,j表示状态序数;系统容量需求为D;
初始时刻,所有的元件均处于第1个状态,并且各个元件的工作模式按以下设定:设定前k个元件Ai处于运行模式,后(N-k)个元件Ai处于备用模式,所述的k满足前k个元件的容量总和大于或等于系统容量需求D,且前(k-1)个元件的容量总和小于系统容量需求D的要求。
由于本方法分析系统在运行时的可靠性,考虑到元件在运行时的不可维修性,本模型不考虑元件的维修。
考虑系统中各个元件发生状态转移的所有可能性,计算状态转移后系统可能的可用容量来构建多态决策图,直到发生状态转移后系统可用容量不能满足系统需求或系统中无能够发生状态转移的元件,则停止建立多态决策图。应该注意到的是,若系统中处于运行模式的元件发生状态转移,可能使得处于备用模式的元件启动到运行模式。
系统中的元件发生状态转移采用以下设定:设定一个元件的一次状态转移作为系统的一次状态转移,因此系统每发生一次状态转移仅有一个元件发生状态转移,系统每发生一次状态转移在多态决策图中增加一层元件每发生一次状态转移是由当前编号顺序的状态转移到下一编号顺序的状态。
多态决策图的建立过程中的每一次元件发生状态转移,都要使得已处于运行模式的所有元件的容量相加不小于系统容量需求D。
将每个元件处于各自当前状态的容量相加作为系统当前的可用容量,系统中处于运行模式的元件数量及处于备用模式元件的数量与系统容量需求D有关,必要条件是要使得所有已处于运行模式的所有元件的容量相加不小于系统容量需求D。若状态转移后所有处于运行模式的元件的容量总和小于系统容量需求D,则需将处于备用模式的元件按照编号顺序启动变换为运行模式。并且工作模式只能从备用模式向运行模式单方向转换。
系统每发生一次状态转移后,记录以下数据:发生状态转移的元件编号和 该元件在发生状态转移前的状态以及该状态的起始时间,发生状态转移后系统需启动的处于备用模式的元件编号和该元件启动时所处在状态以及该状态的起始时间。
所述步骤2)中,设定系统初始运行时刻为t0,发生第h次状态转移的时刻为th,有t0<t1<…<th<…,以系统初始时刻所有元件的综合状态作为多态决策图的根节点,以系统发生状态转移后可能的所有元件的综合状态作为多态决策图的节点,以节点之间的状态转移作为支路,连贯支路相连形成路径。
所述步骤2)中,多态决策图具体采用以下方式建立:
2.1)在系统的初始时刻t0,系统未发生状态转移的系统状态作为多态决策图的根节点,根节点为系统最好的状态,系统的可用容量SC0为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000001
2.2)在系统发生第一次状态转移后的t1时刻,系统发生第一次状态转移有(N+1)种可能,(N+1)种包括N个元件各自发生的一次状态转移或没有任何元件发生状态转移,故多态决策图的根节点演变有(N+1)个子节点,作为根节点下的第一层;构建从t0到t1的每条支路,各条支路下系统的可用容量
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000002
采用以下公式计算获得:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000003
其中,g表示系统发生第一次状态转移的可能性序号,g=N+1表示没有任何元件发生状态转移;
2.3)在系统发生第二次状态转移后的t2时刻,对于系统发生第一次状态转移后每一可能(根节点的每个子节点),系统再发生第二次状态转移同样有(N+1)种可能,故根节点演变得到的(N+1)个子节点再各自演变出(N+1)个子节点,构建从t1到t2的每条支路,各条支路下系统的可用容量
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000004
采用以下公式计算获得:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000005
其中,h表示系统发生第二次状态转移的可能性序号,h=N+1表示没有任何元件发生状态转移;
2.4)在系统发生第三次状态转移后的t3时刻及以后时刻,按照步骤2.1)~2.3)的规律方式进行类推计算,直到所有元件均已处于运行模式并且所有元件的可用容量总和小于系统容量需求D或已无元件能够发生状态转移(即所有元件的状态均达到最大编号),则停止建立多态决策图。
优选地,所述步骤2)具体实施时,需要对同构的子树进行合并以简化系统多态决策图,也就是说,若两个节点的状态转移信息相同,则可将指向这两个节点的边合并,即状态转移后的计算只需进行一次。所述的状态转移信息相同是指发生状态转移的时间、发生状态转移的元件、状态转移前元件所处状态和该状态的起始时间、状态转移后需启动的处于备用模式的元件状态和该状态的起始时间均相同。
所述步骤3)中,多态决策图的第e条路径出现的概率是由路径所经过支路的出现概率
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000006
的乘积再乘以根节点出现的概率得到。
将系统多态决策图中的节点分为两类:第一类为有元件发生状态转移且无备用元件启动,第二类为有元件发生状态转移且有备用元件启动。
如图1所示,第一类和第二类中,元件发生状态转移有两种情况:①元件未发生连续状态转移,②元件发生连续状态转移,连续状态转移是指至少连续发生两次状态转移。如图1的上图所示,tp和th-1时刻之间存在时间间隔,tp和th是非连续的,元件未发生连续状态转移。如图1的下图所示,tp和th-1是同一时刻,tp和th是连续的,元件发生了连续状态转移。
所述步骤3)中,元件Ai根据初始的工作模式和之后工作模式是否发生改变的情况分为三类,分别为初始时刻处于运行模式的元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000007
初始时刻处于备用模式并始终处于备用模式的元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000008
和初始时刻处于备用模式并之后启动转变为运行模式的元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000009
即在系统初始时刻,前k个元件Ai处于运行模式,表示为
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000010
后(N-k)个元件Ai处于备用模式,并且根据备用模式是否启动变换为运行模式分为两类,分别表示为
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000012
上述中的字母y表示初始为运行模式,s表示始终备用模式,o表示初始备用模式转换为运行模式
然后采用以下方式计算支路的出现概率
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000013
(1)在th时刻,对于有元件发生状态转移且无备用元件启动的情况(第一类节点),发生状态转移过程可能表示为
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000014
具体含义为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000015
表示系统初始运行时在运行模式的元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000016
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000017
转移到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000018
表示系统初始运行时在备用模式的元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000019
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000020
转移到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000021
(这种情况下系统不需要处于备用模式的元件启动),
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000022
表示系统初始运行时在备用模式且状态转移后启动变换到运行模式的元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000023
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000024
转移到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000025
(这种情况不会发生在系统第一次状态转移);
对应的状态转移过程分为三类支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000026
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000027
以支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000028
为例,支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000029
出现的概率
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000030
采用以下公式计算:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000031
其中,T为系统运行时间,th-1为系统发生上一次状态转移的时刻(0<t1<…<th-1<th<T),tp为元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000032
在状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000033
的起始时间,
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000034
为元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000035
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000036
转移到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000037
的累积分布函数,其中(th-tp)表示系统发生第h次状态转移的时间与系统发生状态转移时所处的状态的时间之间的时间差,
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000038
表示元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000039
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000040
转移到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000041
的可靠性函数,
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000042
表示元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000043
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000044
转移到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000045
的可靠性函数,
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000046
表示表示元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000047
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000048
转移到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000049
的可靠性函数,(T-th)表示系统运行时间与系统发生第h次状态转移的时间之间的时间差,(th-1-tp)表示系统发生上一次状态转移的时间与系统发生第h次状态转移的时间之间的时间差;若状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000050
为元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000051
最后一个状态,则令
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000052
支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000053
和支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000054
的计算方式和支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000055
计算方式相同;
(2)在th时刻,对于有元件发生状态转移且有备用元件启动的情况(第二类节点),发生状态转移过程可能表示为
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000056
具体含义为:元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000057
/元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000058
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000059
转移到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000060
且有r个处于备用模式的元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000061
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000062
启动到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000063
对应的状态转移过程分为两类支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000064
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000065
以支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000066
为例,支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000067
出现的概率
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000068
采用以下公式计算:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000069
其中,r为状态转移所启动变换的处于备用模式的元件个数,
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000070
为启动变换的第u个处于备用模式的元件在状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000071
的起始时刻;若状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000072
为元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000073
最后一个状态,则令
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000074
支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000075
的计算方式和支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000076
计算方式相同。
所述步骤3)中的根节点出现的概率P0(T)为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000077
其中,k为初始时刻系统中处于运行模式的元件总数,
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000078
表示运行元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000079
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000080
转移到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000081
的可靠性函数,
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000082
表示备用元件
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000083
从状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000084
转移到状态
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000085
的可靠性函数。
所述步骤3)中,采用以下公式计算第e条路径出现的概率Pe为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000086
其中,
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000087
为第e条路径所包含的第g条支路的出现概率,e=1,…,E,e表示多态决策图中的路径序号,E表示多态决策图中的路径总数,P0(T)表示根节点出现的概率。
所述步骤4)中,考虑第e条路径中第l个备用元件启动时的失效概率
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000088
采用以下公式计算考虑备用元件启动的失效概率后,第e条路径出现的概率Pe′:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000089
其中,L为第e条路径中从备用模式启动变换的元件个数,
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000090
为第e条路径中第l个处于备用模式的元件启动时的失效概率。
所述步骤5)是将系统中每条路径出现的概率相加,得到系统的可靠性,公式如下:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000091
其中,Pe′表示考虑备用元件启动的失效概率后的第e条路径出现的概率。
为了程序化实现本发明所提出的方法,在建立多态决策图后,对多态决策图进行分解,将系统发生相同状态转移次数的路径组成一个子图(每一层作为子图);对于每个子图,将其中每条路径的出现概率相加作为子图的发生概率,再将所有子图的发生概率与根节点的出现概率相加,得到系统的可靠性。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明方法以含备用的多态系统为对象,可程序化处理状态转移服从任意分布的含备用多态元件,精确性高,运算速度快。
本发明方法可进一步完善多态系统可靠性分析理论,对状态转移服从任意分布的多态系统可靠性理论分析及工程应用具有重要意义,并提供一条行之有效的技术途径。
本发明相比于现有分析计算方法,优势在于本发明方法能够处理含备用元件的系统的可靠性分析,适用范围更广,且能够直接程序自动化实现系统的可靠性分析,不需局限于手动整理路径出现概率的积分公式,在实际工程应用以及可靠性计算中具有更好的效果。
附图说明
图1是元件状态转移的两种情况,(1)表示该元件未发生连续状态转移,(2)表示元件发生连续状态转移。
图2是实施例系统多态决策图。
图3是实施例系统多态决策图分解图,(1)表示系统发生一次状态转移,(2)表示发生两次状态转移。
图4是利用两种方法计算实施例系统可靠性随时间变化的曲线图。
图5是考虑备用元件不同启动失效概率的系统可靠性曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明以下结合实施例及其附图作进一步说明如下。
本实施例如下:
实施的系统中有3个元件(A1,A2,A3),其状态及容量如表1所示,系统需求为15。元件状态转移的时间分布服从威布尔分布,其参数如表2所示。由元件容量及系统需求可知,在系统运行的初始时刻,元件A1和A2在运行模式,元件A3在备用模式。备用元件A3的启动失效概率q分别为0,0.1,0.2。
表1系统元件状态及容量
元件/状态/容量 1 2 3
A1 10 5 0
A2 8 4 0
A3 6 3 0
表2元件状态转移时间的威布尔分布参数
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000092
本发明进行可靠性分析计算步骤如下:
根据以上步骤,可得到系统多态决策图如图2所示,由于发生再次状态转移已不满足系统需求,故系统发生两次状态转移后就停止多态决策图的建立。图中,将系统多态决策图依次从左向右编号,可以得到共有12条路径,Nu表示无元件发生状态转移。
基于多态决策图,利用数值积分,可以计算得到每条支路的出现概率。
根节点的出现概率P0(T)为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000093
对于第①条路径中,第一条支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000094
的出现概率
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000095
为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000096
第二条支路t2{A2:B1→B2}的出现概率
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000097
为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000098
则多态决策图第①条路径的出现概率P1(T)为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000099
考虑到备用元件A3启动时的失效概率
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000100
将第一条路径的出现概率修正为P1′(T):
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000101
对于第⑩条路径中,第一条支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000102
的出现概率
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000103
为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000104
第二条支路
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000105
的出现概率
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000106
为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000107
则多态决策图第⑩条路径的出现概率P10(T)为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000108
由于第⑩条路径没有备用元件启动,故第⑩条路径的出现概率修正为P′10(T)
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000109
在图2中,可以看到,第12条路径的出现概率等于根节点的出现概率,即:
P12′(T)=P12(T)=P0(T)
通过类似步骤可以得到其他路径的出现概率,进而得到系统的可靠性Psystem为:
Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-000110
为了程序化实现本发明所提出的方法,在本实施例中,需将图2分解为两个子图,如图3所示,分别对应系统发生1次状态转移(如图3的(1))、系统 发生2次状态转移(如图3的(2))。利用数值积分方法,得到系统多态决策子图的发生概率,将其与根节点的出现概率相加,得到系统的可靠性。系统的可靠性随时间变化的曲线图如图4所示。为了证明本发明所提出算法的有效性,将利用多态决策图的计算结果与蒙特卡洛模拟方法的结果进行对比,如图4所示。从图4可以看出,随着系统运行时间的增大,系统的可靠性随之减小;也可以看出本发明所提出方法计算结果的正确性。
此外,将本发明所提出方法的计算时间约为67.31秒,而蒙特卡洛模拟方法采样十万次的计算时间约为326.16秒,由此充分说明了本发明所提出方法的有效性及在计算时间上的优越性。考虑到备用元件启动时的失效概率,图5为考虑备用元件不同的启动失效概率的系统可靠性,可以看到,备用元件的启动失效概率度系统可靠性有一定的影响,且该概率越大,系统可靠性越低。
最后应当说明的是,以上示例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制,尽管参照上述示例对本发明进行了说明,所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解;依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或同等替换,而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者同等替换,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤;
    1)建立含有备用模式元件的多态系统模型;
    2)根据系统中各个元件发生状态转移的所有可能性,建立多态决策图;
    3)计算多态决策图中第e条路径出现的概率Pe
    4)考虑备用元件启动时的失效概率,将多态决策图中第e条路径出现的概率修正为Pe′;
    5)计算系统的可靠性Psystem
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)具体构建以下多态系统模型:
    多态系统主要由N个已按顺序编号的具有多态的元件Ai构成,i=1,…,N,i表示元件序数,N表示元件总数,第i个元件Ai具有Bi个已按顺序编号的状态以及运行模式和备用模式的两种模式;
    状态所对应的容量按状态编号顺序依次递减,第i个元件Ai处于第j个状态下的容量为Ci,j,j=1,…,Bi,j表示状态序数;系统容量需求为D;
    初始时刻,所有的元件均处于第1个状态,并且各个元件的工作模式按以下设定:设定前k个元件Ai处于运行模式,后(N-k)个元件Ai处于备用模式,所述的k满足前k个元件的容量总和大于或等于系统容量需求D,且前(k-1)个元件的容量总和小于系统容量需求D的要求。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)是考虑系统中各个元件发生状态转移的可能性,计算发生可能的状态转移后系统的可用容量来构建多态决策图,直到发生状态转移后导致系统可用容量不能满足系统需求或系统中无能够发生状态转移的元件,则停止建立多态决策图。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:系统中的元件发生状态转移采用以下设定:设定一个元件的一次状态转移作为系统的一次状态转移,元件每发生一次状态转移是由当前编号顺序的状态转移到下一编号顺序的状态;将每个元件处于各自当前状态的容量相加作为系统当前的可用容量,若状态转移后所有处于运行模式的元件的容量总和小于系统容量需求D,则需将处于备用模式的元件按照编号顺序启动变换为运行模式。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:系统每发生一次状态转移后,记录以下数据:发生状态转移的元件编号和该元件在发生状态转移前的状态以及该状态的起始时间,发生状态转移后系统需启动的处于备用模式的元件编号和该元件启动时所处在状态以及该状态的起始时间。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)中,设定系统初始运行时刻为t0,发生第h次状态转移的时刻为th,有t0<t1<…<th<…,以系统初始时刻所有元件的综合状态作为多态决策图的根节点,以系统发生可能的状态转移后所有元件的综合状态作为多态决策图的节点,以节点之间的状态转移作为支路,连贯支路相连形成路径。
  7. 根据权利要求1或6所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)中,多态决策图具体采用以下方式建立:
    2.1)在系统的初始时刻t0,系统未发生状态转移的系统状态作为多态决策图的根节点,系统的可用容量SC0为:
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100001
    2.2)在系统发生第一次状态转移后的t1时刻,系统发生第一次状态转移有(N+1)种可能,(N+1)种包括N个元件各自发生的一次状态转移或没有任何元件发生状态转移,构建从t0到t1的每条支路,各条支路下系统的可用容量
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100002
    采用以下公式计算获得:
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100003
    其中,g表示系统发生第一次状态转移的可能性序号,g=N+1表示没有任何元件发生状态转移;
    2.3)在系统发生第二次状态转移后的t2时刻,对于系统发生第一次状态转移后每一可能,系统再发生第二次状态转移同样有(N+1)种可能,构建从t1到t2的每条支路,各条支路下系统的可用容量
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100004
    采用以下公式计算获得:
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100005
    其中,h表示系统发生第二次状态转移的可能性序号,h=N+1表示没有任何元件发生状态转移;
    2.4)在系统发生第三次状态转移后的t3时刻及以后时刻,按照步骤2.1)~2.3)的规律方式进行类推计算,直到所有元件均已处于运行模式并且所有元件的可用容量总和小于系统容量需求D或已无元件能够发生状态转移(即所有元件的状态均达到最大编号),则停止建立多态决策图。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)具体实施时,若两个节点的状态转移信息相同,则可将指向这两个节点的边合并,即状态转移后的计算只需进行一次。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中,多态决策图的第e条路径出现的概率是由路径所经过支路的出现概率
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100006
    的乘积再乘以根节点出现的概率得到。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中,元件Ai根据初始的工作模式和之后工作模式是否发生改变的情况分为三类,分别为初始时刻处于运行模式的元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100007
    初始时刻处于备用模式并始终处于备用模式的元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100008
    和初始时刻处于备用模式并之后启动转变为运行模式的元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100009
    然后采用以下方式计算支路的出现概率
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100010
    (1)在th时刻,对于有元件发生状态转移且无备用元件启动的情况,发生状态转移过程可能表示为
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100011
    具体含义为:
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100012
    表示系统初始运行时在运行模式的元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100013
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100014
    转移到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100015
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100016
    表示系统初始运行时在备用模式的元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100017
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100018
    转移到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100019
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100020
    表示系统初始运行时在备用模式且状态转移后启动变换到运行模式的元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100021
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100022
    转移到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100023
    对应的状态转移过程分为三类支路
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100024
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100025
    支路
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100026
    出现的概率
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100027
    采用以下公式计算:
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100028
    其中,T为系统运行时间,th-1为系统发生上一次状态转移的时刻(0<t1<…<th-1<th<T),tp为元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100029
    在状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100030
    的起始时间,
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100031
    为元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100032
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100033
    转移到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100034
    的累积分布函数,其中(th-tp)表示系统发生第h次状态转移的时间与系统发生状态转移时所处的状态的时间之间的时间差,
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100035
    表示元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100036
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100037
    转移到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100038
    的可靠性函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100039
    表示元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100040
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100041
    转移到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100042
    的可靠性函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100043
    表示表示元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100044
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100045
    转移到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100046
    的可靠性函数,(T-th)表示系统运行时间与系统发生第h次状态转移的时间之间的时间差,(th-1-tp)表示系统发生上一次状态转移的时间与系统发生第h次状态转移的时间之间的时间差;
    支路
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100047
    和支路
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100048
    的计算方式和支路
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100049
    计算方式相同;
    (2)在th时刻,对于有元件发生状态转移且有备用元件启动的情况,发生状态转移过程可能表示为
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100050
    具体含义为:元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100051
    /元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100052
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100053
    转移到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100054
    且有r个处于备用模式的元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100055
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100056
    启动到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100057
    对应的状态转移过程分为两类支路
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100058
    支路
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100060
    出现的概率
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100061
    采用以下公式计算:
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100062
    其中,r为状态转移所启动变换的处于备用模式的元件个数,
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100063
    为启动变换的第u个处于备用模式的元件在状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100064
    的起始时刻;
    支路
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100065
    的计算方式和支路
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100066
    计算方式相同。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中的根节点出现的概率P0(T)为:
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100067
    其中,k为初始时刻系统中处于运行模式的元件总数,
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100068
    表示运行元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100069
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100070
    转移到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100071
    的可靠性函数,
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100072
    表示备用元件
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100073
    从状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100074
    转移到状态
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100075
    的可靠性函数。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)中,采用以下公式计算第e条路径出现的概率Pe为:
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100076
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100077
    为第e条路径所包含的第g条支路的出现概率,e=1,…,E,e表示多态决策图中的路径序号,E表示多态决策图中的路径总数,P0(T)表示根节点出现的概率。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤4)中,采用以下公式计算考虑备用元件启动的失效概率后,第e条路径出现的概率Pe′:
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100078
    其中,L为第e条路径中从备用模式启动变换的元件个数,
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100079
    为第e条路径中第l个处于备用模式的元件启动时的失效概率。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:所述步骤5)是将系统中每条路径出现的概率相加,得到系统的可靠性,公式如下:
    Figure PCTCN2017091661-appb-100080
    其中,Pe′表示考虑备用元件启动的失效概率后的第e条路径出现的概率。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于多态决策图的含备用系统可靠性分析计算方法,其特征在于:在建立多态决策图后,对多态决策图进行分解,将系统发生相同状态转移次数的路径组成一个子图;对于每个子图,将其中每条路径的出现概率相加作为子图的发生概率,再将所有子图的发生概率与根节点的出现概率相加,得到系统的可靠性。
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