WO2018210331A1 - 一种两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置 - Google Patents

一种两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018210331A1
WO2018210331A1 PCT/CN2018/087466 CN2018087466W WO2018210331A1 WO 2018210331 A1 WO2018210331 A1 WO 2018210331A1 CN 2018087466 W CN2018087466 W CN 2018087466W WO 2018210331 A1 WO2018210331 A1 WO 2018210331A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concentrator
primary
tube
solar energy
light
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PCT/CN2018/087466
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪城
朱晔
Original Assignee
常州大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710363000.1A external-priority patent/CN107166757A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710351785.0A external-priority patent/CN107178915A/zh
Application filed by 常州大学 filed Critical 常州大学
Priority to US16/614,375 priority Critical patent/US11692740B2/en
Publication of WO2018210331A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018210331A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
    • F24S2023/872—Assemblies of spaced reflective elements on common support, e.g. Fresnel reflectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of solar energy collection with high photothermal conversion efficiency, in particular to a solar energy collection device with two points focusing.
  • Solar photothermal conversion pathways are mainly divided into direct absorption and indirect absorption.
  • the direct absorption type uses the heat transfer medium to directly absorb the solar radiation, and the temperature of the medium is increased to realize the photothermal conversion; while the indirect absorption type absorbs the solar radiation by the light absorption coating, and the heat is transferred to the heat carrier medium after the coating temperature is raised, thereby Increase the temperature of the medium to achieve photothermal conversion. Both have usage and research cases.
  • direct absorption solar thermal conversion does not require an endothermic coating, which is beneficial to the durability of the collector; at the same time, the internal temperature of the heat transfer medium is uniform, reducing the stress on the structure, and reducing the manufacturing. And maintenance costs.
  • the invention adopts a direct absorption technical route.
  • the collector is a device that controls the optical path by reflecting parallel rays of radiation, increasing the heating power to the object, thereby increasing the temperature of the object. From the perspective of optical path control and focusing, there are two types of focusing and non-focusing; among them, the heating power of the focusing collector is larger than that of the non-focusing collector, and a higher heating temperature can be realized. For the focus collector, there are two main categories of line focus and point focus. Line focus is that parallel rays are focused into a line; point focus is that parallel rays are focused into dots.
  • the direct type is the use of the medium to directly absorb the radiant energy and convert it into the increase of its own temperature
  • the indirect method is to use the coating to absorb the radiant energy, and the temperature of the coating rises. After high, heat is transferred to the heated medium, which raises the temperature of the medium.
  • the direct absorption technology improvement scheme is mainly implemented to improve the concentrating ratio of the light incident path.
  • Different types of concentrators have great differences in the concentrating ratio; the convection ratio of the rotating parabolic concentrating collector is very high. , about 500 to 3000; the concentration ratio of the parabolic concentrating collector is about 20 to 80; the concentrating ratio of the linear Fresnel lens concentrating collector is about 6 to 30; the circular Fresnel lens
  • the concentration ratio of the concentrating collector is relatively high, about 100 to 1000; the concentrating ratio of the linear Fresnel mirror concentrating collector is about 15 to 50. Therefore, with different concentrators or concentrator combinations, the device also has a large difference in light collection efficiency.
  • This patent mainly collects and utilizes the light of this part, thereby improving the optical/photothermal efficiency of the device.
  • the present invention provides a two-point focusing solar energy collecting device, adding a secondary concentrator, and a secondary concentrator a rotating parabolic mirror or a circular Fresnel mirror, the collector tube is located between the secondary concentrator and the primary concentrator, and is located at a focus point of the secondary concentrator and the primary concentrator, wherein The primary concentrator also uses a rotating parabolic mirror or a circular Fresnel mirror.
  • the sunlight transmitted through the heat collecting tube can be reflected again to the primary concentrator, and then collected again to the collector, resulting in less light loss.
  • the collection efficiency is high.
  • a two-point focusing solar energy collecting device comprising: a heat collector comprising a primary concentrator and a heat collecting tube, the primary concentrator having a focusing point; a secondary concentrator having a focus point; and a bracket supporting the primary concentrator, the heat collecting tube, and the secondary concentrator; wherein the heat collecting tube is located at Between the secondary concentrator and the primary concentrator, and at a focus point of the primary concentrator and the secondary concentrator; wherein the primary concentrator adopts a circular Fresnel A mirror or a rotating parabolic mirror, the secondary concentrator employing a circular Fresnel mirror or a rotating parabolic mirror.
  • the heat collecting tube is ellipsoidal, spherical or square.
  • the heat collecting tube is a vacuum tube, including an outer layer tube and an inner tube, between the outer layer tube and the inner tube
  • the interlayer is a vacuum and the inner tube carries the energy absorbing medium.
  • the outer layer tube and the inner layer tube are both light transmitting tubes.
  • the outer tube is made of glass, PMMA or PC.
  • the inner tube material is glass, PMMA or PC.
  • a preferred embodiment of the two-point focusing solar energy collection device of the present invention further comprising: a solar tracking device.
  • the present invention adds a secondary concentrator, which is a rotating parabolic mirror or a circular Fresnel mirror, and the heat collecting tube is located between the secondary concentrator and the primary concentrator And at the focus of the secondary concentrator and the primary concentrator, the sunlight passing through the heat collecting tube can be reflected again to the primary concentrator through the secondary concentrator, and then collected again to the heat collecting tube. Less light loss and high heat collection efficiency. After the addition of the secondary concentrator, it can effectively prevent the erosion of the collector tube by sand, rain and snow, and effectively prolong the service life of the collector tube.
  • the heat collecting tube is divided into an outer tube and an inner tube, and the outer tube and the inner tube are both transparent tubes, so that the light focused by the circular Fresnel mirror can be absorbed by the collecting tube, and the unabsorbed light is absorbed. It will pass through the heat collecting tube to reach the secondary concentrator, convert it into parallel light, and be twice focused by the primary concentrator to be absorbed in the heat collecting tube, further improving the heat collecting efficiency of the solar energy collecting device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an optical path of a point-focusing solar energy collecting device for a rotating parabolic mirror enhanced rotating parabolic mirror according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view showing a point-focusing solar energy collecting device of a rotating parabolic mirror enhanced rotating parabolic mirror according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the optical path of a circular Fresnel mirror enhanced rotating parabolic mirror point-focus solar energy collecting device in a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a circular Fresnel mirror enhanced rotating parabolic mirror point-focus solar energy collecting device in a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the optical path of a rotating parabolic mirror enhanced circular Fresnel mirror point-focus solar energy collecting device in a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view showing a point-focusing solar energy collecting device of a rotating parabolic mirror enhanced circular Fresnel mirror according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the optical path of a circular Fresnel mirror enhanced circular Fresnel mirror point focusing solar energy collecting device in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a circular Fresnel mirror enhanced circular Fresnel mirror point-focus solar energy collecting device in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial structural schematic view of the heat collecting tube in a sixth embodiment of the two-point focusing solar energy collecting device of the present invention.
  • an embodiment or “an embodiment” as used herein refers to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation of the invention.
  • the focusing mode of the concentrator in the two-point focusing solar energy collecting device of the present invention is divided into a circular Fresnel mirror and a rotating parabolic mirror, in order to better explain the implementation and implementation of the device
  • the technical effect is that the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3 are specifically illustrated in different embodiments in the case of using a circular Fresnel mirror or a rotating parabolic mirror, respectively.
  • the primary concentrator 11 is a rotating parabolic mirror
  • the secondary concentrator 3 is a rotating paraboloid. A mirror, and both have a focus point.
  • the heat collector 1 includes a primary concentrator 11 and a heat collecting tube 12, the primary concentrator 11 is a rotating parabolic mirror, the secondary concentrator 3 is a rotating parabolic mirror, and the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary The concentrators 3 each have a focus point.
  • the opening of the primary concentrator 11 is larger than the opening of the secondary concentrator 3, so that no light is irradiated onto the primary concentrator 11.
  • the primary concentrator 11 is downstream of the secondary concentrator 3, that is, the primary concentrator 11 is below the secondary concentrator 3.
  • the above-mentioned "primary incident light” means that the light which is first contacted with the primary concentrator 11 in the apparatus under illumination conditions is distinguished from the light which is reflected by the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3. Since the new incident light is generated when the light is reflected, in order to more clearly describe the positions of the concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, the path of the "first incident ray" is used as a reference.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 is placed between the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, and the heat collecting tube 12 is simultaneously at the focus points of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 carries an energy absorbing medium.
  • the primary concentrator 11, the heat collecting tube 12, and the secondary concentrator 3 are both supported by the bracket 2.
  • the above-mentioned "energy-absorbing medium” may be water, ethylene glycol, heat transfer oil or ionic liquid, but is not limited to the listed ones.
  • FIG. 1 is a light path diagram of a two-point focusing solar energy collecting device of the present invention, in which parallel light is first irradiated on a rotating parabolic mirror of a primary concentrator 11, and the light passes through a primary concentrator 11
  • the focus of the rotating parabolic mirror is concentrated on the heat collecting tube 12, and the light transmitted through the heat collecting tube 12 reaches the secondary concentrator 3, and the secondary concentrator 3 converts the received light into parallel light, and is incident on a concentrated light.
  • the rotating parabolic mirror of the device 11 is again focused until the light is completely absorbed.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 is preferably a double tube, the inner tube has an inner diameter of 16 mm, the inner tube has an outer diameter of 20 mm, the outer tube has an inner diameter of 35 mm, and the outer tube has an outer diameter of 40 mm.
  • the absorption rate of the heat collecting tube 12 for single penetration of light is 0.8, the reflectance of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3 to the light is 0.92. If the device is not provided with the secondary concentrator 3, only the primary concentrator 11 is provided, and the efficiency of the device is 73.6%. In the present embodiment, the secondary concentrator 3 is employed, and the efficiency of the device is 88.6%. Therefore, after the secondary focusing using the device, the efficiency is improved by about 20% with respect to only one focus.
  • the size of the opening of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, and the corresponding focal lengths of the two, the size of the heat collecting tube 12, and the like are not limited to the numerical values in the embodiment, and the embodiment is merely illustrative. However, it is necessary to satisfy that the opening of the primary concentrator 11 is larger than the opening of the secondary concentrator 3, and the focal length of the primary concentrator 11 is larger than the focal length of the secondary concentrator 3, and the primary concentrating light is on the path of the primary incident ray.
  • the position of the device 11 is downstream of the direction of the incident light, and the secondary concentrator 3 is upstream of the direction of the incident light, that is, the primary concentrator 11 is below the secondary concentrator 3.
  • the above “primary incident light line” means that light which is first contacted with the primary concentrator 11 in the apparatus under illumination conditions is distinguished from light reflected by the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3. Since the new incident light is generated when the light is reflected, in order to more clearly describe the positions of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, the path of the "first incident light” is used as a reference.
  • a second embodiment of the two-point focusing solar energy collection device of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that: in the present embodiment, the primary concentrator 11 is a rotating paraboloid.
  • the mirror, the secondary concentrator 3 is a circular Fresnel mirror, and both the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3 have focal points.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 is placed between the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, and the heat collecting tube 12 is simultaneously at the focus points of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 carries an energy absorbing medium.
  • the primary concentrator 11, the heat collecting tube 12, and the secondary concentrator 3 are both supported by the bracket 2.
  • FIG. 3 is a light path diagram of a two-point focusing solar energy collection device according to the present invention.
  • the parallel light is firstly irradiated on the rotating parabolic mirror of the primary concentrator 11, and the light passes through the primary concentrator 11
  • the focus of the rotating parabolic mirror is concentrated on the heat collecting tube 12, and the light transmitted through the heat collecting tube 12 reaches the secondary concentrator 3, and the secondary concentrator 3 converts the received light into parallel light, and is incident on a concentrated light.
  • the rotating parabolic mirror of the device 11 is again focused until the light is completely absorbed.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 is preferably a double tube, the inner tube has an inner diameter of 16 mm, the inner tube has an outer diameter of 20 mm, the outer tube has an inner diameter of 35 mm, and the outer tube has an outer diameter of 40 mm.
  • the absorption rate of the heat collecting tube 12 for a single penetration of light is 0.5, the reflectance of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3 to the light is 0.92. If the device is not provided with the secondary concentrator 3, only one primary concentrator 11 is provided, and the efficiency of the device is 46%. In the present embodiment, the secondary concentrator 3 is used, and the efficiency of the device is 79.8%. Therefore, after secondary focusing using the device, the efficiency is improved by about 73% with respect to only one focus.
  • the size of the opening of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, and the corresponding focal lengths of the two, the size of the heat collecting tube 12, and the like are not limited to the numerical values in the embodiment, and the embodiment is merely illustrative. However, it is necessary to satisfy that the opening of the primary concentrator 11 is larger than the opening of the secondary concentrator 3, and the focal length of the primary concentrator 11 is larger than the focal length of the secondary concentrator 3, and the primary gathering is in the path of the primary incident light.
  • the position of the optical device 11 is downstream of the direction of the incident light, and the secondary concentrator 3 is upstream of the direction of the incident light, that is, the primary concentrator 11 is below the secondary concentrator 3.
  • the above-mentioned "primary incident light” means that the light which is first contacted with the primary concentrator 11 in the apparatus under illumination conditions is distinguished from the light which is reflected by the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3. Since the new incident light is generated when the light is reflected, in order to more clearly describe the positions of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, the path of the "first incident light” is used as a reference.
  • a third embodiment of the two-point focusing solar energy collection device of the present invention is different from the second embodiment in that the primary concentrator 11 employs a circular Fresnel mirror.
  • the secondary concentrator 3 employs a rotating parabolic mirror.
  • the main body of the device includes a heat collector 1, a secondary concentrator 3, and a bracket 2, and the collector 1 and the secondary concentrator 3 are supported by the bracket 2.
  • the collector 1 includes a primary concentrator 11 and a heat collecting tube 12, the primary concentrator 11 employs a circular Fresnel mirror, and the secondary concentrator 3 employs a rotating parabolic mirror having a circular Fresnel mirror At the focus point, the rotating parabolic mirror also has a focus.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 is placed between the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, and the heat collecting tube 12 is simultaneously at the focus points of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 carries an energy absorbing medium.
  • the primary concentrator 11, the heat collecting tube 12, and the secondary concentrator 3 are both supported by the bracket 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a light path diagram of a two-point focusing solar energy collecting device according to the present invention.
  • the parallel light is firstly irradiated on the circular Fresnel mirror of the primary concentrator 11, and the light is once condensed.
  • the focus of the circular Fresnel mirror of the optical device 11 is concentrated on the heat collecting tube 12, and the light transmitted through the heat collecting tube 12 reaches the secondary concentrator 3, and the secondary concentrator 3 converts the received light into parallel light.
  • the circular Fresnel mirror incident on the primary concentrator 11 is again focused until the light is completely absorbed.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 is preferably a double tube, the inner tube outer diameter is 35mm, the inner tube inner diameter is 30mm, the outer tube outer diameter is 60mm, and the outer tube inner diameter is 50mm.
  • the absorption rate of the heat collecting tube 12 for a single penetration of light is 0.65, the reflectance of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3 to the light is 0.9. If the device is not provided with the secondary concentrator 3, only one primary concentrator 11 is provided, and the efficiency of the device is 58.5%. In the present embodiment, the secondary concentrator 3 is used, and the efficiency of the device is 81.6%. Therefore, after secondary focusing using the device, the efficiency is improved by about 40% with respect to only one focus.
  • the size of the opening of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, and the corresponding focal lengths of the two, the size of the heat collecting tube 12, and the like are not limited to the numerical values in the embodiment, and the embodiment is merely illustrative. However, it is necessary to satisfy that the opening of the primary concentrator 11 is larger than the opening of the secondary concentrator 3, and the focal length of the primary concentrator 11 is larger than the focal length of the secondary concentrator 3, and the primary gathering is in the path of the primary incident light.
  • the position of the optical device 11 is downstream of the direction of the incident light, and the secondary concentrator 3 is upstream of the direction of the incident light, that is, the primary concentrator 11 is below the secondary concentrator 3.
  • the above-mentioned "primary incident light” means that the light which is first contacted with the primary concentrator 11 in the apparatus under illumination conditions is distinguished from the light which is reflected by the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3. Since the new incident light is generated when the light is reflected, in order to more clearly describe the positions of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, the path of the "first incident light” is used as a reference.
  • a fourth embodiment of the two-point focusing solar energy collection device of the present invention is different from the third embodiment in that: in the present embodiment, the primary concentrator 11 is circular.
  • the Fresnel mirror, the secondary concentrator 3 uses a circular Fresnel mirror, and both circular Fresnel mirrors have focal points.
  • the main body of the device includes a heat collector 1, a secondary concentrator 3, and a bracket 2, and the collector 1 and the secondary concentrator 3 are supported by the bracket 2.
  • the heat collector 1 includes a primary concentrator 11 and a heat collecting tube 12, the primary concentrator 11 adopts a circular Fresnel mirror, the secondary concentrator 3 adopts a circular Fresnel mirror, and two The circular Fresnel mirrors each have a focus point.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 is placed between the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, and the heat collecting tube 12 is simultaneously at the focus points of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 carries an energy absorbing medium.
  • the primary concentrator 11, the heat collecting tube 12, and the secondary concentrator 3 are both supported by the bracket 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a light path diagram of a two-point focusing solar energy collection device according to the present invention.
  • the parallel light is firstly irradiated on the circular Fresnel mirror of the primary concentrator 11, and the light is once condensed.
  • the focus of the circular Fresnel mirror of the optical device 11 is concentrated on the heat collecting tube 12, and the light transmitted through the heat collecting tube 12 reaches the secondary concentrator 3, and the secondary concentrator 3 converts the received light into parallel light.
  • the circular Fresnel mirror incident on the primary concentrator 11 is again focused until the light is completely absorbed.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 is preferably a double tube, the inner tube outer diameter is 35mm, the inner tube inner diameter is 30mm, the outer tube outer diameter is 60mm, and the outer tube inner diameter is 50mm.
  • the absorption rate of the heat collecting tube 12 for a single penetration of light is 0.65, the reflectance of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3 to the light is 0.92. If the device is not provided with the secondary concentrator 3, only the primary concentrator 11 is provided, the efficiency of the device is 59.8%, and in the present embodiment, the secondary concentrator 3 is used, and the efficiency of the device is 85%. Therefore, after secondary focusing using the device, the efficiency is increased by about 42% with respect to only one focus.
  • the size of the opening of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, and the corresponding focal lengths of the two, the size of the heat collecting tube 12, and the like are not limited to the numerical values in the embodiment, and the embodiment is merely illustrative. However, it is necessary to satisfy that the opening of the primary concentrator 11 is larger than the opening of the secondary concentrator 3, and the focal length of the primary concentrator 11 is larger than the focal length of the secondary concentrator 3, and the primary gathering is in the path of the primary incident light.
  • the position of the optical device 11 is downstream of the direction of the incident light, and the secondary concentrator 3 is upstream of the direction of the incident light, that is, the primary concentrator 11 is below the secondary concentrator 3.
  • the above-mentioned "primary incident light” means that the light which is first contacted with the primary concentrator 11 in the apparatus under illumination conditions is distinguished from the light which is reflected by the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3. Since the new incident light is generated when the light is reflected, in order to more clearly describe the positions of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3, the path of the "first incident light” is used as a reference.
  • a fifth embodiment of the two-point focusing solar energy collecting device of the present invention which is different from the fourth embodiment in that the device further comprises a solar tracking device 4, which is mainly used for tracking sunlight, so that The solar energy collection device is always in an optimal photothermal conversion state, and the specific form may be any existing solar energy tracking device as long as it can meet the tracking sunlight.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 is a straight tube, which may be ellipsoidal, spherical or square, that is, its cross section is elliptical, circular or flat.
  • the heat collecting tube 12 has a spherical cross section and has a pipe carrying an energy absorbing medium including a feed pipe 123 and a discharge pipe 124.
  • the meaning of the pipeline here is: one for carrying the energy absorbing medium, and the other for supporting the heat collecting tube 12 to be in focus of the primary concentrator 11 and the secondary concentrator 3 Point.
  • a sixth embodiment of the two-point focusing solar energy collecting apparatus of the present invention is different from the fifth embodiment in that the heat collecting tube 12 is a vacuum tube including an outer layer tube 121 and an inner layer tube 122.
  • the interlayer between the outer tube 121 and the inner tube 122 is a vacuum, and the inner tube 122 carries the energy absorbing medium.
  • the feeding tube 123 and the discharging tube 124 pass through the outer layer tube 121 and the inner layer tube 122, respectively, to reach the inside of the inner layer tube 122.
  • the angle between the feeding tube 123 and the discharging tube 124 is 0° to 180°, and in the present embodiment, preferably 0°.
  • the feeding tube 123 can be according to actual operation.
  • the angle with the discharge tube 124 can be selected between 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 135°, and 150°.
  • the outer tube 121 and the inner tube 122 are both light transmissive tubes.
  • the outer tube 121 is made of glass, PMMA or PC.
  • the inner tube 122 is made of glass, PMMA or PC.

Abstract

一种两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置，包括，集热器（1），其包括一次聚光器（11）和集热管（12），一次聚光器（11）具有聚焦点；二次聚光器（3），二次聚光器（3）具有聚焦点；以及，支架（2），支撑一次聚光器（11）、集热管（12）和二次聚光器（3）；其中，集热管（12）位于二次聚光器（3）和一次聚光器（11）之间，且处于一次聚光器（11）和二次聚光器（3）的聚焦点上。该太阳能收集装置通过增设二次聚光器（3），二次聚光器（3）为旋转抛物面反射镜或圆形菲涅尔反射镜，集热管（12）位于二次聚光器（3）和一次聚光器（11）之间，并处在一次聚光器（11）和二次聚光器（3）的焦点上，使光流失减少，集热效率高；且增设二次聚光器（3）后，可以有效防止风沙、雨雪等对集热管（12）的侵蚀，有效延长了集热管（12）的使用寿命。

Description

一种两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种光热转化效率高的太阳能收集领域，尤其涉及一种两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置。
背景技术
太阳能光热转化途径主要分为直接吸收式和间接吸收式。直接吸收式利用载热介质直接吸收太阳光辐射，介质温度提高，实现光热转化；而间接吸收式则利用吸光涂层吸收太阳光辐射，涂层温度升高后热传递给载热介质，从而提高介质温度，实现光热转化。两者各有使用和研究案例。和间接吸收式技术路线相比，直接吸收式太阳能光热转化无需吸热涂层，有利于集热器的耐久性；同时载热介质内部温度均匀，减少应力对结构的破化，可降低制造和维护成本。本发明所采用的是直接吸收式的技术路线。
集热器是通过反射面对辐射平行光线进行光路控制，增加对物体的加热功率，从而提高物体温度的装置。从光路控制和聚焦的角度，有聚焦和非聚焦两种；其中，聚焦集热器的加热功率大于非聚焦集热器，能实现更高的加热温度。对于聚焦集热器而言，主要有线聚焦和点聚焦两大类，线聚焦是平行光线被聚焦为线状；点聚焦是平行光线被聚焦为点状。
对于集热器中受热物体对于辐射能的吸收方式，有直接式和间接式；直接式是利用介质直接吸收辐射能转化为自身温度的升高；间接式是利用镀层吸收辐射能，镀层温度升高后，热量传递给受热介质，从而提升介质温度。
直接吸收式的技术改进方案主要是针对提高光线入射路径的聚光比来实施，不同类型的聚光器其聚光比有着很大差异；旋转抛物面聚光集热器的聚光比范围非常高，约500至3000；抛物柱面聚光集热器的聚光比范围约20至80；线性菲涅尔透镜聚光集热器的聚光比范围约6至30；圆形菲涅尔透镜聚光集热器的聚光比范围比较高，约100至1000；线性菲涅尔反射镜聚光集热器的聚光比范围约15至50。因此，采用不同的聚光器或聚光器组合，装置对于光线的收集效率也具有较大的差异。本专利主要针对该部分的光线进行收集和利用，从而提高装置的光学/光热效率。
发明内容
本部分的目的在于概述本发明的实施例的一些方面以及简要介绍一些较 佳实施例。在本部分以及本申请的说明书摘要和发明名称中可能会做些简化或省略以避免使本部分、说明书摘要和发明名称的目的模糊，而这种简化或省略不能用于限制本发明的范围。
鉴于上现有的中温太阳集热器单位成本较高，并且集热效率低的问题，本发明提供了一种两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置，增设二次聚光器，且二次聚光器为旋转抛物面反射镜或圆形菲涅尔反射镜，集热管位于二次聚光器和一次聚光器之间，并处在二次聚光器和一次聚光器的聚焦点上，其中，一次聚光器也采用旋转抛物面反射镜或圆形菲涅尔反射镜，通过本装置能够将透过集热管的太阳光，再次反射至一次聚光器，再次聚集到集热器，光流失少，集热效率高。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置，包括，集热器，其包括一次聚光器和集热管，所述一次聚光器具有聚焦点；二次聚光器，所述二次聚光器具有聚焦点；以及，支架，支撑所述一次聚光器、所述集热管和所述二次聚光器；其中，所述集热管位于所述二次聚光器和所述一次聚光器之间，且处于所述一次聚光器和所述二次聚光器的聚焦点上；其中，所述一次聚光器采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜或旋转抛物面反射镜，所述二次聚光器采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜或旋转抛物面反射镜。
作为本发明所述两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的一种优选方案，其中：所述集热管为椭球形、球形或方形。
作为本发明所述两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的一种优选方案，其中：所述集热管为真空管，包括外层管和内层管，所述外层管和所述内层管之间的夹层为真空，所述内层管载运能量吸收介质。
作为本发明所述两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的一种优选方案，其中：所述外层管和所述内层管均为透光管。
作为本发明所述两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的一种优选方案，其中：所述外层管材质为玻璃、PMMA或PC。
作为本发明所述两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的一种优选方案，其中：所述内层管材质为玻璃、PMMA或PC。
作为本发明所述两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的一种优选方案，其中：还包括太阳能跟踪装置。
本发明的有益效果：本发明增设二次聚光器，该二次聚光器为旋转抛物面反射镜或圆形菲涅尔反射镜，集热管位于二次聚光器和一次聚光器之间，并处在二次聚光器和一次聚光器的焦点上，能够将透过集热管的太阳光，经过二次聚光器的再次反射至一次聚光器上，再次聚集到集热管，光流失少，集热效率高。增设二次聚光器后，可以有效防止风沙、雨雪等对集热管的侵蚀，有效延长了集热管的使用寿命。集热管分为外层管和内层管，且外层管和内层管均为透光管，能够使经圆形菲涅尔反射镜聚焦后的光被集热管吸收，未被吸收的光会穿过集热管到达二次聚光器，转化为平行光，被一次聚光器进行二次聚焦，使其在集热管被吸收，进一步提高了太阳能收集装置的集热效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。其中：
图1为本发明的第一个实施例中旋转抛物面反射镜增强旋转抛物面反射镜点聚焦太阳能收集装置的光路示意图；
图2为本发明的第一个实施例中旋转抛物面反射镜增强旋转抛物面反射镜点聚焦太阳能收集装置的结构示意图；
图3为本发明的第二个实施例中圆形菲涅尔反射镜增强旋转抛物面反射镜点聚焦太阳能收集装置的光路示意图；
图4为本发明的第二个实施例中圆形菲涅尔反射镜增强旋转抛物面反射镜点聚焦太阳能收集装置的结构示意图；
图5为本发明的第三个实施例中旋转抛物面反射镜增强圆形菲涅尔反射镜点聚焦太阳能收集装置的光路示意图；
图6为本发明的第三个实施例中旋转抛物面反射镜增强圆形菲涅尔反射镜点聚焦太阳能收集装置的结构示意图；
图7为本发明的第四个实施例中圆形菲涅尔反射镜增强圆形菲涅尔反射镜点聚焦太阳能收集装置的光路示意图；
图8为本发明的第四个实施例中圆形菲涅尔反射镜增强圆形菲涅尔反射镜点聚焦太阳能收集装置的结构示意图；
图9为本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的第六个实施例中的所述集热管的局部结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合说明书附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
其次，此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例，也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。
由于在本发明的两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置中的聚光器的聚焦方式分为采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜和采用旋转抛物面反射镜，为了更好的说明本装置的实施方式及达到的技术效果，将一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3在分别采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜或采用旋转抛物面反射镜的情况下，在不同的实施例中做具体阐述。
参照图1和图2，本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的第一个实施例：在本实施例中，一次聚光器11为旋转抛物面反射镜，二次聚光器3为旋转抛物面反射镜，且两者均具有聚焦点。
具体的，集热器1包括一次聚光器11和集热管12，一次聚光器11为旋转抛物面反射镜，二次聚光器3采用旋转抛物面反射镜，且一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3均具有聚焦点。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，一次聚光器11的开口比二次聚光器3的开口大，从而避免没有光线照射到一次聚光器11上。且在初次入射光线路径上，一次聚光器11在二次聚光器3的下游，也就是，一次聚光器11在二次聚光器3的下面。上述的“初次入射光线”是指在光照条件下，首次与本装置中的一次聚光器11接触的光，与通过一次聚光器11、二次聚光器3后反射的光区别开。因为当光线经过反射后会产生新的入射光线，为了更为清楚的表述一 次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的位置，用“初次入射光线”的路径作为参照。
集热管12放置于一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3之间，并且集热管12同时处于一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的聚焦点处。
应当说明的是，集热管12载运有能量吸收介质。一次聚光器11、集热管12和二次聚光器3均通过支架2支撑。
需要说明的是，本实施里中上述的“载运有能量吸收介质”可以为水、乙二醇、导热油或离子液体等，但不仅仅限于列举出来的几种物质。
具体实施中，参照图1，图1为本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的光路图，在平行光线首先照射在一次聚光器11的旋转抛物面反射镜上，光线经过一次聚光器11的旋转抛物面反射镜的聚焦，聚集在集热管12上，经过集热管12透射的光达到二次聚光器3，二次聚光器3将接收的光线转化为平行光，入射到一次聚光器11的旋转抛物面反射镜，进行再次聚焦，直至光被完全吸收。
较佳的，当一次聚光器11的开口为400mm，二次聚光器3的抛物面的开口为100mm，此时，一次聚光器11的焦距为800mm，二次聚光器3的焦距为200mm，在本实施例中，集热管12优选为双层管，内管内径为16mm，内管外径为20mm，外管内径为35mm，外管外径为40mm。为更好的说明技术内容以及该技术方案产生的技术效果。并通过光线被集热管12吸收的不同效率进行阐明。
若集热管12对光线单次穿透的吸收率为0.8，一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的对光线的反射率均为0.92。若装置未设置有二次聚光器3，仅仅设有一次聚光器11，装置的效率为73.6％。而在本实施例中，采用了二次聚光器3，装置的效率为88.6％，因此，使用该装置进行二次聚焦后，效率相对于只进行一次聚焦提升约20％。
需要说明是，上述一次聚光器11、二次聚光器3的开口大小，以及两者相应的焦距，集热管12的尺寸等，不仅限于该实施例中的数值，该实施例仅为示意，但需要满足一次聚光器11的开口大于二次聚光器3的开口，且一次聚光器11的焦距大于二次聚光器3的焦距，且在初次入射光线路径上，一次聚光器11的位置处于入射光线方向的下游，二次聚光器3处于入射光线方向的上游，也就是，一次聚光器11在二次聚光器3的下面。上述的“初次入射光 线”是指在光照条件下，首次与本装置中的一次聚光器11接触的光，与通过一次聚光器11、二次聚光器3后反射的光区别开。因为当光线经过反射后会产生新的入射光线，为了更为清楚的表述一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的位置，用“初次入射光线”的路径作为参照。
参照图3和图4，本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的第二个实施例，该实施例不同于第一个实施的是：在本实施例中，一次聚光器11为旋转抛物面反射镜，二次聚光器3为圆形菲涅尔反射镜，且一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3均具有聚焦点。
集热管12放置于一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3之间，并且集热管12同时处于一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的聚焦点处。
应当说明的是，集热管12载运有能量吸收介质。一次聚光器11、集热管12和二次聚光器3均通过支架2支撑。
具体实施中，参照图3，图3为本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的光路图，在平行光线首先照射在一次聚光器11的旋转抛物面反射镜上，光线经过一次聚光器11的旋转抛物面反射镜的聚焦，聚集在集热管12上，经过集热管12透射的光达到二次聚光器3，二次聚光器3将接收的光线转化为平行光，入射到一次聚光器11的旋转抛物面反射镜，进行再次聚焦，直至光被完全吸收。
较佳的，当一次聚光器11的开口为400mm，二次聚光器3的抛物面的开口为100mm，此时，一次聚光器11的焦距为800mm，二次聚光器3的焦距为200mm，在本实施例中，集热管12优选为双层管，内管内径为16mm，内管外径为20mm，外管内径为35mm，外管外径为40mm。为更好的说明技术内容以及该技术方案产生的技术效果。并通过光线被集热管12吸收的不同效率进行阐明。
若集热管12对光线单次穿透的吸收率为0.5，一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的对光线的反射率均为0.92。若装置未设置有二次聚光器3，仅仅设有一次聚光器11，装置的效率为46％，而在本实施例中，采用了二次聚光器3，装置的效率为79.8％，因此，使用该装置进行二次聚焦后，效率相对于只进行一次聚焦提升约73％。
需要说明是，上述一次聚光器11、二次聚光器3的开口大小，以及两者相 应的焦距，集热管12的尺寸等，不仅限于该实施例中的数值，该实施例仅为示意，但需要满足一次聚光器11的开口大于二次聚光器3的开口，且一次聚光器11的焦距大于二次聚光器3的焦距，且在初次入射光线的路径上，一次聚光器11的位置处于入射光线方向的下游，二次聚光器3处于入射光线方向的上游，也就是，一次聚光器11在二次聚光器3的下面。上述的“初次入射光线”是指在光照条件下，首次与本装置中的一次聚光器11接触的光，与通过一次聚光器11、二次聚光器3后反射的光区别开。因为当光线经过反射后会产生新的入射光线，为了更为清楚的表述一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的位置，用“初次入射光线”的路径作为参照。
参照图5和图6，本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的第三个实施例，该实施例不同于第二个实施例的是：一次聚光器11采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜，二次聚光器3采用旋转抛物面反射镜。
具体的，该实施例中，装置的主体包括集热器1、二次聚光器3和支架2，通过支架2支撑集热器1、二次聚光器3。
集热器1包括一次聚光器11和集热管12，一次聚光器11采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜，二次聚光器3采用旋转抛物面反射镜，该圆形菲涅尔反射镜具有聚焦点，旋转抛物面反射镜也具有焦点。
集热管12放置于一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3之间，并且集热管12同时处于一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的聚焦点处。
应当说明的是，集热管12载运有能量吸收介质。一次聚光器11、集热管12和二次聚光器3均通过支架2支撑。
具体实施中，参照图5，图5为本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的光路图，在平行光线首先照射在一次聚光器11的圆形菲涅尔反射镜上，光线经过一次聚光器11的圆形菲涅尔反射镜的聚焦，聚集在集热管12上，经过集热管12透射的光达到二次聚光器3，二次聚光器3将接收的光线转化为平行光，入射到一次聚光器11的圆形菲涅尔反射镜，进行再次聚焦，直至光被完全吸收。
较佳的，当一次聚光器11的开口为600mm，二次聚光器3的抛物面的开口为150mm，此时，一次聚光器11的焦距为1200mm，二次聚光器3的焦距为300mm，在本实施例中，集热管12优选为双层管，内管外径为35mm，内 管内径为30mm，外管外径为60mm，外管内径为50mm。为更好的说明技术内容以及该技术方案产生的技术效果。并通过光线被集热管12吸收的不同效率进行阐明。
若集热管12对光线单次穿透的吸收率为0.65，一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的对光线的反射率均为0.9。若装置未设置有二次聚光器3，仅仅设有一次聚光器11，装置的效率为58.5％，而在本实施例中，采用了二次聚光器3，装置的效率为81.6％，因此，使用该装置进行二次聚焦后，效率相对于只进行一次聚焦提升约40％。
需要说明是，上述一次聚光器11、二次聚光器3的开口大小，以及两者相应的焦距，集热管12的尺寸等，不仅限于该实施例中的数值，该实施例仅为示意，但需要满足一次聚光器11的开口大于二次聚光器3的开口，且一次聚光器11的焦距大于二次聚光器3的焦距，且在初次入射光线的路径上，一次聚光器11的位置处于入射光线方向的下游，二次聚光器3处于入射光线方向的上游，也就是，一次聚光器11在二次聚光器3的下面。上述的“初次入射光线”是指在光照条件下，首次与本装置中的一次聚光器11接触的光，与通过一次聚光器11、二次聚光器3后反射的光区别开。因为当光线经过反射后会产生新的入射光线，为了更为清楚的表述一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的位置，用“初次入射光线”的路径作为参照。
参照图8和图7，本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的第四个实施例，该实施例不同于第三个实施的是：在本实施例中，一次聚光器11采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜，二次聚光器3采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜，且两个圆形菲涅尔反射镜均具有聚焦点。
具体的，在本实施例中，装置的主体包括集热器1、二次聚光器3和支架2，通过支架2支撑集热器1、二次聚光器3。
具体的，集热器1包括一次聚光器11和集热管12，一次聚光器11采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜，二次聚光器3采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜，且两个圆形菲涅尔反射镜均具有聚焦点。
集热管12放置于一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3之间，并且集热管12同时处于一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的聚焦点处。
应当说明的是，集热管12载运有能量吸收介质。一次聚光器11、集热管 12和二次聚光器3均通过支架2支撑。
具体实施中，参照图7，图7为本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的光路图，在平行光线首先照射在一次聚光器11的圆形菲涅尔反射镜上，光线经过一次聚光器11的圆形菲涅尔反射镜的聚焦，聚集在集热管12上，经过集热管12透射的光达到二次聚光器3，二次聚光器3将接收的光线转化为平行光，入射到一次聚光器11的圆形菲涅尔反射镜，进行再次聚焦，直至光被完全吸收。
较佳的，当一次聚光器11的开口为600mm，二次聚光器3的抛物面的开口为150mm，此时，一次聚光器11的焦距为1200mm，二次聚光器3的焦距为300mm，在本实施例中，集热管12优选为双层管，内管外径为35mm，内管内径为30mm，外管外径为60mm，外管内径为50mm。为更好的说明技术内容以及该技术方案产生的技术效果。并通过光线被集热管12吸收的不同效率进行阐明。
若集热管12对光线单次穿透的吸收率为0.65，一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的对光线的反射率均为0.92。若装置未设置有二次聚光器3，仅仅设有一次聚光器11，装置的效率为59.8％，而在本实施例中，采用了二次聚光器3，装置的效率为85％，因此，使用该装置进行二次聚焦后，效率相对于只进行一次聚焦提升约42％。
需要说明是，上述一次聚光器11、二次聚光器3的开口大小，以及两者相应的焦距，集热管12的尺寸等，不仅限于该实施例中的数值，该实施例仅为示意，但需要满足一次聚光器11的开口大于二次聚光器3的开口，且一次聚光器11的焦距大于二次聚光器3的焦距，且在初次入射光线的路径上，一次聚光器11的位置处于入射光线方向的下游，二次聚光器3处于入射光线方向的上游，也就是，一次聚光器11在二次聚光器3的下面。上述的“初次入射光线”是指在光照条件下，首次与本装置中的一次聚光器11接触的光，与通过一次聚光器11、二次聚光器3后反射的光区别开。因为当光线经过反射后会产生新的入射光线，为了更为清楚的表述一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的位置，用“初次入射光线”的路径作为参照。
本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的第五个实施例，该实施例不同于第四个实施的是：该装置还包括太阳能跟踪装置4，太阳能跟踪装置4主要用于 跟踪太阳光，使太阳能收集装置始终处于最佳的光热转换状态，其具体形式可以为任意现有的太阳能跟踪装置，只要能满足跟踪太阳光即可。
较佳的，集热管12为直型管，可以为椭球形、球形或方形，也就是其横截面为椭圆形、圆形或扁平方形。集热管12的截面为球形，并且具有运载能量吸收介质的管路，其中包括进料管123和出料管124。
应当说明的是，管路在这里的意义是：其一，用于载运能量吸收介质，其二，用于支撑集热管12，使其处于一次聚光器11和二次聚光器3的聚焦点处。
参照图9，本发明两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置的第六个实施例，该实施例不同于第五个实施的是：集热管12为真空管，其包括外层管121和内层管122，外层管121和内层管122之间的夹层为真空，内层管122载运能量吸收介质。
其中，进料管123和出料管124分别依次穿过外层管121和内层管122，到达内层管122内部。
较佳的，进料管123和出料管124的夹角为0°～180°，在本实施例中，优选为0°，在实际应用时，可以根据实际操作的情况，进料管123和出料管124的夹角可以在30°、45°、60°、90°、120°、135°和150°之间进行选择。
较佳的，外层管121和内层管122均为透光管。
优选地，外层管121材质为玻璃、PMMA或PC。
优选地，内层管122材质为玻璃、PMMA或PC。
应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：包括，
    集热器(1)，其包括一次聚光器(11)和集热管(12)，所述一次聚光器(11)具有聚焦点；
    二次聚光器(3)，所述二次聚光器(3)具有聚焦点；以及，
    支架(2)，支撑所述一次聚光器(11)、所述集热管(12)和所述二次聚光器(3)；
    其中，所述集热管(12)位于所述二次聚光器(3)和所述一次聚光器(11)之间，且处于所述一次聚光器(11)和所述二次聚光器(3)的聚焦点上；
    其中，所述一次聚光器(11)采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜或旋转抛物面反射镜，所述二次聚光器(3)采用圆形菲涅尔反射镜或旋转抛物面反射镜。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述集热管(12)为椭球形、球形或方形。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述集热管(12)为真空管，包括外层管(121)和内层管(122)，所述外层管(121)和所述内层管(122)之间的夹层为真空，所述内层管(122)载运能量吸收介质。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述外层管(121)和所述内层管(122)均为透光管。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述外层管(121)材质为玻璃、PMMA或PC。
  6. 根据权利要求3或4所述的两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：所述内层管(122)材质为玻璃、PMMA或PC。
  7. 根据权利要求1～4任一所述的两次点聚焦的太阳能收集装置，其特征在于：还包括太阳能跟踪装置(4)。
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