WO2018209719A1 - 微润驱盐管及其局部淡化盐碱地方法 - Google Patents

微润驱盐管及其局部淡化盐碱地方法 Download PDF

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WO2018209719A1
WO2018209719A1 PCT/CN2017/085667 CN2017085667W WO2018209719A1 WO 2018209719 A1 WO2018209719 A1 WO 2018209719A1 CN 2017085667 W CN2017085667 W CN 2017085667W WO 2018209719 A1 WO2018209719 A1 WO 2018209719A1
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salt
pipe
saline
micro
water
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PCT/CN2017/085667
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨庆理
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深圳市微润灌溉技术有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for micro-running salt-salting pipe and a method for partially desalinating saline-alkali, planting plants in a desalination area, so that the saline-alkali land can be normally planted and used.
  • Saline-alkali soil is a widely distributed soil type on the earth and an important land resource.
  • the area of saline-alkali soil in the world is about 955 million hectares, and China is about 99.13 million hectares, of which modern active saline-alkali soil is about 36.93 million hectares, residual saline-alkali soil is 47.87 million hectares, and potential saline-alkali soil is 17.33 million hectares.
  • Saline-alkali land is an important resource for cultivated land reserves in China. However, because the salt and alkali in this type of land are toxic and coercive to crops, they often need to be treated before they can be used for cultivation.
  • the advantage of the large water washing salt method is that the salt and alkali are completely separated from the soil, and the treatment effect can be maintained for a long time.
  • the large water pressure salt method is to soak the saline alkalinized land with fresh water, and then let the soaking water slowly infiltrate below the plough layer, so that the salt in the plough layer soil partially elutes and is carried away from the plough layer by the water.
  • the water consumption of large water pressure salt is about 30-50% of that of large water washing salt, and the geotechnical volume is small. It is the most commonly used method for controlling salt and alkali in drought and water shortage areas. However, the treatment of this method is not thorough. The salt that is pressed into the deep layer by water is returned to the ploughing layer under evaporation, and the salt is quickly returned after the treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to repeatedly control, and the people and the salt fight each year, never ending.
  • the guest soil method is to replace the soil on the saline-alkali land with the soil in other places, and the new passengers Planting on the soil. Although it is effective immediately after treatment, plants can be planted, but the soil will gradually salinize in the surrounding saline-alkali environment, and eventually the treatment effect will be completely lost.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a micro-running salt-salting tube and a method for partially reducing the saline-alkali field, and a semi-permeable membrane tube with a functional core material is selected as a micro-running salt-salting tube, and a semi-permeable membrane material can be used to form a one-way water flow in the soil.
  • the function creates the conditions for the directional migration of salt and achieves partial desalination of saline-alkali land.
  • the utility model relates to a micro-running salt-spraying pipe, which comprises a semi-permeable membrane micro-running tube made of a polymer material, wherein the micro-running tube is closed at one end and the tee is connected at the other end.
  • one end of the micro-running tube is specifically heat-sealed, and the copper-shaped annular clamp is stamped and deformed by a punch with a special mold, and the three-way is clamped in the Micro-running tube ends.
  • the method for partially desalinating saline-alkali of the micro-running salt-salting pipe the micro-running salt-salt pipe is buried in the land, and the three-way of the micro-running salt-salt pipe is connected by a water pipe to form an irrigation network, and the salt is driven in the micro-running salt Planting plants in the desalination area caused by the tube.
  • the method for locally desalting a saline-alkali salt of the micro-running salt-salt tube, and the method for locally desalinating the saline-alkali land by using a micro-running salt-salt tube is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the specification of the salt-expelling pipe is selected, and the length of the salt-driven pipe is greater than or equal to two-thirds of the depth of the root;
  • the hole depth is equal to the length of the salt-expelling pipe, and the salt-expelling pipes are inserted into the holes one by one;
  • the salt-producing pipe starts to supply water to the soil, and a cylindrical wetting body with the salt-promoting pipe as the axis is formed inside the soil.
  • the direction of the water flow in the moist body flows from the salt-salting pipe to the wet front, and the salt-alkali ions are carried. To the wet front;
  • the outflowing water has two functions: one is to continuously dilute the soil, and the high concentration of salt in the enrichment zone is reversely diffused.
  • the salt is returned to the desalinated area; the second is to irrigate the plants to ensure the normal growth of the plants.
  • a secondary salting method for treating secondary salting of the micro-running salt pipe is carried out as follows:
  • first-stage wet body punch a hole in the vicinity of the main root of each tree, embed a salt-expelling pipe, drive water through the salt, and form a cylindrical wetting body near the main root, which is called a first-stage wet body;
  • the salt at the original wet front is driven away from the tree to drive to the newly formed wet front;
  • the new wetted bodies formed by the secondary salt-salting pipes overlap each other to form a large-scale secondary wet body. As long as the secondary wetted body is large enough to be larger than the volume of the main roots of the fruit trees, the saline-alkali cannot cause harm to the fruit trees. After the salted land is partially diluted, the harm of salt to alkali to the fruit trees is eliminated.
  • the salt-expelling pipe of the invention is vertically buried in the saline-alkaline soil. After the water is filled inside, the water slowly penetrates into the outside of the pipe through the semi-permeable membrane wall of the micro-running tube.
  • the principle of the specific desalinated saline-alkali land is as follows:
  • the amount of water oozing can be accurately controlled by the pressure control inside the tube.
  • the oozing water first forms a wetting layer in the soil around the pipe wall, and the moisture of the wetting layer diffuses to the dry soil with lower water potential, so that the wetting radius is gradually enlarged, and finally a wetting body with a microscopic tube as a circular cross section is formed.
  • the soil moisture is the largest at the center of the circle, and the water potential is the highest. The farther from the center of the circle, the less the water content of the soil and the lower the water potential, the whole wet body is a center with a high center and a low circumference.
  • Concentric circular water potential field as shown in picture 2. Determined by the energy state of the water potential field, the water flow in the micro-running tube always flows from the center of the circle to the surroundings, and the direction of the water flow is unidirectional.
  • the transport of salinity and alkali ions in the soil is characterized by "salt with water.”
  • the water oozing out of the micro-running tube migrates and carries the salt in the soil to the circumference during the one-way flow. This process is equivalent to the soil at the center of the circle being gradually diluted by the one-way water washing.
  • the salt concentration in the circumference is increased during the flow of the saline soil water to the circumference.
  • the salt in the soil is continuously washed and continuously desalted under a continuous flow of water.
  • the salt content of the soil to be washed can be as low as the normal cultivated land level.
  • the unidirectionality of the water flow promotes the directional transport of the saline-alkali ions to the wet front.
  • the longer the time the more the migration.
  • the salt concentration at the wetting front is getting higher and higher, and finally the following results are obtained: the salt in the wet body formed by the water driven by the salt-salting tube changes from disordered to ordered distribution, and the salt is enriched at the wet front and within the radius of the wet front.
  • the soil is diluted. The soil outside the wetting front radius remains in the original saline-alkali distribution due to the absence of water disturbance.
  • the result is equivalent to a local desalination zone with a certain depth and a certain radius inside the saline-alkali soil.
  • the desalination zone is shaped like a flowerpot, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the depth of the local desalination zone is related to the length of the salt-expelling pipe used.
  • the radius of the desalination zone is related to the water supply time and the amount of water. According to different purposes, different sizes of salt-expelling pipes can be used to produce different sizes of parts on the saline-alkali land. Lighten the area. Because the soil salt content in the desalination area is already low, it can be used to grow various plants.
  • each salt-salting pipe can fade out a flower-pot type desalination zone
  • the method of using salt-salting pipes to control saline-alkali land can be very flexible and very simple. .
  • it is planned to plant 50 fruit trees per acre of land, and it is only necessary to design 50 partial desalination zones on the saline-alkali land according to the row spacing. No matter whether it is on the ground or on the hillside, it does not need to be grounded or trenched, and it will not damage the original topography and save a lot of geotechnical engineering.
  • the salt-flooding pipe can still remain in the original place as the irrigation water supply device for the new planting
  • the plants are irrigated, turning the well-managed saline-alkali land into a irrigated land equipped with an automatic irrigation system.
  • a salt pipe is used for many purposes.
  • the method of local desalination of salt-alkali land by salt-expelling pipe is suitable for the development of forestry or saline-alkali land greening and ecological environment transformation on saline-alkali land, and is used for planting single or single-cluster plants such as fruit trees, greening trees and landscape trees.
  • the main principle of the salt-salting pipe of the present invention for controlling the saline-alkali land is to utilize the effect of the unidirectional water flow generated by the semi-permeable membrane tube in the soil carrying the salt-alkali ion directional transport and fixed-point enrichment, and thus has the following technical features: 1) There is no selectivity for salt-alkali ions, as long as it is effective in water-soluble saline and alkali, it is a broad-spectrum treatment method. Can be used in a variety of different types of saline soils.
  • Partial treatment of saline-alkali soil by salt-flooding method is suitable for planting single plants with low planting density. It is suitable for the greening of saline-alkali land or the development of forestry and fruit industry on saline-alkali land.
  • the water consumption per unit area is about one tenth of that of large washed salt.
  • the present invention utilizes a polymeric tubular semipermeable membrane to produce a salt spray pipe.
  • the salt-driven pipe consists of three parts: a membrane tube, a tee and a clamp.
  • the function of the membrane tube is to form a one-way water flow in the soil; the function of the three-way is to connect the water pipe; the function of the clamp is to fasten the membrane tube and the tee into one body.
  • the salt-salt tube is used to partially dilute the saline-alkali land to restore the function of use.
  • the principle is that the one-way water flow released by the salt-salting pipe carries the salt-alkali ions in the soil to the wet front, and is concentrated at the wet front.
  • the result of this salt drive movement is to make The soil within the wet front is diluted and the salt is enriched at the wet front, and the concentration is increased.
  • the salt in the soil outside the wet front is not affected and remains intact.
  • the size of the partially desalinated area is related to the size of the selected salt pipe.
  • the diameter of the desaturated soil can be controlled by the system pressure and the water supply time. The higher the system pressure, the longer the water supply time, and the larger the volume of the desalinated soil.
  • the degree of desalination of the desalinated soil formed by the salt-expelling pipe is related to the amount of water consumed.
  • the desalination area formed by the salt-expelling tube eliminates the harm of saline and alkali, and can be used for planting tree plants to restore the use value of the saline-alkali land.
  • the salt-salt pipe is used to control the saline-alkali land, the water supply network system formed can also be used for irrigation, and the irrigation process consolidates the salt-washing effect, making "one-water use” and "never return salt” become the most prominent two technologies of this method.
  • Partially desalinated salt-salting pipes are suitable for afforestation in barren hills, greening of saline-alkali land and development of forestry and fruit industry using saline-alkali land.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the partial desalination of a salt-salting pipe of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the formation of a partially faded zone on a saline base in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a secondary salt drive salt of the present invention.
  • the invention relates to a micro-running salt-salting pipe, which comprises a semi-permeable membrane micro-running tube 1 made of a polymer material, wherein the micro-running tube is closed at one end and the tee 3 is connected at the other end.
  • a semi-permeable membrane micro-running tube 1 made of a polymer material, wherein the micro-running tube is closed at one end and the tee 3 is connected at the other end.
  • nano-micropores on the tube wall of the micro-running tube. After the tube is filled with water, the water penetrates slowly through the micro-holes, and the flux is proportional to the pressure inside the tube, which is precise and controllable.
  • the technical requirements for the manufacture of semi-permeable membrane tubes are as follows: the general-purpose polymer resin PE is used as the main material, and the wall thickness is 1 mm by the process of compound mixing, granulation, extrusion molding, cooling setting, drafting extraction, and coiling.
  • a semi-permeable membrane tube having a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 500 m per roll has a membrane flux of 4000 ml/m ⁇ d.
  • the one end of the micro-running tube is specifically heat-sealed, and the copper-shaped annular clamp 2 is stamped and deformed by a punch with a special mold to form the three-way card. Tight in the Micro-running tube ends.
  • the semipermeable membrane tube is cut into segments according to product specifications. The length of the pipe section starts from 20cm, and each additional 10cm is counted as one specification, up to 100cm per section, for a total of 9 specifications. Meet the needs of different sizes of roots from seedlings to large trees.
  • the segmented membrane tube is fed into an automatic heat sealing device to heat seal one end.
  • the method for locally desalting a saline-alkali ground of the above-mentioned micro-running salt-salt tube, and the method for locally desalinating the saline-alkali land by using a micro-running salt-salt tube is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the length of the salt pipe is equal to two-thirds of the depth of the root. If the root is buried deep for 60cm, the length of the salt-washing tube is 40cm.
  • the tee at the upper end of the salt-salting pipe is connected with the PE pipe of the water delivery, and the plurality of salt-expelling pipes are connected into a network as shown in Fig. 3, and one end of the network is connected with the water source.
  • the water source is opened, the salt-producing pipe starts to supply water to the soil, and a cylindrical wetting body with the salt-promoting pipe as the axis is formed inside the soil.
  • the direction of water flow in the moist body flows from the salt-salting pipe to the wetting front, and the salt-alkali ions are carried to the wet front.
  • the salt-promoting pipe maintains the water, and the outflowing water has two functions: one is to continuously desalinate the soil, the high-concentration salt in the enrichment zone is reversely diffused, and the salt is reduced in the desalinated zone; the second is to irrigate the plant and protect the plant Normal growth.
  • the secondary salinization treatment of the above-mentioned micro-running salt-salt tube is carried out by the method of the following steps: the soil of some old orchards is also subjected to secondary salinization due to climate change or improper irrigation and drainage. Invasion, the soil structure is destroyed by saline and alkali, the yield and quality of the fruit are getting lower and lower, and some even the life of the fruit tree is threatened. Since the old orchard has adult trees, it is different from the above methods in governance:
  • the first-stage wet body Column-shaped wet body, called the first-stage wet body. Because the root volume of the old tree is very large, the volume of the first-stage wet body is difficult to be large enough to contain. First, the hole is drilled near the main root of each tree, and a salt-expelling pipe is buried, and the salt is driven by water, near the main root. First, the degree of the whole root volume is formed, and the secondary wet body relay is required to drive the salt.
  • the membrane tube is placed in an automatic welding machine, and one end of the tube is heat sealed;
  • the other end of the tube is connected with the plastic tee, and a copper or stainless steel annular clamp is assembled, punched by a punch equipped with a mold, and the clamp is deformed and consolidated to form a salt-expelling tube.
  • apple trees are planted at a plant spacing of 4 ⁇ 3 meters, with 56 plants per acre.
  • the root depth is 60cm.
  • the soil salt content is 0.8%, which is a heavy saline-alkali land;
  • Holes are drilled with soil drill according to the specified row spacing, the hole diameter is 5cm, the hole depth is 40cm, and the number of holes per acre is 56;
  • the salt content in the wetted body When the salt content falls below 0.2%, it indicates that part of the soil in the saline-alkali soil has been diluted to the extent that it will not damage the fruit trees, and fruit trees can be planted.
  • Some parts of the saline-alkali land are desalinated to form a desalinated soil centered on the salt-promoting pipe, and trees are planted near the salt-salting pipe;
  • the water supply system will continue to maintain the water supply. After the water is released from the salt-salting pipe, on the one hand, the soil will continue to be lightened, and on the other hand, as irrigation water, the growth and development of the trees will be maintained;

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Abstract

一种微润驱盐管及其局部淡化盐碱地方法。盐碱地是我国重要的耕地储备资源。但是，由于该类土地中盐碱对作物有毒害与胁迫伤害，往往需要治理后才可用于耕种。目前国内外通用的治理盐碱地的方法有物理法、化学法及生物法等多种方法，但是其效果均不理想。该微润驱盐管包括高分子材料制造的半透膜微润管(1)，所述的微润管一端封闭，另一端连接有三通(3)。微润驱盐管埋于土地内，用输水管将微润驱盐管的三通连接在一起形成灌溉网络，在微润驱盐管造成的淡化区内种植植物。该装置应用于盐碱地的局部驱盐淡化。

Description

微润驱盐管及其局部淡化盐碱地方法 技术领域：
本发明涉及一种微润驱盐管及其局部淡化盐碱地方法，在淡化区种植植物，从而使盐碱地可以正常种植使用的方法。
背景技术：
盐碱土是地球上广泛分布的一种土壤类型，是一种重要的土地资源。全世界盐碱土面积约为9.55亿公顷，我国约为9913万公顷，其中现代活性盐碱土约3693万公顷，残余盐碱土4487万公顷，潜在盐碱土1733万公顷。盐碱地是我国重要的耕地储备资源。但是，由于该类土地中盐碱对作物有毒害与胁迫伤害，往往需要治理后才可用于耕种。
目前国内外通用的治理盐碱地的方法有物理法、化学法及生物法等多种方法，其中物理法主要有如下三种：
大水洗盐法
使用大量清水浸泡盐碱化的土地，使土壤中可溶性盐溶解于水中，然后将含盐水通过明渠或事先埋入地下的渗水暗管排出。
大水洗盐法的优点是使盐碱彻底脱离土壤，治理效果可保持的时间较长。但缺点很多：一是消耗大量的淡水，且洗水排出后二次污染；二是修明渠土工量巨大且占用土地，埋暗管虽不占用土地，但工程量更大，治理费用更高。
大水压盐法
大水压盐法是用淡水浸泡盐碱化土地，然后让浸泡水缓慢下渗到耕层以下，使耕层土壤中的盐部分洗脱，被水携带脱离耕层。
大水压盐的耗水量约为大水洗盐的30～50％，土工量小，是干旱缺水地区最常用的治理盐碱方法。但该法治理不彻底，被水压入深层的盐在蒸发拉动下重返耕层，治理后很快返盐，因此需要反复治理，人与盐年年缠斗，永无休止。
客土法
客土法是用其他地方良田中的土更换盐碱地上的土壤，在新运来的“客 土”上种植植物。虽然治理后马上见效，可以种活植物，但是客土在周边盐碱环境下会逐渐盐碱化，最终完全丧失治理效果。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种微润驱盐管及其局部淡化盐碱地方法，选用功能性核心材料半透膜管作为微润驱盐管，利用半透膜材料可以在土壤中形成单向水流的功能，创造了盐分定向运移的条件，实现了盐碱地的局部淡化。
上述的目的通过以下的技术方案实现：
一种微润驱盐管，其组成包括：高分子材料制造的半透膜微润管，所述的微润管一端封闭，另一端连接有三通。
所述的微润驱盐管，所述的微润管一端具体是热熔封闭，铜制环状卡箍被带有专用模具的冲床冲压变形后将所述的三通卡紧在所述的微润管端头。
一种所述的微润驱盐管的局部淡化盐碱地方法，微润驱盐管埋于土地内，用输水管将微润驱盐管的三通连接在一起形成灌溉网络，在微润驱盐管造成的淡化区内种植植物。
所述的微润驱盐管的局部淡化盐碱地方法，用微润驱盐管进行局部淡化盐碱地的方法按下述步骤进行：
(1)依据作物根体积的大小选择驱盐管规格，选驱盐管的长度大于或等于根埋深的三分之二；
(2)按种植规划的行株距确定驱盐管的埋设位置，驱盐管埋设处既是局部淡化区的中心处，也是作物的种植处；
(3)在驱盐管预设埋放的位置钻孔，孔深与驱盐管长度相等，将驱盐管逐个插入孔中；
(4)将驱盐管上端的三通与输水PE管插接，多个驱盐管连接成灌水网络，灌水网络的一端与水源相连接；
(5)开通水源，驱盐管开始向土壤供水，在土壤内部形成以驱盐管为轴心的圆柱体湿润体，湿润体内水流方向是从驱盐管流向湿润锋，并将盐碱离子携向湿润锋处；
(6)用电导仪随时检验湿润体内盐分变化情况，随时间推移，驱盐管附近湿润体内盐分越来越低，而湿润锋处盐浓度越来越高。当湿润体内电导率降至与当地标准农田相当水平，说明湿润体内土壤的淡化过程已完成，可用于种植植物；
(7)将植物栽种到驱盐管附近的淡化区内，驱盐管保持出水，出流的水有两个作用：一是对土体持续淡化，扼制富集区高浓度的盐反向扩散，扼制淡化区返盐；二是对植物进行灌溉，保障植物的正常生长。
一种所述的微润驱盐管的次生盐渍化治理二级驱盐方法，该方法按下述步骤进行：
a.首先，在每棵树主根的近处打孔，将一条驱盐管埋入，通水驱盐，在主根附近首先形成圆柱体湿润体，称为一级湿润体；
b.观察湿润体扩展情况并测定湿润体内盐碱度变化情况，当湿润半径足够大，且湿润锋处盐浓度已足够高，此时，在湿润锋内侧的若干个不同方向分别打孔并分别放入驱盐管，作为二级驱盐管：
c.在二级驱盐管形成新湿润体的过程中，将原湿润锋处的盐驱离树木更远，驱至新形成的湿润锋处；
d.由二级驱盐管形成的新湿润体相互连接重叠形成一个大型的二级湿润体，只要二级湿润体足够大，大于果树主要根系的体积，盐碱即不能对果树造成危害，次生盐渍化土地被局部淡化后，消除了盐碱对果树的危害。
本发明的有益效果：
1.将本发明驱盐管垂直竖埋于盐碱土中，内部充水后，水分通过微润管的半透膜管壁向管外缓慢渗透，具体的本淡化盐碱地的原理如下所述：
由于半透膜既是传质界面又是能量界面，通过管内压力控制可准确控制渗出水量。渗出水首先在管壁周围土壤形成湿润层，湿润层的水分向周边水势更低的干燥土壤扩散，使湿润半径逐渐扩大，最终形成以微润管为圆心横剖面为圆柱形的湿润体。该湿润体中，圆心处土壤湿度最大、水势最高，离圆心越远土壤含水量越少、水势越低，整个湿润体是一个圆心高、圆周低的 同心圆式的水势场。如图2所示。由该水势场的能量状态决定，微润管内出的水流永远是从圆心流向周围，水流的方向是单向的。
在土壤中盐碱离子的运移特点是“盐随水走”。微润管中渗出的水分在单向流动过程中，溶解并携带土壤中的盐分向圆周处运移。该过程相当于圆心处的土壤受到单向水流洗涤逐渐淡化。携盐土壤水向圆周流动过程中使圆周处盐浓度升高。随上述过程的持续，在定向水流作用下，土壤中盐分分布逐渐呈现出有序化现象，呈现出热力学第二定律的逆过程。
当以每天24小时的方式不停给水时，在持续的水流下土壤中的盐分受到不断的洗涤、不停的脱盐。离圆心越近脱盐程度越高，供水时间越长脱盐越彻底。当供水时间足够长时，可使被洗涤部分土壤的含盐量低至正常耕地水平。
当湿润体内的水流从微润管流向湿润锋时，水流的单向性推动盐碱离子向湿润锋的定向运移，时间越长、运移量越多。湿润锋处盐浓度越来越高，最终出现下述结果：用驱盐管给水形成的湿润体内盐分由无序分布变为有序分布，盐分在湿润锋处富集而湿润锋半径之内的土体被淡化。湿润锋半径之外的土壤由于没受到水的扰动，仍保持原盐碱分布状态。该结果相当于盐碱地内部造成一个有一定深度和一定半径的局部淡化区，淡化区的形状类似于花盆，如图2所示。该局部淡化区的深度与所用驱盐管的长度有关，淡化区的半径与给水时间及水量相关，可依据不同的使用目的，选用不同规格的驱盐管，在盐碱地上制造出不同尺寸的局部淡化区。由于淡化区内土壤含盐量已经很低，可用于种植各种植物。
2.本驱盐管局部治理盐碱地的技术特点包括：(1)由于每一支驱盐管可淡化出一个花盆型的淡化区，所以用驱盐管治理盐碱地的方法可非常灵活、非常简单。例如：计划在每亩地上种植50棵果树，只需按行株距设计在盐碱地上制造出50个局部淡化区即可。无论是在平地还是山坡，既不需要整地也不需要开沟挖渠，不破坏原地形地貌，节约大量土工工程。
(2)局部淡化完成后，驱盐管可仍保留于原处作为灌溉给水器对新种植 的植物进行灌溉，使治理好的盐碱地变成了配备了自动灌溉系统的水浇地。驱盐管一管多用。
(3)在对植物灌溉过程中，驱盐管中出流水的流动方向依然是从管流向湿润锋，该单向水流对土壤中残留的盐仍有淡化作用，但更主要的是扼制湿润锋处富集区高浓度的盐反方向扩散，使“永不返盐”成为驱盐管法治理盐碱地的最突出的技术特点。
(4)用驱盐管局部淡化治理盐碱地的方法适用于在盐碱地上发展林果业或盐碱化土地绿化及生态环境改造，用于种植果树、绿化树、景观树等单株或单丛植物。
3.本发明的驱盐管治理盐碱地的主要原理是利用了半透膜管在土壤中产生的单向水流携盐碱离子定向运移、定点富集的效果，因此具有下述技术特点：(1)对盐碱离子没有选择性，只要是水溶盐碱均有效，因此是一种广谱治理方法。可用于各种不同类型的盐碱地。
(2)局部盐碱的淡化程度随时间变化，时间越长，残留量越少。因此，只要处理的时间足够长，无论原先是中度还是重度盐碱地都可以降到标准耕地盐碱度。
(3)驱盐管法局部治理盐碱地适用于树木类种植密度低的单棵植物的种植。适用于盐碱地绿化或在盐碱地上发展林果业。
(4)治理过程无需进行土地平整，无需修建排水沟渠，节省大量土方工程，降低治理投资。
(5)单位面积的耗水量约为大水洗盐的十分之一。为水资源紧缺地区治理及利用盐碱地提供一条技术途径。较好的解决了淡化后土壤返盐问题。
4.本发明利用高分子管状半透膜制造驱盐管的方法。驱盐管由膜管、三通、卡箍三个部分组成。膜管的作用是在土壤中形成单向水流；三通的作用是连接输水管；卡箍的作用是将膜管与三通紧固成一体。利用驱盐管使盐碱地部分淡化后恢复使用功能。其原理是驱盐管释出的单向水流携带土壤中的盐碱离子向湿润锋定向移动，并在湿润锋处定点富集。这种驱盐运动的结果是使 湿润锋之内的土体淡化而湿润锋处盐富集，浓度升高，湿润锋之外土壤中盐分未受到影响，维持原状。部分淡化区域的大小与选用驱盐管的规格有关。选用相同规格的驱盐管时，形成淡化土体的直径可用系统压力和供水时间控制。系统压力越高，供水时间越长，淡化土体的体积越大。用驱盐管形成淡化土体的淡化程度与消耗水量有关，用水量越大，驱盐越充分，残留的盐碱量越小。正确控制消耗水量可使盐碱含量降低到达标土壤水平。根据权利要求二，用驱盐管形成的淡化区域内消除了盐碱的危害，可用于种植树木类植物，使盐碱地恢复使用价值。利用驱盐管治理盐碱地时，形成的给水网络系统也可用于灌溉，灌溉过程又巩固了驱盐效果，使得“一水两用”和“永不返盐”成为本方法最突出的两个技术特点。驱盐管部分淡化治理盐碱地适用于荒山造林，盐碱地绿化及利用盐碱地发展林果产业。
附图说明：
附图1是本发明的结构示意图。
附图2是本发明的驱盐管局部淡化盐碱地示意图。
附图3是本发明的在盐碱地上形成局部淡化区示意图。
附图4是本发明的二级驱盐示意图。
具体实施方式：
实施例1：
一种微润驱盐管，其组成包括：高分子材料制造的半透膜微润管1，所述的微润管一端封闭，另一端连接有三通3。微润管的管壁上有大量纳米微孔，管内充水后，水分通过微孔缓慢向外渗透，出流通量与管内压力成正比，精准可控。制造半透膜管的工艺技术要求，选用通用型高分子树脂PE为主要材料，经配方混炼造粒、挤出成型、冷却定型、牵伸萃取、卷取等工序，制成壁厚1mm、折径25mm、每卷长度为500m的半透膜管，膜通量为4000ml/m·d。
实施例2：
根据实施例1所述的微润驱盐管，所述的微润管一端具体是热熔封闭，铜制环状卡箍2被带有专用模具的冲床冲压变形后将所述的三通卡紧在所述的 微润管端头。按产品规格要求，将半透膜管剪切成段。管段长度从20cm开始，每增加10cm算作一个规格，直至每段100cm，共9种规格。满足从幼苗到大型树木不同规格根体积的需要。将段状膜管送入自动热合装置使一端热合封闭。
实施例3：
上述微润驱盐管的局部淡化盐碱地方法，用微润驱盐管进行局部淡化盐碱地的方法按下述步骤进行：
1.依据作物根体积的大小选择驱盐管规格。一般选驱盐管的长度等于根埋深的三分之二。如根深埋为60cm，选用驱盐管的长度为40cm。
2.按种植规划的行株距确定驱盐管的埋设位置。一般情况下驱盐管埋设处既是局部淡化区的中心处，也是作物的种植处。
3.用土钻在驱盐管预设埋放的位置钻孔，孔径5cm，孔深与驱盐管长度相等。将驱盐管逐个插入孔中。
4.将驱盐管上端的三通与输水PE管插接，多个驱盐管连接成如图3所示的网络，网络的一端与水源相连接。
5.开通水源，驱盐管开始向土壤供水，在土壤内部形成以驱盐管为轴心的圆柱形湿润体。湿润体内水流方向是从驱盐管流向湿润锋，并将盐碱离子携向湿润锋处。
6.用电导仪随时检验湿润体内盐分变化情况，随时间推移，驱盐管附近湿润体内盐分越来越低，而湿润锋处盐浓度越来越高。当湿润体内电导率降至与当地标准农田相当水平，说明湿润体内土壤的淡化过程已完成，可用于种植植物。
7.将植物栽种到驱盐管附近的淡化区内。驱盐管保持出水，出流的水有两个作用：一是对土体持续淡化，扼制富集区高浓度的盐反向扩散，扼制淡化区返盐；二是对植物进行灌溉，保障植物的正常生长。
秋季停水后，土壤逐渐干燥，盐分在干燥土壤内难以移动，所以富集区的盐不会反向扩散，不会返盐。况且，即使少量盐分发生反向扩散，第二年春季给水后，该部分盐也会很快被重新驱赶回富集区。所以，用驱盐管治理 的淡化区可长治久安、永不返盐。
实施例4：
上述微润驱盐管的次生盐渍化治理二级驱盐方法，该方法按下述步骤进行：由于气候变化或灌溉排水施肥不当等原因，一些老果园的土壤也受到次生盐渍化侵害，土壤结构受到盐碱的破坏，果品的产量和质量越来越低，有的甚至果树的生命都受到威胁。由于老果园已有成年大树，在治理时与上述方法有所不同：
a.柱形湿润体，称为一级湿润体。由于老树的根体积很大，一级湿润体的体积很难大到足以包容首先，在每棵树主根的近处打孔，将一条驱盐管埋入，通水驱盐，在主根附近首先形成圆全部根体积的程度，需二级湿润体接力驱盐。
b.观察湿润体扩展情况并测定湿润体内盐碱度变化情况。当湿润半径足够大，例如已达到60cm，且湿润锋处盐浓度已足够高。此时，在湿润锋内侧的四个不同方向打4个孔并分别放入驱盐管，如图4所示：
c.在4条二级驱盐管在形成新湿润体的过程中，将原湿润锋处的盐驱离树木更远，驱至新形成的湿润锋处；
d.由4个新湿润体相互连接重叠形成一个大型的二级湿润体。只要二级湿润体足够大，大于果树主要根系的体积，盐碱即不能对果树造成危害。次生盐渍化土地被局部淡化后，消除了盐碱对果树的危害。
实施例5：
本发明的应用案列如下所述：
案例一：驱盐管的制造方法
a.按技术要求制造驱盐管的核心材料高分子半透膜管；
b.将管状半透膜剪切成段。不同长度的管用于制造不同规格的驱盐管；
c.将膜管置入自动焊接机中，使管的一端热合封闭；
d.将管的另一端与塑料三通连接，并装配铜质或不锈钢质的环形卡箍，用装有模具的冲床冲压，卡箍变形后固结连接，制成驱盐管。
案例二：驱盐管的安装使用
a.依据设计，按种植行距X株距为4X 3米种植苹果树，每亩56株。根埋深60cm。土壤盐含量为0.8％，属重度盐碱地；
b.按规定行株距位置用土钻打孔，孔径5cm，孔深40cm，每亩孔数56个；
c.选用长度为40cm的驱盐管56条，每个孔埋入一条。将驱盐管上部的三通与输水管插接，将56条管组成给水网络，输水管的一端与水源连接；
d.打开水源使用网络充水。检查无漏点后，回填掩埋驱盐管。保持系统压力0.02MPa持续供水。湿润体开始以驱盐管为中心形成，随时间推移，湿润体的直径越来越大；
e.检验湿润体内的盐含量，当盐含量降至0.2％以下时，说明该盐碱地中部分土体已被淡化到不会伤害果树的程度，可以进行果树种植。
案列三：部分淡化盐碱地的利用和维护
a.盐碱地中部分地点被淡化形成以驱盐管为中心的淡化土体后，在驱盐管附近种植树木；
b.种植完成后，给水系统持续保持供水，水分从驱盐管释出后，一方面继续淡化土壤，另一方面作为灌溉水，维持树木的生长发育；
c.检验并控制土壤含水量，使土壤保持适于树木生长的湿度。在一水两用的过程中，单向水流扼制高浓度区的盐分反向扩散，使淡化土体永不返盐。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种微润驱盐管，其组成包括：高分子材料制造的半透膜微润管，其特征是：所述的微润管一端封闭，另一端连接有三通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的微润驱盐管，其特征是：所述的微润管一端具体是热熔封闭，铜制环状卡箍被带有专用模具的冲床冲压变形后将所述的三通卡紧在所述的微润管端头。
  3. 一种权利要求1或2所述的微润驱盐管的局部淡化盐碱地方法，其特征是：微润驱盐管埋于土地内，用输水管将微润驱盐管的三通连接在一起形成灌溉网络，在微润驱盐管造成的淡化区内种植植物。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的微润驱盐管的局部淡化盐碱地方法，其特征是：用微润驱盐管进行局部淡化盐碱地的方法按下述步骤进行：
    (1)依据作物根体积的大小选择驱盐管规格，选驱盐管的长度大于或等于根埋深的三分之二；
    (2)按种植规划的行株距确定驱盐管的埋设位置，驱盐管埋设处既是局部淡化区的中心处，也是作物的种植处；
    (3)在驱盐管预设埋放的位置钻孔，孔深与驱盐管长度相等，将驱盐管逐个插入孔中；
    (4)将驱盐管上端的三通与输水PE管插接，多个驱盐管连接成灌水网络，灌水网络的一端与水源相连接；
    (5)开通水源，驱盐管开始向土壤供水，在土壤内部形成以驱盐管为轴心的圆柱体湿润体，湿润体内水流方向是从驱盐管流向湿润锋，并将盐碱离子携向湿润锋处；
    (6)用电导仪随时检验湿润体内盐分变化情况，随时间推移，驱盐管附近湿润体内盐分越来越低，而湿润锋处盐浓度越来越高。当湿润体内电导率降至与当地标准农田相当水平，说明湿润体内土壤的淡化过程已完成，可用于种植植物；
    (7)将植物栽种到驱盐管附近的淡化区内，驱盐管保持出水，出流的水有两个作用：一是对土体持续淡化，扼制富集区高浓度的盐反向扩散，扼制 淡化区返盐；二是对植物进行灌溉，保障植物的正常生长。
  5. 一种权利要求1或2所述的微润驱盐管的次生盐渍化治理二级驱盐方法，其特征是：该方法按下述步骤进行：
    a.首先，在每棵树主根的近处打孔，将一条驱盐管埋入，通水驱盐，在主根附近首先形成圆柱体湿润体，称为一级湿润体；
    b.观察湿润体扩展情况并测定湿润体内盐碱度变化情况，当湿润半径足够大，且湿润锋处盐浓度已足够高，此时，在湿润锋内侧的若干个不同方向分别打孔并分别放入驱盐管，作为二级驱盐管：
    c.在二级驱盐管形成新湿润体的过程中，将原湿润锋处的盐驱离树木更远，驱至新形成的湿润锋处；
    d.由二级驱盐管形成的新湿润体相互连接重叠形成一个大型的二级湿润体，只要二级湿润体足够大，大于果树主要根系的体积，盐碱即不能对果树造成危害，次生盐渍化土地被局部淡化后，消除了盐碱对果树的危害。
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