WO2018196263A1 - 超大高径比钢坯镦粗工艺及装备 - Google Patents

超大高径比钢坯镦粗工艺及装备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018196263A1
WO2018196263A1 PCT/CN2017/102240 CN2017102240W WO2018196263A1 WO 2018196263 A1 WO2018196263 A1 WO 2018196263A1 CN 2017102240 W CN2017102240 W CN 2017102240W WO 2018196263 A1 WO2018196263 A1 WO 2018196263A1
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Prior art keywords
billet
mold
sleeve
upsetting
tire
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PCT/CN2017/102240
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张连华
张晖
马海军
陈柏金
李远士
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中聚信海洋工程装备有限公司
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Publication of WO2018196263A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018196263A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of plastic processing of steel slabs, in particular to a process and equipment for overgrown steel slabs with large height to diameter ratio, which is used for realizing the thickness of the super high aspect ratio billet.
  • Upsetting refers to a process in which the length of the slab is reduced by pressure and the diameter (or lateral dimension) is increased to improve the microstructure of the slab forging and to improve the mechanical properties of the slab forging.
  • the file is thick, the height of the billet is reduced and the cross-sectional area is increased.
  • the height and diameter ratio (height-to-diameter ratio) of the billet exceeds a certain value, it is easy to be unstable and bent when the billet is thick, and the bent billet continues to be thickened to cause folding.
  • the ratio of the height of the billet to the lateral dimension that is, the aspect ratio, the height to diameter ratio of the cylindrical billet should not be controlled. More than 2.5 to 3.
  • High-quality alloy steel such as tool steel is mostly produced by electroslag remelting.
  • the large-scale electroslag ingot adopts a fixed crystallizer, and the produced steel billet can meet the requirements of normal forging ratio.
  • the crystal structure is coarse and the composition uniformity is poor.
  • the crystal structure is fine, the composition segregation is small, and many electroslag remelting production uses a crystallizer having a relatively small diameter, and the produced billet has a small diameter and a high height.
  • the billet is generally used for the billeting, but the die forging and cold heading produce the billet is small, and the simple taper mold can be used. Finish the work.
  • the free-forging upsetting step the billet has a large tonnage, and the ups and downs of the billet with large aspect ratio cannot be achieved in a simple manner. Therefore, designing the upsetting process of super large-diameter ratio billet is an important way to improve the quality of alloy steel forgings.
  • the upsetting process of super large-diameter ratio billet can be used for upsetting of large-section continuous casting billet, greatly expanding the application range of continuous casting billet in the forging industry, and realizing the use of steel mill continuous casting billet instead of die casting ingot for forging production.
  • the finished product and internal quality of the forgings are greatly improved, and the cost can be reduced, causing changes in the forging industry.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process and equipment for roughening a steel billet, and to solve the problem of upsetting of a super large aspect ratio billet.
  • a billet upsetting apparatus for roughing a billet comprising a jig and a power unit, the jig including a tire mold and a mold sleeve, the power unit including a fixed anvil And pressure anvil.
  • the tire mold is capable of covering and clamping the steel slab along a surface, the mold sleeve is open-closed, and the mold sleeve is opened to allow the tire mold for holding the steel slab to enter and exit the inner cavity of the mold sleeve,
  • the mold sleeve is closed, the inner wall of the mold sleeve holds an outer surface of the tire mold, the fixed anvil is pressed against one end of the steel billet, and the pressure anvil is pressed against the other end of the steel billet, and the pressure anvil is pressed
  • the billet is roughed in a first step, such that a portion of the billet that is not clamped by the tire mold is filled with a cavity of the mold sleeve other than the tire mold, and the tire mold is during the first step Squeezing along the inner wall of the mold sleeve following the compression of the steel slab; the inner wall of the mold sleeve is clamped to the upset portion of the billet after the first step, and the fixed
  • the tire mold comprises two half-tire molds which are vertically and semi-divided in the axial direction, and the two half-tire molds are combined to cover and hold the steel slab along the surface, and the pressure end surface of the pressure anvil is pressed against the steel slab.
  • the shape of the pressure end face is the same as the shape of the inner cavity of the die sleeve, and the area of the pressure end face is smaller than the area of the inner cavity cross section of the die sleeve.
  • the portion of the steel slab that is not clamped by the tire mold is a segment or a plurality of segments, and the height-to-diameter ratio of each segment is less than or equal to 3.
  • the number of the tire molds and the number of the mold sleeves are set according to the length of the steel slab, the number of the tire molds and the number of the mold sleeves are one or more, and the plurality of mold sleeves are sequentially connected to be adapted.
  • the length of the billet is set according to the length of the steel slab.
  • each of the membranes has an aspect ratio of 3 or less.
  • one end or both ends of the inner cavity of the tire mold has a bell mouth shape, and the large mouth faces outward.
  • a spacer is disposed between the fixed anvil and the steel billet, and an end surface of the spacer abuts against one end of the steel billet, and an end surface of the spacer has the same shape as a cross section of the cavity of the die sleeve, and the spacer The area of the end face is smaller than the area of the inner cavity section.
  • the present invention provides an upsetting process for a billet upsetting apparatus including a jig and a power unit, the jig including a tire mold and a mold sleeve, the power unit including Fixing anvil and pressure anvil, the first step is rough preparation: the billet heated to a predetermined temperature is covered with the tire mold segment along the surface and the billet is clamped, the mold sleeve is opened and closed, and the mold is opened a mold sleeve, the tire mold for holding the steel slab is placed in the inner cavity of the mold sleeve, and the mold sleeve is closed such that the inner wall of the mold sleeve defines the outer surface of the tire mold; the first step is thick: the fixed anvil Abutting against one end of the billet, the pressure anvil is pressed against the other end of the billet to perform a first step, so that a portion of the billet that is not clamped by the tire mold is filled with a mold sleeve other
  • the inner wall of the mold sleeve grips the already upset portion of the billet after the first step; the second step is thick: the fixed anvil is placed against one end of the billet after the first step The pressure anvil is pressed against the other end of the slab after the first step, and the pressure anvil squeezes the slab of the first step to make the second step rough, so that the first step is thick.
  • the upset portion slides along the inner wall of the mold sleeve as the billet is compressed until the billet fills the cavity of the mold sleeve between the fixed anvil and the pressure anvil.
  • the upsetting process further comprises: setting the length and the number of the tire mold and the mold sleeve according to the requirements of the normal upset length to diameter ratio and the actual length of the billet.
  • the tire mold comprises two half-tire molds which are vertically and semi-divided in the axial direction, and the two half-tire molds are combined to cover and hold the steel slab along the surface, and the pressure end surface of the pressure anvil is pressed against the steel slab.
  • the shape of the pressure end face is the same as the shape of the inner cavity of the die sleeve, the pressure The area of the end face is smaller than the area of the inner cavity section of the die sleeve.
  • the portion of the steel billet that is not clamped by the tire mold is a segment or a plurality of segments, and the height-to-diameter ratio of each segment is less than or equal to 3, and the plurality of mold sleeves are sequentially connected to each other. Adapt to the length of the billet.
  • one end or both ends of the inner cavity of the tire mold has a bell mouth shape, and the large mouth faces outward.
  • a spacer is disposed between the fixed anvil and the steel billet, and an end surface of the spacer abuts against one end of the steel billet, and an end surface of the spacer has the same shape as a cross section of the cavity of the die sleeve, and the spacer The area of the end face is smaller than the area of the inner cavity section of the die sleeve.
  • the present invention uses a tire mold to stabilize the slab of super-high aspect ratio, and the height-to-diameter ratio of each segment of the separated billet is less than or equal to 3, and the first step is thick: the heated billet is placed The inner cavity of the mold sleeve, the inner wall of the mold sleeve is clamped to the outer surface of the tire mold, so that the tire mold is slid along the inner wall of the mold sleeve as the steel slab is compressed, so that the steel billet outside the tire mold is synchronously upset; the second step is thick: the inner wall of the mold sleeve The part of the first step is not thickened, and the part of the first step is not thickened, and the billet is squeezed and thickened, so that the billet is filled into the cavity of the mold sleeve, and the entire billet of the high aspect ratio is realized. Upsetting. Therefore, the problem of oversized and high-diameter steel billets is solved by the method of segmentation and division of steps.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in a first embodiment, which employs three tire mold sections to hold a billet, which shows a state in which the first step is thick;
  • Figure 2 is a structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in the first embodiment, showing the state in which the first step is thick;
  • Figure 3 is a partial structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in the first embodiment, showing the state of the second step of the second step;
  • Figure 4 is a partial structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in the first embodiment, showing the state in which the second step is thick;
  • Figure 5 is a structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in a second embodiment, which employs two tire mold sections to hold the billet, which shows the state of the first step of the first step;
  • Figure 6 is a structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in a second embodiment, showing a state in which the first step is thick;
  • Figure 7 is a partial structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in the second embodiment, showing the state before the second step of the second step;
  • Figure 8 is a partial structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in the second embodiment, showing the state in which the second step is thick.
  • one embodiment or “an embodiment” as used herein refers to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic that can be included in at least one implementation of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a structural view of a billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in a first embodiment, which employs three tire molds 2, 3, and 4 sections to hold a billet 6, which shows the first step of the step
  • Figure 2 is a structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in the first embodiment, showing the state of the first step of the step
  • FIG. 3 is the billet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in the first embodiment, showing The state of the second step is thick.
  • the present invention provides a billet upsetting apparatus for roughing a super-high aspect ratio billet 6, which includes a clamp and a power unit.
  • the jig includes three tire dies 2, 3, 4 and a die sleeve 7.
  • the power unit includes a fixed anvil 1 and a pressure anvil 5.
  • the billet 6 is an ultra-high aspect ratio billet.
  • the tire molds 2, 3, 4 are each arranged in two halves, that is, each of the tire molds 2, 3, 4 comprises two half-tire molds 21 and 22, 31 and 32, 41 and 42 which are axially split in half, two
  • the semi-tire mold incorporates and covers the billet 6 along the surface.
  • the die sleeve 7 is designed to be opened and closed. When opened, the tire molds 2, 3, and 4 of the steel billet 6 and the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 7 can be clamped.
  • the inner wall of the mold sleeve 7 When closed, the inner wall of the mold sleeve 7 is clamped to the tire molds 2, 3, and 4.
  • the outer surface, and the tire molds 2, 3, 4, can slide along the inner wall of the mold sleeve 7; the fixed anvil 1 is disposed at one end of the mold sleeve 7, defines and extrudes one end of the steel billet 6, and the pressure anvil 5 is disposed on the mold sleeve 7 The other end is to press the other end of the billet 6.
  • the shape of the pressure end face of the pressure anvil 5 is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the cavity of the die sleeve 7, and the area of the pressure end face of the pressure anvil 5 is smaller than the area of the cavity cross section of the die sleeve 7, the pressure anvil 5
  • the pressure end face presses the billet 6.
  • the number of the tire molds is selected to be three, and the number of the mold sleeves 7 is also selected to be three, and the three mold sleeves 7 are sequentially connected in order to accommodate the The length of the billet 6,
  • the die sleeves 7 can also be arranged in two halves, i.e. each die sleeve 7 comprises two mold half sleeves.
  • the mold sleeve 7 corresponding to the length of the billet 6 can also be directly produced, so that it is not necessary to use a plurality of mold sleeves 7.
  • the following describes the use process of the steel billet upsetting equipment, that is, the roughing process of the steel billet rough equipment.
  • the first step is rough prepared: the surface of the steel mold 6 is covered and clamped along the surface by the tire molds 2, 3, and 4, and the mold sleeve 7 is opened to be clamped.
  • the tire molds 2, 3, 4 of the billet 6 are placed in the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 7, and the mold sleeve 7 is closed, so that the inner wall of the mold sleeve 7 defines the outer surface of the tire molds 2, 3, 4 .
  • the super-large aspect ratio billet 6 is divided into two spaced sections by the tire molds 2, 3, and 4, and the height-to-diameter ratio of each section to be separated is less than or equal to 3, and the inner cavity of each of the membranes 2, 3, and 4 is high.
  • the aspect ratio is also less than or equal to 3.
  • the first step is thick: the fixed anvil 1 is against one end of the billet 6, and the pressure anvil 5 is pressed against the other end of the billet 6 to perform the first step, that is, the pressure
  • the anvil 5 presses the other end of the billet 6, and the fixed anvil 1 is pressed against one end of the billet 6.
  • the billets 6 separated by the tire molds 2, 3, and 4 are simultaneously pressed and simultaneously upset.
  • the tire molds 2, 3, 4 and the billet 6 collectively fill the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 7, and some or all of the tire molds 2, 3, 4 follow the compression of the billet 6 along the inner wall of the mold sleeve 7.
  • the portion of the steel billet 6 that is not held by the tire molds 2, 3, 4 fills the inner cavity of the mold sleeve 7 other than the tire molds 2, 3, 4.
  • the second step of the step is rough: the mold sleeve 7 is opened, the tire molds 2, 3, and 4 are taken out, and the billet 6 after the first upsetting is placed in the heating furnace and directly put into the mold.
  • the inner wall of the die sleeve 7 grips the already upset portion of the billet 6 which is thickened by the first step.
  • the second step is thick: the fixed anvil 1 is against one end of the billet 6 after the first step, and the pressure anvil 5 is pressed against the first step.
  • the pressure anvil 5 presses the billet 6 of the first step of the step to make the second step of the pile rough.
  • the portion of the billet 6 which is not upset in the first step is Extrusion upset, the portion that has been upset when the first step is thick is slid along the inner wall of the sleeve 7 with the compression of the billet 6, until the billet 6 fills the fixed anvil 1 and the pressure anvil 5
  • the cavity of the intermediate sleeve 7 is such that the second step of the oversized high-diameter billet is achieved.
  • Figure 5 is a structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in a second embodiment, which employs two tire mold sections to hold the billet, which shows the state of the first step of the first step;
  • the structural drawing of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in the second embodiment which shows the state of the first stepped pile;
  • FIG. 7 is a part of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial structural view of the billet upsetting apparatus of the present invention in the second embodiment, showing the state of the second step .
  • the number of the tire molds is due to the length of the billet 6. Two are selected, and the number of the sleeves 7 is also selected to be two, and the two sleeves 7 are sequentially connected to accommodate the length of the billet 6.
  • the die sleeve 7 adapted to the length of the billet 6 can also be made directly.
  • the first step of the upsetting process shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is the same as the first upsetting process shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the first step of the oversized high-diameter ratio billet 6 is completed;
  • the second step of the upsetting process shown in Figs. 7 and 8 is the same as the upsetting process of the second step shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and the unformed portion of the billet of the first step is squeezed.
  • the billet 6 fills the inner cavity of the mold sleeve, and the second step of the super-high aspect ratio billet as shown in Fig. 8 is realized.
  • the number of the tire mold 2 and the mold sleeve 7 is set according to the length of the steel slab, and may be one, and may be two or plural.
  • the spacer 8 can be added between the fixed anvil 1 and the billet 6 according to the actual operation process.
  • the end surface of the spacer 8 abuts against one end of the steel billet 6.
  • the shape of the end surface of the spacer 8 is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the cavity of the die sleeve 7.
  • the area of the end surface of the spacer 8 is smaller than that of the mold sleeve 7.

Abstract

一种超大高径比钢坯镦粗的工艺及装备，钢坯镦粗装备包括夹具和动力装置，夹具包括有胎模（2、3、4）和模套（7），动力装置包括固定砧（1）和压力砧（5）。胎模（2、3、4）能够沿表面包覆并夹持钢坯（6），模套（7）为开闭式，模套（7）打开时可让夹持钢坯（6）的胎模（2、3、4）进出模套（7）的内腔，模套（7）闭合时，模套（7）内壁夹持胎模（2、3、4）的外表面，固定砧（1）抵住钢坯（6）的一端，压力砧（5）抵住钢坯（6）的另一端，压力砧（1）挤压钢坯（6）进行第一工步镦粗；模套（7）内壁夹持第一工步镦粗后的钢坯（6）的被镦粗的部分，固定砧（1）抵住第一工步镦粗后的钢坯（6）的一端，压力砧（1）抵住第一工步镦粗后的钢坯的另一端，压力砧（1）挤压第一工步镦粗后的钢坯（6）进行第二工步镦粗。这种超大高径比钢坯镦粗的工艺及装备解决了超大高径比钢坯的镦粗问题。

Description

超大高径比钢坯镦粗工艺及装备 【技术领域】
本发明涉及钢坯塑性加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种超大高径比钢坯镦粗的工艺及装备，用于实现超大高径比钢坯的墩粗。
【背景技术】
镦粗是指用压力使钢坯长度减小而直径(或横向尺寸)增大的工艺，用来改善钢坯锻件的组织结构，提高钢坯锻件的力学性能。镦粗时钢坯高度减少，横截面积增大，当钢坯的高度和直径比(高径比)超过一定值，镦粗时容易失稳和弯曲，弯曲了的钢坯继续镦粗会产生折叠。因此，镦粗时除需控制每次的压缩量外，为防止镦粗产生纵向弯曲，还应控制钢坯的高度与横向尺寸的比值，即高径比，圆柱型钢坯的高径比一般不应超过2.5～3。
高品质的工模具钢等合金钢多采用电渣重熔方式生产。大型电渣锭采用固定结晶器，生产的钢坯能满足正常锻比要求，但由于钢坯直径大，芯部冷却速度不够，导致结晶组织粗大，成分均匀性差。为了使钢坯冷却好，结晶组织细，成分偏析小，也有许多电渣重熔生产采用直径相对小的结晶器，生产的钢坯直径小、高度高。这些高径比超过正常镦粗范围的钢坯，如能镦粗到常规电渣锭的规格尺寸，则其内部成分偏析及疏松的冶金缺陷将显著优于常规电渣锭钢坯产品，生产出来的锻件产品品质更好。
目前，在模锻以及冷镦生产中，当钢坯的高径比超过正常范围时，一般采用聚料方式进行制坯，但模锻以及冷镦生产钢坯很小，采用简单的锥形模具即能完成工作。自由锻的镦粗工步中钢坯吨位大，无法用简单方式实现大高径比钢坯的镦粗。因此设计出超大高径比钢坯的镦粗工艺是提升合金钢锻件品质的重要途径。同时超大高径比钢坯的镦粗工艺可用于大截面的连铸钢坯的镦粗，极大地扩展连铸钢坯在锻造行业的应用范围，实现使用钢厂连铸坯取代模铸锭用于锻件生产， 使得锻件的成材率和内部质量大幅提高，并能降低成本，引起锻造行业的变革。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是提供一种钢坯镦粗的工艺及装备，解决超大高径比钢坯的镦粗问题。
根据本发明的一方面，本发明提供一种钢坯镦粗装备，用于对钢坯进行墩粗，其包括夹具和动力装置，所述夹具包括有胎模和模套，所述动力装置包括固定砧和压力砧。所述胎模能够沿表面包覆并夹持所述钢坯，所述模套为开闭式，所述模套打开时可让夹持钢坯的胎模进出所述模套的内腔，所述模套闭合时,所述模套内壁夹持所述胎模的外表面，所述固定砧抵住所述钢坯的一端，所述压力砧抵住所述钢坯的另一端,所述压力砧挤压所述钢坯进行第一工步墩粗，使得所述钢坯的未被所述胎模夹持的部分充满所述胎模以外的模套的内腔，在第一工步墩粗期间所述胎模跟随所述钢坯的压缩沿所述模套的内壁滑动；所述模套内壁夹持第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的被镦粗的部分，所述固定砧抵住第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的一端，所述压力砧抵住第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的另一端，所述压力砧挤压第一工步墩粗后的钢坯进行第二工步墩粗，使第一工步墩粗时已镦粗的部分随所述钢坯的压缩沿所述模套的内壁滑动，直至所述钢坯充满所述固定砧和压力砧之间的模套的空腔。
进一步的，所述胎模包括两个沿轴向对半分开的半胎模，两个半胎模合并能够沿表面包覆并夹持所述钢坯，所述压力砧的压力端面挤压钢坯，所述压力端面的形状与模套的内腔截面形状相同，所述压力端面的面积小于所述模套的内腔截面的面积。
进一步的，在第一工步墩粗前，所述钢坯的未被所述胎模夹持的部分为一段或间隔的多段，每段的高径比小于等于3。
进一步的，根据钢坯的长度设定所述胎模的数量和所述模套的数量，所述胎模的数量和所述模套的数量为一个或多个,多个模套依次连接以适应所述钢坯的长度。
进一步的，每个胎膜的内腔的高径比小于等于3。
进一步的，所述胎模的内腔的一端或两端为喇叭口状，且大口朝外。
进一步的，所述固定砧与钢坯之间设置垫块，所述垫块的端面抵住所述钢坯的一端，所述垫块的端面的形状与模套的内腔截面形状相同，所述垫块的端面的面积小于所述内腔截面的面积。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提供一种钢坯镦粗装备的镦粗工艺，所述钢坯镦粗装备包括夹具和动力装置，所述夹具包括有胎模和模套，所述动力装置包括固定砧和压力砧，第一工步墩粗准备：将加热到预定温度的钢坯用所述胎模分段沿表面包覆并夹持所述钢坯，所述模套为开闭式，打开所述模套，将夹持钢坯的胎模置于模套的内腔中，闭合所述模套使得所述模套的内壁限定所述胎模的外表面；第一工步墩粗：固定砧抵住所述钢坯的一端，所述压力砧抵住所述钢坯的另一端进行第一工步墩粗，使得所述钢坯的未被所述胎模夹持的部分充满所述胎模以外的模套的内腔，在第一工步墩粗期间所述胎模跟随所述钢坯的压缩沿所述模套的内壁滑动；第二工步墩粗准备：打开模套，取出胎模，将第一次镦粗后的钢坯放置到加热炉加热后直接放入模套中，所述模套的内壁夹持第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的已被镦粗的部分；第二工步墩粗：所述固定砧抵住第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的一端，所述压力砧抵住第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的另一端，所述压力砧挤压第一工步墩粗后的钢坯进行第二工步墩粗，使第一工步墩粗时已镦粗的部分随所述钢坯的压缩沿所述模套的内壁滑动，直至所述钢坯充满所述固定砧和压力砧之间的模套的空腔。
进一步的，在第一工步墩粗准备前，所述镦粗工艺还包括：按照正常镦粗长径比要求和钢坯的实际长度，设置胎模和模套的长度以及数量。
进一步的，所述胎模包括两个沿轴向对半分开的半胎模，两个半胎模合并能够沿表面包覆并夹持所述钢坯，所述压力砧的压力端面挤压钢坯，所述压力端面的形状与模套的内腔截面形状相同，所述压力 端面的面积小于所述模套的内腔截面的面积。
进一步的，在第一工步墩粗前，所述钢坯的未被所述胎模夹持的部分为一段或间隔的多段，每段的高径比小于等于3，多个模套依次连接以适应所述钢坯的长度。
进一步的，所述胎模的内腔的一端或两端为喇叭口状，且大口朝外。
进一步的，所述固定砧与钢坯之间设置垫块，所述垫块的端面抵住所述钢坯的一端，所述垫块的端面的形状与模套的内腔截面形状相同，所述垫块的端面的面积小于所述模套的内腔截面的面积。
与现有技术相比，本发明运用胎模将超大高径比的钢坯进行分隔稳定，被分隔的钢坯每段的高径比小于等于3，第一工步墩粗：将加热的钢坯置于模套内腔，模套内壁夹持胎模外表面，使胎模随钢坯压缩而沿模套内壁滑动，实现胎模以外部分的钢坯同步镦粗；第二工步墩粗：以模套内壁夹持第一工步墩粗已镦粗的部分，对第一工步墩粗中未被镦粗的部分钢坯挤压镦粗，使钢坯充满模套内腔，实现超大高径比钢坯的全部镦粗。从而通过分段和分工步镦粗的方法解决了超大高径比钢坯镦粗的难题。本发明具有设计新颖、适用范围广、操作过程稳定可靠等优点。
【附图说明】
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。其中：
附图1为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第一实施例中的结构图，其采用了三个胎模分段夹持钢坯，其显示了第一工步墩粗前的状态；
附图2为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第一实施例中的结构图，其显示了第一工步墩粗后的状态；
附图3为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第一实施例中的部分结构图，其显示了第二工步墩粗前的状态；
附图4为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第一实施例中的部分结构图，其显示了第二工步墩粗后的状态；
附图5为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第二实施例中的结构图，其采用了两个胎模分段夹持钢坯，其显示了第一工步墩粗前的状态；
附图6为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第二实施例中的结构图，其显示了第一工步墩粗后的状态；
附图7为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第二实施例中的部分结构图，其显示了第二工步墩粗前的状态；
附图8为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第二实施例中的部分结构图，其显示了第二工步墩粗后的状态。
【具体实施方式】
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例，也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解释说明。
第一实施例
附图1为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第一实施例中的结构图，其采用了三个胎模2、3、4分段夹持钢坯6，其显示了第一工步墩粗前的状态；附图2为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第一实施例中的结构图，其显示了第一工步墩粗后的状态；附图3为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第一实施例中的部分结构图，其显示了第二工步墩粗前的状态；附图4为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第一实施例中的部分结构图，其显示 了第二工步墩粗后的状态。如图1-4所示的，本发明提供一种钢坯镦粗装备，其用于对超大高径比钢坯6进行墩粗，其包括夹具和动力装置。
在第一实施例中，所述夹具包含三个胎模2、3、4及模套7。所述动力装置包含固定砧1和压力砧5。钢坯6为超大高径比钢坯。胎模2、3、4均设置成两半，即每个胎模2、3、4包括两个沿轴向对半分开的半胎模21和22、31和32、41和42，两个半胎模合并沿表面包覆并夹持钢坯6。模套7设计成开闭式，打开时可让夹持钢坯6的胎模2、3、4、进出模套7的内腔，闭合时模套7的内壁夹持胎模2、3、4的外表面，且胎模2、3、4、可沿模套7的内壁滑动；固定砧1设置在模套7的一端，限定并挤压钢坯6的一端，压力砧5设置在模套7的另一端，以挤压钢坯6的另一端。所述压力砧5的压力端面的形状与模套7的内腔截面形状相同，所述压力砧5的压力端面的面积小于所述模套7的内腔截面的面积，所述压力砧5的压力端面挤压钢坯6。
在第一实施例中，由于钢坯6的长度，所述胎模的数量选定为3个，所述模套7的数量也选定为3个，3个模套7首尾依次连接以适应所述钢坯6的长度，
模套7也可以设置成两半，即每个模套7包括两个半模套。在其他实施例中，也可以直接制作与所述钢坯6的长度相适应的模套7，这样就不需要采用多个模套7了。
下文介绍所述钢坯镦粗装备的使用过程，即所述钢坯镦粗装备的墩粗工艺。
请参看图1所示的，第一工步墩粗准备：用所述胎模2、3、4分段沿表面包覆并夹持所述钢坯6，打开所述模套7，将夹持钢坯6的胎模2、3、4置于模套7的内腔中，闭合所述模套7，使得所述模套7的内壁限定夹持所述胎模2、3、4的外表面。超大高径比的钢坯6被胎模2、3、4分隔成相间隔的两段，被分隔的每段的高径比小于等于3，每个胎膜2、3、4的内腔的高径比也小于等于3。在第一工步 墩粗准备之前，还可以将钢坯6加热到预定温度。
请参看图2所示的，第一工步墩粗：固定砧1抵住所述钢坯6的一端，所述压力砧5抵住所述钢坯6的另一端进行第一工步墩粗，，即压力砧5对钢坯6另一端进行挤压，固定砧1受到挤压反作用于钢坯6的一端，此时，被胎模2、3、4分隔的各段钢坯6同时受到挤压而被同步镦粗，胎模2、3、4和钢坯6共同充满模套7内腔，部分或全部胎模2、3、4跟随所述钢坯6的压缩沿所述模套7的内壁滑动。这样，所述钢坯6的未被所述胎模2、3、4夹持的部分充满所述胎模2、3、4以外的模套7的内腔。
请参看图3所示的，第二工步墩粗准备：打开模套7，取出胎模2、3、4，将第一次镦粗后的钢坯6放置到加热炉加热后直接放入模套7中，所述模套7的内壁夹持第一工步墩粗后的钢坯6的已被镦粗的部分。
请参看图4所示的，第二工步墩粗：所述固定砧1抵住第一工步墩粗后的钢坯6的一端，所述压力砧5抵住第一工步墩粗后的钢坯6的另一端，所述压力砧5挤压第一工步墩粗后的钢坯6进行第二工步墩粗此时，第一工步墩粗中未被镦粗的钢坯6的部分被挤压镦粗，第一工步墩粗时已镦粗的部分随所述钢坯6的压缩沿所述模套7的内壁滑动，直至所述钢坯6充满所述固定砧1和压力砧5之间的模套7的空腔，这样就实现了超大高径比钢坯的第二工步镦粗。
第二实施例
附图5为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第二实施例中的结构图，其采用了两个胎模分段夹持钢坯，其显示了第一工步墩粗前的状态；附图6为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第二实施例中的结构图，其显示了第一工步墩粗后的状态；附图7为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第二实施例中的部分结构图，其显示了第二工步墩粗前的状态；附图8为本发明的钢坯镦粗装备在第二实施例中的部分结构图，其显示了第二工步墩粗后的状态。在第二实施例中，由于钢坯6的长度，所述胎模的数量 选定为2个，所述模套7的数量也选定为2个，2个模套7依次次连接以适应所述钢坯6的长度。在其他实施例中，也可以直接制作与所述钢坯6的长度相适应的模套7。
如附图5、6所示的第一工步镦粗过程与附图1、2所示的第一镦粗过程动作相同，完成超大高径比钢坯6的第一工步镦粗；如附图7、8所示第二工步镦粗过程与附图3、4所示的第二工步镦粗过程动作相同，对第一工步墩粗中钢坯的未被镦粗的部分挤压镦粗，钢坯6充满模套内腔，实现如附图8所示的超大高径比钢坯的第二工步镦粗。
本发明中，胎模2和模套7的数量根据钢坯的长度来设定，可以为一个，可以为两个，也可以为多个。
本发明中，固定砧1与钢坯6之间可根据实际操作过程增设垫块8。所述垫块8的端面抵住所述钢坯6的一端，所述垫块8的端面的形状与模套7的内腔截面形状相同，所述垫块8的端面的面积小于所述模套7的内腔截面的面积。
以上所述的仅是本发明的一些实施方式。对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种钢坯镦粗装备，用于对钢坯进行墩粗，其包括夹具和动力装置，其特征在于：所述夹具包括有胎模和模套，所述动力装置包括固定砧和压力砧，
    所述胎模能够沿表面包覆并夹持所述钢坯，所述模套为开闭式，所述模套打开时可让夹持钢坯的胎模进出所述模套的内腔，所述模套闭合时,所述模套内壁夹持所述胎模的外表面，所述固定砧抵住所述钢坯的一端，所述压力砧抵住所述钢坯的另一端,所述压力砧挤压所述钢坯进行第一工步墩粗，使得所述钢坯的未被所述胎模夹持的部分充满所述胎模以外的模套的内腔，在第一工步墩粗期间所述胎模跟随所述钢坯的压缩沿所述模套的内壁滑动；
    所述模套内壁夹持第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的被镦粗的部分，所述固定砧抵住第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的一端，所述压力砧抵住第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的另一端，所述压力砧挤压第一工步墩粗后的钢坯进行第二工步墩粗，使第一工步墩粗时已镦粗的部分随所述钢坯的压缩沿所述模套的内壁滑动，直至所述钢坯充满所述固定砧和压力砧之间的模套的空腔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的钢坯镦粗装备，其特征在于：
    所述胎模包括两个沿轴向对半分开的半胎模，两个半胎模合并能够沿表面包覆并夹持所述钢坯，
    所述压力砧的压力端面挤压钢坯，所述压力端面的形状与模套的内腔截面形状相同，所述压力端面的面积小于所述模套的内腔截面的面积。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的钢坯镦粗装备，其特征在于：在第一工步墩粗前，
    所述钢坯的未被所述胎模夹持的部分为一段或间隔的多段，每段的高径比小于等于3。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的钢坯镦粗装备，其特征在于：根据钢 坯的长度设定所述胎模的数量和所述模套的数量，所述胎模的数量和所述模套的数量为一个或多个,多个模套依次连接以适应所述钢坯的长度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的钢坯镦粗装备，其特征在于.
    每个胎膜的内腔的高径比小于等于3。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的钢坯镦粗装备，其特征在于：所述胎模的内腔的一端或两端为喇叭口状，且大口朝外。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的钢坯镦粗装备，其特征在于：所述固定砧与钢坯之间设置垫块，所述垫块的端面抵住所述钢坯的一端，所述垫块的端面的形状与模套的内腔截面形状相同，所述垫块的端面的面积小于所述内腔截面的面积。
  8. 一种钢坯镦粗装备的镦粗工艺，所述钢坯镦粗装备包括夹具和动力装置，所述夹具包括有胎模和模套，所述动力装置包括固定砧和压力砧；
    其特征在于：
    第一工步墩粗准备：将加热到预定温度的钢坯用所述胎模分段沿表面包覆并夹持所述钢坯，所述模套为开闭式，打开所述模套，将夹持钢坯的胎模置于模套的内腔中，闭合所述模套使得所述模套的内壁限定所述胎模的外表面；
    第一工步墩粗：固定砧抵住所述钢坯的一端，所述压力砧抵住所述钢坯的另一端进行第一工步墩粗，使得所述钢坯的未被所述胎模夹持的部分充满所述胎模以外的模套的内腔，在第一工步墩粗期间所述胎模跟随所述钢坯的压缩沿所述模套的内壁滑动；
    第二工步墩粗准备：打开模套，取出胎模，将第一次镦粗后的钢坯放置到加热炉加热后直接放入模套中，所述模套的内壁夹持第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的已被镦粗的部分；
    第二工步墩粗：所述固定砧抵住第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的一端，所述压力砧抵住第一工步墩粗后的钢坯的另一端，所述压力砧挤压第一工步墩粗后的钢坯进行第二工步墩粗，使第一工步墩粗时已镦粗的 部分随所述钢坯的压缩沿所述模套的内壁滑动，直至所述钢坯充满所述固定砧和压力砧之间的模套的空腔。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的钢坯镦粗装备的镦粗工艺，其特征在于：
    在第一工步墩粗准备前，所述镦粗工艺还包括：
    按照正常镦粗长径比要求和钢坯的实际长度，设置胎模和模套的长度以及数量。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的钢坯镦粗装备的镦粗工艺，其特征在于：
    所述胎模包括两个沿轴向对半分开的半胎模，两个半胎模合并能够沿表面包覆并夹持所述钢坯，
    所述压力砧的压力端面挤压钢坯，所述压力端面的形状与模套的内腔截面形状相同，所述压力端面的面积小于所述模套的内腔截面的面积。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的钢坯镦粗装备的镦粗工艺，其特征在于：在第一工步墩粗前，所述钢坯的未被所述胎模夹持的部分为一段或间隔的多段，每段的高径比小于等于3，多个模套依次连接以适应所述钢坯的长度。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的钢坯镦粗装备的镦粗工艺，其特征在于：所述胎模的内腔的一端或两端为喇叭口状，且大口朝外。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的钢坯镦粗装备的镦粗工艺，其特征在于：所述固定砧与钢坯之间设置垫块，所述垫块的端面抵住所述钢坯的一端，所述垫块的端面的形状与模套的内腔截面形状相同，所述垫块的端面的面积小于所述模套的内腔截面的面积。
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