WO2018192181A1 - 静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉及使用方法 - Google Patents

静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉及使用方法 Download PDF

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WO2018192181A1
WO2018192181A1 PCT/CN2017/103634 CN2017103634W WO2018192181A1 WO 2018192181 A1 WO2018192181 A1 WO 2018192181A1 CN 2017103634 W CN2017103634 W CN 2017103634W WO 2018192181 A1 WO2018192181 A1 WO 2018192181A1
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Prior art keywords
mold
magnetic field
furnace
melting
turn
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/103634
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵京晨
王开国
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Beijing Gangxin Institute Of Metallurgical Technology
Beijing Jinshiyongchuang Technology Development Co Ltd
Beijing Jiuzhanghongtu Technology & Trade Co Ltd
Zhuozhou New Aviation Zhuoli Precision Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Beijing Gangxin Institute Of Metallurgical Technology
Beijing Jinshiyongchuang Technology Development Co Ltd
Beijing Jiuzhanghongtu Technology & Trade Co Ltd
Zhuozhou New Aviation Zhuoli Precision Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2018192181A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018192181A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
    • B22D35/04—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/005—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with heating or cooling means
    • B22D41/01—Heating means

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of new fine crystal casting equipment, and in particular to a fine magnet casting furnace and a method for using the magnetostatic deep supercooling and high filling capacity.
  • Fine-grain casting of metals or alloys can be divided into three types in principle.
  • the first is to mechanically or electromagnetically stir the solid that has formed in the liquid during the process of not completely solidifying the metal or alloy to increase the solidified crystalline core in the liquid to obtain the finely crystallized structure after complete solidification.
  • the second is to add an artificial solid powder to the liquid of the metal or alloy before the start of the solidification process of the metal or alloy to increase the solidified crystalline core in the liquid to obtain a finely solidified microstructure.
  • the third is to control the liquid of metal or alloy to solidify at the lowest possible temperature, so that the core of solidification and crystallization is more, and the degree of grain growth after solidification is also relatively small, so as to obtain the fine-grained structure after complete solidification.
  • the application name is a fully filling casting method below the melting point, providing a new casting technique for controlling the liquid of a metal or alloy to a temperature below its melting point and not solidifying, when the metal or alloy is pure Liquid control below freezing point
  • the control measures are suddenly removed, and an extremely uniform and fine alloy grain structure can be obtained at this time, and the molten steel of this technology is filled into the mold cavity as a substantially pure liquid instead of a "porridge liquid.”
  • the filling ability will be very good; the principle is that the lower the temperature below the melting point (professional term: supercooled), the lower the temperature, the greater the thermodynamic driving force of the solidification crystallization of the metal or alloy liquid, the solidification in the liquid The more the crystal core is, the finer grain structure is not only fine and uniform.
  • the above method is not ideal, and the main method for suppressing solidification crystallization is not independent of smelting, resulting in insufficient or insufficient inhibition, or the molten steel cannot be cooled. Moreover, when the molten steel is poured into the mold, any suppression measures are eliminated.
  • the present application aims to provide a magnetostatic deep supercooling high filling ability fine crystal casting furnace and a method for using the same, which is used to solve the prior art method for inhibiting solidification crystallization, which is not independent of melting, resulting in or
  • the problem of insufficient suppression or the inability of the molten steel to cool down effectively improves the fineness and uniformity of the grain structure in various parts of the casting.
  • the present application proposes a magnetostatic deep supercooling high filling type fine crystal casting furnace and a method of using the same, applying a direct current constant magnetic field to the melting crucible and applying a metal or alloy liquid flowing in the casting cavity.
  • the equipment structure of the supercooling measure can obtain a fine-grained structure in which the supercooled pure liquid is cast and the grain size of the cast structure is extremely fine and uniform.
  • a magnetostatic deep supercooling high filling type fine crystal casting furnace mainly comprises: a melting crucible, a mold, a constant magnetic field magnetic pole, a mold carrying turntable, and the melting crucible is located in the mold
  • the constant magnetic field magnetic pole is located around the mold
  • the mold carrying turntable is located at a lower end of the mold, and is fixedly connected to the mold
  • the molten crucible is provided with alternating current sensing
  • the coil and the direct current constant magnetic field; the melting crucible, the steady magnetic field pole, the mold carrying turntable are located in the casting furnace, and the mold is placed on the mold carrying turntable from outside the furnace door by equipment.
  • the application has an alternating current induction ring and a direct current constant magnetic field on the melting crucible, and a direct current constant magnetic field, that is, a direct current induction coil, which is equivalent to a multiple induction coil, and the alternating current induction coil is used for melting and controlling the molten steel.
  • the warm, DC current sensing coil is used to generate a supercooled magnetic field of the metal liquid, and the present application achieves deep subcooling in the casting cavity.
  • the induction coil that applies a direct current constant magnetic field to the melting crucible has a resistive heating function.
  • thermocouple simultaneous temperature measuring device is mounted on the melting crucible.
  • the constant magnetic field magnetic pole is divided into a constant magnetic field N pole and a steady magnetic field S pole, and the stable magnetic field N pole and the steady magnetic field S pole are oppositely disposed, and the mold is located at the stable magnetic field N
  • the pole and the steady magnetic field are in the middle of the S pole.
  • a resistance strain gauge is mounted on the magnetic field pole of the constant magnetic field.
  • the application is provided with a constant magnetic field magnetic pole around the mold, which can apply supercooling measures to the metal or alloy liquid flowing in the mold, thereby realizing deep subcooling and high filling ability of the liquid in the mold; mounting on the magnetic field pole of the constant magnetic field
  • the resistance strain gauge can obtain the magnetic field strength value by measuring the magnetic pole force.
  • a heating element that can be moved in a movable manner is installed around the mold.
  • the heating element is a resistance wire.
  • a positioning shaft is installed at the center of the lower end of the mold carrying turntable, and the positioning shaft is not communicated with the outside of the furnace, and is only used to define the rotating center of the mold carrying tray, which is very important for the vacuum quality in the furnace.
  • the mold-carrying turntable is rotated slowly outside the furnace by a manual or electric method, and the mold-carrying turntable is input by a slow rotating shaft having a diameter of not less than 25 mm and not more than 65 mm, and the mold-carrying turntable Rotating by the ratchet, the rotational speed of the mold carrying the turntable can thus accelerate the rotation by the ratchet accumulation.
  • a lower part of the mold-carrying turntable is provided with a mold-bearing turntable load-bearing wheel, and the outer periphery of the mold-bearing turntable load-bearing wheel is a toothed ring, and the toothed ring cooperates with the ratchet.
  • the invention discloses a method for using a magnetostatic deep supercooling high filling type fine crystal casting furnace, which mainly comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 The mold is buried in a sand box, and a refractory shunt is placed thereon, and then the flask is hoisted, pushed into a heating furnace and heated to 1000 to 1200 ° C, and kept for 3 to 5 hours;
  • Step 2 Open the furnace door, pull the sand box after the heating of step 1 out of the heating furnace, place the sand box on the mold carrying turntable of the fine crystal casting furnace with a forklift, and insert the fixing pin into the positioning pin hole;
  • Step 3 open the furnace cover, tilt the melting crucible at a 45-degree angle; push the mother alloy for casting and casting into the crucible along the cornice, and at the same time, add 0.01% ⁇ 0.005% of deoxidized carbon according to the weight of the master alloy into the crucible; ⁇ Reset; at the same time, insert the mold insulation wire inside the furnace door;
  • Step 4 Check whether the infrared temperature measurement and the galvanic temperature measurement reaction are normal. Check the peephole. Whether it is used normally, check whether the vacuum sealing surfaces are clean; then, close the furnace cover and the furnace door;
  • Step 5 Turn on the cooling water system, the internal cooling water pressure is not less than 1.5 kg per square centimeter, the temperature is not higher than 35 ° C, and there is no obvious dripping at each part;
  • Step 6 Turn on the vacuum system in the order of: mechanical pump, ⁇ , diffusion pump, and then turn on according to the respective vacuum thresholds; turn on the mold insulation wire heating power; and use the manual runner to mold
  • the carrying turntable is rotated every half to five minutes for 5 to 10 minutes;
  • Step 7 When the vacuum degree in the furnace reaches 5 ⁇ 3Pa or less, turn on the melting enthalpy to melt the power supply. After the mother alloy is completely melted, tilt the sputum and smear the sputum with molten steel until the vacuum degree reaches 3Pa or less. Then, increase Power, heat up to 200 ° C ⁇ 300 ° C above the melting point of the alloy, maintain 5 to 10 minutes, power off and cool, turn on the far infrared and thermocouple simultaneous temperature measurement, when the thermocouple measured the solidification temperature, read the far infrared value; then, again Turn on the melting and melting power supply.
  • the liquid temperature begins to drop. 10 minutes, turn on the melting ⁇ melting power supply 50% for 10 seconds; until the temperature drops to 50 ° C above the melting point, turn off the mold insulation wire heating power supply, turn on the DC steady magnetic field power around the mold, stop using Galvanic temperature measurement, using far infrared temperature measurement alone, after the liquid temperature drops to the far infrared reading value, continue to cool down 10 ° C to 20 ° C, turn on melting ⁇ melting 30% of the power supply, pouring the molten steel into the mold;
  • the handwheel or the motor outside the furnace can be used to drive the casting ratchet wheel to rotate the casting loader until the speed reaches 1 rev / 1 second before the above tilting boring is poured.
  • the molten steel is poured into the mold, and the mold is stopped after 5 seconds. a DC stabilized magnetic field power supply; and stopping the rotational input of the mold carrying carousel;
  • Step 8 After the pouring is completed, turn off the power supply, and then turn off the vacuum pumps in sequence.
  • the order is: diffusion pump, ⁇ , mechanical pump; then, each mechanism is reset; until the temperature of the hot working part in the furnace drops below 150 °C, off Stop the cooling water; open the furnace cover and the furnace door to remove the mold;
  • Step 9 If the furnace is continuously opened, the furnace cover and the furnace door are replaced with the mold and the master alloy after the resetting of the mechanisms in the step 8. The steps are restarted from the step 1.
  • the method for inhibiting solidification crystallization of the casting furnace of the present application is independent of smelting, thereby causing the solid phase precipitation to be suppressed during the continuous cooling of the liquid phase, thereby causing supercooling;
  • This application adds a mold-type centrifugal turntable that can be transferred into the furnace by the slow-speed transmission outside the furnace.
  • the furnace is the cumulative speed of the centrifugal centrifugal turntable driven by the ratchet in the furnace, and the turntable is loaded by the load-bearing wheel.
  • Positioning axis positioning, the functions are independent; in particular, the positioning shaft slot is not connected to the outside of the furnace, so no matter how fast the speed does not affect the vacuum system.
  • Figure 1-1 is a diagram showing the distribution of magnetic lines of force when no solids are precipitated in the metal liquid
  • Figure 1-2 is a diagram showing the distribution of magnetic lines of force when a magnetic flux is bent at a solid-liquid interface in a metal liquid;
  • Figure 2 is the core structure of the fine crystal casting furnace of the magnetostatic deep supercooling and high filling capacity of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a casting prepared by a fine magnetization deep-cooling and high-filling capacity fine crystal casting furnace of the present application;
  • 4 is a schematic view showing the casting capacity of the fine crystal casting furnace of the magnetostatic deep supercooling and high filling capacity and the grain structure of each part;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the grain structure of a casting cast by a conventional casting furnace
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the grain structure of a casting cast by a fine magnetized deep supercooling and high filling capacity fine crystal casting furnace of the present application.
  • the present invention has a magnetostatic deep supercooling high filling capacity fine crystal casting furnace and a method of using the same:
  • One of the principles is that in a metal liquid in which a magnetic field exists, if a metal solid precipitates, the metal solid having an ordered atomic lattice structure is much higher than the ferromagnetic property of the completely disordered metal liquid, so that the magnetic flux in the solid phase Will increase, or increase the density of magnetic lines of force.
  • the magnetic field lines enter the solid phase from the liquid phase, the magnetic flux density will increase.
  • the magnetic lines of force are bent at the solid-liquid interface, and they can enter the solid after being close to each other, as shown in the magnetic flux distribution pattern in FIG.
  • the magnetic lines of force are uniformly parallel when no solids are precipitated in the liquid.
  • the second principle is that the present application not only melts the crucible, but also applies a constant magnetic field generated by a direct current in the mold. Therefore, there are two changes in the structure of the device. One is that there is only one alternating current induction coil, and now two DC current induction coils are added, which is equal to ⁇ is a multiple induction coil, and the alternating current induction coil is used. In the melting and temperature control of molten steel, the DC current induction coil is used to generate a super-cooled magnetic field of the metal liquid. The second is to increase the equipment construction of the supercooling measures for the metal or alloy liquid flowing in the casting cavity.
  • the principle that the structure generates supercooling is that the direct current is used to make the metal or alloy liquid flowing in the casting cavity be in a static magnetic field, that is, a constant magnetic field, as shown in FIG. 2 between the N pole and the S pole, and the liquid acts as an electric conductor.
  • the flow in the steady magnetic field perpendicular to the magnetic field lines inevitably cuts the magnetic lines of force to generate induced current, and the molten steel also has resistance, which makes the current and the molten steel cutting magnetic lines are not synchronized, so that the flow conductor with current is inevitably received by Luo
  • the HALorentz force causes the flow of molten steel to be resisted.
  • the mold carries the turntable load bearing wheel 6 and the ratchet wheel 7.
  • the ratchet wheel 7 is used to drive the rotation of the mold carrying turntable 5.
  • the heating element and the constant magnetic field magnetic pole are arranged around the mold 2, and the central part of the lower end of the mold carrying turntable 5 is provided.
  • the melting crucible 1 is a crucible having a constant magnetic field or a static magnetic field and an alternating magnetic field simultaneously and separately applied to hold and melt the master alloy, and an alternating magnetic field and an alternating induction coil are applied to the melting crucible 1 .
  • the melting crucible 1 which is also called a static magnetic field, that is, more than one induction coil, and the static magnetic field induction coil can simultaneously have a resistive heating function, and the same type of furnace has only an alternating induction coil;
  • the melting crucible 1 has a structure in which the far infrared and the thermocouple are simultaneously temperature-measured, and some of the similar furnaces also have these two kinds of temperature measuring means, but cannot measure the temperature at the same time;
  • a magnetic pole is applied around the mold 2 to apply a constant magnetic field or a static magnetic field.
  • the furnace of the same type is not. The closest one is to provide a winding around the mold with a pulsed magnetic field. Meanwhile, the casting furnace of the present application is around the mold 2.
  • the value of the furnace B 1 ⁇ 2T (T-Tesla);
  • the furnace is a resistance wire, and can reach more than 1200 °C. Some furnaces of the same type have heating elements, but they are fixed and temporarily added. Less than 1200 ° C, and not the device itself;
  • the mold-carrying turntable 5 can be rotated slowly in the manual or electric mode outside the furnace, and can be stopped at any time to adjust the pouring position evenly to achieve multi-station pouring in the same furnace.
  • Some of the similar furnaces have high-speed rotating mold bearing. Turntable, but that is used for centrifugal casting; the power equipment that must be rotated at high speed due to centrifugation is very large and can only be placed outside the vacuum furnace shell. Its high-speed rotating shaft is passed into the furnace from outside the furnace, and the high-speed rotating shaft pair The damage of the vacuum seal is theoretically unavoidable.
  • the rotary transfer of the mold carrying turntable 5 is input by a slow rotating shaft with a diameter of not less than 25 mm and not more than 65 mm;
  • the maximum time is less than 1 rev / 2 seconds, which is lower than the current ability of the vacuum equipment to rotate and seal.
  • the mold-bearing turntable 5 uses a mold-bearing turntable rotation center positioning shaft 8 to define a rotation center, and the shaft does not bear the weight, and is inserted into the bottom positioning slot of the furnace, and the slot is
  • the blind hole is not connected to the outside of the vacuum furnace;
  • the lower part of the mold carrying turntable 5 is provided with a plurality of bearing wheels, that is, The mold carries the turntable bearing wheel 6, and the periphery of the mold carrying turntable 5 is a rotating tooth ring, which cooperates with the ratchet 7 input from the outside of the furnace, and the ratchet shaft leads to the outside of the furnace, that is, transmits power to the casting bearing shaft.
  • a casting type limiting pin hole is further disposed on the bearing surface of the mold carrying turntable 5, and the mold 2 is inserted into the mold limiting pin hole through the fixing pin;
  • the mold 2 is horizontally placed from the outside of the furnace door on the mold carrying turntable 5 in the furnace, then the furnace door is closed, the furnace top cover is opened, and the heating element resistance wire inside the furnace door is plugged into the power source, and the mother alloy is also driven by the furnace.
  • the top is opened and the lid is placed in the raft, and the replacement of the new raft is also the result.
  • a method for using a magnetostatic deep supercooling high filling type fine crystal casting furnace comprising the following embodiments:
  • Step 1 The six molds are buried in a sand box, and a refractory shunt is placed thereon, and then the flask is hoisted and pushed into a heating furnace and heated to 1100 ° C for 4 hours;
  • Step 2 Open the furnace door, pull the sand box after the heating in step 1 out of the heating furnace, place the sand box on the mold carrying turntable of the fine crystal casting furnace of the present application with a forklift, and insert the fixing pin into the positioning pin hole;
  • Step 3 Open the furnace cover and tilt the melting crucible at a 45-degree angle; push 55 kg of the mother alloy for casting into the crucible along the crucible, and mix 0.015% deoxygenated carbon by weight of the master alloy into the crucible; Reset, and insert the mold insulation wire inside the furnace door into the power socket;
  • Step 4 Infrared temperature measurement and galvanic temperature measurement reaction are normal, replace the lens that has been blackened by the peephole, wipe each vacuum sealing surface; then, close the furnace cover and the furnace door;
  • Step 5 Turn on the cooling water system, the internal cooling water pressure is 1.8 kg per square centimeter, the temperature is 25 ° C, and there is no obvious dripping in each part;
  • Step 6 Turn on the vacuum system in the order of: mechanical pump, ⁇ , diffusion pump, and then turn on according to the respective vacuum thresholds; turn on the mold insulation wire to heat the power; and use the manual wheel to mold
  • the carrying turntable rotates every half minute for half a week;
  • Step 7 When the vacuum in the furnace reaches 3Pa, turn on the melting and melting power supply. After half a power for 15 minutes, give full power. After the mother alloy is completely melted, tilt it and iron the nozzle with molten steel until the vacuum reaches 2Pa, then, increase the power, heat up to 1600 ° C, maintain 5 minutes, power off and cool down, turn on the far infrared and thermocouple simultaneous temperature measurement, when the thermocouple measured the solidification temperature value -1380, read the far infrared value -1330 ° C; then Once again, the melting and melting power supply is turned on. When the temperature of the mother alloy liquid is raised to 1580 ° C, the DC stabilized magnetic field power supply is turned on, and then the AC melting power source is turned off.
  • the liquid temperature begins to decrease, and the melting is started every 8 minutes. 50% of the full power of the melting power supply is maintained for 10 seconds; when the temperature drops to 1430 °C, the mold insulation wire heating power is turned off, the DC constant magnetic field power supply around the mold is turned on, the tempering temperature measurement is stopped, and the temperature is used alone.
  • Far infrared temperature measurement when the liquid temperature drops to the far infrared reading value - 1330 ° C, then continue to cool down to 1315 ° C, turn on the melting ⁇ melting power power 30% , pouring the molten steel into the mold, and stopping the DC constant magnetic field power supply around the mold after 5 seconds;
  • Step 8 After the pouring is completed, turn off the power supply, and then shut down the vacuum pumps in sequence.
  • the order is: diffusion pump, ⁇ , mechanical pump; then, each mechanism is reset; until the temperature of the hot working part in the furnace drops below 150 °C, Turn off the cooling water; open the furnace cover and the furnace door to remove the mold.
  • Step 1 The sand mold is embedded in a sand box, and then the sand box is hoisted and pushed into a heating furnace and heated to 1200 ° C for 4 hours;
  • Step 2 Open the furnace door, pull the sand box after the heating in step 1 out of the heating furnace, place the sand box on the mold carrying turntable of the fine crystal casting furnace with a forklift, and insert the fixing pin into the positioning pin hole;
  • Step 3 Open the furnace cover and tilt the melting crucible at a 45-degree angle; push 50 kg of the mother alloy for casting and casting into the crucible along the rake, and mix 0.010% deoxygenated carbon according to the weight of the parent alloy into the crucible; Reset; at the same time, insert the mold insulation wire inside the furnace door into the power socket;
  • Step 4 Infrared temperature measurement and galvanic temperature measurement reaction are normal, replace the lens that has been blackened by the peephole, wipe each vacuum sealing surface; then, close the furnace cover and the furnace door;
  • Step 5 Turn on the cooling water system, the internal cooling water pressure is 1.6 kg per square centimeter, the temperature is 28 ° C, and there is no obvious dripping at each part;
  • Step 6 Turn on the vacuum system in the order of: mechanical pump, ⁇ , diffusion pump, and then turn on according to the respective vacuum thresholds; turn on the mold insulation wire to heat the power; and use the manual wheel to mold
  • the carrying turntable is rotated half a turn every 10 minutes.
  • Step 7 When the vacuum in the furnace reaches 3Pa, turn on the melting and melting power supply. After half a power for 15 minutes, give full power. After the mother alloy is completely melted, tilt it and iron the nozzle with molten steel until the vacuum reaches 2Pa, then, increase the power, heat up to 1580 ° C, maintain 5 minutes, power off and cool down, turn on the far infrared and thermocouple simultaneous temperature measurement, when the thermocouple measured the solidification temperature value -1380, read the far infrared value -1330 ° C; then Again Turn on the melting ⁇ melting power supply, when the mother alloy liquid is heated to 1560 ° C, turn on the ⁇ DC constant magnetic field power supply, and then turn off the AC melting power supply, then the liquid temperature begins to drop, at this time every 8 minutes, turn on the melting ⁇ melting 50% of the full power of the power supply is maintained for 10 seconds; when the temperature drops to 1420 °C, the heating power of the mold insulation wire is turned off, and the DC constant magnetic field power supply around
  • Step 8 After the pouring is completed, turn off the power supply, and then shut down the vacuum pumps in sequence.
  • the order is: diffusion pump, ⁇ , mechanical pump; then, each mechanism is reset; until the temperature of the hot working part in the furnace drops below 150 °C, Turn off the cooling water; open the furnace cover and the furnace door to remove the mold.
  • FIG. 3 are photographs of the grain structure of the casting of the corresponding conventional casting furnace and the grain structure of the casting of the novel casting furnace of the present application. In comparison, it can be clearly seen from the figure that the grain structure of the casting of the novel casting furnace of the present application is fine and uniform.
  • the present application provides a fine magnetization deep-cooling and high-filling capacity fine-grain casting furnace and a method for using the same, by applying a DC static magnetic field to the melting crucible in the casting furnace.
  • a device configuration for applying supercooling to the metal or alloy liquid flowing in the casting cavity which is a DC electrostatic pole, and a mold centrifugal which can be driven by a slow speed outside the furnace.
  • Turntable developed a new fine-grain casting furnace capable of applying a DC static magnetic field to suppress solidification nucleation when a metal or alloy liquid is cooled and poured in a crucible, and also capable of cooling and solidifying a metal or alloy liquid in a mold.

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Abstract

一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉及其使用方法，包括：熔化坩埚（1）、铸型（2）、稳恒磁场磁极（3, 4）、铸型承载转盘（5），所述熔化坩埚（1）位于所述铸型（2）的上方，所述稳恒磁场磁极（3, 4）位于所述铸型（2）的周围；所述熔化坩埚（1）上设有交变电流感应圈和直流电稳恒磁场；熔化坩埚（1）、稳恒磁场磁极（3, 4）、铸型承载转盘（5）位于铸造炉内，其承重和定位构造不与炉外相通，其转动速度可被炉外转动累积增加。在熔化坩埚（1）和铸型（2）都施加的直流电流产生的稳恒磁场可使熔化坩埚（1）和铸型（2）内的金属液体深过冷，从而铸造产品的内部晶粒组织极细小、极均匀，且具有极强的充型能力。

Description

静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉及使用方法 技术领域
本申请涉及新型细晶铸造设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉及使用方法。
背景技术
金属或合金的细晶铸造从原理上可以分为三种类型。其一，就是在金属或合金尚未完全凝固的过程中，以机械的或电磁的方式搅拌打碎液体中已经形成的固体，以增加液体中的凝固结晶核心，以得到完全凝固后的细晶组织。其二，就是在金属或合金凝固的过程开始之前，将人造的固体粉末加入到此金属或合金的液体中，以增加液体中的凝固结晶核心，以得到完全凝固后的细晶组织。其三，就是将金属或合金的液体控制到尽可能低的温度凝固，使其凝固结晶的核心比较多，凝固后晶粒长大的程度也比较小，以得到完全凝固后的细晶组织。这三种类型的细晶铸造在充型能力方面都是比较差的，有个术语叫做：“粥状充型”因为液体里已经含有一些小固体颗粒了。这些固体颗粒在液体中的比例越多越难充型，但是这些固体颗粒在液体中的比例越少越，凝固以后合金晶粒组织就会越粗大。
申请号为201110430497.7，申请名称为一种熔点以下完全充型铸造方法，提供了一种将金属或合金的液体控制到低于其熔点的温度还不凝固的新型铸造技术，当金属或合金的纯液体控制到凝固点以下 足够低的温度时，突然撤去控制措施，此时就能得到极其均匀细小的合金晶粒组织，并且这种技术钢液充入铸型腔内的基本上是纯液体，而不是“粥状液体”，所以充型能力就会很好；其原理是在熔点温度以下(专业术语是：过冷)越低的温度凝固，金属或合金液体的凝固结晶热力学驱动力就越大，液体中的凝固结晶核心就越多，凝固后的晶粒组织不仅晶粒细小而且均匀。但是，上述方法还不够理想，主要是抑制凝固结晶的方法措施不独立于熔炼，造成或抑制力不够，或钢液无法降温。而且，当钢液浇注入铸型时，就任何抑制措施也没有了。
发明内容
鉴于上述的分析，本申请旨在提供一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉及使用方法，用以解决现有技术中抑制凝固结晶的方法措施不独立于熔炼，造成或抑制力不够，或钢液无法降温的问题，有效提高了铸件各部位晶粒组织的细小和均匀性。
基于上述问题，本申请提出一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉及使用方法，通过增设对熔化坩埚施加直流电流恒磁场及对铸造型腔中流动的金属或合金液体施加过冷措施的设备构造，能够得到过冷纯液体浇注充型和铸造组织晶粒尺寸极其细小及均匀效果的细晶组织。
本申请的目的主要是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉，主要包括：熔化坩埚、铸型、稳恒磁场磁极、铸型承载转盘，所述熔化坩埚位于所述铸型的 上方，所述稳恒磁场磁极位于所述铸型的周围，所述铸型承载转盘位于所述铸型的下端，并与所述铸型固定连接；所述熔化坩埚上设有交变电流感应圈和直流电稳恒磁场；所述熔化坩埚、稳恒磁场磁极、铸型承载转盘位于铸造炉内，所述铸型通过设备从炉门外放入所述铸型承载转盘上。
本申请在熔化坩埚上设有交变电流感应圈和直流电稳恒磁场，直流电稳恒磁场即直流电流感应圈，相当于坩埚是多重感应圈，交变电流感应圈用于钢液的熔化和控温，直流电流感应圈用于产生金属液体过冷的磁场，本申请实现了铸造型腔中的深过冷。
进一步的，所述熔化坩埚施加直流电稳恒磁场的感应线圈同时具有电阻式加热功能。
进一步的，所述熔化坩埚上安装有远红外和热电偶同时测温装置。
进一步的，所述稳恒磁场磁极分为稳恒磁场N极和稳恒磁场S极，所述稳恒磁场N极和稳恒磁场S极相对放置，所述铸型位于所述稳恒磁场N极和稳恒磁场S极中间。
进一步的，所述稳恒磁场磁极上安装有电阻应变片。
本申请在铸型周围设置稳恒磁场磁极，能够对铸型中流动的金属或合金液体施加过冷措施，实现铸型中液体的深过冷和高充型能力；在稳恒磁场磁极上安装电阻应变片，可通过测得磁极受力进而得出磁场强度值。
进一步的，所述铸型周围安装有可以活动组合式的加热元件。
可选地，所述加热元件为电阻丝。
进一步的，所述铸型承载转盘下端中心处安装有定位轴，所述定位轴不与炉外相通，只用于限定铸型承载盘的旋转中心，这对于炉内真空质量非常重要。
进一步的，所述铸型承载转盘在炉外以手动或电动方式慢速转动，所述铸型承载转盘由直径不小于25毫米不大于65毫米的慢速旋转轴输入，所述铸型承载转盘由棘轮带动旋转，铸型承载转盘的转速因此可由此棘轮累积加速旋转。
进一步的，所述铸型承载转盘下部设有铸型承载转盘承重轮，所述铸型承载转盘承重轮外围是齿环，所述齿环与棘轮相配合。
一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉的使用方法，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将铸型埋砂造型在一个砂箱内，其上放置耐火材料分流器，然后将此砂箱吊装、推入加热炉内加热到1000到1200℃，保温3到5个小时；
步骤2、打开炉门，将步骤1加热完成之后的砂箱拉出加热炉，用叉车将砂箱安放于该细晶铸造炉的铸型承载转盘上，并将固定插销插入定位销孔；
步骤3、打开炉盖，将熔化坩埚倾斜45度角；将熔铸用的母合金沿着坩埚口推入坩埚，同时将按母合金重量的0.01％±0.005％的脱氧碳配入坩埚；然后将坩埚复位；同时将炉门内侧的铸型保温电阻丝插合；
步骤4、检查红外测温和电偶测温反应是否正常，检查窥视孔可 否正常使用，检查各真空密封面是否洁净；然后，关闭炉盖和炉门；
步骤5、开启冷却水系统，内冷却水压力不小于每平方厘米1.5公斤，温度不高于35℃，各个部位无明显滴漏；
步骤6、开启真空系统，顺序为：机械泵、罗兹泵、扩散泵，依次按各自的真空门槛值到达后打开；同时开启铸型保温电阻丝加热电源；并且用手动转轮，将铸型承载转盘每5到10分钟旋转半周；
步骤7、当炉内真空度达到5～3Pa以下时，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源，待到母合金全部熔化之后，倾斜坩埚，用钢水烙烫坩埚嘴，至真空度可达3Pa以下，然后，提高功率，升温到合金熔点以上200℃～300℃，维持5到10分钟，停电降温，开启远红外和热电偶同时测温，当热电偶测得凝固温度时，读出远红外数值；然后，再度开启熔化坩埚熔化电源，待到母合金液体升温到合金熔点以上200℃±50℃时，开启坩埚直流稳恒磁场电源，然后关闭交流熔化电源，此时液体温度开始下降，此时每隔5到10分钟，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源功率的50％维持10秒钟；待到温度降至熔点以上50℃时，关闭铸型保温电阻丝加热电源，开启铸型周围的直流稳恒磁场电源，停止使用电偶测温，单独使用远红外测温，当液体温度降至远红外读数值之后，再继续降温10℃到20℃，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源功率的30％，倾转坩埚将钢液浇注入铸型；
如需施加铸型离心力，可在以上的倾转坩埚浇注之前，使用手轮或炉外电机带动炉内棘轮以带动铸型承载转盘转动至转速累积达到1转/1秒钟时，倾转坩埚将钢液浇注入铸型，5秒钟后停止铸型周围 的直流稳恒磁场电源；并且停止铸型承载转盘的转动输入；
步骤8、浇注完成后，关闭坩埚电源，依次关停各真空泵，顺序为：扩散泵、罗兹泵、机械泵；然后，各机构复位；待到炉内热工作部位温度降至150℃以下，关停冷却水；打开炉盖、炉门取出铸型；
步骤9、如果是连续开炉工作，即可在步骤8中的各机构复位之后，打开炉盖、炉门更换铸型和母合金，其步骤重新从步骤1开始。
本申请有益效果如下：
(1)本申请铸造炉抑制凝固结晶的方法独立于熔炼，从而造成了液相在持续降温的过程中，固相析出受到抑制，从而引起过冷；
(2)本申请通过在熔化坩埚和铸型都施加了直流电流产生的稳恒磁场，有效实现了在铸型中的深过冷和高充型能力；
(3)本申请增设了可由炉外慢速传动传输进入炉内的可以累积转速的铸型离心转盘，本炉为炉内棘轮带动铸型离心转盘累积转速，并且该转盘由承重轮承重，由定位轴定位，功能各自独立；尤其是定位轴槽孔不与炉外相通，因此无论转速多快也不会对真空系统产生影响。
附图说明
图1-1为金属液体中没有固体析出时磁力线分布形态图；
图1-2为金属液体中磁力线在固-液界面发生弯曲时磁力线分布形态图；
图2为本申请静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉核心部位构 造示意图；
图3为本申请静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉所制备的铸件结构示意图；
图4为本申请静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉铸造充型能力及各部位的晶粒组织示意图；
图5为普通铸造炉铸造的铸件的晶粒组织示意图；
图6为本申请静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉铸造的铸件的晶粒组织示意图。
图中，1-熔化坩埚，2-铸型，3-稳恒磁场磁极N极或S极，4-稳恒磁场磁极S极或N极，5-铸型承载转盘，6-铸型承载转盘承重轮，7-棘轮，8-铸型承载转盘旋转中心定位轴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图来具体描述本申请的优选实施例，其中，附图构成本申请一部分，并与本申请的实施例一起用于阐释本申请的原理。
本申请一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉及使用方法原理有二：
原理之一是：在有磁场存在的金属液体中，如果有金属固体析出，则具有有序原子点阵结构的金属固体远比完全无序的金属液体的铁磁性要高，从而固相中磁通量会增加，或者说磁力线的密度增加。这样，就会出现磁力线由液相进入固相时，磁力线密度将增加。使磁力线在固-液界面发生弯曲，而相互靠近之后才能进入固体，见图1中的磁力线分布形态。当液体中没有固体析出时磁力线是均匀平行的， 如图1-1，而当液体中有固体析出时，磁力线在固-液界面发生弯曲，而相互靠近之后，才能进入固体，如图1-2，然而，磁力线发生弯曲相互靠近，必须提供额外的能量，根据量子力学原理，此时在金属液体中，若要有固体核心生出，此现象的热力学驱动力必须跨越这个能量壁垒，从而造成了液相在持续降温的过程中，固相析出受到抑制，从而引起过冷。
原理之二是：本申请不仅在熔化坩埚，而且在铸型也都施加了直流电流产生的稳恒磁场。因此设备的构造上有两个改变，其一是：原来坩埚只有一个交变电流感应圈，而现在坩埚又增加了两个直流电流感应圈，等于坩埚是多重感应圈，交变电流感应圈用于钢液的熔化和控温，直流电流感应圈用于产生金属液体过冷的磁场。其二是：增加了对在铸造型腔中流动的金属或合金液体的过冷措施的设备构造。该构造产生过冷的原理是：采用直流电使在铸造型腔中流动的金属或合金液处于静磁场即稳恒磁场中，如图2的N极和S极之间，该液体作为导电体在该稳恒磁场中垂直于磁力线的方向上流动必然切割磁力线产生感生电流，而钢液也有电阻，这就使电流和钢液切割磁力线不同步，从而因带有电流的流动导体又必然受到洛仑兹力(H.A.Lorentz force)而使钢液流动受到阻力。但是因为钢液电阻很小，所以这个不同步会是很小，因此阻力也会很小。实验证明200安培的直流电所产生的稳恒磁场对1公斤以上的铁镍基金属液体流动的阻力已经小到常规手段无法察觉。因此，可以忽略不计。这样，采用对浇注液体施加人为介入因素，抑制降温液体中析出固体使其流动 性降低，保持浇注液体在熔点以下即过冷状态下完成充满铸型后再整体同时结晶的原理，该液体就会产生过冷。因此也就实现了在铸造型腔中的深过冷和高充型能力。
一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉的构造如图2所示，主要包括铸型承载转盘5、铸型2、棘轮7、铸型承载转盘旋转中心定位轴8、铸型承载转盘承重轮6、加热元件、稳恒磁场磁极、熔化坩埚1，熔化坩埚1位于铸型2的上方，铸型2安装于铸型承载转盘5的上方，在铸型承载转盘5下设有铸型承载转盘承重轮6和棘轮7，棘轮7用于带动铸型承载转盘5的转动，在铸型2的周围设有加热元件和稳恒磁场磁极，铸型承载转盘5下端中心部位设有铸型承载转盘旋转中心定位轴8，用于限定铸型承载转盘5的旋转中心。
其中，熔化坩埚1是具备稳恒磁场或称静磁场和交变磁场同时和单独施加能力的坩埚，用于盛放并熔化母合金，熔化坩埚1上施加有交变磁场及交变感应圈，同时，在熔化坩埚1上也施加有单独的稳恒磁场，也称为静磁场，即一个以上的感应线圈，静磁场感应线圈可以同时具有电阻式加热功能，而同类炉子只有交变感应圈；本申请中熔化坩埚1具有远红外和热电偶同时测温的构造，而同类炉子有的也有这两种测温手段，但是不能同时测温；
铸型2周围设有施加稳恒磁场或称静磁场的磁极，同类炉子没有，最为接近的，也是在铸型周围设有施加脉冲磁场的绕组；同时，本申请铸造炉在铸型2周围所设的施加稳恒磁场或称静磁场的磁极上安装有电阻应变片，可随时测出N—S极之间的吸引力F，因此可以 随时通过F＝BIL的电磁场公式计算出B—磁场强度的数值，本炉B＝1～2T(T-特斯拉)；
同时，在铸型2周围设有可以活动组合式的加热元件，本炉为电阻丝，而且可达1200℃以上，同类炉子有的有加热元件，但是，是固定式的，临时外加的，达不到1200℃，而且也不属于设备自身；
铸型承载转盘5可以在炉外以手动或电动两种方式慢速转动，随时停顿，用以均温和调整浇注位置，实现同炉多工位浇注，同类炉子有的有高速旋转的铸型承载转盘，但那是用于离心铸造的；因离心必须高速旋转的动力设备是非常庞大的，只能置于真空炉壳之外，其高速旋转轴由炉外通入炉内，高速旋转轴对真空密封的损坏从理论上说是不可避免的，这在国内已有多例失败的先例；铸型承载转盘5转动传输由直径不小于25毫米不大于65毫米的慢速旋转轴输入；其转速最大不超过1转/2秒钟，这低于目前已有的真空设备转动密封的能力，其实这就是现有真空设备转动手柄的速度，因此该旋转对真空密封的损坏是可以忽略不计的；铸型承载转盘5的转动由慢速旋转的棘轮7带动，因此铸型承载转盘5的转速可以累积，当累积至1转/1秒钟时，这对直径300毫米以上的铸件也具有离心铸造功能；该炉的铸型承载转盘5可以慢速转动是该炉的主要常用功能，目的是使铸型2周围的加热元件对铸型2的加热得以均匀，因为由图2可以看出，有磁极的两侧是没有电阻丝的；铸型承载转盘5采用铸型承载转盘旋转中心定位轴8限定旋转中心，此轴不承重，插入炉底定位槽孔，此槽孔为盲孔，与真空炉外不连通；铸型承载转盘5的下部设有多个承重轮，即 铸型承载转盘承重轮6，铸型承载转盘5的外围是转动传递的齿环，与由炉外输入旋转的棘轮7相配合，棘轮轴通往炉外，即向铸型承载转轴传输动力的慢速旋转轴；在铸型承载转盘5的承载面上还设有铸型限位销孔，铸型2通过固定插销插入铸型限位销孔；
铸型2由叉车从炉门外水平放置于炉内铸型承载转盘5上，然后关闭炉门，打开炉顶炉盖，将炉门内侧的加热元件电阻丝插接电源，母合金也是由炉顶打开炉盖放入坩埚，更换新坩埚也是由此。
一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉的使用方法，包括以下实施例：
实施例1：
步骤1.将6个铸型埋砂造型在一个砂箱内，其上放置耐火材料分流器，然后将此砂箱吊装、推入加热炉内加热到1100℃保温4小时；
步骤2.打开炉门，将步骤1加热完成之后的砂箱拉出加热炉，用叉车将砂箱安放于本申请细晶铸造炉的铸型承载转盘上，并将固定插销插入定位销孔；
步骤3.打开炉盖，将熔化坩埚倾斜45度角；将熔铸用的母合金55公斤沿着坩埚口推入坩埚，同时将按母合金重量的0.015％的脱氧碳配入坩埚；然后将坩埚复位，同时将炉门内侧的铸型保温电阻丝插入电源插口；
步骤4.红外测温和电偶测温反应正常，更换窥视孔已经熏黑的镜片，擦拭各真空密封面；然后，关闭炉盖和炉门；
步骤5.开启冷却水系统，内冷却水压力为每平方厘米1.8公斤，温度为25℃，各个部位查无明显滴漏；
步骤6.开启真空系统，顺序为：机械泵、罗兹泵、扩散泵，依次按各自的真空门槛值到达后打开；同时开启铸型保温电阻丝加热电源；并且用手动转轮，将铸型承载转盘每隔10分钟旋转半周；
步骤7.当炉内真空度达到3Pa时，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源，半功率15分钟之后，给满功率，待到母合金全部熔化之后，倾斜坩埚，用钢水烙烫坩埚嘴，至真空度达到2Pa，然后，提高功率，升温到1600℃，维持5分钟，停电降温，开启远红外和热电偶同时测温，当热电偶测得凝固温度值—1380，读出远红外数值—1330℃；然后，再度开启熔化坩埚熔化电源，待到母合金液体升温到1580℃时，开启坩埚直流稳恒磁场电源，然后关闭交流熔化电源，此时液体温度开始下降，此时每隔8分钟，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源满功率的50％维持10秒钟；待到温度降至1430℃时，关闭铸型保温电阻丝加热电源，开启铸型周围的直流稳恒磁场电源，停止使用电偶测温，单独使用远红外测温，当液体温度降至远红外读数值—1330℃之后，再继续降温到1315℃，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源功率的30％，倾转坩埚将钢液浇注入铸型，5秒钟后停止铸型周围的直流稳恒磁场电源；
步骤8.浇注完成后，关闭坩埚电源，依次关停各真空泵，顺序为：扩散泵、罗兹泵、机械泵；然后，各机构复位；待到炉内热工作部位温度降至150℃以下，可以关停冷却水；打开炉盖、炉门取出铸型。
实施例2：
步骤1.将1个铸型埋砂造型在一个砂箱内，然后将此砂箱吊装、推入加热炉内加热到1200℃保温4小时；
步骤2.打开炉门，将步骤1加热完成之后的砂箱拉出加热炉，用叉车将砂箱安放于该细晶铸造炉的铸型承载转盘上，并将固定插销插入定位销孔；
步骤3.打开炉盖，将熔化坩埚倾斜45度角；将熔铸用的母合金50公斤沿着坩埚口推入坩埚，同时将按母合金重量的0.010％的脱氧碳配入坩埚；然后将坩埚复位；同时将炉门内侧的铸型保温电阻丝插入电源插口；
步骤4.红外测温和电偶测温反应正常，更换窥视孔已经熏黑的镜片，擦拭各真空密封面；然后，关闭炉盖和炉门；
步骤5.开启冷却水系统，内冷却水压力为每平方厘米1.6公斤，温度为28℃，各个部位查无明显滴漏；
步骤6.开启真空系统，顺序为：机械泵、罗兹泵、扩散泵，依次按各自的真空门槛值到达后打开；同时开启铸型保温电阻丝加热电源；并且用手动转轮，将铸型承载转盘每隔10分钟旋转半周。
步骤7.当炉内真空度达到3Pa时，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源，半功率15分钟之后，给满功率，待到母合金全部熔化之后，倾斜坩埚，用钢水烙烫坩埚嘴，至真空度达到2Pa，然后，提高功率，升温到1580℃，维持5分钟，停电降温，开启远红外和热电偶同时测温，当热电偶测得凝固温度值—1380，读出远红外数值—1330℃；然后，再 度开启熔化坩埚熔化电源，待到母合金液体升温到1560℃时，开启坩埚直流稳恒磁场电源，然后关闭交流熔化电源，此时液体温度开始下降，此时每隔8分钟，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源满功率的50％维持10秒钟；待到温度降至1420℃时，关闭铸型保温电阻丝加热电源，开启铸型周围的直流稳恒磁场电源；转动炉外离心旋转手轮带动炉内棘轮进而带动炉内铸型承载转盘转动，至转速累积达到1转/1秒钟时，停止使用电偶测温，单独使用远红外测温，当液体温度降至远红外读数值—1330℃之后，再继续降温到1316℃，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源满功率的30％，倾转坩埚将钢液浇注入铸型，5秒钟后停止铸型周围的直流稳恒磁场电源，以及铸型承载转盘的转动。
步骤8.浇注完成后，关闭坩埚电源，依次关停各真空泵，顺序为：扩散泵、罗兹泵、机械泵；然后，各机构复位；待到炉内热工作部位温度降至150℃以下，可以关停冷却水；打开炉盖、炉门取出铸型。
其结果是：铸造型腔内所有棱角以及细微部位都全部充满，如图3所示，铸件各部位的晶粒组织都极其细小和均匀，晶粒最细尺寸已达0.03毫米以下，并且在此情况下仍能充满1.5毫米的薄片，如图4所示；图5和图6是现有相应的普通铸造炉的铸件的晶粒组织照片与本申请的新型铸造炉的铸件的晶粒组织的对比，由图中能够明显看出本申请新型铸造炉的铸件的晶粒组织细小且均匀。
综上所述，本申请提供了一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉及使用方法，通过在铸造炉增设了对熔化坩埚施加直流电稳恒磁场 的措施；并且还增设了对铸造型腔中流动的金属或合金液体施加过冷措施的设备构造，此构造为直流静电磁极，以及可由炉外慢速带动炉内的可累积转速的铸型离心转盘；研制出新型细晶铸造炉能够在金属或合金液体在坩埚内降温浇注时，对其施加直流电稳恒磁场抑制其凝固生核，同时还能够在金属或合金液体在铸型内降温凝固时，对其施加直流电稳恒磁场抑制其凝固生核，导致其产生深程度的过冷(工业条件下，已达10℃以上，结晶组织已明显异于常规铸造)，进而得到过冷纯液体浇注充型效果和铸造组织晶粒尺寸极其细小和均匀的效果。
以上所述，仅为本申请较佳的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉，其特征在于，主要包括：熔化坩埚、铸型、稳恒磁场磁极、铸型承载转盘，所述熔化坩埚位于所述铸型的上方，所述稳恒磁场磁极位于所述铸型的周围，所述铸型承载转盘位于所述铸型的下端，并与所述铸型固定连接；所述熔化坩埚上设有交变电流感应圈和直流电稳恒磁场；所述熔化坩埚、稳恒磁场磁极、铸型承载转盘位于铸造炉内，所述铸型通过设备从炉门外放入所述铸型承载转盘上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉，其特征在于，所述熔化坩埚施加直流电稳恒磁场的感应线圈同时具有电阻式加热功能；所述熔化坩埚上安装有远红外和热电偶同时测温装置。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉，其特征在于，所述稳恒磁场磁极分为稳恒磁场N极和稳恒磁场S极，所述稳恒磁场N极和稳恒磁场S极相对放置，所述铸型位于所述稳恒磁场N极和稳恒磁场S极中间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉，其特征在于，所述稳恒磁场磁极上安装有电阻应变片，可通过测得磁极受力进而得出磁场强度值。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉，其特征在于，所述铸型周围安装有可以活动组合式的加热元件。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉，其特征在于，所述铸型承载转盘下端中心处安装有定位轴，所述定位轴不与炉外相通，只用于限定铸型承载盘的旋转中心，保证炉内的真空环境。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉，其特征在于，所述铸型承载转盘在炉外以手动或电动方式慢速转动，所述铸型承载转盘由直径不小于25毫米不大于65毫米的慢速旋转轴输入，所述铸型承载转盘由棘轮带动旋转，铸型承载转盘的转速因此可由此棘轮累积加速旋转。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉，其特征在于，所述铸型承载转盘下部设有铸型承载转盘承重轮，所述铸型承载转盘承重轮外围是齿环，所述齿环与棘轮相配合。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8所述的一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉的使用方法，其特征在于，主要包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、将铸型埋砂造型在一个砂箱内，其上放置耐火材料分流器，然后将此砂箱吊装、推入加热炉内加热到1000到1200℃，保温3到5个小时；
    步骤2、打开炉门，将步骤1加热完成之后的砂箱拉出加热炉，用叉车将砂箱安放于该细晶铸造炉的铸型承载转盘上；
    步骤3、打开炉盖，将熔化坩埚倾斜45度角；将熔铸用的母合金沿着坩埚口推入坩埚，同时将按母合金重量的0.01％±0.005％的脱氧碳配入坩埚；将坩埚复位；同时将炉门内侧的铸型保温电阻丝插合；
    步骤4、检查红外测温和电偶测温反应是否正常，检查窥视孔可否正常使用，检查各真空密封面是否洁净；关闭炉盖和炉门；
    步骤5、开启冷却水系统，内冷却水压力不小于每平方厘米1.5公斤，温度不高于35℃，各个部位无明显滴漏；
    步骤6、开启真空系统，同时开启铸型保温电阻丝加热电源；并且用手动转轮，将铸型承载转盘每5到10分钟旋转半周；
    步骤7、当炉内真空度达到5～3Pa以下时，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源，待到母合金全部熔化之后，倾斜坩埚，用钢水烙烫坩埚嘴，至真空度可达3Pa以下，提高功率，升温到合金熔点以上200℃～300℃，维持5到10分钟，停电降温，开启远红外和热电偶同时测温，当热电偶测得凝固温度时，读出远红外数值；然后，再度开启熔化坩埚熔化电源，待到母合金液体升温到合金熔点以上200℃±50℃时，开启坩埚直流稳恒磁场电源，然后关闭交流熔化电源，此时液体温度开始下降，此时每隔5到10分钟，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源功率的50％维持10秒钟；待到温度降至熔点以上50℃时，关闭铸型保温电阻丝加热电源，开启铸型周围的直流稳恒磁场电源，停止使用电偶测温，单独使用远红外测温，当液体温度降至远红外读数值之后，再继续降温10℃到20℃，开启熔化坩埚熔化电源功率的30％，倾转坩埚将钢液浇注入铸型；
    步骤8、浇注完成后，关闭电源；
    步骤9、如果是连续开炉工作，即可在步骤8中的各机构复位之后，打开炉盖、炉门更换铸型和母合金，其步骤重新从步骤1开始。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉的使用方法，其特征在于，如需施加铸型离心力，在所述步骤7的倾转坩埚浇注之前，使用手轮或炉外电机带动炉内棘轮以带动铸型承载转盘转动至转速累积达到1转/1秒钟时，倾转坩埚将钢液浇注入铸型，5秒钟后停止铸型周围的直流稳恒磁场电源；并且停止铸型承载转盘的转动输入。
PCT/CN2017/103634 2017-04-17 2017-09-27 静磁致深过冷高充型能力细晶铸造炉及使用方法 Ceased WO2018192181A1 (zh)

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