WO2018188513A1 - 基于加热模式互补的微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法 - Google Patents

基于加热模式互补的微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2018188513A1
WO2018188513A1 PCT/CN2018/081936 CN2018081936W WO2018188513A1 WO 2018188513 A1 WO2018188513 A1 WO 2018188513A1 CN 2018081936 W CN2018081936 W CN 2018081936W WO 2018188513 A1 WO2018188513 A1 WO 2018188513A1
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microwave
heating
heating mode
temperature
temperature distribution
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李迎光
隋少春
周靖
李楠垭
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/66—Circuits
    • H05B6/68—Circuits for monitoring or control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave heating temperature uniformity control method, in particular to an microwave heating temperature uniformity active control method, in particular to an active control method for microwave heating temperature uniformity based on a complementary heating mode.
  • the microwave is an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 300M to 300 GHz.
  • Microwave heating is a heating method in which a material absorbs microwave energy and converts it into heat energy, thereby heating the material as a whole. Due to its high frequency characteristics, microwave electromagnetic fields are periodically changed at an alarming rate of billions of times per second. Polar molecules in the material (typically such as water molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, fats, carbohydrates, etc.) are in high frequency electromagnetic fields. Under the action, the polar motion is also performed at the same speed, causing frequent collisions between molecules to generate a large amount of frictional heat, which causes the temperature of the material to rise rapidly in a short time. Based on the above heating mechanism, microwave heating has a series of advantages such as fast heating speed, small temperature gradient, selective heating, and easy control. Therefore, it is widely used in various fields such as food processing, material processing, and chemical synthesis.
  • microwave heating technology has the problem that the temperature field of the same layer of material is not uniform.
  • the fundamental reason is that the electromagnetic field in the microwave cavity is in a standing wave state distribution.
  • the electric field or magnetic field intensity is high, the polar molecules inside the part vibrate violently, the temperature rises rapidly, and the temperature is high, forming a local hot spot; near the node, the electric field or magnetic field strength is close to zero, and the internal polar molecular vibration of the part is slight or even No vibration, slow temperature rise, low temperature, forming a local cold spot.
  • Uneven temperature distribution is a serious threat to the hygienic safety of food processing and the quality of part processing.
  • the existing method uses a material rotating tray and a microwave mode agitator to achieve random relative motion between the microwave field and the object to be heated to improve temperature uniformity.
  • the material rotating tray causes the heated material to sequentially pass through the region of the microwave chamber where the electric field (or magnetic field) has higher and lower intensity, and the temperature uniformity is improved by using a random offset effect between the cold spot and the hot spot on the same layer of material over a period of time.
  • the electromagnetic field mode agitator is provided with a series of rotating metal sheets at the microwave feed port of the cavity, and the incident electromagnetic waves are dynamically dispersed into various regions of the cavity, and the temperature uniformity of the same layer of the parts is improved by the random superposition effect of the dynamic electromagnetic field in a period of time. Sex.
  • the materials rotating tray, electromagnetic field mode agitator and the like are in principle a method of random compensation of temperature distribution, and it is essentially difficult to achieve precise control of the temperature distribution of the same layer of materials in the microwave heating process.
  • the present invention provides an active control method for microwave heating temperature uniformity based on complementary heating modes (heating mode refers to a distribution law of heating rate at each point of the same layer of material to be heated).
  • heating mode refers to a distribution law of heating rate at each point of the same layer of material to be heated.
  • the method preheats the part to be heated to obtain the heating mode of the part under different microwave system setting parameters, monitors the temperature distribution of the same layer material in real time during the microwave heating process, and automatically matches the complementary heating mode for the uneven temperature distribution.
  • Real-time adjustment of microwave system setting parameters to actively compensate for uneven temperature distribution.
  • the invention breaks through the principle of microwave uneven heating from the principle, and can significantly improve the temperature uniformity of the heated object in the microwave heating process.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the problem of uneven temperature distribution of the same layer of materials in the present part of microwave heating, and to invent an active control method for microwave heating temperature uniformity based on complementary heating modes, and break through the problem of microwave uneven heating in principle. Achieve uniform microwave heating of the part.
  • An active control method for microwave heating temperature uniformity based on complementary heating mode characterized in that: by preheating a part to be heated to obtain a heating mode of the part under different microwave system setting parameters, a microwave system setting parameter for the part is constructed. ——heating mode database; when the part is subjected to microwave heating, the temperature distribution of the same layer of material of the part is monitored in real time.
  • the rapid retrieval in the microwave system setting parameter-heating mode database can be The heating mode complementary to the current heating mode, and correspondingly adjusting the microwave system setting parameters according to the retrieved heating mode, actively compensating for the uneven temperature distribution on the same layer of materials of the part; the above temperature monitoring, pattern retrieval and active compensation process are real-time and repeated Perform until the microwave heating process of the part is completed.
  • the microwave system setting parameter described above - the heating mode in the heating mode database should meet any temperature distribution compensation required for the parts in the microwave heating process. For example, in the microwave heating process, the hottest spot (or the coldest spot) on the same layer of material of the part is compensated, and the sum of the areas of the hottest (or coldest spot) in the heating mode collected in the database is equal to the entire part. Area; and so on.
  • the above-mentioned part preheating process can be repeated multiple times, and each heating and cooling cycle can collect one or more heating modes, but the highest preheating temperature should not affect the structure and performance of the parts.
  • the microwave heating mode database After the microwave heating mode database is constructed, the microwave heating mode in the database can be classified and analyzed to improve the mode retrieval efficiency.
  • the microwave system setting parameters that can be adjusted in real time during the heating process such as the number of microwave sources, the position of the microwave source, the power ratio of each microwave source, and the microwave frequency are preferentially selected.
  • the non-uniform temperature distribution of the parts during the microwave heating process is actively compensated, and the problem of uneven heating of the microwave is broken in principle, and the heated object is significantly improved in the microwave heating process. Temperature uniformity.
  • a chopped carbon fiber felt/epoxy composite flat plate part (length 400 mm, width 400 mm, thickness 3 mm) is used as a heating object, and an octagonal high-performance industrial microwave oven having a 16-channel microwave source is used as a heating curing equipment.
  • U is the control strategy for the heating mode of the composite part
  • ⁇ is the switching state of a microwave source in the microwave cavity (value is 0 or 1)
  • l is the number of a specific microwave source in the microwave cavity (value is less than or equal to 16).
  • U the heating mode of a composite part can be described as:
  • HP is the heating mode of composite parts, The normalized rate of temperature rise at a point on the surface of the composite.
  • the preheating method is used to establish the control strategy of the part - the heating mode database.
  • the maximum heating temperature of the preheating process is 70 ° C
  • the composite sheet is cooled when the temperature reaches 70 ° C, and then the composite sheet is repeatedly preheated until a sufficient microwave heating mode is obtained.
  • the heating mode database includes 800 heating modes, and the calculation basis is: each of the temperature measuring regions has two states of cold spot and hot spot. .
  • various control strategies are used to adjust the microwave system setting parameters in real time, and the infrared heating imager is used to monitor the heating mode of the composite parts under each control strategy.
  • the temperature increment of each point on the surface of the part during the kth control strategy is obtained; the above temperature increment is divided by the running time.
  • each heating mode is associated with a respective control strategy to establish a control strategy for the part, the heating mode database.
  • the temperature distribution of the surface of the part is monitored by infrared thermal imager.
  • the heating strategy complementary to the current temperature distribution is quickly retrieved in the control strategy-heating mode database.
  • Mode and adjust the microwave system setting parameters in real time according to the control strategy of the retrieved heating mode, and actively compensate the uneven temperature distribution of the surface of the part; the above temperature monitoring, pattern retrieval and active compensation process are performed in real time and repeatedly until the curing of the composite board is completed. forming.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于加热模式互补的微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法。该方法通过对待加热零件预加热以获得不同微波系统设置参数下该零件的加热模式，在微波加热过程中实时监测零件同一层材料的温度分布，对不均匀的温度分布自动匹配互补的加热模式，实时调整微波系统设置参数，对不均匀的温度分布进行主动补偿。从原理上突破了微波不均匀加热的难题，大大提高了零件在微波加热过程中的温度均匀性。

Description

基于加热模式互补的微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种微波加热温度均匀性控制方法，尤其是一种微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法，具体地说是一种基于加热模式互补的微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法。
背景技术
微波是频率为300M至300GHz的电磁波。微波加热是材料依靠吸收微波能并将其转换成热能，从而使材料整体同时升温的加热方式。由于具有高频特性，微波电磁场以数十亿次/秒的惊人速度进行周期性变化，材料中的极性分子(典型的如水分子、蛋白质、核酸、脂肪、碳水化合物等)在高频电磁场的作用下亦以同样的速度做极性运动，致使分子间频繁碰撞而产生大量摩擦热，从而导致物料在短时间内温度迅速升高。基于上述加热机理，微波加热具有加热速度快、温度梯度小、选择性加热、易于控制等一系列优点，因此被广泛应用于食品加工、材料处理、化学合成等各大领域。
然而，微波加热技术存在零件同一层材料温度场不均匀的难题。其根本原因在于微波腔体内电磁场呈驻波状态分布。在波腹附近，电场或磁场强度高，零件内部极性分子振动剧烈，升温迅速、温度高，形成局部热点；在波节附近，电场或磁场强度接近于零，零件内部极性分子振动轻微甚至不振动，升温缓慢、温度低，形成局部冷点。温度不均匀分布严重威胁食品加工的卫生安全和零件处理的成型质量。 现有方法采用物料旋转托盘和微波模式搅拌器等实现微波场和被加热对象间的随机相对运动来改善温度均匀性。物料旋转托盘使被加热材料依次通过微波腔体内电场(或磁场)强度较高和较低的区域，利用一段时间内零件同一层材料上冷点和热点间的随机抵消效应提高温度均匀性。电磁场模式搅拌器在腔体内微波馈口处设置一系列旋转的金属片，将入射的电磁波动态地分散至腔体内各个区域，利用一段时间内动态电磁场的随机叠加效应改善零件同一层材料的温度均匀性。但物料旋转托盘、电磁场模式搅拌器等手段从原理上属于温度分布随机补偿的方法，从本质上难以实现对微波加热过程中零件同一层材料温度分布的精确控制。
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种基于加热模式互补的微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法(加热模式是指被加热对象同一层材料各点升温速率的分布规律)。该方法通过对待加热零件预加热以获得该零件在不同微波系统设置参数下的加热模式，在微波加热过程中实时监测零件同一层材料的温度分布，对不均匀的温度分布自动匹配互补的加热模式，实时调整微波系统设置参数，对不均匀的温度分布进行主动补偿。本发明从原理上突破了微波不均匀加热的难题，可以显著提高被加热对象在微波加热过程中的温度均匀性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对目前微波加热存在的零件同一层材料温度分布不均匀的问题，发明一种基于加热模式互补的微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法，从原理上突破微波不均匀加热的难题，实现零件的均匀微波加热。
本发明的技术方案是：
一种基于加热模式互补的微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法，其特征在于：通过对待加热零件预加热以获得该零件在不同微波系统设置参数下的加热模式，构建针对该零件的微波系统设置参数——加热模式数据库；对该零件进行微波加热时，实时监测该零件同一层材料的温度分布情况，当温度差超过设定值时，在微波系统设置参数——加热模式数据库中快速检索能与当前加热模式互补的加热模式，并根据检索到的加热模式对应地调整微波系统设置参数，主动补偿该零件同一层材料上的不均匀温度分布；上述温度监测、模式检索和主动补偿过程实时、反复进行，直至完成零件的微波加热过程。
上述的微波系统设置参数——加热模式数据库中的加热模式应满足微波加热过程中零件所需的任何温度分布补偿情况。例如，在微波加热过程中需对零件同一层材料上的最热点(或最冷点)进行补偿，则数据库中所收集的加热模式上最热点(或最冷点)的面积之和等于整个零件面积；以此类推。
上述的零件预加热过程可重复多次进行，每次升降温循环可收集一个或多个加热模式，但最高预加热温度应不影响零件的结构和性能。微波加热模式数据库构建完成后，可对该数据库中的微波加热模式进行分类分析以提高模式检索效率。
优先选择微波源数量、微波源位置、各微波源功率比例、微波频率等加热过程中可实时调整的微波系统设置参数。
本发明的有益效果：
基于在线监测零件温度分布和加热模式互补方法主动补偿零件在微波加热过程中出现的不均匀温度分布，从原理上突破了微波不均匀加热的难题，显著提高了被加热对象在微波加热过程中的温度均匀性。
具体实施方式
一种基于加热模式互补的复合材料微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法，其具体步骤如下：
本实施例采用短切碳纤维毡/环氧树脂复合材料平板零件(长度400mm，宽度400mm，厚度3mm)为加热对象，采用具有16路微波源的八边形高性能工业微波炉为加热固化装备。采用微波系统设置参数中不同微波源数量和不同微波源分布位置作为复合材料零件加热模式的控制策略，可描述为下式：
U＝[δ 1,δ 2,L,δ l]
其中，U为复合材料零件加热模式的控制策略，δ为微波腔体内某个微波源的开关状态(取值为0或1)，l为微波腔体内某特定微波源的编号(取值小于等于16)。在特定控制策略U下，复合材料零件的加热模式可描述为下式：
Figure PCTCN2018081936-appb-000001
其中，HP为复合材料零件的加热模式，
Figure PCTCN2018081936-appb-000002
为复合材料表面某点的 归一化升温速率。本实施例中，采用红外热像仪监测复合材料平板表面的温度分布，并将复合材料表面均分为20×20个测温区域(m＝n＝20)，即每个加热模式由一个20×20的升温速率矩阵构成。
将上述复合材料零件放入微波腔体后，采用预加热方法建立该零件的控制策略——加热模式数据库。预加热过程的最高加热温度为70℃，当温度达到70℃时对复合材料板进行降温，然后重复对复合材料板进行预加热过程，直至获得足够的微波加热模式。本实施例仅对微波加热过程中零件表面的最热点或最冷点进行补偿，因此加热模式数据库包含800个加热模式，测算依据是：使每个测温区域均存在冷点和热点两种状态。在零件预加热过程中，采用多种控制策略实时调整微波系统设置参数，并采用红外热像仪监测每个控制策略下复合材料零件的加热模式。通过采用t k时刻零件的温度分布状态减去t k-1时刻零件的温度分布状态即获得第k个控制策略运行过程中零件表面各点的温度增量；采用上述温度增量除以运行时间δt＝t k-t k-1，即获得第k个控制策略下复合材料零件对应的加热模式。在获得需要的800个加热模式后，将每个加热模式和各自的控制策略进行关联，建立该零件的控制策略——加热模式数据库。
对该零件进行微波加热固化时，采用红外热像仪实时监测该零件表面的温度分布情况，当最大温差超过6℃时，在控制策略——加热模式数据库中快速检索与当前温度分布互补的加热模式，并根据所检索加热模式的控制策略实时调整微波系统设置参数，主动补偿零件表面不均匀的温度分布；上述温度监测、模式检索和主动补偿过程实时、 反复进行，直至完成复合材料板的固化成型。
以上仅是本发明的具体应用范例，对本发明的保护范围不构成任何限制。凡采用等同变换或是等效替换而形成的技术方案，均落在本发明权利保护范围之内。
本发明未涉及部分均与现有技术相同或可采用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种基于加热模式互补的微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法，其特征在于：在微波加热过程中实时监测零件同一层材料的温度分布，对不均匀的温度分布自动匹配互补的加热模式，实时调整微波系统设置参数，对不均匀的温度分布进行主动补偿。
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CN107071953A (zh) * 2017-04-10 2017-08-18 南京航空航天大学 基于加热模式互补的微波加热温度均匀性主动控制方法
CN108563121B (zh) * 2018-04-12 2021-06-15 南京航空航天大学 基于历史数据的微波加热温度场智能监控方法
CN108366446B (zh) * 2018-04-13 2021-01-12 南京航空航天大学 基于时变电磁场的微波加热温度场控制方法
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