WO2018188385A1 - 激光选区熔化装置及3d打印机 - Google Patents

激光选区熔化装置及3d打印机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018188385A1
WO2018188385A1 PCT/CN2018/000093 CN2018000093W WO2018188385A1 WO 2018188385 A1 WO2018188385 A1 WO 2018188385A1 CN 2018000093 W CN2018000093 W CN 2018000093W WO 2018188385 A1 WO2018188385 A1 WO 2018188385A1
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Prior art keywords
arm
rotating
sub
driving
mechanical arm
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PCT/CN2018/000093
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English (en)
French (fr)
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窦鹤鸿
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窦鹤鸿
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Publication of WO2018188385A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018188385A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/46—Radiation means with translatory movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/226—Driving means for rotary motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of laser selective melting metal 3D printing technology, in particular to a laser selective melting device and a 3D printer.
  • Additive manufacturing 3D printing technology is based on digital model files (CAD), using powdered metal, PVC, resin, fiber and other materials, through fused deposition, laser sintering, laser melting, laser curing, laser cladding
  • CAD digital model files
  • the laser selective metal melting 3D printing technology is scanned by a high-energy density laser beam under the control of a computer program, and the pre-laminated metal powder layer is selectively melted and metallurgically bonded to the substrate, and then continuously layered, scanned, and Melting, and finally completing the manufacturing process of three-dimensional metal parts, is a metal 3D printing technology that is widely used in the field of additive manufacturing.
  • the technology can manufacture metal parts with complex shapes.
  • the molded parts have good mechanical properties and high precision, and the density reaches more than 99% of traditional metallurgical parts. It is important in medical, aerospace, military, nuclear power construction, product development and other fields. application.
  • the laser beam of the laser selective melting 3D printer is selectively melted by the laser galvanometer to the metal powder layer, and the position of the laser beam irradiated by the metal powder layer is adjusted by adjusting the deflection angle of the laser galvanometer to melt Metal powder layer at different locations.
  • the laser beam is irradiated to the metal powder layer in a small range, which makes the size of the molding component of the process technology equipment small, which seriously restricts the promotion of the process technology and its equipment worldwide. application.
  • the largest size component of the world using laser selective melting process equipment is 500mm long x 500mm wide x 500mm high.
  • China's Ministry of Science and Technology has allocated a total of 400 million yuan for the scientific and technological projects in the field of additive manufacturing, including 3,800,000 yuan for the scientific and technological research projects of the two laser-selected melting process equipment, one of which is to tackle the forming size.
  • the implementation period of the project is 5 years.
  • the use of this technology equipment to form large-sized components with a size range of more than 500mm ⁇ 500mm ⁇ 500mm has become an important competitive direction for countries around the world to seize the commanding heights of intelligent high-end manufacturing technology.
  • the invention provides a laser selection melting device, the laser selection melting device comprises: a fixing seat, a driving mechanism, a first rotating mechanism, a rotating arm and a mechanical arm; one end of the rotating arm is rotatably connected with the fixing seat, The other end is rotatably connected to one end of the mechanical arm; the driving mechanism is coupled to the rotating arm for driving the rotating arm to rotate relative to the fixed seat to move the mechanical arm back and forth; a rotating mechanism is coupled to the mechanical arm for driving the mechanical arm to rotate relative to the rotating arm to move the mechanical arm to the left and right;
  • the fixing base is fixed on a box of the 3D printer; the laser arm is used to mount a laser coupling and excitation mechanism of the 3D printer; the driving mechanism and the first rotating mechanism are both used for the 3D printer
  • the control system is electrically connected.
  • the mechanical arm includes a first sub-arm, a second sub-arm, and a second rotating mechanism; the first sub-arm is rotatably coupled to the second sub-arm; the second rotating mechanism and the second a sub-arm connection for driving the second sub-arm to rotate relative to the first sub-arm to move the second sub-arm to the left and right; the second rotating mechanism is for electrically connecting with a control system of the 3D printer; The first rotating mechanism is coupled to the first sub-arm for driving the first sub-arm to rotate relative to the rotating arm.
  • the mechanical arm further includes a third sub-arm; one end of the third sub-arm is connected to one end of the second sub-arm; and the laser coupling and excitation for mounting a 3D printer on the third sub-arm mechanism.
  • the mechanical arm further includes a third rotating mechanism; one end of the third sub-arm is rotatably connected to one end of the second sub-arm; and the third rotating mechanism is connected to the third sub-arm, Driving the third sub-arm to rotate relative to the second sub-arm; the third rotating mechanism is for electrically connecting with a control system of the 3D printer.
  • the driving mechanism includes a driving motor; the driving motor is disposed on the fixing base; and the rotating arm is fixedly connected to a power output shaft of the driving motor.
  • the rotating mechanism includes a rotating motor, a rotating shaft, a driving gear fixedly disposed on the rotating motor, and a driven gear fixedly disposed on the rotating shaft;
  • the rotating shaft is rotatably disposed at the rotating arm away from the rotating mechanism
  • One end of the fixed seat, one end of the mechanical arm is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft;
  • the rotating electric machine is disposed on the mechanical arm, and the driving gear meshes with the driven gear.
  • a plurality of fixing protrusions are sequentially disposed along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft; one end of the mechanical arm is provided with a connecting barrel; and the inner wall of the connecting barrel is along the A plurality of fixing grooves are disposed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the connecting cylinder; and the plurality of fixing grooves are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of fixing protrusions.
  • one end of the mechanical arm is provided with two fixing pieces at intervals; each of the fixing pieces is provided with a through hole through which the rotating shaft is disposed; the fixing protrusion and the connecting tube are located at two places. Between the fixed pieces.
  • the second rotating mechanism has the same structural form as the first rotating mechanism.
  • the present invention also provides a 3D printer comprising the laser selective melting device of the present invention.
  • the laser selection melting device comprises a fixing seat, a driving mechanism, a first rotating mechanism, a rotating arm and a mechanical arm.
  • the fixing seat is fixed on the box of the 3D printer, and the laser coupling and the excitation mechanism are installed on the machine.
  • the drive mechanism and the first rotating mechanism are electrically connected to the control system of the 3D printer.
  • the control system of the 3D printer controls the driving mechanism and the first rotating mechanism.
  • the driving mechanism drives the rotating arm to rotate relative to the fixed seat to move the mechanical arm back and forth.
  • the first rotating mechanism drives the mechanical arm to rotate relative to the rotating arm, so that the mechanical arm moves left and right.
  • the laser coupling on the mechanical arm and the excitation mechanism are moved back and forth or left and right, the laser coupling and the excitation mechanism are adjusted to a preset position, and the metal powder layer irradiated onto the working surface is selectively melted, and finally the forming and manufacturing of the member is completed.
  • the laser selective melting device, the driving mechanism and the first rotating mechanism of the invention drive the mechanical arm to move back and forth and left and right, thereby driving the laser coupling and the excitation mechanism to move and work, so that the processing area of the laser coupling and the excitation mechanism is not affected by the laser vibration.
  • the limitation of the mirror deflection angle, the range of the laser beam irradiated to the metal powder layer is greatly improved, and is suitable for the production of various technical components of the form and structure. The user can be in the same according to the size of the equipment and the actual size of the molded part.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laser selective melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic partial structural view of a rotating arm and a mechanical arm in a laser selective melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a rotating shaft in a laser selective melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a connecting barrel in a laser selective melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a top plan view of a driving mechanism in a laser selective melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a rotating shaft and a fixing piece in a laser selective melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • connection In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed or detachable, for example, unless otherwise explicitly defined and defined. Connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • Connected, or integrally connected can be mechanical or electrical; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of the two components.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
  • a laser selective melting device includes: a fixed seat 1 , a driving mechanism, and a driving mechanism. a first rotating mechanism, a rotating arm 2 and a mechanical arm 3; one end of the rotating arm 2 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 1, and the other end is rotatably connected to one end of the mechanical arm 3; the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating arm 2 for driving the rotating arm 2 Rotating relative to the fixed seat 1 to move the mechanical arm 3 forward and backward; the first rotating mechanism is coupled to the mechanical arm 3 for driving the mechanical arm 3 to rotate relative to the rotating arm 2 to move the mechanical arm 3 to the left and right; the fixing base 1 is fixed On the cabinet of the 3D printer; the laser coupling and excitation mechanism for mounting the 3D printer on the robot arm 3; the drive mechanism and the first rotation mechanism are both for electrically connecting with the control system of the 3D printer.
  • the laser selection melting device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a fixing base 1, a driving mechanism, a first rotating mechanism, a rotating arm 2 and a mechanical arm 3.
  • the fixing base 1 is fixed on the box of the 3D printer, and the laser coupling
  • the excitation mechanism is mounted on the robot arm 3, and the drive mechanism and the first rotation mechanism are electrically connected to the control system of the 3D printer.
  • the control system of the 3D printer controls the driving mechanism and the first rotating mechanism.
  • the driving mechanism drives the rotating arm 2 to rotate relative to the fixed seat 1 to move the mechanical arm 3 back and forth
  • the first rotating mechanism drives the mechanical arm 3 to rotate relative to the rotating arm 2, so that
  • the mechanical arm 3 moves to the left and right, that is, the one end of the mechanical arm 3 away from the rotating arm 2 moves left and right, thereby adjusting the distance from the end of the mechanical arm 3 to the fixed seat 1, so that the laser coupling on the mechanical arm 3 and the excitation mechanism are opposite to the fixed seat.
  • 1 Move back and forth or left and right, adjust the laser coupling and excitation mechanism to the preset position, and selectively irradiate the metal powder layer on the working surface to complete the forming and manufacturing of the component.
  • the laser selective melting device, the driving mechanism and the first rotating mechanism of the invention drive the mechanical arm to move back and forth and left and right, thereby driving the laser coupling and the excitation mechanism to move and work, so that the processing area of the laser coupling and the excitation mechanism is not affected by the laser vibration.
  • the limitation of the mirror deflection angle, the range of the laser beam irradiated to the metal powder layer is greatly improved, and is suitable for the production of various technical components of the form and structure. The user can be in the same according to the size of the equipment and the actual size of the molded part.
  • left and right sides of the present invention refer to the direction from left to right in FIG. 1, and the front and rear directions refer to the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG.
  • the driving mechanism may be in various forms, for example, the driving mechanism includes a driving motor 10, a fixed shaft 12, The first gear 11 and the second gear 13 meshing with the first gear 11 , the fixed shaft 12 is rotatably disposed on the fixed seat 1 , the second gear 13 is fixedly disposed on the fixed shaft 12 , and the driving motor 10 is fixedly disposed on the fixed seat In the first direction, the first gear 11 is disposed on the power output shaft of the drive motor 10, and the rotary arm 2 is fixedly coupled to the fixed shaft 12.
  • the driving mechanism may be in various forms, for example, the driving mechanism includes a driving motor 10, a fixed shaft 12, The first gear 11 and the second gear 13 meshing with the first gear 11 , the fixed shaft 12 is rotatably disposed on the fixed seat 1 , the second gear 13 is fixedly disposed on the fixed shaft 12 , and the driving motor 10 is fixedly disposed on the fixed seat In the first direction, the first gear 11 is disposed on the power output shaft of the drive motor 10, and the rotary arm 2 is fixedly
  • the driving motor 10 is activated, the driving motor 10 drives the first gear 11 to rotate, the first gear 11 drives the second gear 13 to rotate, and the second gear 13 drives the fixed shaft 12 and the rotating arm 2 to rotate, thereby causing the mechanical arm 3 to move back and forth.
  • the mechanical arm 3 includes a first sub-arm 31, a second sub-arm 32, and a second rotating mechanism; the first sub-arm 31 is rotatably coupled to the second sub-arm 32; and the second rotating mechanism Connected to the second sub-arm 32 for driving the second sub-arm 32 to rotate relative to the first sub-arm 31 to move the second sub-arm 32 to the left and right; the second rotating mechanism is for electrically connecting with the control system of the 3D printer; A rotating mechanism is coupled to the first sub-arm 31 for driving the first sub-arm 31 to rotate relative to the rotating arm 2.
  • the mechanical arm 3 is disposed as the first sub-arm 31 and the second sub-arm 32.
  • the driving mechanism drives the rotating arm 2 to rotate, the first rotating mechanism drives the first sub-arm 31 to rotate, and the second rotating mechanism drives the second
  • the sub-arm 32 is rotated such that the first sub-arm 31 and the second sub-arm 32 move left and right, and the laser coupling and excitation mechanism are disposed on the second sub-arm 32, so that the laser coupling and the excitation mechanism can be moved left and right.
  • the range of the left and right movement of the mechanical arm 3 can be made larger, so that the position of the laser coupling and the excitation mechanism is wider, and the manufacturing is formed.
  • the size of the components is larger.
  • the first sub-arm 31 and the second sub-arm 32 are rotatably connected by a connecting member 34.
  • the mechanical arm 3 further includes a third sub-arm 33; one end of the third sub-arm 33 is connected to one end of the second sub-arm 32; and the third sub-arm 33 is used for mounting a 3D printer. Laser coupling and excitation mechanism.
  • the laser coupling and the excitation mechanism are mounted on the third sub-arm 33, which does not hinder the rotation and movement of the second sub-arm 32, and is convenient for installation and use.
  • the mechanical arm 3 further includes a third rotating mechanism; one end of the third sub-arm 33 is rotatably connected to one end of the second sub-arm 32; and the third rotating mechanism is connected to the third sub-arm 33.
  • the third rotating mechanism is for electrically connecting with the control system of the 3D printer.
  • the third sub-arm 33 is rotatably coupled to the second sub-arm 32.
  • the third sub-arm 33 can be rotated relative to the second sub-arm 32 to adjust the laser coupling.
  • the working angle of the excitation mechanism that is, the position of the laser coupling and the excitation mechanism is finely adjusted, so that the beam irradiation position is more precise.
  • the structure of the third rotating mechanism can be the same as that of the first rotating mechanism.
  • the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor; the driving motor is disposed on the fixing base 1; and the rotating arm 2 is fixedly connected with the power output shaft of the driving motor.
  • the driving mechanism is set as a driving motor, and the rotating arm 2 is driven to rotate relative to the fixed seat 1 by the driving motor, and the structure is simple.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic partial structural view of a rotating arm and a mechanical arm in a laser selective melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a rotating shaft in a laser selective melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the first rotating mechanism includes a rotating motor, a rotating shaft 4, a driving gear 5 fixedly disposed on the rotating motor, and a driven gear 6 fixedly disposed on the rotating shaft 4; the rotating shaft 4 rotates
  • the rotating arm 2 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 4, and the rotating gear is disposed on the mechanical arm 3, and the driving gear 5 meshes with the driven gear 6.
  • the rotating motor drives the driving gear 5 to rotate
  • the driving gear 5 drives the driven gear 6 to rotate
  • the driven gear 6 drives the rotating shaft 4 and the mechanical arm 3 to rotate relative to the rotating arm 2, and has a simple structure and is convenient for installation and use.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a connecting barrel in a laser selective melting device according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, on the basis of the above embodiment, further, the outer wall of the rotating shaft 4 is along the rotating shaft 4.
  • a plurality of fixing protrusions 7 are disposed at intervals in the circumferential direction; one end of the mechanical arm 3 is provided with a connecting barrel 8; on the inner wall of the connecting barrel 8, a plurality of fixing grooves are sequentially spaced along the circumferential direction of the connecting barrel 8 9; a plurality of fixing grooves 9 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of fixing protrusions 7.
  • the mechanical arm 3 and the rotating shaft 4 are fixedly connected by the fixing protrusion 7 and the fixing groove 9 , and the structure is simple and convenient for installation.
  • the plurality of fixing protrusions 7 cooperate with the plurality of fixing grooves 9, so that the fixing of the mechanical arm 3 and the rotating shaft 4 is more stable and stable.
  • the fixing groove 9 and the fixing protrusion 7 are respectively four, and the four fixing protrusions 7 are evenly distributed on the peripheral wall of the rotating shaft 4, and the four fixing grooves 9 are evenly spacedly distributed on the peripheral wall of the connecting barrel 8.
  • the four fixing protrusions 7 are respectively engaged with the four fixing grooves 9 in one-to-one correspondence, so that the rotating shaft 4 and the connecting barrel 8 are balanced by force, thereby enhancing the stability of the connection, and at the same time, avoiding the rotating shaft 4 and the connection.
  • the partial force of the cylinder 8 is excessively damaged, and the service life of the rotating shaft 4 and the connecting cylinder 8 is extended.
  • one end of the rotating arm 2 is spaced apart from two fixing pieces 14; each fixing piece 14 is provided with a through hole through which the rotating shaft 4 is disposed; the fixing protrusion 7 and the connecting barrel 8 Both are located between the two fixing pieces 14.
  • the rotating shaft 4 is disposed in the through hole of the two fixing pieces 14, and the fixing protrusion 7 and the connecting barrel 8 are located between the two fixing pieces 14, thereby rotatingly connecting the rotating shaft 4 and the rotating arm 2, thereby also making The shaft 4 is balanced by force.
  • the utility model further comprises two copper sleeves 15 , and two copper sleeves 15 are sleeved on the rotating shaft 4 .
  • Two copper sleeves 15 are located on both sides of the fixing protrusion 7 and between the fixing protrusion 7 and the fixing piece 14.
  • the thickness of the copper sleeve 15 is the same as the height of the fixing protrusion 7, that is, the thickness of the copper sleeve 15 and
  • the sum of the radii of the shaft 4 is equal to the radius of the through hole in the fixed piece 14.
  • the second rotating mechanism has the same structural form as the first rotating mechanism.
  • the present invention further provides a 3D printer comprising the laser selective melting device of the present invention.
  • the working principle of the laser selective melting device is the same as above, and will not be described here.

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Abstract

一种激光选区熔化装置，包括：固定座（1）、驱动机构、第一转动机构、旋转臂（2）以及机械臂（3）；旋转臂的一端与固定座转动连接，另一端与机械臂的一端转动连接；驱动机构与旋转臂连接，用于驱动旋转臂相对固定座转动，以使机械臂前后移动；第一转动机构与机械臂连接，用于驱动机械臂相对旋转臂转动，以使机械臂左右移动。驱动机构和第一转动机构带动机械臂前后和左右移动。激光耦合与激发机构安装在机械臂上，活动范围较广，不受激光振镜偏转角度的限制，激光光束照射到金属粉末层的范围较大，成型构件尺寸较大。以及一种具有上述激光选区熔化装置的3D打印机。

Description

激光选区熔化装置及3D打印机 技术领域
本发明涉及激光选区熔化金属3D打印技术领域，尤其是涉及一种激光选区熔化装置及3D打印机。
背景技术
增材制造3D打印技术是一种以数字模型文件(CAD)为基础，运用粉末状金属、PVC、树脂、纤维等材料，通过熔融沉积、激光烧结、激光熔化、激光固化、激光熔覆的方式通过专用软件对CAD三维构型物体，进行切片降维，然后按片逐层打印物体的构造技术，是制造业中正在迅速发展的一项新兴技术，在英国《经济学人》杂志《第三次工业革命》一文中被称为第三次工业革命的重要标志之一。
激光选区熔化金属3D打印技术是在计算机程序的控制下利用高能量密度激光束进行扫描，将预先铺设好的金属粉末层进行选择性熔化并与基体冶金结合，然后不断逐层铺粉、扫描、熔化，最终完成三维金属零部件的制造过程，是目前增材制造领域应用较多的一种金属3D打印技术。该技术可制造复杂形状的金属零件，其成型件力学性能好、精度高，致密度达传统冶金制成件99％以上，在医疗、航空航天、军工、核电建设、产品研发等领域均有重要应用。
现有技术中的激光选区熔化3D打印机的激光光束通过激光振镜反射到金属粉末层对其进行选择性熔化，通过调节激光振镜的偏转角度来调节激光光束照射金属粉末层的位置，从而熔化不同位置处的金 属粉末层。但由于受激光振镜偏转角度的限制，使得激光光束照射到金属粉末层的范围较小，使该工艺技术装备成型构件尺寸较小，严重制约该工艺技术及其装备在世界范围内的推广与应用。
据已知的资料显示，目前世界运用激光选区熔化工艺设备成型的最大尺寸构件体积为长500mm×宽500mm×高500mm。2016年我国科技部对增材制造领域的科技攻关项目共下拨中央财政经费4亿元左右，其中对两项激光选区熔化工艺装备的科技攻关经费投入3850.00万元，其中一项就是攻关成形尺寸范围≥500mm×500mm×500mm的技术装备，该项目实施周期为5年。现在运用该技术设备成形尺寸范围超过500mm×500mm×500mm体积的大尺寸构件，已经成为世界各国抢占智能化高端制造技术制高点的重要竞争方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供激光选区熔化装置及3D打印机，以解决现有技术中存在的3D打印机能够成型的构成件尺寸较小的技术问题。
本发明提供的一种激光选区熔化装置，所述激光选区熔化装置包括：固定座、驱动机构、第一转动机构、旋转臂以及机械臂；所述旋转臂的一端与所述固定座转动连接，另一端与所述机械臂的一端转动连接；所述驱动机构与所述旋转臂连接，用于驱动所述旋转臂相对所述固定座转动，以使所述机械臂前后移动；所述第一转动机构与所述机械臂连接，用于驱动所述机械臂相对所述旋转臂转动，以使所述机械臂左右移动；
所述固定座用于固定在3D打印机的箱体上；所述机械臂上用于安装3D打印机的激光耦合与激发机构；所述驱动机构与所述第一转动机构均用于与3D打印机的控制系统电连接。
进一步地，所述机械臂包括第一子臂、第二子臂以及第二转动机构；所述第一子臂与所述第二子臂转动连接；所述第二转动机构与所述第二子臂连接，用于驱动所述第二子臂相对所述第一子臂转动，以使所述第二子臂左右移动；所述第二转动机构用于与3D打印机的控制系统电连接；所述第一转动机构与所述第一子臂连接，用于驱动所述第一子臂相对所述旋转臂旋转。
进一步地，所述机械臂还包括第三子臂；所述第三子臂的一端与所述第二子臂的一端连接；所述第三子臂上用于安装3D打印机的激光耦合与激发机构。
进一步地，所述机械臂还包括第三转动机构；所述第三子臂的一端与所述第二子臂的一端转动连接；所述第三转动机构与所述第三子臂连接，用于驱动所述第三子臂相对所述第二子臂转动；所述第三转动机构用于与3D打印机的控制系统电连接。
进一步地，所述驱动机构包括驱动电机；所述驱动电机设置在所述固定座上；所述旋转臂与所述驱动电机的动力输出轴固定连接。
进一步地，所述转动机构包括转动电机、转轴、固定设置在所述转动电机上的主动齿轮、固定设置在所述转轴上的从动齿轮；所述转轴转动穿设在所述旋转臂远离所述固定座的一端，所述机械臂的一端与所述转轴固定连接；所述转动电机设置在所述机械臂上，所述主动齿轮与所述从动齿轮啮合。
进一步地，所述转轴的外壁上，沿所述转轴的周向，依次间隔设置有多个固定凸起；所述机械臂的一端设置有连接筒；所述连接筒的内壁上，沿所述连接筒的周向，依次间隔地设置有多个固定凹槽；多个所述固定凹槽与多个所述固定凸起一一对应卡接设置。
进一步地，所述机械臂的一端间隔设置有两个固定片；每个所述固定片上均设置有穿设所述转轴的通孔；所述固定凸起与所述连接筒均位于两个所述固定片之间。
进一步地，所述第二转动机构与所述第一转动机构的结构形式相同。
进一步地，本发明还提供一种3D打印机，所述3D打印机包括本发明所述的激光选区熔化装置。
本发明提供的激光选区熔化装置，包括固定座、驱动机构、第一转动机构、旋转臂以及机械臂，在使用时，固定座固定在3D打印机的箱体上，激光耦合与激发机构安装在机械臂上，驱动机构和第一转动机构与3D打印机的控制系统电连接。3D打印机的控制系统控制驱动机构和第一转动机构，驱动机构驱动旋转臂相对固定座转动，以使机械臂前后移动，第一转动机构驱动机械臂相对旋转臂转动，以使机械臂左右移动，从而使得机械臂上的激光耦合与激发机构前后或者左右移动，调整激光耦合与激发机构至预设位置，将光束照射到工作面上的金属粉末层进行选择性熔化，最终完成构件的成型制造。
本发明提供的激光选区熔化装置，驱动机构和第一转动机构带动机械臂前后和左右移动，从而带动激光耦合与激发机构进行移动并工作，这样使得激光耦合与激发机构的加工面积不受激光振镜偏转角度的限制，激光光束照射到金属粉末层的范围大幅提高，适用于生产各种形态和结构成型件的该技术装备，使用者可根据装备的大小及实际成型件尺寸的需要，在同一装备上增加本发明的激光选区熔化装置的数量，就能满足更大体积构成件的加工需要，如：构成件体积长、宽、高3米，5米乃至更大的体积尺寸。有利于该工艺技术及其装备在世界范围内的推广与应用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置中旋转臂与机械臂的局部结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置中转轴的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置中连接筒的结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置中驱动机构的俯视图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置中转轴和固定片的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-固定座；            2-旋转臂；         3-机械臂；
4-转轴；              5-主动齿轮；       6-从动齿轮；
7-固定凸起；          8-连接筒；         9-固定凹槽；
10-驱动电机；         11-第一齿轮；      12-固定轴；
13-第二齿轮；         14-固定片；        15-铜套；
31-第一子臂；         32-第二子臂；      33-第三子臂；
34-连接件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
图1为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置的结构示意图；如图1所示，本发明实施例提供的一种激光选区熔化装置，该激光选区熔化装置包括：固定座1、驱动机构、第一转动机构、旋转臂2以及机械臂3；旋转臂2的一端与固定座1转动连接，另一端与机械臂3的一端转动连接；驱动机构与旋转臂2连接，用于驱动旋转臂2相对固定座1转动，以使机械臂3前后移动；第一转动机构与机械臂3连接，用于驱动机械臂3相对旋转臂2转动，以使机械臂3左右移动；固定座1用于固定在3D打印机的箱体上；机械臂3上用于安装3D 打印机的激光耦合与激发机构；驱动机构与第一转动机构均用于与3D打印机的控制系统电连接。
本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置，包括固定座1、驱动机构、第一转动机构、旋转臂2以及机械臂3，在使用时，固定座1固定在3D打印机的箱体上，激光耦合与激发机构安装在机械臂3上，驱动机构和第一转动机构与3D打印机的控制系统电连接。3D打印机的控制系统控制驱动机构和第一转动机构，驱动机构驱动旋转臂2相对固定座1转动，以使机械臂3前后移动，第一转动机构驱动机械臂3相对旋转臂2转动，以使机械臂3左右移动，也即，机械臂3远离旋转臂2的一端左右移动，从而调整机械臂3的该端至固定座1的距离，使得机械臂3上的激光耦合与激发机构相对固定座1前后或者左右移动，调整激光耦合与激发机构至预设位置，将光束照射到工作面上的金属粉末层进行选择性熔化，最终完成构件的成型制造。
本发明提供的激光选区熔化装置，驱动机构和第一转动机构带动机械臂前后和左右移动，从而带动激光耦合与激发机构进行移动并工作，这样使得激光耦合与激发机构的加工面积不受激光振镜偏转角度的限制，激光光束照射到金属粉末层的范围大幅提高，适用于生产各种形态和结构成型件的该技术装备，使用者可根据装备的大小及实际成型件尺寸的需要，在同一装备上增加本发明的激光选区熔化装置的数量，就能满足更大体积构成件的加工需要，如：构成件体积长、宽、高3米、5米乃至更大的体积尺寸。有利于该工艺技术及其装备在世界范围内的推广与应用。
其中，需要说明的是，本发明所说的左右是指图1中从左至右的方向，前后是指垂直与图1所在平面的方向。
图5为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置中驱动机构的俯视图，如图5所示，其中，驱动机构的结构形式可以为多种，例如， 驱动机构包括驱动电机10、固定轴12、第一齿轮11以及与第一齿轮11相啮合的第二齿轮13，固定轴12转动穿设在固定座上1，第二齿轮13固定设置在固定轴12上，驱动电机10固定设置在固定座1上，第一齿轮11设置在驱动电机10的动力输出轴上，旋转臂2与固定轴12固定连接。启动驱动电机10，驱动电机10带动第一齿轮11转动，第一齿轮11带动第二齿轮13转动，第二齿轮13带动固定轴12和旋转臂2转动，进而使得机械臂3前后移动。
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，机械臂3包括第一子臂31、第二子臂32以及第二转动机构；第一子臂31与第二子臂32转动连接；第二转动机构与第二子臂32连接，用于驱动第二子臂32相对第一子臂31转动，以使第二子臂32左右移动；第二转动机构用于与3D打印机的控制系统电连接；第一转动机构与第一子臂31连接，用于驱动第一子臂31相对旋转臂2转动。
本实施例中，将机械臂3设置为第一子臂31和第二子臂32，驱动机构带动旋转臂2旋转，第一转动机构带动第一子臂31转动，第二转动机构带动第二子臂32转动，从而使得第一子臂31和第二子臂32左右移动，激光耦合与激发机构设置在第二子臂32上，这样可使得激光耦合与激发机构左右移动。
本实施例中，通过第一子臂31和第二子臂32的同时配合使用，可使机械臂3左右移动的范围更大，使得激光耦合与激发机构移动的位置范围更广，制造的成型构件的尺寸更大。
其中，第一子臂31和第二子臂32之间可通过连接件34转动连接。
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，机械臂3还包括第三子臂33；第三子臂33的一端与第二子臂32的一端连接；第三子臂33上用于安装3D打印机的激光耦合与激发机构。
本实施例中，将激光耦合与激发机构安装在第三子臂33上，不妨碍第二子臂32的转动和移动，方便安装和使用。
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，机械臂3还包括第三转动机构；第三子臂33的一端与第二子臂32的一端转动连接；第三转动机构与第三子臂33连接，用于驱动第三子臂33相对第二子臂32转动；第三转动机构用于与3D打印机的控制系统电连接。
本实施例中，第三子臂33与第二子臂32转动连接，当第三子臂33移动至预设位置后，可将第三子臂33相对第二子臂32转动，调整激光耦合与激发机构的作业角度，也即对激光耦合与激发机构的位置进行微调，使得光束照射位置更加精准。
其中，第三转动机构的结构形式可以与第一转动机构的结构形式相同。
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，驱动机构包括驱动电机；驱动电机设置在固定座1上；旋转臂2与驱动电机的动力输出轴固定连接。
本实施例中，将驱动机构设置为驱动电机，通过驱动电机驱动旋转臂2相对固定座1转动，结构简单。
图2为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置中旋转臂与机械臂的局部结构示意图；图3为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置中转轴的结构示意图；如图2和图3所示，在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，第一转动机构包括转动电机、转轴4、固定设置在转动电机上的主动齿轮5、固定设置在转轴4上的从动齿轮6；转轴4转动穿设在旋转臂2远离固定座1的一端，机械臂3的一端与转轴4固定连接；转动电机设置在机械臂3上，主动齿轮5与从动齿轮6啮合。
本实施例中，转动电机带动主动齿轮5转动，主动齿轮5带动从动齿轮6转动，从动齿轮6带动转轴4以及机械臂3相对旋转臂2转动，结构简单，方便安装使用。
图4为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置中连接筒的结构示意图；如图3和图4所示，在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，转轴4的外壁上，沿转轴4的周向，依次间隔设置有多个固定凸起7；机械臂3的一端设置有连接筒8；连接筒8的内壁上，沿连接筒8的周向，依次间隔地设置有多个固定凹槽9；多个固定凹槽9与多个固定凸起7一一对应卡接设置。
本实施例中，通过固定凸起7与固定凹槽9相配合的方式将机械臂3与转轴4固定连接，结构简单，方便安装。同时，多个固定凸起7与多个固定凹槽9配合，使得机械臂3与转轴4固定更加牢靠稳定。
优选地，固定凹槽9和固定凸起7分别为四个，四个固定凸起7均匀间隔地分布在转轴4的周壁上，四个固定凹槽9均匀间隔地分布在连接筒8的周壁上，四个固定凸起7分别与四个固定凹槽9一一对应卡接，这样使得转轴4和连接筒8受力均衡，增强两者连接的稳固性，同时，可避免转轴4和连接筒8局部受力过大受损，延长转轴4和连接筒8的使用寿命。
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，旋转臂2的一端间隔设置有两个固定片14；每个固定片14上均设置有穿设转轴4的通孔；固定凸起7与连接筒8均位于两个固定片14之间。
本实施例中，转轴4穿设在两个固定片14的通孔内，固定凸起7和连接筒8位于两个固定片14之间，从而将转轴4与旋转臂2转动连接，也使得转轴4受力平衡。
图6为本发明实施例提供的激光选区熔化装置中转轴和固定片的结构示意图，如图6所示，其中，还包括两个铜套15，两个铜套 15套设在转轴4上，两个铜套15位于固定凸起7的两侧，且位于固定凸起7与固定片14之间，铜套15的厚度与固定凸起7的高度相同，也即，铜套15的厚度与转轴4半径之和等于固定片14上通孔的半径。
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，第二转动机构与第一转动机构的结构形式相同。
在上述实施例的基础上，进一步地，本发明还提供一种3D打印机，3D打印机包括本发明的激光选区熔化装置。激光选区熔化装置的工作原理同上，在此不再赘述。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种激光选区熔化装置，其特征在于，包括：固定座、驱动机构、第一转动机构、旋转臂以及机械臂；
    所述旋转臂的一端与所述固定座转动连接，另一端与所述机械臂的一端转动连接；
    所述驱动机构与所述旋转臂连接，用于驱动所述旋转臂相对所述固定座转动，以使所述机械臂前后移动；
    所述第一转动机构与所述机械臂连接，用于驱动所述机械臂相对所述旋转臂转动，以使所述机械臂左右移动；
    所述固定座用于固定在3D打印机的箱体上；所述机械臂上用于安装3D打印机的激光耦合与激发机构；所述驱动机构与所述第一转动机构均用于与3D打印机的控制系统电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的激光选区熔化装置，其特征在于，所述机械臂包括第一子臂、第二子臂以及第二转动机构；
    所述第一子臂与所述第二子臂转动连接；所述第二转动机构与所述第二子臂连接，用于驱动所述第二子臂相对所述第一子臂转动，以使所述第二子臂左右移动；所述第二转动机构用于与3D打印机的控制系统电连接；
    所述第一转动机构与所述第一子臂连接，用于驱动所述第一子臂相对所述旋转臂转动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的激光选区熔化装置，其特征在于，所述机械臂还包括第三子臂；
    所述第三子臂的一端与所述第二子臂的一端连接；所述第三子臂上用于安装3D打印机的激光耦合与激发机构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的激光选区熔化装置，其特征在于，所述机械臂还包括第三转动机构；
    所述第三子臂的一端与所述第二子臂的一端转动连接；所述第三转动机构与所述第三子臂连接，用于驱动所述第三子臂相对所述第二子臂转动；
    所述第三转动机构用于与3D打印机的控制系统电连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的激光选区熔化装置，其特征在于，所述驱动机构包括驱动电机；
    所述驱动电机设置在所述固定座上；所述旋转臂与所述驱动电机的动力输出轴固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的激光选区熔化装置，其特征在于，所述第一转动机构包括转动电机、转轴、固定设置在所述转动电机上的主动齿轮、固定设置在所述转轴上的从动齿轮；
    所述转轴转动穿设在所述旋转臂远离所述固定座的一端，所述机械臂的一端与所述转轴固定连接；所述转动电机设置在所述机械臂上，所述主动齿轮与所述从动齿轮啮合。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的激光选区熔化装置，其特征在于，所述转轴的外壁上，沿所述转轴的周向，依次间隔设置有多个固定凸起；所述机械臂的一端设置有连接筒；所述连接筒的内壁上，沿所述连接筒的周向，依次间隔地设置有多个固定凹槽；多个所述固定凹槽与多个所述固定凸起一一对应卡接设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的激光选区熔化装置，其特征在于，所述旋转臂的一端间隔设置有两个固定片；每个所述固定片上均设置有穿设所述转轴的通孔；所述固定凸起与所述连接筒均位于两个所述固定片之间。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的激光选区熔化装置，其特征在于，所述第二转动机构与所述第一转动机构的结构形式相同。
  10. 一种3D打印机，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-9任一项所述的激光选区熔化装置。
PCT/CN2018/000093 2017-04-12 2018-03-06 激光选区熔化装置及3d打印机 WO2018188385A1 (zh)

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