WO2018158675A1

WO2018158675A1 - Mixture comprising 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1h-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid and/or its 4,5-isomer and a compound comprising an ether group, an alkynyl group and a benzyl group as well as the use thereof as nitrification inhibitor

Info

Publication number: WO2018158675A1
Application number: PCT/IB2018/051208
Authority: WO
Inventors: Barbara Nave; Alexander Wissemeier; Gregor Pasda; Wolfram Zerulla; Wolfgang Weigelt
Original assignee: Basf Se; Basf (China) Company Limited
Priority date: 2017-03-03
Filing date: 2018-02-27
Publication date: 2018-09-07

Abstract

A mixture comprising a) 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid, and/or 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid, and/or a derivative, and/or a salt thereof (DMPSA), and b) at least one compound comprising an ether group, an alkynyl group and a benzyl group

Description

Mixture comprising 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl) succinic acid and/or its 4,5-isomer and a compound comprising an ether group, an alkynyl group and a benzyl group as well as the use thereof as nitrification inhibitor Description

The present invention relates to the mixture (Q) comprising 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl) succinic acid and/or its 4,5-isomer (DM PSA) and compounds of formula I as defined below. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of said mixture (Q) as nitrification inhibitors, i.e. for reducing nitrification, as well as agrochemical composition further comprising, e.g. a fertilizer. Further encompassed by the present invention are methods for reducing nitrification, said methods comprising the treatment of plants, soil and/or loci where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with said mixture (Q) and methods for treating a fertilizer or fertilizer composition by applying said mixture (Q) as well as methods concerning seed treatment using said mixture (Q).

Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and reproduction. About 25% of the plant available nitrogen in soils (ammonium and nitrate) originate from decomposition processes (mineralization) of organic nitrogen compounds such as humus, plant and animal residues and organic fertilizers. Approximately 5% derive from rainfall. On a global basis, the biggest part (70%), however, is supplied to the plant by inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. The mainly used nitrogen fertilizers comprise ammonium compounds or derivatives thereof, i.e. nearly 90% of the nitrogen fertilizers applied worldwide is in the NH₄ ⁺ form (Subbarao et al., 2012, Advances in Agronomy, 1 14, 249-302). This is, inter alia, due to the fact that, NH₄ ⁺ assimilation is energetically more efficient than assimilation of other nitrogen sources such as NCV.

Moreover, being a cation, NH₄ ⁺ is held electrostatically by the negatively charged clay surfaces and functional groups of soil organic matter. This binding is strong enough to limit NH₄ ⁺-loss by leaching to groundwater. By contrast, NO3^", being negatively charged, does not bind to the soil and is liable to be leached out of the plants' root zone. In addition, nitrate may be lost by denitri- fication which is the microbiological conversion of nitrate and nitrite (NO2 ) to gaseous forms of nitrogen such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and molecular nitrogen (N2).

However, ammonium (N H₄ ⁺) compounds are converted by soil microorganisms to nitrates (NO3-) in a relatively short time in a process known as nitrification. The nitrification is carried out primarily by two groups of chemolithotrophic bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) of the genus Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, which are ubiquitous component of soil bacteria popula- tions. The enzyme, which is essentially responsible for nitrification is ammonia monooxygenase (AMO), which was also found in ammonia-oxidizing archaea (Subbarao et al., 2012, Advances in Agronomy, 1 14, 249-302).

The nitrification process typically leads to nitrogen leakage and environmental pollution. As a result of the various losses, approximately 50% of the applied nitrogen fertilizers are lost during the year following fertilizer addition (see Nelson and Huber; Nitrification inhibitors for corn production (2001 ), National Corn Handbook, Iowa State University).

As countermeasures the use of nitrification inhibitors, mostly together with fertilizers, was sug- gested. Suitable nitrification inhibitors include biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs) such as lin- oleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl p-coumarate, methyl ferulate, MHPP, Karanjin, brachi- alacton or the p-benzoquinone sorgoleone (Subbarao et al., 2012, Advances in Agronomy, 1 14, 249-302). Further suitable nitrification inhibitors are synthetic chemical inhibitors such as Nitra- pyrin, dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 4-amino-1 ,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC), 1 -amido-2-thiourea (ASU), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM), 5- ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1 ,2,4-thiodiazole (terrazole), or 2-sulfanilamidothiazole (ST) (Slangen and Kerkhoff, 1984, Fertilizer research, 5(1 ), 1-76).

Furthermore, pyrazole-based nitrification inhibitors have been described, e.g., in US

3,635,690, WO 201 1/009572, WO 201 1/015305, DE 10 201 1 120 098, and DE 10 2013 022 031 B3.

However, many of these nitrification inhibitors have disadvantages, e.g. in terms of their environmental safety, and therefore need to be replaced.

Furthermore, the world population is expected to grow significantly in the next 20-30 years, and, therefore, food production in sufficient quantities and quality is necessary. In order to achieve this, the use of nitrogen fertilizers would have to double by 2050. For environmental reasons, this is not possible, since nitrate levels in drinking water, eutrophication of surface water and gas emissions into the air have already reached critical levels in many places, causing water contamination and air pollution. However, fertilizer efficiency increases significantly and less fertilizer may therefore be applied, if nitrification inhibitors are used. Therefore, there is a clear need for novel nitrification inhibitors, as well as for methods using them.

In particular, there is a need for nitrification inhibitors or nitrification inhibitor mixtures (referred to as "Nl mixtures" in the following) with a high activity.

Furthermore, there is a need for nitrification inhibitors or Nl mixtures which are effective at low amounts, as low application rates typically result in economical and environmental advantages.

It was already discovered more than 30 years ago that acetylene is a potent nitrification inhibitor. However, as acetylene is a gas, it has never gained any practical value as a nitrification inhibitor. G. W. McCarty et al. describe the inhibition of nitrification in soil by acetylenic compounds, such as phenylacetylene (Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., vol. 50, 1986, pp. 1 198-1201 ). Phe- nylacetylene is also described as nitrification inhibitor in US 4,552,581 A.

However, phenylacetylene does not satisfy the present needs e.g. in terms of a high activity at a low application rate.

2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl) succinic acid as such, and/or 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid as such, and/or the mixture of the 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid and 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl) succinic acid, and/or a derivative, and/or salt thereof, is referred to as "DM PSA" in the following.

It was therefore the object of the present invention to provide improved nitrification inhibitors or Nl mixtures in view of the prior art.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a mixture containing DM PSA (compound I) and a compound of formula I as defined below (compound II) which - each preferably through a synergistic action -

(i) enhances the stability of compound I or compound II, and/or

(ii) enhances the nitrification-inhibiting effect of compound I or compound II, and/or

(iii) enhances the yield increase effect of the compound I or compound II, and/or (iv) has a relatively long storage life, particularly before being applied to or coated on nitrogen- containing fertilizers, and/or

(v) reduces the emission of nitrous oxide from soils, and/or

(vi) reduces the nitrogen (N₂) emission from soils, and/or

(vii) reduces nitrate leaching, and/or

(viii) does not adversely affect the nitrification-inhibiting effect and/or the nitrification-inhibiting activity of the compound I or compound II, and/or

(ix) can be easily and safely packaged, transported and shipped, even in large quantities, and/or

(x) can be easily and safely handled and applied for soil treatment, even in large quantities, and/or

(xi) improves the nutrient use efficiency, and/or

(xii) improves the delivery of the compound I or compound II to the soil or to the plant, and/or

(xiii) improves the plant growth (e.g. biomass, yield, root branching and length; compact growth in case of ornamental plants), and/or

(xiv) enables a better developed root system, a larger leaf area, greener leaves, stronger shoots and/or

(xv) improves the plant defense of the plants, and/or

(xvi) improves the plant health of the plants, and/or

(xvii) improves the quality of the plants, and/or

(xviii) improves the storage of compound I or compound II and/or prolongs the availability of compound I or compound II to the plants, and/or

(xix) enhances the plant growth improving or regulating effect of the compound I or compound

II, and/or

(xx) allows the reduction of the quantity of compound I or compound II used, and/or

(xxi) increase the survivability rate of seedlings, for example transplanted seedlings, and/or

(xxii) reduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective pest control, and/or

(xxiii) enable earlier seed germination and/or blooming, and/or

(xxiv) is toxicologically unobjectionable, and/or

(xxv) enables simple handling and application of compound I and compound II.

The abbreviation wt.-% or wt.-% stands for "percent by weight". The present invention addresses this need and relates to the mixture (Q) comprising a) 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid and/or 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid, and/or a derivative and/or a salt thereof and

b) a compound of formula I

or a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof,

wherein

R¹ and R² are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, Ci-C alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, Ci-C₆-haloalkyl, Ci-C₄-alkoxy-Ci-C₄-alkyl Ci-C alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyloxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, wherein the C-atoms may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2 or 3 identical or different substituents R^e;

C3-C8-cycloalkyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, hetaryl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl-Ci-C6-al- kyl, C3-C8-cycloalkenyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, heterocyclyl-C C6-alkyl, aryl-C C6-alkyl, and hetaryl- Ci-C6-alkyl, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 identical or different substituents R^a;

A is phenyl, wherein said phenyl ring may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 identical or different substituents R^A;

wherein

R^A is selected from the group consisting of CN , halogen, N0₂, OR^b, N R^cR^d, C(Y)R^b, C(Y)OR^b, C(Y)N RcR^d, S(Y)_mR^b, S(Y)_mOR^b,

Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, Ci-C6-alkoxy, Ci-C6-alkylthio, wherein the C-atoms may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2 or 3 identical or different substituents R^e;

C3-C8-cycloalkyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, hetaryl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl-Ci-C6-al- kyl, C3-C8-cycloalkenyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, heterocyclyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl- Ci-C6-alkyl, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 identical or different substituents R^a;

and wherein

R^a is selected from CN , halogen, N0₂, Ci-C₄-alkyl, Ci-C₄-haloalkyl and Ci-C₄-alkoxy;

or two substituents R^a on adjacent C-atoms may be a bridge selected from CH2CH2CH2CH2, OCH2CH2CH2, CH2OCH2CH2, OCH2CH2O, OCH2OCH2, CH2CH2CH2, CH2CH2O, CH2OCH2, 0(CH₂)0, SCH2CH2CH2, CH2SCH2CH2, SCH2CH2S, SCH2SCH2, CH2CH2S, CH2SCH2, S(CH2)S, and form together with the C atoms, to which the two R^a are bonded to, a 5-membered or 6-membered saturated carbocyclic or heteocyclic ring;

R^b is selected from H , Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C₄-alkenyl, C2-C₄-alkynyl, Ci-C₄-haloalkyl, phenyl and benzyl;

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H , Ci-C₄- alkyl, and Ci-C₄-haloalkyl; or

R^c and R^d together with the N atom to which they are bonded form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, which may carry a further heteroatom being selected from O, S and N as a ring member atom and wherein the heterocycle may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents which are independently of each other selected from halogen;

R^e is selected from CN , halogen, Ci-C₄-alkyl, Ci-C₄-haloalkyl, Ci-C₄-alkoxy, and Ci-C₄- haloalkoxy;

Y is O or S; and

m is 0, 1 or 2.

The inventors surprisingly found that by applying the the mixture (Q) comprising DM PSA and the compound of formula I as defined herein, the nitrification of ammonium to nitrate could significantly be reduced, particularly in a way that could not be achieved by the single components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I), for example in a synergistic way. The term "in a synergistic way" means that the mixture (Q) comprising DM PSA and the compound of formula I as defined herein can fulfil one or more of the objects as mentioned above, such as the objects (i) to (xxv), significantly better than the individual compounds - i.e. DM PSA or the compound of formula I as defined herein - alone can do, and preferably, this better fulfil- ment of the objects by said mixture compared to the individual compounds is evidenced by calculations according to Colby's formula, see Colby, S. R. (Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide Combinations", Weeds, 15, pp. 20-22, 1967).

Thus, in one aspect the present invention relates to the use of the mixture (Q) for reducing nitrification, wherein the mixture (Q) comprises DM PSA and a compound of formula I as defined herein.

In a preferred embodiment of said use, in the mixture (Q), in said compound of formula I, the radicals R^a, R^b, R^c, R^d, and R^e are defined as follows:

R^a is selected from halogen, Ci-C2-alkyl, Ci-C2-alkoxy,

or two substituents R^a on adjacent C-atoms may be a OCH2CH2O bridge or a 0(CH2)0 bridge; R^b is selected from H, Ci-C6-alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, Ci-C4-alkyl, and Ci-C4-haloalkyl; and

R^e is selected from halogen and CrC₄-alkyl.

In another preferred embodiment of said use, in said compound of formula I, R¹ and R² are in- dependency of each other selected from the group consisting of H, C2-C6-alkynyl, C2-C6-al- kynyloxy, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, wherein preferably at least one of R¹ and R² is H.

In yet another preferred embodiment of said use, in the mixture (Q), in said compound of formula I, A is phenyl, wherein said phenyl ring is unsubstituted or carries 1 , 2, or 3 identical or dif- ferent substituents R^A.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of said use, in the mixture (Q), in said compound of formula I, R^A, if present, is selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, NR^cR^d, Ci-C6-alkyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, Ci-C6-alkoxy, Ci-C6-alkylthio, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein R^a, R^c and R^d are as defined above.

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the mixture (Q) as defined above as a nitrification inhibitor. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a mixture as defined above as for reducing nitrification.

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a composition for use in reducing nitrifica- tion, comprising at least one mixture (Q) as defined above and at least one carrier.

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to an agrochemical composition for use in reducing nitrification, comprising at least one mixture as defined above and at least one carrier.

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to an agrochemical composition comprising at least one fertilizer and at least one mixture (Q) as defined above; or at least one fertilizer and a composition as mentioned above for use in reducing nitrification.

In a preferred embodiment, said compound as defined above is used for reducing nitrification in combination with a fertilizer. In a further specific embodiment, said compound as defined above is used for reducing nitrification in combination with a fertilizer in the form of an agrochemical composition as mentioned above. In a further preferred embodiment, said reduction of nitrification as mentioned above occurs in or on a plant, in the root zone of a plant, in or on soil or soil substituents and/or at the locus where a plant is growing or is intended to grow.

In a further embodiment, the mixture (Q) comprising DMPSA and a compound of formula I also includes kit-of-parts comprising DMPSA on the one hand (as a separate part of the kit) and a compound of formula I on the other hand (as another separate part of the kit). Here, the term "kit-of-parts" is to be understood to denote a kit comprising at least two separate parts wherein each of the parts can be independently removed from the kit. A kit includes a box, a tool, a vessel, a container, a bag or any kit-like equipment. Also a kit whose separate parts are only together in this one kit for an extremely short period of time are regarded as kit-of-parts. Kit-of- parts are useful for the combined application (of the contents) of the separate parts of the kit.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification, comprising treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus or soil or soil substituents where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with at least one mixture (Q) as defined above, or with a composition as defined above, or with an agrochemical composition as defined above. In a preferred embodiment of the method, the plant and/or the locus or soil or soil substituents where the plant is growing or is intended to grow is additionally provided with a fertilizer. In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the application of said mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DMPSA and compound of formula I) and of said fertilizer is carried out simultaneously or with a time lag, wherein either said fertilizer or said mixture (Q) or one of its components may be applied at first. In a particularly preferred embodiment, said time lag is an interval of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks. In case of application with a time lag, a mixture (Q) or one of its components as defined above may be applied first and then the fertilizer. In a further preferred embodiment of the method, in a first step a mixture (Q) or one of its components as defined above is applied to seeds, to a plant and/or to the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow and in a second step the fertilizer is applied to a plant and/or to the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow, wherein the application of a mixture (Q) or one of its components in the first step and the fertilizer in the second step is carried out with a time lag of at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5, days, 6 days, 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks. In other embodiments of application with a time lag, a fertilizer as defined above may be applied first and then a mixture (Q) or one of its components as defined above may be applied. In a further preferred embodiment of the method, in a first step a fertilizer is applied to a plant and/or to the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow and in a second step a mixture (Q) or one of its components as defined above is applied to seeds, to a plant and/or to the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow, wherein the application of a said fetilizer in the first step and a mixture (Q) or one of its components in the second step is carried out with a time lag of at least 1 day, 2days, 3 days, 4 days, 5, days, 6 days, 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks.

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for treating a fertilizer or a composition, comprising the application of a mixture (Q) or one of its components as defined herein. In a preferred embodiment of the use, agrochemical composition or method of the invention, said fertilizer is an solid or liquid ammonium-containing inorganic fertilizer such as an NPK fertilizer, NP fertilizer, NK fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or ammonium phosphate; an solid or liquid organic fertilizer such as liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, stable manure, biogas manure and straw manure, worm castings, compost, seaweed or guano, or an urea-containing fertilizer such as urea, formaldehyde urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution, urea sulphur, stabilized urea, urea based NPK-fertilizers, or urea ammonium sulfate .

In a further preferred embodiment of the use, agrochemical composition or method of the in- vention, said plant is an agricultural plant preferably selected from the group consisting of wheat, barley, oat, rye, soybean, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, canola, sunflower, cotton, sugar cane, sugar beet, rice or a vegetable preferably selected from the group consisting of spinach, lettuce, asparagus, or cabbages; or sorghum; a silvicultural plant; an ornamental plant; or a horticultural plant, each in its natural or in a genetically modified form.

Although the present invention will be described with respect to particular embodiments, this description is not to be construed in a limiting sense.

Before describing in detail exemplary embodiments of the present invention, definitions important for understanding the present invention are given.

As used in this specification and in the appended claims, the singular forms of "a" and "an" also include the respective plurals unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the context of the present invention, the terms "about" and "approximately" denote an interval of accuracy that a person skilled in the art will understand to still ensure the technical effect of the feature in question. The term typically indicates a deviation from the indicated numerical value of ±20 %, preferably ±15 %, more preferably ±10 %, and even more preferably ±5 %. It is to be understood that the term "comprising" is not limiting. For the purposes of the present invention the term "consisting of is considered to be a preferred embodiment of the term "comprising of. If hereinafter a group is defined to comprise at least a certain number of embodiments, this is meant to also encompass a group which preferably consists of these embodiments only. Fur- thermore, the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)" etc. and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illus- trated herein. In case the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", "i", "ii" etc. relate to steps of a method or use or assay there is no time or time interval coherence between the steps, i.e. the steps may be carried out simultaneously or there may be time intervals of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months or even years between such steps, unless otherwise indicated in the application as set forth herein above or below. It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, reagents etc. described herein as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention that will be limited only by the appended claims. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

The term "nitrification inhibitor" is to be understood in this context as a chemical substance which slows down or stops the nitrification process. Nitrification inhibitors accordingly retard the natural transformation of ammonium into nitrate, by inhibiting the activity of bacteria such as Ni- trosomonas spp. The term "nitrification" as used herein is to be understood as the biological oxidation of ammonia (N H3) or ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) with oxygen into nitrite (NO2 ) followed by the oxidation of these nitrites into nitrates (NO3 ) by microorganisms. Besides nitrate (NO3 ) nitrous oxide is also produced though nitrification. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil. The inhibition of nitrification may thus also reduce N2O losses. The term nitrification inhibitor is considered equivalent to the use of such a compound for inhibiting nitrification.

The term "compounds of formula I" comprises the compound(s) as defined herein as well as a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, preferably the compound(s) as defined herein as well as a stereoisomer, salt, or N-oxide thereof, more preferably the compound(s) as defined herein as well as a stereoisomer or salt thereof. The term "DM PSA" also includes a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof It is of course to be understood that tautomers can only be present, if a substituent or structural element is present at the compounds of formula I or DM PSA, which covers tautomers such as keto-enol tautomers, imine-enamine tautomers, am- ide-imidic acid tautomers or the like. Otherwise, the term "compounds of formula I" does not en- compass tautomers. However, the term "DM PSA" can also encompass other tautomers. Furthermore, it is to be understood that stereoisomers are only possible, if there is at least one centre of chirality in the molecule or if geometrical isomers (cis/trans isomers) can be formed.

The compounds of formula I or DMPSA may be amorphous or may exist in one or more differ- ent crystalline states (polymorphs) which may have different macroscopic properties such as stability or show different biological properties such as activities. The present invention relates to amorphous and crystalline compounds of formula I or DMPSA, mixtures of different crystalline states of the respective compound of formula I or DMPSA, as well as amorphous or crystalline salts thereof.

Salts of the compounds of the formula I or DMPSA are preferably agriculturally acceptable salts, more preferably alkali metal salts, alkaline earth-metal salts, and ammonium salts, most preferably the potassium salt, or the ammonium salt of DMPSA. They can be formed in a customary manner, e.g. by reacting the compound with an acid of the anion in question if the compound of formula I or DMPSA has a basic functionality. Agriculturally useful salts of the com- pounds of formula I or DMPSA encompass especially the acid addition salts of those acids whose cations and anions, respectively, have no adverse effect on the mode of action of the compounds of formula I or DM PSA. Anions of useful acid addition salts are primarily chloride, bromide, fluoride, hydrogensulfate, sulfate, dihydrogenphosphate, hydrogenphosphate, phosphate, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate, hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, benzoate, and the anions of Ci-C4-alkanoic acids, preferably formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. They can be formed by reacting compounds of formula I or DMPSA with an acid of the corresponding anion, preferably of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.

The term "N-oxide" includes any compound of formula I or DMPSA which has at least one ter- tiary nitrogen atom that is oxidized to an N-oxide moiety. Of course, N-oxides can only be formed, if a nitrogen atom is present within the compounds of formula I or DM PSA.

The organic moieties mentioned in the above definitions of the variables are - like the term halogen - collective terms for individual listings of the individual group members. The prefix C_n-C_m indicates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group. The term "halogen" denotes in each case fluorine, bromine, chlorine or iodine, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine.

The term "alkyl" as used herein and in the alkyl moieties of alkylamino, alkylcarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl and alkoxyalkyl denotes in each case a straight-chain or branched al- kyl group having usually from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, frequently from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of an alkyl group are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1 -methyl- butyl, 2-methyl butyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -ethyl propyl, n-hexyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylpro- pyl, 1 ,2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -methyl pentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1 ,1 -di- methylbutyl, 1 ,2-dimethylbutyl, 1 ,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dime- thylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1 ,1 ,2-trimethylpropyl, 1 ,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1 -ethyl-1-methyl- propyl, and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.

The term "haloalkyl" as used herein and in the haloalkyl moieties of haloalkylcarbonyl, haloal- koxycarbonyl, haloalkylthio, haloalkylsulfonyl, haloalkylsulfinyl, haloalkoxy and haloalkoxyalkyl, denotes in each case a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having usually from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, frequently from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein the hydrogen atoms of this group are partially or totally replaced with halogen atoms. Preferred haloalkyl moieties are selected from Ci-C₄-haloalkyl, more preferably from C C3-haloalkyl or Ci-C2-haloalkyl, in particular from C C2-fluoroalkyl such as fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluo- romethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and the like.

The term "alkoxy" as used herein denotes in each case a straight-chain or branched alkyl group which is bonded via an oxygen atom and has usually from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, frequently from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. 1 or 2 carbon atoms. Ex- amples of an alkoxy group are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butyloxy, 2-butyloxy, iso-butyloxy, tert.-butyloxy, and the like.

The term "alkoxyalkyl" as used herein refers to alkyl usually comprising 1 to 10, frequently 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms, wherein 1 carbon atom carries an alkoxy radical usually comprising 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined above. Examples are CH2OCH3, CH2- OC2H5, 2-(methoxy)ethyl, and 2-(ethoxy)ethyl.

The term "alkylthio "(alkylsulfanyl: alkyl-S-)" as used herein refers to a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms (= Ci-C₄-alkylthio), more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, which is attached via a sulfur atom.

The term "haloalkylthio" as used herein refers to an alkylthio group as mentioned above wherein the hydrogen atoms are partially or fully substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and/or iodine.

The term "alkenyl" as used herein denotes in each case a singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having usually 2 to 10, frequently 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. vinyl, allyl (2- propen-1 -yl), 1-propen-1 -yl, 2-propen-2-yl, methallyl (2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl), 2-buten-1-yl, 3- buten-1 -yl, 2-penten-1-yl, 3-penten-1-yl, 4-penten-1 -yl, 1-methylbut-2-en-1 -yl, 2-ethylprop-2-en- 1 -yl and the like.

The term "alkenyloxy" as used herein denotes in each case an alkenyl group as defined above, which is bonded via an oxygen atom and has usually from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6 or from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. The term "alkynyl" as used herein denotes in each case a singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having usually 2 to 10, frequently 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. ethynyl, pro- pargyl (2-propyn-1-yl), 1-propyn-1 -yl, 1-methylprop-2-yn-1-yl), 2-butyn-1-yl, 3-butyn-1-yl, 1 -pen- tyn-1-yl, 3-pentyn-1-yl, 4-pentyn-1 -yl, 1-methylbut-2-yn-1-yl, 1 -ethyl prop-2-yn-1-yl and the like. The term "alkynyloxy" as used herein denotes in each case an alkenyl group as defined above, which is bonded via an oxygen atom and has usually from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 6 or from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

The term "cycloalkylalkyl" refers to a cycloalkyl group as defined above which is bonded via an alkyl group, such as a Ci-C6-alkyl group or a Ci-C4-alkyl group, in particular a methyl group (= cycloalkylmethyl), to the remainder of the molecule.

The term "cycloalkyl" as used herein and in the cycloalkyl moieties of cycloalkoxy and cycloal- kylthio denotes in each case a monocyclic cycloaliphatic radical having usually from 3 to 10 or from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl and cyclodecyl or cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The term "cycloalkenyl" as used herein and in the cycloalkenyl moieties of cycloalkenyloxy and cycloalkenylthio denotes in each case a monocyclic singly unsaturated non-aromatic radical having usually from 3 to 10, e.g. 3, or 4 or from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 3- to 8 carbon atoms. Exemplary cycloalkenyl groups include cyclopropenyl, cycloheptenyl or cy- clooctenyl.

The term "cycloalkenylalkyl" refers to a cycloalkenyl group as defined above which is bonded via an alkyl group, such as a Ci-C6-alkyl group or a Ci-C4-alkyl group, in particular a methyl group (= cycloalkenylmethyl), to the remainder of the molecule.

The term "carbocycle" or "carbocyclyl" includes in general a 3- to 12-membered, preferably a

3- to 8-membered or a 5- to 8-membered, more preferably a 5- or 6-membered mono-cyclic, non-aromatic ring comprising 3 to 12, preferably 3 to 8 or 5 to 8, more preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms. Preferably, the term "carbocycle" covers cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl groups as defined above.

The term "heterocycle" or "heterocyclyl" includes in general 3- to 12-membered, preferably 3- to 8-membered or 5- to 8-membered, more preferably 5- or 6-membered, in particular 6-mem- bered monocyclic heterocyclic non-aromatic radicals. The heterocyclic non-aromatic radicals usually comprise 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5, preferably 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring members, where S-atoms as ring members may be present as S, SO or SO2. Examples of 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radicals comprise saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic heterocyclic rings, such as oxiranyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, thietanyl-S-oxid (S-oxothietanyl), thietanyl-S- dioxid (S-dioxothiethanyl), pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrazolinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl, thiolanyl, S-oxothiolanyl, S-dioxothiolanyl, dihydrothienyl, S-oxodihydrothienyl, S- dioxodihydrothienyl, oxazolidinyl, oxazolinyl, thiazolinyl, oxathiolanyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, py- ranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1 ,3- and 1 ,4-dioxanyl, thiopyranyl, S.oxothiopyranyl, S- dioxothiopyranyl, di hydro thiopyranyl, S-oxodihydrothiopyranyl, S-dioxodihydrothiopyranyl, tetra- hydrothiopyranyl, S-oxotetrahydrothiopyranyl, S-dioxotetra hydro thiopyranyl, morpholinyl, thio- morpholinyl, S-oxothiomorpholinyl, S-dioxothiomorpholinyl, thiazinyl and the like. Examples for heterocyclic ring also comprising 1 or 2 carbonyl groups as ring members comprise pyrrolidin-2- onyl, pyrrolidin-2,5-dionyl, imidazolidin-2-onyl, oxazolidin-2-onyl, thiazolidin-2-onyl and the like. The term "aryl" includes mono-, bi- or tricyclic aromatic radicals having usually from 6 to 14, preferably 6, 10, or 14 carbon atoms. Exemplary aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl and an- thracenyl. Phenyl is preferred as aryl group.

The term "hetaryl" includes monocyclic 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals comprising as ring members 1 , 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S. Examples of 5- or 6-mem- bered heteroaromatic radicals include pyridyl, i.e. 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, i.e. 2-, 4-, or 5- pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, i.e. 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, thienyl, i.e. 2- or 3-thienyl, furyl, i.e. 2- or 3-furyl, pyrrolyl, i.e. 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, i.e. 2-, 3-, or 5-oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, i.e. 3-, 4-, or 5-isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, i.e. 2-, 3- or 5-thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, i.e. 3-, 4-, or 5-isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, i.e. 1 -, 3-, 4-, or 5-pyrazolyl, i.e. 1-, 2-, 4-, or 5-imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, e.g. 2- or 5-[1 ,3,4]oxadia- zolyl, 4- or 5-(1 ,2,3-oxadiazol)yl, 3- or 5-(1 ,2,4-oxadiazol)yl, 2- or 5-(1 ,3,4-thiadiazol)yl, thiadia- zolyl, e.g. 2- or 5-(1 ,3,4-thiadiazol)yl, 4- or 5-(1 ,2,3-thiadiazol)yl, 3- or 5-(1 ,2,4-thiadiazol)yl, tria- zolyl, e.g. 1 H-, 2H- or 3H-1 ,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 2H-triazol-3-yl, 1 H-, 2H-, or 4H-1 ,2,4-triazolyl and te- trazolyl, i.e. 1 H- or 2H-tetrazolyl. The term "hetaryl" also includes bicyclic 8 to 10-membered heteroaromatic radicals comprising as ring members 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, wherein a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring is fused to a phenyl ring or to a 5- or 6- membered heteroaromatic radical. Examples of a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring fused to a phenyl ring or to a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic radical include benzofuranyl, benzo- thienyl, indolyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxathiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzoxazinyl, chinolinyl, isochinolinyl, purinyl, 1 ,8-naphthyridyl, pteridyl, pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidyl or pyridoimidazolyl and the like. These fused hetaryl radicals may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule via any ring atom of 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring or via a carbon atom of the fused phenyl moiety.

The terms "benzyloxy" and "phenoxy" refer to a benzyl and a phenyl group, respectively, which are bonded via an oxygen atom to the remainder of the molecule.

The terms "heterocyclylalkyl" and "hetaryl alkyl" refer to heterocyclyl or hetaryl, respectively, as defined above which are bonded via a Ci-C6-alkyl group or a Ci-C4-alkyl group, in particular a methyl group (= heterocyclylmethyl or hetarylmethyl, respectively), to the remainder of the molecule.

The term "arylalkyl" refers to aryl as defined above, which is bonded via Ci-C6-alkyl group or a Ci-C₄-alkyl group, in particular a methyl group (= arylmethyl or phenylmethyl), to the remainder of the molecule, examples including benzyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, etc.

The term "cyclic moiety" can refer to any cyclic groups, which are present in the compounds of formula I, and which are defined above, e.g. cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, carbocycle, heterocycloal- kyl, heterocycloalkenyl, heterocycle, aryl, hetaryl and the like.

As has been set out above, the present invention concerns in one aspect the use of a mixture (Q) comprising DM PSA and a compound of formula I

preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification

wherein

R¹ and R² are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, Ci-C6- alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, Ci-C₄-alkoxy-Ci-C₄-alkyl alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyloxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, wherein the C-atoms may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2 or 3 identical or different substituents R^e;

wherein

and wherein

R^a is selected from CN , halogen, N0₂, Ci-C₄-alkyl, Ci-C₄-haloalkyl and CrC₄-alkoxy;

R^b is selected from H , Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C₄-alkenyl, C2-C₄-alkynyl, CrC₄-haloalkyl, phenyl and benzyl;

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C4- alkyl, and CrC₄-haloalkyl; or

R^e is selected from CN , halogen, CrC₄-alkyl, CrC₄-haloalkyl, Ci-C₄-alkoxy, and C1-C4- haloalkoxy;

Y is O or S; and

m is 0, 1 or 2.

In one preferred embodiment of said compound of formula I as defined above, R¹ is H and R² is selected from the group consisting of C2-C6-alkynyl, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of C2-C₄-alkynyl, C2-C4- alkynyloxy, aryl-CrC₄-alkyl, and hetaryl-CrC₄-alkyl, and is most preferably hetaryl-CrC₄-alkyl, in particular triazolylmethyl. These compounds correspond to compounds of formula I. a, wherein R²-a represents a substituent selected from the group consisting of C2-C6-alkynyl, C2- C6-alkynyloxy, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of C2-C4-alkynyl, C2-C4-alkynyloxy, aryl-Ci-C4-alkyl, and hetaryl-Ci-C4-alkyl, and is more preferably selected from the group consisting of C3-alkynyloxy and hetaryl-Ci-C4- alkyl, and is most preferably hetaryl-CrC₄-alkyl, in particular triazolylmethyl. If R²-a is triazol- ylmethyl, it is preferred that the triazole moiety is bonded to the methyl group via one of the nitrogen atoms. Furthermore, it is prefer oiety is a 1 ,2,4-triazole moiety.

In another preferred embodiment of said compound of formula I as defined above, both, R¹ and R² are H. These compounds correspond to compounds of formula l.b.

H H A^' ~ ^ (l.b)

In one embodiment of the compound of formula I, A is phenyl, wherein said phenyl ring is un- substituted or carries 1 , 2, or 3 identical or different substituents R^A. Such compounds correspond to compounds of formula 1.1 , wherein (R^A)_n with n being 0, 1 , 2, or 3 indicates the above substitution possibilities for the compound.

Particular preferred are compounds of formula I, wherein n is 1 or 2, i.e. the following compounds 1.1 ¹ and I.1²

In connection with the compounds defined above, it is to be understood that the substituent(s) R^A may be present at any carbon atom of the phenyl ring.

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and compounds of formula I, wherein R¹ is H, R² is R²-a, and A is phenyl, wherein said phenyl ring is unsubstituted or carries 1 , 2, or 3 identical or different substituents R^A. Such compounds are referred to compounds of formula 1.1. a, with compounds of formula 1.1¹. a and compounds of formula 1.1².a being particularly preferred.

In another preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and compounds of formula I, wherein R¹ is H, R² is H, A is phenyl, wherein said phenyl ring is unsubstituted or carries 1 , 2, or 3 identical or different substituents R^A. Such compounds are referred to compounds of formula 1. . b, with compounds of formula 1. ¹.b and compounds of formula l.1².b being particularly preferred. Furthermore, it can be preferred that the phenyl ring is unsubstituted, i.e. that n in formula 1.1.b is 0.

In one preferred embodiment, the present invention therefore relates to mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and compounds of formula I, wherein R¹ is H, R² is H, A is phenyl, wherein said phenyl ring is unsubstituted or carries 1 , or 2 identical or different substituents R^A.

In connection with the compounds defined above, it is to be understood that the substituent(s) R^A may be present at any carbon atom of the phenyl ring. In certain preferred embodiments of the invention, it is preferred that at least one substituent R^A is present in para position with respect to the propargylether group.

For the compounds as defined above, i.e. I. a, l.b, 1.1 , I.1 ¹, I.1², 1.1. a, l.1 ¹.a, l.1².a, 1.1 .b, 1.1 .b, l.1².b, it is particularly preferred that R^A, if present, is selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, NR^cR^d, Ci-C6-alkyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, Ci-C6-alkoxy, Ci-C6-alkylthio, phenoxy and ben- zyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein R^a, R^c and R^d are defined as follows:

R^a is selected from halogen, Ci-C2-alkyl, Ci-C2-alkoxy, or two substituents R^a on adjacent C- atoms may be a OCH₂CH₂0 bridge or a 0(CH₂)0 bridge; and

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, Ci-C4-alkyl, and CrC₄-haloalkyl.

It is more preferred that R^A is selected from the group consisting of halogen, N0₂, C C6-alkyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, Ci-C6-alkoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phenoxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein

R^a is selected from halogen.

It is more preferred that R^A is selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, Ci-C2-alkyl, Ci-C2-haloalkyl, C C2-alkoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phenoxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein

R^a is selected from halogen.

It is most preferred that R^A is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, NO2, CH3, CF3, methoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phenoxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein

R^a is selected from fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.

In one particularly preferred embodiment of the compounds as defined above, in particular of the compounds of formula 1.1 .b, 1.1 ¹.b, l.1².b as defined above, it is preferred that R^A, if present, is selected from the group consisting of halogen, CrC₄-alkyl, and Ci-C₄-alkoxy.

In one especially preferred embodiment of the compounds as defined above, in particular of the compounds of formula 1.1 .b, 1.1 ¹.b, l.1².b as defined above, it is preferred that R^A, if present, is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, CH3, methoxy, eth- oxy, and n-propoxy, wherein preferably at least one of these groups is present in para position with respect to the propargylether group. Thus, the present invention relates in one embodiment to mixtures (Q) comprising DMPSA and compounds of formula I, wherein

R¹ and R² are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, C2-C6-al- kynyl, C2-C6-al kynyl oxy, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, provided at least one of R¹ and R² is H, and wherein

A is phenyl, wherein said phenyl ring is unsubstituted or carries 1 , 2, or 3 identical or different substituents R^A, wherein

R^A is selected from the group consisting of CN , halogen, N0₂, C(Y)OR^b, C(Y)N R^cR^d, N R^cR^d, Ci-C6-alkyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, Ci-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, Ci-C6-alkylthio, phenoxy and ben- zyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or differ- ent substituents R^a, wherein R^a, R^b, R^c and R^d are defined as follows:

R^a is selected from halogen, Ci-C2-alkyl, Ci-C2-alkoxy, or two substituents R^a on adjacent C- atoms may be a OCH2CH2O bridge or a 0(CH2)0 bridge; and

R^b is H or C C₄-alkyl;

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, C C₄-alkyl, and Ci-C₄-haloalkyl.

Thus, the present invention relates in one embodiment to mixtures (Q) comprising DMPSA and compounds of formula I, wherein

R¹ and R² are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, C2-C6-al- kynyl, C2-C6-al kynyl oxy, aryl-C C6-alkyl, and hetaryl-C C6-alkyl, provided at least one of R¹ and R² is H, and wherein

R^A is selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, N R^cR^d, Ci-C6-alkyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, Ci-C6-alkoxy, Ci-C6-alkylthio, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may be un- substituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein R^a, R^c and R^d are defined as follows:

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, Ci-C₄-alkyl, and Ci-C₄-haloalkyl.

The above defined compounds of formula I are preferred in connection with the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DMPSA and compounds of formula I, preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification as defined herein. In particular, the present invention relates in one preferred embodiment to the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DMPSA and compound of formula 1.1. a, especially a compound of formula 1.1¹. a or 1.1².a as defined above, preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification, wherein R^A is selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, Ci-C6-alkyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, Ci-C6-alkoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phenoxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein

R^a is selected from halogen.

In a more preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DMPSA and a compound of formula 1.1. a, especially a compound of formula 1.1 ¹.a or l.1².a as defined above, preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification,

wherein R^A is selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, Ci-C2-alkyl, Ci-C2-haloalkyl, Ci-C2-alkoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phenoxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein

R^a is selected from halogen.

In an even more preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and a compound of formula 1.1. a, especially a compound of formula 1.1¹. a or l.1².a as defined above, preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification, wherein R^A is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, NO2, CH3, CF3, methoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phenoxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein

R^a is selected from fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.

It is to be understood that the above defined compounds of formula 1.1.a, in particular the com- pounds of formula 1.1¹.a or l.1².a, are not only preferred in connection with the use of mixtures (Q) according to the present invention, but also in connection with the composition, the agrochem- ical composition, and the methods as defined herein.

Furthermore, the present invention relates in another preferred embodiment to the use of mix- tures (Q) comprising DMPSA and a compound of formula l.1.b, especially a compound of formula l.1¹.b or l.1².b as defined above, preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification,

wherein R^A is selected from the group consisting of CN, halogen, N0₂, C(Y)OR^b, C(Y)NR^cR^d, Ci-C6-alkyl, Ci-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, and phenoxy, wherein the cyclic moiety may be un- substituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein R^a, R^b, R^c and R^d are defined as follows:

R^a is selected from halogen, Ci-C2-alkyl, or Ci-C2-alkoxy; and

R^b is H, or CrC₄-alkyl;

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, or Ci-C₄- alkyl.

Furthermore, the present invention relates in another preferred embodiment to the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DMPSA and a compound of formula l.1.b, especially a compound of formula l.1¹.b or l.1².b as defined above, preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification,

wherein R^A is selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, Ci-C6-alkyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, Ci-C6-alkoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phenoxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein

R^a is selected from halogen. In a more preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DMPSA and a compound of formula l.1.b, especially a compound of formula 1. ¹.b or l.1².b as defined above, preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification,

wherein R^A is selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, C C2-alkyl, C C2-haloalkyl, Ci-C2-alkoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phenoxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein

R^a is selected from halogen.

In an even more preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and a compound of formula 1. . b, especially a compound of formula 1.1¹.b or l.1².b as defined above, preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification, wherein R^A is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, NO2, CH3, CF3, methoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phenoxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein

R^a is selected from fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.

In one particularly preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and a compound of formula 1.1. b, especially a compound of formula 1.1¹.b or l.1².b as defined above, preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification, wherein R^A, if present, is selected from the group consisting of halogen, C C₄-alkyl, and C C₄-alkoxy.

In one particularly preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and a compound of formula 1.1. b, especially a compound of formula 1.1¹.b or l.1².b as defined above, preferably as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification, wherein R^A, if present, is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, CH3, methoxy, ethoxy, and n-propoxy, wherein preferably at least one of these groups is present in para position with respect to the propargylether group.

It is to be understood that the above defined compounds of formula 1.1. b, in particular the compounds of formula 1.1¹.b or l.1².b, are not only preferred in connection with the use of mixtures (Q) according to the present invention, but also in connection with the composition, the agrochem- ical composition, and the methods as defined herein.

In particular with a view to their use of mixtures (Q) according to the present invention, preference is given to the compounds of formula I compiled in Table 1 below.

Table 1



In a central aspect the present invention thus relates to the mixture (Q) comprising DMPSA and a compound of formula I, or to the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and a compound of formula I as defined herein as a nitrification inhibitor, or for reducing nitrification. The mixtures (Q) comprising DMPSA and a compound of formula I or derivatives or salts thereof as defined herein, in particular the compounds of formula I and/or salts or suitable derivatives thereof, as well as compositions comprising said mixtuers (Q), or agrochemical compositions comprising said mixtures (Q) may be used for reducing nitrification.

In a central aspect the present invention thus relates to the use of mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and a compound of formula I as defined herein, in particular any one of the mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and compounds listed in Table 1 above, for reducing nitrification, or to the use of a composition comprising any one of the mixtures (Q) comprising DM PSA and compounds listed in Table 1 and a carrier for reducing nitrification. Furthermore, the present invention releates to an agrochemical composition comprising any one of the compounds listed in Ta- ble 1 above and at least one fertilizer as defined herein. Mixtures (Q) comprising DMPSA and the compounds of formula I or derivatives or salts thereof as defined herein, in particular compounds of formula I and/or salts thereof, or agrochemical compositions comprising said mixtures (Q) may be used for reducing nitrification.

The compounds of Table 1 may be subdivided into compounds of formula 1.1. a, i.e. com- pounds 1 -6, 1-7, 1-1 1 , 1-12, 1-13, 1 -17, 1 -18, 1 -20, 1-21 , 1-22, and compounds of formula 1.1.b, i.e. compounds 1-1 , 1 -2, 1-3, 1-4, 1 -5, 1-8, 1-9, 1 -10, 1 -14, 1 -15, 1 -16, 1 -19, 1-23, 1-24, 1-25, 1 - 26, 1-27, 1-28, 1 -29, 1 -30, 1-31 , 1-32, 1-33.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) are compounds of formula 1.1. a, which are selected from the group consisting of compounds 1-6, 1 - 7, 1 -1 1 , 1-12, 1-13, 1-17, 1 -18, 1 -20, 1 -21 , and 1-22, or which are structurally different from these compounds, but are characterized in that R^A, if present, is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, NO2, CH3, CF3, methoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phe- noxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein R^a is selected from fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) are compounds of formula 1.1 . a, which are selected from the group consisting of compounds 1 -6, 1 -7, 1-1 1 , 1 -12, 1 -13, 1 -17, 1-18, 1-20, 1 -21 , and1-22.

In another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) are compounds of formula l.1.b, which are selected from the group consisting of compounds 1- 1 , 1 -2, 1 -3, 1 -4, 1 -5, 1-8, 1-9, 1 -10, 1 -14, 1 -15 1-16, and 1 -19, or which are structurally different from these compounds, but are characterized in that R^A, if present, is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, NO2, CH3, CF3, methoxy, and phenoxy, wherein the phenoxy group may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein R^a is selected from fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) are compounds of formula 1. . b, which are selected from the group consisting of compounds 1 -1 , 1 -2, 1-3, 1 -4, 1 -5, 1-8, 1-9, 1 -10, 1 -14, 1-15, 1-16, 1-19, 1 -23, 1-24, 1-25, 1-26, 1 -27, 1 -28, 1 -29, 1-30, 1-31 , 1-32, and 1 -33, or which are structurally different from these compounds, but are characterized in that R^A, if present, is selected from the group consisting of halogen, C C₄- alkyl, and Ci-C₄-alkoxy, and preferably from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, CH3, methoxy, ethoxy, and n-propoxy.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) are compounds of formula 1.1 . b, which are selected from the group consisting of compounds 1 -1 , 1-2, 1 -3, 1-4, 1 -5, 1-8, 1 -9, 1-10, 1 -14, 1 -15, 1 -16, 1 -19, 1 -23, 1 -24, 1 -25, 1 -26, 1 -27, 1 -28, 1 -29, 1 -30, 1-31 , 1 -32, and 1 -33. In a particularly preferred preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) are compounds of formula l.l .b, which are selected from the group consisting of compounds 1 -2, 1 -5, 1-8, 1-14, 1 -15, 1-21 , 1 -23, 1-24, 1 - 25, 1 -26, 1 -27, 1-28, 1 -29, 1 -30, 1-31 , 1-32, and 1 -33, preferably from the group consisting of compounds 1-8, 1-14, 1-15, 1 -25, 1 -26, 1-27, 1-28, 1-29, and 1 -32.

In one embodiment of the above mentioned aspects of the invention, in particular the use according to the invention, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1 -1 as defined in Table 1 above.

In another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1 -2 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-3 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the com- pound 1-4 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-5 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-6 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-7 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-8 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the com- pound 1-9 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-10 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-1 1 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-12 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-13 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the com- pound 1-14 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-15 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-16 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-17 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) is the compound 1-18 as defined above. In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-19 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-20 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-21 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-22 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-23 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-24 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-25 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-26 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-27 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-28 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-29 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-30 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-31 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-32 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the corn- pound 1-33 as defined above.

In yet another embodiment, the compound o formula contained in mixtures Q is the com- pound of formula 1.1 ¹.b, wherein R^A is H, CI, o methoxy, and wherein R^A is in para position with respect to the propargylether group.

It has been found that the above listed compounds of formula I contained in mixtures (Q) have advantageous properties in terms of a high activity in particular at low concentrations. Furthermore, the compounds may exhibit a high stability in terms of hydrolysis and thus a reduced tox- icity.

The use according to the invention may be based on the application of the mixture (Q), the composition or the agrochemical composition as defined herein to a plant growing on soil and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow, or the use may be based on the application of the mixture (Q), the composition or the agrochemical composition as defined herein to soil where a plant is growing or is intended to grow or to soil substituents. In specific embodi- ments, the mixture (Q) may be used for reducing nitrification in the absence of plants, e.g. as preparatory activity for subsequent agricultural activity, or for reducing nitrification in other technical areas, which are not related to agriculture, e.g. for environmental, water protection, energy production or similar purposes. In specific embodiments, the mixture (Q), or a composition comprising said mixture (Q) according to the present invention may be used for the reduction of nitri- fication in sewage, slurry, manure or dung of animals, e.g. swine or bovine feces. For example, the mixture (Q), or a composition comprising said mixture (Q) according to the present invention may be used for the reduction of nitrification in sewage plants, biogas plants, cowsheds, liquid manure tanks or containers etc. In further embodiments, the mixture (Q), or a composition comprising said mixture (Q) according to the present invention may be used for the reduction of nitri- fication in situ in animals, e.g. in productive livestock. Accordingly, the mixture (Q), or a composition comprising said mixture (Q) according to the present invention may be fed to an animal, e.g. a mammal, for instance together with suitable feed and thereby lead to a reduction of nitrification in the gastrointestinal tract of the animals, which in turn is resulting in reduction of emissions from the gastrointestinal tract. This activity, i.e. the feeding of the mixture (Q), or a compo- sition comprising said mixture (Q) according to the present invention may be repeated one to several times, e.g. each 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th, 6^th, 7^th day, or each week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, or month, 2 months etc.

The use may further include the application of the mixture (Q), in particular the mixture (Q) comprising DM PSA and compounds of formula I and/or salts or suitable derivatives thereof, as well as compositions comprising said mixture (Q), or agrochemical compositions comprising said mixtuer (Q) as defined herein above to environments, areas or zones, where nitrification takes place or is assumed or expected to take place. Such environments, areas or zones may not comprise plants or soil. For example, the inhibitors may be used for nitrification inhibition in laboratory environments, e.g. based on enzymatic reactions or the like. Also envisaged is the use in green houses or similar indoor facilities.

The term "reducing nitrification" or "reduction of nitrification" as used herein refers to a slowing down or stopping of nitrification processes, e.g. by retarding or eliminating the natural transformation of ammonium into nitrate. Such reduction may be a complete or partial elimination of nitrification at the plant or locus where the inhibitor or composition comprising said inhibitor is ap- plied. For example, a partial elimination may result in a residual nitrification on or in the plant, or in or on the soil or soil substituents where a plant grows or is intended to grow of about 90% to 1 %, e.g. 90%, 85%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% or less than 10%, e.g. 5% or less than 5% in comparison to a control situation where a nitrification inhibitor or a mixture (Q) is not used. In certain embodiments, a partial elimination may result in a residual nitrification on or in the plant or in or on the soil or soil substituents where a plant grows or is intended to grow of below 1 %, e.g. at 0.5%, 0.1 % or less in comparison to a control situation where the nitrification inhibitor or a mixture (Q) is not used.

The use of a mixture (Q) as defined herein above, or of a composition as defined herein for reducing nitrification may be a single use, or it may be a repeated use. As single use, the mixture (Q) or corresponding compositions may be provided to their target sites, e.g. soil or loci, or objects, e.g. plants, only once in a physiologically relevant time interval, e.g. once a year, or once every 2 to 5 years, or once during the lifetime of a plant.

In other embodiments, the use may be repeated at least once per time period, e.g. the mixture (Q) as defined herein above, or a composition as defined herein may be used for reducing nitrification at their target sites or objects two times within a time interval of days, weeks or months. The term "at least once" as used in the context of a use of the mixture (Q) means that the mixture (Q) may be used two times, or several times, i.e. that a repetition or multiple repetitions of an application or treatment with a mixture (Q) may be envisaged. Such a repetition may be a 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times, 10 times or more frequent repetition of the use.

The mixture (Q) according to the present invention may be used in any suitable form. For example, it may be used as coated or uncoated granule, in liquid or semi-liquid form, as sprayable entity, or in irrigation approaches etc. In specific embodiments, the mixture (Q) as defined herein may be applied or used as such, i.e. without formulations, fertilizer, additional water, coatings, or any further ingredient.

The term "irrigation" as used herein refers to the watering of plants or loci or soils or soil sub- stituents where a plant grows or is intended to grow, wherein said watering includes the provision of the mixture (Q) according to the present invention together with water.

In a further aspect the invention relates to a composition for reducing nitrification comprising at least one mixture (Q); and at least one carrier.

The term "composition for reducing nitrification" as used herein refers to a composition which is suitable, e.g. comprises effective concentrations and amounts of ingredients such as nitrification inhibitors, in particular DM PSA and/or compounds of formula I or derivatives as defined herein, for reducing nitrification in any context or environment in which nitrification may occur. In one embodiment, the nitrification may be reduced in or on or at the locus of a plant. Typically, the nitrification may be reduced in the root zone of a plant. However, the area in which such reduction of nitrification may occur is not limited to the plants and their environment, but may also include any other habitat of nitrifying bacteria or any site at which nitrifying enzymatic activities can be found or can function in a general manner, e.g. sewage plants, biogas plants, animal effluents from productive livestock, e.g. cows, pigs etc.. "Effective amounts" or "effective concentrations" of nitrification inhibitors as defined herein may be determined according to suitable in vitro and in vivo testings known to the skilled person. These amounts and concentrations may be adjusted to the locus, plant, soil, climate conditions or any other suitable parameter which may have an influence on nitrification processes.

A "carrier" as used herein is a substance or composition which facilitates the delivery and/or release of the ingredients to the place or locus of destination. The term includes, for instance, agrochemical carriers which facilitate the delivery and/or release of agrochemicals in their field of use, in particular on or into plants.

Examples of suitable carriers include solid carriers such as phytogels, or hydrogels, or mineral earths e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, e.g., a solid or liquid ammonium-containing inorganic fertilizer such as an N PK fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate; an solid or liquid organic fertilizer such as liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, stable manure, biogas manure and straw manure, worm castings, compost, seaweed or guano, or an urea-containing fertilizer such as urea, formalde- hyde urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution, urea sulphur, stabilized urea, urea based NPK-fertilizers, or urea ammonium sulfate, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers. Further suitable examples of carriers include fumed silica or precipitated silica, which may, for instance, be used in solid formulations as flow aid, anti-caking aid, milling aid and as carrier for liquid active ingredients. Additional examples of suitable carriers are microparticles, for instance microparticles which stick to plant leaves and release their content over a certain period of time. In specific embodiments, agrochemical carriers such as composite gel microparticles that can be used to deliver plant-protection active principles, e.g. as described in US 6,180,141 ; or compositions comprising at least one phytoactive compound and an encapsulating adjuvant, wherein the adjuvant comprises a fungal cell or a fragment thereof, e.g. as described in WO 2005/102045; or carrier granules, coated with a lipophilic tackifier on the surface, wherein the carrier granule adheres to the surface of plants, grasses and weeds, e.g. as disclosed in US 2007/0280981 may be used. In further specific embodiments, such carriers may include specific, strongly binding molecule which assure that the carrier sticks to the plant, the soil, or the locus where the plant is growing till its content is completely delivered. For instance, the carrier may be or comprise cellulose binding domains (CBDs) have been described as useful agents for attachment of molecular species to cellulose (see US 6,124,1 17); or direct fusions between a CBD and an enzyme; or a multifunctional fusion protein which may be used for delivery of encapsulated agents, wherein the multifunctional fusion proteins may consist of a first binding do- main which is a carbohydrate binding domain and a second binding domain, wherein either the first binding domain or the second binding domain can bind to a microparticle (see also WO 03/031477). Further suitable examples of carriers include bifunctional fusion proteins consisting of a CBD and an anti-RR6 antibody fragment binding to a microparticle, which complex may be deposited onto treads or cut grass (see also WO 03/031477). In another specific embodiment the carrier may be active ingredient carrier granules that adhere to the surface of plants, grasses and weeds or the soil, or the locus where the plant is growing etc. using a moisture-active coating, for instance including gum arabic, guar gum, gum karaya, gum tragacanth and locust bean gum. Upon application of the inventive granule onto a plant surface, water from precipitation, irrigation, dew, co-application with the granules from special application equipment, or guttation water from the plant itself may provide sufficient moisture for adherence of the granule to the plant surface (see also US 2007/0280981 ).

In another specific embodiment the carrier, e.g. an agrochemical carrier, may be or comprise polyaminoacids. Polyaminoacids may be obtained according to any suitable process, e.g. by polymerization of single or multiple amino acids such as glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleu- cine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan, serine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine, asparagine, glu- tamine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine and/or ornithine. Polyaminoacids may be combined with a nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention and, in certain embodiments, also with further carriers as mentioned herein above, or other nitrification inhibitors as mentioned herein in any suitable ratio. For example, Polyaminoacids may be combined with a nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention in a ratio of 1 to 10 (pol- yaminoacids) vs. 0.5 to 2 (nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention).

The composition for reducing nitrification comprising at least one mixture (Q) as defined herein may further comprise additional ingredients, for example at least one pesticidal compound. For example, the composition may additionally comprise at least one herbicidal compound and/or at least one fungicidal compound and/or at least one insecticidal compound and/or at least one ne- maticide. In further embodiments, the composition may, in addition to the above indicated ingredients, in particular in addition to the mixture (Q) comprising DM PSA and a compound of formula I, further comprise one or more alternative or additional nitrification inhibitors. Examples of envisaged alternative or additional nitrification inhibitors are linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl p- coumarate, methyl ferulate, methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (MHPP), Karanjin, brachi- alacton, p-benzoquinone sorgoleone, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrin or N- serve), dicyandiamide (DCD, DIDIN), 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP, ENTEC), 4- amino-1 ,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC), 1-amido-2-thiourea (ASU), 2-amino-4-chloro-6- methylpyrimidine (AM), 2-mercapto-benzothiazole (MBT), 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1 ,2,4-thi- odiazole (terrazole, etridiazole), 2-sulfanilamidothiazole (ST), ammoniumthiosulfate (ATU), 3- methylpyrazol (3-MP), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP), 1 ,2,4-triazol thiourea (TU), N-(1 H-pyrazolyl- methyl)acetamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl)methyl)acetamide, and N-(1 H-py- razolyl-methyl)formamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl)methyl formamide, N-(4- chloro-3(5)-methyl-pyrazole-1 -ylmethyl)-formamide, N-(3(5),4-dimethyl-pyrazole-1 -ylmethyl)- formamide, neem, products based on ingredients of neem, cyan amide, melamine, zeolite pow- der, catechol, benzoquinone, sodium terta board, zinc sulfate, the nitrification inhibitor as described in Formula 5 or Formula 6 of US 9440890 B2.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrin or N- serve).

In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and the nitrification inhibitor as described in Formula 5 or Formula 6 of US 9440890 B2.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1 ,2,4-thiodiazole (terrazole, etridiazole).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and dicyandiamide (DCD, DIDIN).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP, ENTEC).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM). In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 2-mercapto-benzothiazole (MBT).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 2-sulfanilamidothiazole (ST).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and ammoniumthiosulfate (ATU).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 3-methylpyrazol (3-MP).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 1 ,2,4-triazol.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and thiourea (TU).

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and linoleic acid.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a nitrification inhibitor of the compound of formula I and alpha-linolenic acid.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and methyl p-coumarate.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate

(MHPP).

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and methyl ferulate.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and Karanjin.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and brachialacton.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and p-benzoquinone sorgoleone.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 4-amino-1 ,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC).

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 1 -amido-2-thiourea (ASU).

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl)methyl)acet- amide.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl)methyl forma- mide.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and N-(4-chloro-3(5)-methyl-pyrazole-1 -ylmethyl)- formamide. In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and N-(3(5),4-dimethyl-pyrazole-1-ylmethyl)-forma- mide.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and neem or products based on ingredients of neem.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and cyanamide.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and melamine.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and zeolite powder.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and batechol.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and benzoquinone.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and sodium tetra borate

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and zinc sulfate.

In further embodiments, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I, and two entities selected from the group comprising: linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl p-coumarate, methyl ferulate, methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (MHPP), Karanjin, brachialacton, p-benzoquinone sorgoleone, 2-chloro-6-(trichlorome- thyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrin or N-serve), dicyandiamide (DCD, DIDIN), 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP, ENTEC), 4-amino-1 ,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC), 1 -amido-2-thiourea (ASU),

2- amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM), 2-mercapto-benzothiazole (MBT), 5-ethoxy-3-tri- chloromethyl-1 ,2,4-thiodiazole (terrazole, etridiazole), 2-sulfanilamidothiazole (ST), ammoni- umthiosulfate (ATU), 3-methylpyrazol (3-M P), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP), 1 ,2,4-triazol and thi- ourea (TU), N-(1 H-pyrazolyl-methyl)acetamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl)me- thyl)acetamide, and N-(1 H-pyrazolyl-methyl)formamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 - yl)methyl formamide, N-(4-chloro-3(5)-methyl-pyrazole-1-ylmethyl)-formamide, or N-(3(5),4-di- methyl-pyrazole-1-ylmethyl)-formamide neem, products based on ingredients of neem, cyan amide, melamine, zeolite powder, catechol, benzoquinone, sodium tetra borate, zinc sulfate, the nitrification inhibitor as described in Formula 5 or Formula 6 of US 9440890 B2.

In yet another group of embodiments, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and three, four or more entities selected from the group comprising: linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl p-coumarate, methyl ferulate, methyl

3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (MHPP), Karanjin, brachialacton, p-benzoquinone sorgoleone, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrin or N-serve), dicyandiamide (DCD, DIDIN), 3,4- dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP, ENTEC), 4-amino-1 ,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC), 1- amido-2-thiourea (ASU), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM), 2-mercapto-benzothiazole (MBT), 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1 ,2,4-thiodiazole (terrazole, etridiazole), 2-sulfanilamidothiazole (ST) ammoniumthiosulfate (ATU), 3-methylpyrazol (3-MP), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP), 1 ,2,4-triazol and thiourea (TU), N-(1 H-pyrazolyl-methyl)acetamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H- pyrazole-1-yl)methyl)acetamide, and N-(1 H-pyrazolyl-methyl)formamides such as N-((3(5)-me- thyl-1 H - py razo I e-1-yl) methyl formamide, N-(4-chloro-3(5)-methyl-pyrazole-1 -ylmethyl)-forma- mide, or N-(3(5),4-dimethyl-pyrazole-1-ylmethyl)-formamide neem, products based on ingredi- ents of neem, cyan amide, melamine, zeolite powder, catechol, benzoquinone, sodium tetra borate, zinc sulfate, the nitrification inhibitor as described in Formula 5 or Formula 6 of US

9440890 B2.

In further embodiments, the composition may, in addition to the above indicated ingredients, in particular in addition to DM PSA and the compound of formula I, further comprise one or more urease inhibitors. Examples of envisaged urease inhibitors include N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT, Agrotain), N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide (NPPT), 2-nitrophenyl phosphoric triamide (2-NPT), further NXPTs known to the skilled person, phenylphosphorodi- amidate (PPD/PPDA), hydroquinone, ammonium thiosulfate, and mixtures of NBPT and NPPT (see e.g. US 8,075,659), or urease inhibitors described in claim 1 of WO2017/019528A1. Such mixtures of NBPT and NPPT may comprise NBPT in amounts of from 40 to 95% wt.-% and preferably of 60 to 80% wt.-% based on the total amount of active substances. Such mixtures are marketed as LIM US, which is a composition comprising about 16.9 wt.-% NBPT and about 5.6 wt.-% NPPT and about 77.5 wt.-% of other ingredients including solvents and adjuvants. In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and urease inhibitors described in claim 1 of

WO2017/019528A1 .

In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT, Agrotain).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and phenylphosphorodiamidate (PPD/PPDA).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide (NPPT).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 2-nitrophenyl phosphoric triamide (2-NPT).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and hydroquinone.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and ammonium thiosulfate.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and neem.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and a mixture of NBPT and NPPT such as LIMUS. In further embodiments, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and two or more entities selected from the group comprising: N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT, Agrotain), N-(n-propyl) thiophosphoric acid tri- amide (NPPT), 2-nitrophenyl phosphoric triamide (2-NPT), further NXPTs known to the skilled person, phenylphosphorodiamidate (PPD/PPDA), hydroquinone, ammonium thiosulfate, and Ll- MUS.

In further embodiments, the composition may, in addition to one, more or all of the above indicated ingredients, in particular in addition to DM PSA and the compound of formula I, further comprise one or more plant growth regulators. Examples of envisaged plant growth regulators are antiauxins, auxins, cytokinins, defoliants, ethylene modulators, ethylene releasers, gibberel- lins, growth inhibitors, morphactins, growth retardants, growth stimulators, and further unclassified plant growth regulators.

Suitable examples of antiauxins to be used in a composition according to the present invention are clofibric acid or 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid.

Suitable examples of auxins to be used in a composition according to the present invention are 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA, naphthaleneacetamide, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate or 2,4,5-T.

Suitable examples of cytokinins to be used in a composition according to the present invention are 2iP, 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) (= N-6 Benzyladenine), 2,6-Dimethylpuridine (N-Oxide- 2,6-Lultidine), 2,6-Dimethylpyridine, kinetin, or zeatin.

Suitable examples of defoliants to be used in a composition according to the present invention are calcium cyanamide, dimethipin, endothal, merphos, metoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidi- azuron, tribufos, or tributyl phosphorotrithioate.

Suitable examples of ethylene modulators to be used in a composition according to the present invention are aviglycine, 1 -methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), Prohexadione (prohexadione calcium), or trinexapac (Trinexapac-ethyl).

Suitable examples of ethylene releasers to be used in a composition according to the present invention are ACC, etacelasil, ethephon, or glyoxime.

Suitable examples of gibberellins to be used in a composition according to the present invention are gibberelline or gibberellic acid.

Suitable examples of growth inhibitors to be used in a composition according to the present invention are abscisic acid, S-abscisic acid, ancymidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorphonium, chlor- propham, dikegulac, flumetralin, fluoridamid, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate), piproctanyl, prohydro- jasmon, propham, or 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid.

Suitable examples of morphactins to be used in a composition according to the present invention are chlorfluren, chlorflurenol, dichlorflurenol, or flurenol

Suitable examples of growth retardants to be used in a composition according to the present invention are chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide, paclobu- trazol, tetcyclacis, uniconazole, metconazol.

Suitable examples of growth stimulators to be used in a composition according to the present invention are brassinolide, forchlorfenuron, or hymexazol. Suitable examples of further unclassified plant growth regulators to be used in a composition according to the present invention are amidochlor, benzofluor, buminafos, carvone, choline chloride, ciobutide, clofencet, cloxyfonac, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfa- mide, epocholeone, ethychlozate, ethylene, fenridazon, fluprimidol, fluthiacet, heptopargil, holosulf, inabenfide, karetazan, lead arsenate, methasulfocarb, pydanon, sintofen, diflufenzopyr or triapenthenol

In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and at least one compound selected from the group comprising: abscisic acid, amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine (= N-6 benzyladenine), brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, damino- zide, diflufenzopyr, dikegulac, dimethipin, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, ethephon, flumetralin, flur- primidol, fluthiacet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole- 3-acetic acid, maleic hy- drazide, mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), 1 -methylcyclopropene (1 -MCP), naphtha- leneacetic acid, N-6 benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione calcium), pro- hydrojasmon, thidiazuron, triapenthenol, tributyl phosphorotrithioate, 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid, trinexapac-ethyl, and uniconazole.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and clofibric acid.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 4-CPA.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 2,4-D.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DM PSA, a compound of formula I and 2,4-DB.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and 2,4-DEP.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and dichlorprop.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and fenoprop.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and IBA.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and naphthaleneacetamide.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and 1 -naphthol.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and naphthoxyacetic acid. In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and potassium naphthenate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and sodium naphthenate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and 2,4, 5-T.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and 2iP.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) (= N-6 Benzylade- nine).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and 2,6-Dimethylpuridine (N-Oxide-2,6-Lultidine).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and zeatin.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and kinetin.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and calcium cyanamide.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and dimethipin.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and endothal.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and merphos.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and metoxuron.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and pentachlorophenol.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and thidiazuron.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and tribufos.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and tributyl phosphorotrithioate.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and aviglycine.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise DMPSA, a compound of formula I and 1 -methylcyclopropene.

A composition as defined herein, in particular a composition comprising DMPSA and a compound of formula I and a plant growth regulator as defined herein, may be used for the increase of plant health. The term "plant health" as used herein is intended to mean a condition of the plant which is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other. One indicator (indicator 1 ) for the condition of the plant is the crop yield. "Crop" and "fruit" are to be understood as any plant product which is further utilized after harvesting, e.g. fruits in the proper sense, vegeta- bles, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants), flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals) etc., that is anything of economic value that is produced by the plant. Another indicator (indicator 2) for the condition of the plant is the plant vigor. The plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects, too, some of which are visual appearance, e.g. leaf color, fruit color and aspect, amount of dead basal leaves and/or extent of leaf blades, plant weight, plant height, extent of plant verse (lodging), number, strong ness and productivity of tillers, panicles' length, extent of root system, strongness of roots, extent of nodulation, in particular of rhizobial nodulation, point of time of germination, emergence, flowering, grain maturity and/or senescence, protein content, sugar content and the like. Another indicator (indicator 3) for an increase of a plant's health is the reduction of biotic or abiotic stress factors. The three above mentioned indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent and may result from each other. For example, a reduction of biotic or abiotic stress may lead to a better plant vigor, e.g. to better and bigger crops, and thus to an increased yield. Biotic stress, especially over longer terms, can have harmful effects on plants. The term "biotic stress" as used in the context of the present invention refers in particular to stress caused by living organisms. As a result, the quantity and the quality of the stressed plants, their crops and fruits decrease. As far as quality is concerned, reproductive development is usually severely affected with consequences on the crops which are important for fruits or seeds. Growth may be slowed by the stresses; polysaccharide synthesis, both structural and storage, may be reduced or modified: these effects may lead to a decrease in biomass and to changes in the nutritional value of the product. Abiotic stress includes drought, cold, increased UV, increased heat, or other changes in the environment of the plant, that leads to sub-optimal growth conditions. The term "increased yield" of a plant as used herein means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the composition of the invention. Accord- ing to the present invention, it is preferred that the yield be increased by at least 0,5 %, more preferred at least 1 %, even more preferred at least 2 %, still more preferred at least 4 %. An increased yield may, for example, be due to a reduction of nitrification and a corresponding improvement of uptake of nitrogen nutrients. The term "improved plant vigor" as used herein means that certain crop characteristics are increased or improved by a measurable or noticea- ble amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the composition of the present invention. Improved plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of a plant:

(a) improved vitality of the plant,

(b) improved quality of the plant and/or of the plant products, e.g.

(b) enhanced protein content,

(c) improved visual appearance,

(d) delay of senescence,

(e) enhanced root growth and/or more developed root system (e.g. determined by the dry mass of the root), (f) enhanced nodulation, in particular rhizobial nodulation,

(g) longer panicles,

(h) bigger leaf blade,

(i) less dead basal leaves,

(j) increased chlorophyll content

(k) prolonged photosynthetically active period

(I) improved nitrogen-supply within the plant

(m) improved water use efficiency

The improvement of the plant vigor according to the present invention particularly means that the improvement of anyone or several or all of the above mentioned plant characteristics are improved. It further means that if not all of the above characteristics are improved, those which are not improved are not worsened as compared to plants which were not treated according to the invention or are at least not worsened to such an extent that the negative effect exceeds the positive effect of the improved characteristic (i.e. there is always an overall positive effect which preferably results in an improved crop yield). An improved plant vigor may, for example, be due to a reduction of nitrification and, e.g. a regulation of plant growth.

In further embodiments, the composition may, in addition to the above indicated ingredients, in particular in addition to DM PSA and the compound of formula I, further comprise one or more pesticides.

A pesticide is an agent that through its effect deters, incapacitates, kills or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, spread disease or are vectors for disease. The term "pesticide" includes also plant growth regulators that alter the expected growth, flowering, or reproduction rate of plants; defoliants that cause leaves or other foliage to drop from a plant, usually to facilitate harvest; desiccants that promote drying of living tissues, such as unwanted plant tops; plant activators that activate plant physiology for defense of against certain pests; safeners that reduce unwanted herbicidal action of pesticides on crop plants; and plant growth promoters that affect plant physiology e.g. to increase plant growth, biomass, yield or any other quality parameter of the harvestable goods of a crop plant.

According to one embodiment, individual components of the mixture (Q) or of the composi- tion according to the invention may be parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture and may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank or any other kind of vessel used for applications (e. g. seed treater drums, seed pelleting machinery, knapsack sprayer) and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.

Consequently, one embodiment of the invention is a kit for preparing a usable pesticidal composition, the kit comprising a) a composition comprising component 1 ) [component 1 is the mixture (Q) ] and at least one auxiliary; and b) a composition comprising component 2) as defined herein and at least one auxiliary; and optionally c) a composition comprising at least one auxiliary and optionally a further active component 3) as defined herein. The following list of pesticides I (e. g. pesticidally-active substances), in conjunction with which the mixture (Q) comprising DM PSA and a compound of formula I can be used, is intended to illustrate the possible combinations but does not limit them:

A) Respiration inhibitors

- Inhibitors of complex III at Q₀ site (e. g. strobilurins): azoxystrobin (A.1.1 ), coumethoxy- strobin (A.1 .2), coumoxystrobin (A.1 .3), dimoxystrobin (A.1 .4), enestroburin (A.1.5), fenaminstrobin (A.1 .6), fenoxystrobin/flufenoxystrobin (A.1 .7), fluoxastrobin (A.1.8), kres- oxim-methyl (A.1 .9), mandestrobin (A.1.10), metominostrobin (A.1.1 1 ), orysastrobin

(A.1.12), picoxystrobin (A.1 .13), pyraclostrobin (A.1.14), pyrametostrobin (A.1.15), pyrao- xystrobin (A.1.16), trifloxystrobin (A.1.17), 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylidene- aminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide (A.1.18), pyribencarb (A.1.19), triclopyricarb/chlorodincarb (A.1.20), famoxadone (A.1.21 ), fenamidone (A.1 .21 ), methyl-/V-[2-[(1 ,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-pyrazol-3-yl)oxylmethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxy-carbamate (A.1.22), 1-[3-ch!oro-2-[[1 -(4-chioropheny!)-1 H-pyrazoi-3-yj]oxymethy!3phenyi]-4-methy!-te- trazoi-5-one (A.1.23), 1 -[3-bromo-2-[[1 -(4-chlorophenyi)pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]phenyl]-4- methy!-tetrazo!-5-one (A.1.24), 1 -[2-[[1 -(4-ch!orophenyi)pyrazoj-3-yi]oxymethy!]-3-met.hyi- phenyl]-4-methyl-teirazol-5-one (A.1 .25), 1 -[2-[[1-(4-ch orophenyl)pyrazoi-3-yl]oxymeihy ]-3- fluoro-phenyl]-4-rnethyi-tetrazo!-5-one (A.1.28), 1 ~[2-{[1 -{2,4-dichiorophenyl)pyrazol-3-y!]ox- ymethy!]-3-fluoro-pheny!]-4-methyi-tetrazo!-5-one (A.1 .27),

1 -[2-[[4-{ -ch!orophenyi)thiazG!^

(A.1.28), 1-f3-chloro-2-[i4-(p-tolyi)thiazoi-2-yi]oxymethyi]phenyi]-4-methyl-tetrazoi-5-^ (A.1.29), 1 -[3-cyc!opropy!-2-i[2-methyl-4-(1 -methy!pyrazoi-3-yi)phenoxy]methyi3phenyl]-

4- methyi-tetrazol-5-one (A.1.30), 1 -i3-(difluoromethoxy}-2-[[2-methy!-4-{ 1 -methyipyrazoi- 3-yl)phenoxy]methyl]phenyl]-4-methyl-tetrazol-5-one (A.1.31 ), 1 -methyi-4-[3-methyl- 2-[[2-rnethyl-4-(1-methy pyra∑ol-3-yl)phenoxy]methyl]pheny ]teira∑ol-5-one (A.1 .32), 1-me- thy!-4-[3-methyi-2-[[1-[3-(trif!u^^

5- one (A.1.33), (Z,2£)-5-[1-(2_>4-dichiorophenyl)pyrazo!-3-y!]-oxy-2-methoxyimino-A ,3-dime- thy!-pent-3-enamide (A.1.34), (Z2^-5-[1-(4-ch!oropheny!)pyrazoi-3-yl3oxy-2-methoxyimino- /V,3-dimethyl-pent-3-enamSde (A.1.35), (Z2£)-5-[1 -(4-chloro-2-flL!oro-pheny!)pyrazoi-3- yS]oxy-2-methoxyimino-/V,3-dimethyi-pent-3-enamide (A.1.36),

- inhibitors of complex III at Qi site: cyazofamid (A.2.1 ), amisulbrom (A.2.2), [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8- benzyl-3-[(3-acetoxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-diox- onan-7-yl] 2-methylpropanoate (A.2.3), [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[[3-(acetoxymethoxy)-4- methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl] 2-methylpropano- ate (A.2.4), [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-isobutoxycarbonyloxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-car- bonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl] 2-methylpropanoate (A.2.5),

[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[[3-(1 ,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-car- bonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl] 2-methylpropanoate (A.2.6);

(3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo- 8-(phenylmethyl)-1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate (A.2.7), {3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl- 3-[3-[(isobutyryloxy)methoxy]-4-meihoxypicoiinamido]-6-meihy -4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl isobutyrate (A.2.8);

- inhibitors of complex II (e. g. carboxamides): benodanil (A.3.1 ), benzovindiflupyr (A.3.2), bixafen (A.3.3), boscalid (A.3.4), carboxin (A.3.5), fenfuram (A.3.6), fluopyram (A.3.7), flutolanil (A.3.8), fluxapyroxad (A.3.9), furametpyr (A.3.10), isofetamid (A.3.1 1 ), isopyrazam (A.3.12), mepronil (A.3.13), oxycarboxin (A.3.14), penflufen (A.3.14), penthiopyrad (A.3.15), sedaxane (A.3.16), tecloftalam (A.3.17), thifluzamide (A.3.18), N-(4'-trifluoromethylthiobi- phenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.19), N-(2-(1 ,3,3-tri- methyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.20), 3-(difluoro- methyl)-1-methyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.21 ), 3-(trifluoro- methyl)-1-methyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.22), 1 ,3-dime- thyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.23), 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,5-di- methyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.24), 1 ,3,5-trimethyl-N- (1 ,1 ,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.25), N-(7-fluoro-1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-in- dan-4-yl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.26), N-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-meth- oxy-1-methyl-ethyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1 -methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (A.3.27);

- other respiration inhibitors (e. g. complex I, uncouplers): diflumetorim (A.4.1 ), (5,8-difluoro- quinazolin-4-yl)-{2-[2-fluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-ethyl}-amine (A.4.2); nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl (A.4.3), dinobuton (A.4.4), dinocap (A.4.5), fluazinam (A.4.6); ferimzone (A.4.7); organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate (A.4.8), fentin chloride (A.4.9) or fentin hydroxide (A.4.10); ametoctradin (A.4.1 1 ); and silthi- ofam (A.4.12);

B) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)

- C14 demethylase inhibitors (DM I fungicides): triazoles: azaconazole (B.1.1 ), bitertanol

(B.1.2), bromuconazole (B.1.3), cyproconazole (B.1 .4), difenoconazole (B.1.5), diniconazole (B.1.6), diniconazole-M (B.1.7), epoxiconazole (B.1.8), fenbuconazole (B.1.9), fluquin- conazole (B.1.10), flusilazole (B.1.1 1 ), flutriafol (B.1 .12), hexaconazole (B.1 .13), imiben- conazole (B.1.14), ipconazole (B.1.15), metconazole (B.1.17), myclobutanil (B.1 .18), oxpoconazole (B.1.19), paclobutrazole (B.1 .20), penconazole (B.1.21 ), propiconazole

(B.1.22), prothioconazole (B.1.23), simeconazole (B.1 .24), tebuconazole (B.1 .25), tetracona- zole (B.1 .26), triadimefon (B.1.27), triadimenol (B.1 .28), triticonazole (B.1 .29), uniconazole (B.1.30), 1-[rel-(2^3 x)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxiranylmethyl]-5-thiocya- nato-1 H-[1 ,2,4]triazolo (B.1 .31 ), 2-[rel-(25;3 T)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)- oxiranylmethyl]-2H-[1 ,2,4]triazole-3-thiol (B.1.32), 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]- 1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol (B.1.33), 1-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1 -cyclopropyl-2-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol (B.1.34), 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluorometh- yl)phenyl]-1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol (B.1.35), 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1- (1 ,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)butan-2-ol (B.1.36), 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3- methyl-1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol (B.1 .37), 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)- phenyl]-1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (B.1.38), 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-3- methyl-1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol (B.1 .39), 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)- phenyl]-1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol (B.1 .40), 2-[4-(4-fluorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)- phenyl]-1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (B.1.41 ), 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1 - (1 ,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)pent-3-yn-2-ol (B.1.51 ); imidazoles: imazalil (B.1 .42), pefurazoate (B.1 .43), prochloraz (B.1.44), triflumizol (B.1.45); pyrimidines, pyridines and piperazines: fenarimol (B.1.46), nuarimol (B.1.47), pyrifenox (B.1 .48), triforine (B.1 .49), [3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phe- nyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazol-4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol (B.1 .50);

- Delta14-reductase inhibitors: aldimorph (B.2.1 ), dodemorph (B.2.2), dodemorph-acetate (B.2.3), fenpropimorph (B.2.4), tridemorph (B.2.5), fenpropidin (B.2.6), piperalin (B.2.7), spi- roxamine (B.2.8);

- Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase: fenhexamid (B.3.1 );

C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

- phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl (C.1 .1 ), benalaxyl-M (C.1.2), kiralaxyl (C.1 .3), metalaxyl (C.1 .4), metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam, C.1.5), ofurace (C.1.6), oxadixyl (C.1 .7);

- others: hymexazole (C.2.1 ), octhilinone (C.2.2), oxolinic acid (C.2.3), bupirimate (C.2.4), 5- fluorocytosine (C.2.5), 5-fluoro-2-(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine (C.2.6), 5-fluoro-2-(4- fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine (C.2.7);

D) Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton

- tubulin inhibitors, such as benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl (D1 .1 ), carbendazim

(D1 .2), fuberidazole (D1.3), thiabendazole (D1.4), thiophanate-methyl (D1 .5); triazolopyrim- idines: 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrim- idine (D1.6);

- other cell division inhibitors: diethofencarb (D2.1 ), ethaboxam (D2.2), pencycuron (D2.3), fluopicolide (D2.4), zoxamide (D2.5), metrafenone (D2.6), pyriofenone (D2.7);

E) Inhibitors of amino acid and protein synthesis

- methionine synthesis inhibitors (anilino-pyrimidines): cyprodinil (E.1.1 ), mepanipyrim (E.1.2), pyrimethanil (E.1 .3);

- protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S (E.2.1 ), kasugamycin (E.2.2), kasugamycin hydro- chloride-hydrate (E.2.3), mildiomycin (E.2.4), streptomycin (E.2.5), oxytetracyclin (E.2.6), polyoxine (E.2.7), validamycin A (E.2.8);

F) Signal transduction inhibitors

- MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors: fluoroimid (F.1 .1 ), iprodione (F.1 .2), procymidone (F.1.3), vinclozolin (F.1.4), fenpiclonil (F.1 .5), fludioxonil (F.1.6);

- G protein inhibitors: quinoxyfen (F.2.1 );

G) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors

- Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors: edifenphos (G.1 .1 ), iprobenfos (G.1 .2), pyrazophos (G.1.3), isoprothiolane (G.1.4);

- lipid peroxidation: dicloran (G.2.1 ), quintozene (G.2.2), tecnazene (G.2.3), tolclofos-methyl (G.2.4), biphenyl (G.2.5), chloroneb (G.2.6), etridiazole (G.2.7);

- phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph (G.3.1 ), flumorph (G.3.2), mandipropamid (G.3.3), pyrimorph (G.3.4), benthiavalicarb (G.3.5), iprovalicarb (G.3.6), valifenalate (G.3.7) and N-(1 -(1 -(4-cyano-phenyl)ethanesulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbamic acid-(4- fluorophenyl) ester (G.3.8);

- compounds affecting cell membrane permeability and fatty acides: propamocarb (G.4.1 );

- fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors: oxathiapiprolin (G.5.1 ), 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluorome- thyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-5-yl}phenyl methanesulfonate (G.5.2), 2-{3-[2-(1 -{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]acetyl}piperi- din-4-yl) 1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate (G.5.3);

H) Inhibitors with Multi Site Action - inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture (H.1.1 ), copper acetate (H.1.2), copper hydroxide (H .1 .3), copper oxychloride (H.1.4), basic copper sulfate (H.1 .5), sulfur (H.1.6);

- thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam (H.2.1 ), mancozeb (H.2.2), maneb (H.2.3), metam

(H.2.4), metiram (H.2.5), propineb (H.2.6), thiram (H.2.7), zineb (H.2.8), ziram (H.2.9);

- organochlorine compounds (e. g. phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles): anilazine (H.3.1 ), chlorothalonil (H.3.2), captafol (H .3.3), captan (H.3.4), folpet (H.3.5), dichlofluanid (H.3.6), dichlorophen (H.3.7), hexachlorobenzene (H.3.8), pentachlorphenole (H.3.9) and its salts, phthalide (H.3.10), tolylfluanid (H.3.1 1 ), N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methyl- benzenesulfonamide (H.3.12);

- guanidines and others: guanidine (H.4.1 ), dodine (H.4.2), dodine free base (H.4.3),

guazatine (H.4.4), guazatine-acetate (H.4.5), iminoctadine (H.4.6), iminoctadine-triacetate (H.4.7), iminoctadine-tris(albesilate) (H.4.8), dithianon (H.4.9), 2,6-dimethyl-l H.5H- [1 ,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1 ,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (H .4.10);

I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

- inhibitors of glucan synthesis: validamycin (1.1.1 ), polyoxin B (1.1 .2);

- melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon (1.2.1 ), tricyclazole (1.2.2), carpropamid (1.2.3), dicy- clomet (1.2.4), fenoxanil (1.2.5);

J) Plant defence inducers

- acibenzolar-S-methyl (J.1.1 ), probenazole (J.1 .2), isotianil (J.1 .3), tiadinil (J.1 .4), prohexadi- one-calcium (J.1.5); phosphonates: fosetyl (J.1 .6), fosetyl-aluminum (J.1.7), phosphorous acid and its salts (J.1 .8), potassium or sodium bicarbonate (J.1 .9);

K) Unknown mode of action

- bronopol (K.1.1 ), chinomethionat (K.1 .2), cyflufenamid (K.1.3), cymoxanil (K.1 .4), dazomet (K.1.5), debacarb (K.1 .6), diclomezine (K.1.7), difenzoquat (K.1.8), difenzoquat-methyl- sulfate (K.1 .9), diphenylamin (K.1.10), fenpyrazamine (K.1 .1 1 ), flumetover (K.1.12), flusulfa- mide (K.1.13), flutianil (K.1.14), methasulfocarb (K.1.15), nitrapyrin (K.1.16), nitrothal-isopro- pyl (K.1 .18), oxathiapiprolin (K.1 .19), tolprocarb (K.1.20), oxin-copper (K.1.21 ), proquinazid (K.1.22), tebufloquin (K.1.23), tecloftalam (K.1 .24), triazoxide (K.1.25), 2-butoxy-6-iodo- 3-propylchromen-4-one (K.1 .26), 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2- (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]etha- none (K.1 .27), 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1 -[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-1 - yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1 -yl]ethanone (K.1.28),

2- [3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]-1 -[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2-yn-1 -yloxy)phenyl]- 4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone (K.1.29), N-(cyclopropyl- methoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-methyl)-2-phenyl acetamide (K.1 .30), N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl

formamidine (K.1 .31 ), N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-N- ethyl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1 .32), N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl- propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1 .33), N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3- trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1.34), methoxy-acetic acid 6-tert-butyl-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl-quinolin-4-yl ester (K.1.35), 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3- dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (K.1.36), 3-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-

3- yl]-pyridine (pyhsoxazole) (K.1.37), N-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide (K.1 .38), 5-chloro-1 -(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1 H-benzoimidazole (K.1.39), 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxy- acetamide, ethyl (Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoate (K.1 .40), picarbutrazox (K.1.41 ), pentyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1 -methyltetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2- pyridyl]carbamate (K.1.42), 2-[2-[(7,8-difluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]-6-fluoro-phenyl]pro- pan-2-ol (K.1 .43), 2-[2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]phen-yl]propan-2-ol

(K.1.44), 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1 -yl)quinoline (K.1 .45), 3- (4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1 -yl)quinoline (K.1 .46), 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro- 3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline (K.1 .47), 9-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(3- quinolyl)-3H-1 ,4-benzoxazepine (K.1.48);

M) Insecticides

M.1 ) Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors from the class of: M.1 A carbamates, for example aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathio- carb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thi- odicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb and triazamate; or from the class of

M.1 B organophosphates, for example acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, az- inphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/ DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethopro- phos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicya- fos, isofenphos, isopropyl O- (methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos- methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sul- fotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, tri- chlorfon and vamidothion;

M.2) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists such as: M .2A cyclodiene organochlorine compounds, as for example endosulfan or chlordane; or M.2B fiproles (phenylpyra- zoles), as for example ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprole, pyrafluprole and pyriprole;

M.3) Sodium channel modulators from the class of M.3A pyrethroids, for example

acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bio- allethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cyperme- thrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, del- tamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flu- cythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, me- perfluthrin,metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluth- rin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetra- methrin, tralomethrin and transfluthrin; or M.3B sodium channel modulators such as

DDT or methoxychlor;

M.4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (nAChR) from the class of M.4A neonico- tinoids, for example acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam; or the compounds M.4A.2: (2E-)-1 -[(6- Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N'-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboxim or M4.A.3: 1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexa- hydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine; or from the class M .4B nicotine;

M.5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators from the class of spinosyns, for example spinosad or spinetoram;

M.6) Chloride channel activators from the class of avermectins and milbemycins, for example abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin;

M.7) Juvenile hormone mimics, such as M.7A juvenile hormone analogues as hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene; or others as M.7B fenoxycarb or M.7C pyriproxyfen; M.8) miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, for example M.8A alkyl halides as methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or M.8B chloropicrin, or M.8C sulfuryl fluoride, or M.8D borax, or M.8E tartar emetic;

M.9) Selective homopteran feeding blockers, for example M.9B pymetrozine, or M.9C floni- camid;

M.10) Mite growth inhibitors, for example M.10A clofentezine, hexythiazox and diflovidazin, or M.10B etoxazole;

M.1 1 ) Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, for example bacillus thuringiensis or bacillus sphaericus and the insecticdal proteins they produce such as bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, bacillus sphaericus, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aiza- wai, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrio- nis, or the Bt crop proteins: Cryl Ab, CrylAc, Cryl Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34/35Ab1 ;

M.12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, for example M.12A diafenthiuron, or M.12B organotin miticides such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin or fenbutatin oxide, or M .12C pro- pargite, or M.12D tetradifon;

M.13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, for example chlorfenapyr, DNOC or sulfluramid;

M.14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, for example nereistoxin analogues as bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam or thiosultap sodium;

M.15) Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0, such as benzoylureas as for example bis- trifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron;

M.16) Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1 , as for example buprofezin;

M.17) Moulting disruptors, Dipteran, as for example cyromazine;

M.18) Ecdyson receptor agonists such as diacylhydrazines, for example methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide;

M.19) Octopamin receptor agonists, as for example amitraz;

M.20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, for example M.20A hydrame- thylnon, or M.20B acequinocyl, or M.20C fluacrypyrim;

M.21 ) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, for example M.21 A METI acari- cides and insecticides such as fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad or tolfenpyrad, or M.21 B rotenone; M.22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for example M.22A indoxacarb, or M.22B metaflumizone, or M.22B.1 : 2-[2-(4-Cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phe- nyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide or M.22B.2: N- (3-Chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phe- nyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide;

M.23) Inhibitors of the of acetyl CoA carboxylase, such as Tetronic and Tetramic acid derivatives, for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramat;

M.24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, for example M.24A phosphine such as aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine or zinc phosphide, or M.24B cyanide;

M.25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, such as beta-ketonitrile derivatives, for example cyenopyrafen or cyflumetofen;

M.28) Ryanodine receptor-modulators from the class of diamides, as for example flubendia- mide, chlorantraniliprole (rynaxypyr®), cyantraniliprole (cyazypyr®), tetraniliprole, or the phthalamide compounds M .28.1 : (R)-3-Chlor-N 1 -{2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2 -tetrafluor-

1 - (trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid and

M .28.2: (S)-3-Chlor-N 1 -{2-methyl-4-[1 ,2,2,2 -tetrafluor-1 -(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}- N2-(1 -methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid, or the compound M.28.3: 3-bromo-N- {2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(1-cyclopropylethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-1-(3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)- 1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (proposed ISO name: cyclaniliprole), or the compound

M.28.4: methyl-2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1 -(3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)-1 H-pyrazol-5- yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-1 ,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate; or a compound selected from M.28.5a) to M.28.5d) and M.28.5h) to M.28.5I): M.28.5a) N-[4,6-dichloro-

2- [(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluo- romethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.28.5b) N-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanyl- idene)carbamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-

3- carboxamide; M .28.5c) N-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)car- bamoyl]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carbox- amide; M.28.5d) N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]- phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.28.5h) N-

[4,6-dibromo-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2- pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.28.5i) N-[2-(5-Amino-1 ,3,4-thia- diazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1 -(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1 H-pyrazole-5- carboxamide; M .28.5j) 3-Chloro-1 -(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1 -cyano- 1 -methylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M.28.5k) 3-

Bromo-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1 -(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyl)-1 H-pyra- zole-5-carboxamide; M.28.5I) N-[4-Chloro-2-[[(1 ,1 -dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6- methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; or a compound selected from M.28.6: N-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)- 3-iodobenzene-1 ,2-dicarboxamide; or M.28.7: 3-Chloro-N-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-N-

(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-benzene-1 ,2-dicarboxamide;

M.29) insecticidal active compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action, as for example afidopyropen, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate, broflanilide, bromopropylate, chinomethionat, cryolite, dicloromezotiaz, dicofol, flufen- erim, flometoquin, fluensulfone, fluhexafon, fluopyram, flupyradifurone, fluralaner, me- toxadiazone, piperonyl butoxide, pyflubumide, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, sulfoxaflor, tioxazafen, triflumezopyrim, or the compounds;

M.29.3: 1 1 -(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1 ,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]- tetradec-1 1 -en-10-one, or the compound M.29.4: 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3- yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, or the compound M.29.5: 1-[2- fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-1 ,2,4-tria- zole-5-amine, or actives on basis of bacillus firmus (Votivo, 1-1582);

or a compound selected from the group of M.29.6, wherein the compound is selected from M .29.6a) to M.29.6k): M.29.6a) (E/Z)-N-[1 -[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridyli- dene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide; M .29.6b) (E/Z)-N-[1 -[(6-chloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)me- thyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide; M.29.6c) (E/Z)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[1 -[(6- fluoro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]acetamide; M .29.6d) (E/Z)-N-[1 -[(6-bromo-3- pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide; M .29.6e) (E/Z)-N-[1 -[1 -(6- chloro-3-pyridyl)ethyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide; M .29.6f) (E/Z)-N-[1 - [(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2-difluoro-acetamide; M .29.6g) (E/Z)-2- chloro-N-[1 -[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2-difluoro-acetamide;

M .29.6h) (E/Z)-N-[1 -[(2-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ac- etamide; M.29.6i) (E/Z)-N-[1 -[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,3,3,3- pentafluoro-propanamide.); M.29.6j) N-[1 -[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]- 2,2,2-trifluoro-thioacetamide; or M.29.6k) N-[1 -[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridyli- dene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-N'-isopropyl-acetamidine; or the compounds M.29.8: 8-chloro-N- [2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-6-trifluoromethyl)-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine-2-car- boxamide;

or the compounds M .29.9.a): 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxa- zol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothietan-3-yl)benzamide; or M.29.9.b): 4-[5-(3,5-Dichloro- phenyl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl]-N-[(methoxyimino)methyl]-2- methylbenzamide;

or M .29.10: 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1 H-pyrazole; or a compound selected from the group of M.29.1 1 , wherein the compound is selected from M.29.1 1 b) to M.29.1 1 p): M.29.1 1.b) 3-(benzoylmethylamino)-N-[2-bromo- 4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl)propyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-fluoro- benzamide; M.29.1 1.c) 3-(benzoylmethylamino)-2-fluoro-N-[2-iodo-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetra- fluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-benzamide; M.29.1 1 .d) N-[3-

[[[2-iodo-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phe- nyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-benzamide; M.29.1 1 .e) N-[3-[[[2-bromo-4- [1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]- 2-fluorophenyl]-4-fluoro-N-methyl-benzamide; M .29.1 1.f) 4-fluoro-N-[2-fluoro-3-[[[2- iodo-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]car- bonyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-benzamide; M.29.1 1 .g) 3-fluoro-N-[2-fluoro-3-[[[2-iodo-4- [1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]car- bonyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-benzamide; M.29.1 1 .h) 2-chloro-N-[3-[[[2-iodo-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tet- rafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl]- 3- pyridinecarboxamide; M.29.1 1 .i) 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3- hexafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-ben

M.29.1 1 .j) 4-cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2-methyl-benzoyl)amino]-N-[2,6-dichloro-4- [1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-2-fluoro-benzamide;

M.29.1 1 .k) N-[5-[[2-chloro-6-cyano-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)pro- pyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; M .29.1 1 .1) N-[5- [[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1 -hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phen bamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; M.29.1 1 .m) N-[5-[[2-bromo-6- chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano- phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide; M.29.1 1.n) 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-di- chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl)propy^

methyl-benzamide; M.29.1 1 .o) 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetra- fluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-ben

M.29.1 1 .p) N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1 ,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phe- nyl]carbamoyl]-2-cyano-phenyl]-4-cyano-2-methyl-benzamide;

or a compound selected from the group of M.29.12, wherein the compound is selected from M.29.12a) to M.29.12m): M.29.12.a) 2-(1 ,3-Dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)- 5-thiazolyl]-pyridine; M.29.12.b) 2-[6-[2-(5-Fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]- pyrimidine; M.29.12.C) 2-[6-[2-(3-Pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine;

M.29.12.d) N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide;

M.29.12.e) N-Methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide;

M .29.12.f) N-Ethyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylthio-propanamide; M.29.12.g) N-Methyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylthio-propanamide; M .29.12.h) N ,2-Dimethyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylthio-propana- mide; M.29.12.i) N-Ethyl-2-methyl-N-[4-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-3-methylthio- propanamide; M.29.12.j) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl-2-methyl-3-me- thylthio-propanamide; M.29.12.k) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N,2-dimethyl- 3-methylthio-propanamide; M.29.12.1) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-methyl- 3-methylthio-propanamide; M .29.12.m) N-[4-Chloro-2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]-N-ethyl- 3-methylthio-propanamide;

or the compounds M .29.14a) 1 -[(6-Chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro- 5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitro-imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridine; or M.29.14b) 1-[(6-Chloropyridin-

3- yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-1 ,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridin-5-ol;

or the compounds M.29.16a) 1-isopropyl-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4- carboxamide; or M .29.16b) 1 -(1 ,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl- pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M .29.16c) N ,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-1 -(2,2,2-trifluoro-1 - methyl-ethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M .29.16d) 1 -[1 -(1 -cyanocyclopropyl)ethyl]-N- ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.29.16e) N-ethyl-1-(2- fluoro-1-methyl-propyl)-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.29.16f) 1 -(1 ,2-dimethylpropyl)-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;

M .29.16g) 1 -[1 -(1 -cyanocyclopropyl)ethyl]-N ,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4- carboxamide; M .29.16h) N-methyl-1-(2-fluoro-1-methyl-propyl]-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-

4- yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M .29.16i) 1 -(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N- pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; or M.29.16j) 1 -(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-N,5- dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-pyrazole-4-carboxamide;

N) Herbicides

herbicides from the classes of the acetamides, amides, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, benzamides, benzofuran, benzoic acids, benzothiadiazinones, bipyridylium, carbamates, chloroacetamides, chlorocarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones, dinitroanilines, dinitrophenol, diphenyl ether, glycines, imidazolinones, isoxazoles, isoxazolidinones, nitriles, N- phenylphthalimides, oxadiazoles, oxazolidinediones, oxyacetamides, phenoxycarboxylic acids, phenylcarbamates, phenylpyrazoles, phenylpyrazolines, phenylpyridazines, phosphinic acids, phosphoroamidates, phosphorodithioates, phthalamates, pyrazoles, pyridazinones, pyridines, pyridinecarboxylic acids, pyridinecarboxamides, pyrimidinediones, pyrimidinyl(thio)benzoates, quinolinecarboxylic acids, semicarbazones, sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones, sulfonylureas, tetrazolinones, thiadiazoles, thiocarbamates, triazines, triazinones, triazoles, triazolinones, triazolocarboxamides, triazolopyrimidines, triketones, uracils, or ureas.

The present invention furthermore relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a DM PSA, at least one compound of formula I, and at least one further active substance useful for plant protection, e. g. selected from the groups A) to N) (component 2), in particular one further fungicide, e. g. one or more fungicide from the groups A) to K), as described above, and if de- sired one suitable solvent or solid carrier. Those compositions are of particular interest, since many of them at the same application rate show higher efficiencies against harmful fungi. Furthermore, combating harmful fungi with a composition of DM PSA, compound of formula I and at least one fungicide from groups A) to K), as described above, is more efficient than combating those fungi with DM PSA only, with individual compounds of formula I, or with individual fungi- cides from groups A) to K).

By applying DM PSA and compounds I together with at least one active substance from groups A) to N) a synergistic plant health effect can be obtained, i.e. more than simple addition of the individual effects is obtained (synergistic compositions).

This can be obtained by applying DM PSA, the compounds of formula I and at least one fur- ther active substance simultaneously, either jointly (e. g. as tank-mix) or separately, or in succession, wherein the time interval between the individual applications is selected to ensure that the active substance applied first still occurs at the site of action in a sufficient amount at the time of application of the further active substance(s). The order of application is not essential for working of the present invention.

When applying compound of formula I and a pesticide I sequentially, the time between both applications may vary e. g. between 2 hours to 7 days. Also a broader range is possible ranging from 0.25 hour to 30 days, preferably from 0.5 hour to 14 days, particularly from 1 hour to 7 days or from 1.5 hours to 5 days, even more preferred from 2 hours to 1 day. In case of a mixture comprising a pesticide II selected from group L), it is preferred that the pesticide I is applied as last treatment.

In the binary compositions according to the invention the weight ratio of the component 1 ), which is the mixture (Q), and the component 2) generally depends from the properties of the active components used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1, even more preferably in the range of from 1:4 to 4:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:2 to 2:1.

According to further embodiments of the binary compositions, the weight ratio of the component 1), which is the mixture (Q), and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1000:1 to 1:1, often in the range of from 100: 1 to 1:1, regularly in the range of from 50:1 to 1:1, preferably in the range of from 20:1 to 1:1, more preferably in the range of from 10:1 to 1:1, even more preferably in the range of from 4:1 to 1:1 and in particular in the range of from 2:1 to 1:1.

According to further embodiments of the binary compositions, the weight ratio of the component 1), which is the mixture (Q), and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1:1 to 1:1000, often in the range of from 1:1 to 1:100, regularly in the range of from 1:1 to 1:50, preferably in the range of from 1:1 to 1:20, more preferably in the range of from 1:1 to 1:10, even more preferably in the range of from 1:1 to 1:4 and in particular in the range of from 1:1 to 1:2.

According to further embodiments of the mixtures and compositions, the weight ratio of the component 1), which is the mixture (Q), and the component 2) generally depends from the prop- erties of the active components used, usually it is in the range of from 1:10,000 to 10,000:1, regularly in the range of from 1:100 to 10,000:1, preferably in the range of from 1:100 to 5,000:1, more preferably in the range of from 1:1 to 1,000:1, even more preferably in the range of from 1:1 to 500:1 and in particular in the range of from 10:1 to 300:1.

According to further embodiments of the mixtures and compositions, the weight ratio of the component 1), which is the mixture (Q), and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 20,000:1 to 1:10, often in the range of from 10,000:1 to 1:1, regularly in the range of from 5,000:1 to 5:1, preferably in the range of from 5,000:1 to 10:1, more preferably in the range of from 2,000:1 to 30:1, even more preferably in the range of from 2,000:1 to 100:1 and in particular in the range of from 1,000:1 to 100:1.

According to further embodiments of the mixtures and compositions, the weight ratio of the component 1), which is the mixture (Q), and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1:20,000 to 10:1, often in the range of from 1:10,000 to 1:1, regularly in the range of from 1:5,000 to 1:5, preferably in the range of from 1:5,000 to 1:10, more preferably in the range of from 1 :2,000 to 1 :30, even more preferably in the range of from 1 :2,000 to 1 :100 and in particu- lar in the range of from 1 : 1 ,000 to 1 : 100.

In the ternary mixtures, i.e. compositions according to the invention comprising the component 1) and component 2) and a further compound (component 3), the weight ratio of component 1) and component 2) depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:4 to 4:1, and the weight ratio of component 1) and component 3) usually it is in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:4 to 4:1.

Any further active components are, if desired, added in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1 :20 to the component 1).

These ratios are also suitable for inventive mixtures applied by seed treatment.

The active substances referred to as component 2, their preparation and their activity e. g. against harmful fungi is known (cf.: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); these substances are commercially available. The compounds described by lUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their pesticidal activity are also known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141 317; EP-A 152 031 ; EP-A 226 917; EP-A 243 970; EP-A 256 503; EP-A 428 941 ; EP- A 532 022; EP-A 1 028 125; EP-A 1 035 122; EP-A 1 201 648; EP-A 1 122 244,

JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412; DE 102005009458; US 3,296,272;

US 3,325,503; WO 98/46608; WO 99/14187; WO 99/24413; WO 99/27783; WO 00/29404; WO 00/46148; WO 00/65913; WO 01/54501 ; WO 01/56358; WO 02/22583; WO 02/40431 ; WO 03/10149; WO 03/1 1853; WO 03/14103; WO 03/16286; WO 03/53145; WO 03/61388; WO 03/66609; WO 03/74491 ; WO 04/49804; WO 04/83193; WO 05/120234; WO 05/123689; WO 05/123690; WO 05/63721 ; WO 05/87772; WO 05/87773; WO 06/15866; WO 06/87325; WO 06/87343; WO 07/82098; WO 07/90624, WO 1 1/028657, WO2012/168188, WO

2007/006670, WO 201 1/77514; WO13/047749, WO 10/069882, WO 13/047441 , WO 03/16303, WO 09/90181 , WO 13/007767, WO 13/010862, WO 13/127704, WO 13/024009,

WO 13/024010 and WO 13/047441 , WO 13/162072, WO 13/092224, WO 1 1/135833).

The commercially available compounds of the group M listed above may be found in The Pesticide Manual, 16th Edition, C. MacBean, British Crop Protection Council (2013) among other publications. The online Pesticide Manual is updated regularly and is accessible through http://bcpcdata.com/pesticide-manual.html. Another online data base for pesticides providing the ISO common names is http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides. The M.4 neonicotinoid cyclox- aprid is known from WO2010/069266 and WO201 1/069456, the neonicotinoid M.4A.2, sometimes also to be named as guadipyr, is known from WO2013/003977, and the neonicotinoid M .4A.3 (approved as paichongding in China) is known from WO2007/101369. The metaflumi- zone analogue M.22B.1 is described in CN 10171577 and the analogue M.22B.2 in

CN 102126994. The phthalamides M.28.1 and M.28.2 are both known from WO2007/101540. The anthranilamide M.28.3 is described in WO2005/077934. The hydrazide compound M.28.4 is described in WO2007/043677. The anthranilamides M.28.5a) to M.28.5d) and M.28.5h) are described in WO 2007/006670, WO2013/024009 and WO2013/024010, the anthranilamide Μ .28.5Ϊ) is described in WO201 1/085575, M .28.5j) in WO2008/134969, M.28.5k) in

US201 1/046186 and M.28.5I) in WO2012/034403. The diamide compounds M.28.6 and M.28.7 can be found in CN 102613183. The spiroketal-substituted cyclic ketoenol derivative M.29.3 is known from WO2006/089633 and the biphenyl-substituted spirocyclic ketoenol derivative M .29.4 from WO2008/06791 1. The triazoylphenylsulfide M.29.5 is described in

WO2006/043635, and biological control agents on the basis of bacillus firmus are described in WO2009/124707. The compounds M.29.6a) to Μ.29.6Ϊ) listed under M.29.6 are described in WO2012/029672, and M.29.6j) and M .29.6k) in WO2013/129688. The nematicide M.29.8 is known from WO2013/055584. The isoxazoline M.29.9.a) is described in WO2013/050317. The isoxazoline M .29.9.b) is described in WO2014/126208. The pyridalyl-type analogue M.29.10 is known from WO2010/060379. The carboxamides broflanilide and M.29.1 1.b) to M.29.1 1 .h) are described in WO2010/018714, and the carboxamides M.29.1 1 i) to M.29.1 1 .p) in

WO2010/127926. The pyridylthiazoles M .29.12.a) to M.29.12.C) are known from

WO2010/006713, M.29.12.d) and M.29.12.e) are known from WO2012/000896, and M.29.12.f) to M.29.12.ITI) from WO2010/129497. The compounds M.29.14a) and M .29.14b) are known from WO2007/101369. The pyrazoles M.29.16.a) to M .29.16h) are described in

WO2010/034737, WO2012/084670, and WO2012/143317, respectively, and the pyrazoles

Μ .29.16Ϊ) and M.29.16j) are described in US 61/891437. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to an agrochemical composition comprising at least one fertilizer; and at least a mixture (Q) comprising DM PSA and a compound of formula I as defined herein above.

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to an agrochemical composition comprising at least one fertilizer and a composition as mentioned above.

In the terms of the present invention "agrochemical composition" means a combination of at least two compounds. The term is, however, not restricted to a physical mixture comprising at least two compounds, but refers to any preparation form of at least one compound and at least one further compound, the use of which many be time- and/or locus-related.

The agrochemical compositions may, for example, be formulated separately but applied in a temporal relationship, i.e. simultaneously or subsequently, the subsequent application having a time interval which allows a combined action of the compounds.

Furthermore, the individual compounds of the agrochemical compositions according to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of the binary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a suitable mixing device. In specific embodiments further auxiliaries may be added, if appropri- ate.

The term "fertilizers" is to be understood as chemical compounds applied to promote plant and fruit growth as well as quality of the harvested plant organs. Fertilizers are typically applied either through the soil (for uptake by plant roots), through soil substituents (also for uptake by plant roots), or by foliar feeding (for uptake through leaves). The term also includes mixtures of one or more different types of fertilizers as mentioned below.

The term "fertilizers" can be subdivided into several categories including: a) organic fertilizers (composed of decayed plant/animal matter), b) inorganic fertilizers (composed of chemicals and minerals) and c) urea-containing fertilizers.

Organic fertilizers include manure, e.g. liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, biogas manure, sta- ble manure or straw manure, slurry, worm castings, peat, seaweed, compost, sewage, and guano. Green manure crops are also regularly grown to add nutrients (especially nitrogen) to the soil. Manufactured organic fertilizers include compost, blood meal, bone meal and seaweed extracts. Further examples are enzyme digested proteins, fish meal, and feather meal. The decomposing crop residue from prior years is another source of fertility. In addition, naturally oc- curring minerals such as mine rock phosphate, sulfate of potash and limestone are also considered inorganic fertilizers.

Inorganic fertilizers are usually manufactured through chemical processes (such as the Haber process), also using naturally occurring deposits, while chemically altering them (e.g. concentrated triple superphosphate). Naturally occurring inorganic fertilizers include Chilean sodium nitrate, mine rock phosphate, limestone, and raw potash fertilizers.

The inorganic fertilizer may, in a specific embodiment, be a NPK fertilizer. "NPK fertilizers" are inorganic fertilizers formulated in appropriate concentrations and combinations comprising the three main nutrients nitrogen (N), and/or phosphorus (P), and/or potassium (K) as well as typically S, Mg, Ca, and trace elements. Urea-containing fertilizer may, in specific embodiments, be urea, formaldehyde urea, anhydrous ammonium, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution, urea sulfur, urea based NPK-fertiliz- ers, or urea ammonium sulfate. Also envisaged is the use of urea as fertilizer. In case urea-containing fertilizers or urea are used or provided, it is particularly preferred that urease inhibitors as defined herein above may be added or additionally be present, or be used at the same time or in connection with the urea-containing fertilizers.

Fertilizers may be provided in any suitable form, e.g. as solid coated or uncoated granules, in liquid or semi-liquid form, as sprayable fertilizer, or via fertigation etc.

Coated fertilizers may be provided with a wide range of materials. Coatings may, for example, be applied to granular or prilled nitrogen (N) fertilizer or to multi-nutrient fertilizers. Typically, urea is used as base material for most coated fertilizers. Alternatively, ammonium or NPK fertilizers are used as base material for coated fertilizers. The present invention, however, also envisages the use of other base materials for coated fertilizers, any one of the fertilizer materials defined herein. In certain embodiments, elemental sulfur may be used as fertilizer coating. The coating may be performed by spraying molten S over urea granules, followed by an application of sealant wax to close fissures in the coating. In a further embodiment, the S layer may be covered with a layer of organic polymers, preferably a thin layer of organic polymers.

Further envisaged coated fertilizers may be provided by reacting resin-based polymers on the surface of the fertilizer granule. A further example of providing coated fertilizers includes the use of low permeability polyethylene polymers in combination with high permeability coatings.

In specific embodiments the composition and/or thickness of the fertilizer coating may be adjusted to control, for example, the nutrient release rate for specific applications. The duration of nutrient release from specific fertilizers may vary, e.g. from several weeks to many months. The presence of mixture (Q) used as nitrification inhibitor in a composition or mixture with coated fer- tilizers may accordingly be adapted. It is, in particular, envisaged that the nutrient release involves or is accompanied by the release of a mixture (Q) used as nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention.

Coated fertilizers may be provided as controlled release fertilizers (CRFs). In specific embodiments these controlled release fertilizers are fully coated urea or N-P-K fertilizers, which are ho- mogeneous and which typically show a pre-defined longevity of release. In further embodiments, the CRFs may be provided as blended controlled release fertilizer products which may contain coated, uncoated and/or slow release components. In certain embodiments, these coated fertilizers may additionally comprise micronutrients. In specific embodiments these fertilizers may show a pre-defined longevity, e.g. in case of N-P-K fertilizers.

Additionally envisaged examples of CRFs include patterned release fertilizers. These fertilizers typically show a pre-defined release patterns (e.g. hi/standard/lo) and a pre-defined longevity. In exemplary embodiments fully coated N-P-K, Mg and micronutrients may be delivered in a patterned release manner.

Also envisaged are double coating approaches or coated fertilizers based on a programmed release.

In further embodiments the fertilizer mixture may be provided as, or may comprise or contain a slow release fertilizer. The fertilizer may, for example, be released over any suitable period of time, e.g. over a period of 1 to 5 months, preferably up to 3 months. Typical examples of ingredients of slow release fertilizers are IBDU (isobutylidenediurea), e.g. containing about 31-32 % nitrogen, of which 90% is water insoluble; or UF, i.e. an urea-formaldehyde product which contains about 38 % nitrogen of which about 70 % may be provided as water insoluble nitrogen; or CDU (crotonylidene diurea) containing about 32 % nitrogen; or MU (methylene urea) containing about 38 to 40% nitrogen, of which 25-60 % is typically cold water insoluble nitrogen; or MDU (methylene diurea) containing about 40% nitrogen, of which less than 25 % is cold water insoluble nitrogen; or MO (methylol urea) containing about 30% nitrogen, which may typically be used in solutions; or DMTU (diimethylene triurea) containing about 40% nitrogen, of which less than 25% is cold water insoluble nitrogen; or TMTU (tri methylene tetraurea), which may be provided as component of UF products; or TMPU (tri methylene pentaurea), which may also be provided as component of UF products; or UT (urea triazone solution) which typically contains about 28 % nitrogen. The fertilizer mixture may also be long-term nitrogen-bearing fertilizer containing a mixture of acetylene diurea and at least one other organic nitrogen-bearing fertilizer selected from methylene urea, isobutylidene diurea, crotonylidene diurea, substituted triazones, triuret or mixtures thereof.

Any of the above mentioned fertilizers or fertilizer forms may suitably be combined. For instance, slow release fertilizers may be provided as coated fertilizers. They may also be combined with other fertilizers or fertilizer types. The same applies to the presence of a mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DMPSA and compound of formula I) according to the present invention, which may be adapted to the form and chemical nature of the fertilizer and accord- ingly be provided such that its release accompanies the release of the fertilizer, e.g. is released at the same time or with the same frequency. The present invention further envisages fertilizer or fertilizer forms as defined herein above in combination with a mixture (Q) or one of its components as defined herein above and further in combination with urease inhibitors as defined herein above. Such combinations may be provided as coated or uncoated forms and/or as slow or fast release forms. Preferred are combinations with slow release fertilizers including a coating. In further embodiments, also different release schemes are envisaged, e.g. a slower or a faster release.

The term "fertigation" as used herein refers to the application of fertilizers, optionally soil amendments, and optionally other water-soluble products together with water through an irriga- tion system to a plant or to the locus where a plant is growing or is intended to grow, or to a soil substituent as defined herein below. For example, liquid fertilizers or dissolved fertilizers may be provided via fertigation directly to a plant or a locus where a plant is growing or is intended to grow. Likewise, a mixture (Q) used as nitrification inhibitors according to the present invention, or in combination with additional nitrification inhibitors, may be provided via fertigation to plants or to a locus where a plant is growing or is intended to grow. Fertilizers and a mixture (Q) used as nitrification inhibitors according to the present invention, or in combination with additional nitrification inhibitors, may be provided together, e.g. dissolved in the same charge or load of material (typically water) to be irrigated. In further embodiments, fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors may be provided at different points in time. For example, the fertilizer may be fertigated first, fol- lowed by the nitrification inhibitor, or preferably, the nitrification inhibitor may be fertigated first, followed by the fertilizer. The time intervals for these activities follow the herein above outlined time intervals for the application of fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors. Also envisaged is a re- peated fertigation of fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors according to the present invention, either together or intermittently, e.g. every 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days or more.

In particularly preferred embodiments, the fertilizer is an ammonium-containing fertilizer.

The agrochemical composition according to the present invention may comprise:

a) one fertilizer as defined herein above,

b) DMPSA, and

c) a compound of formula I as defined herein above.

In further embodiments, the agrochemical composition according to the present invention may comprise at least one or more than one fertilizer as defined herein above, e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more different fertilizers (including inorganic, organic and urea-containing fertilizers), DM PSA and at least one compound of formula I as defined herein above, preferably a compound of formula I selected from Table 1.

In another group of embodiments, the agrochemical composition according to the present in- vention may comprise DMPSA, and at least one or more than one compounds of formula I as defined herein above, preferably more than one compounds of formula I selected from Table 1 , e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more different compounds of formula I as defined herein above or as provided in Table 1 , and at least one fertilizer as defined herein above.

The term "at least one" is to be understood as 1 , 2, 3 or more of the respective compound se- lected from the group consisting of fertilizers as defined herein above (also designated as compound A), and nitrification inhibitors of formula I as defined herein above (also designated as compound B).

In addition to at least one fertilizer and at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, an agrochemical composition may comprise further ingredients, compounds, active compounds or compositions or the like. For example, the agrochemical composition may additionally comprise or composed with or on the basis of a carrier, e.g. an agrochemical carrier, preferably as defined herein. In further embodiments, the agrochemical composition may further comprise at least one pesticidal compound. For example, the agrochemical composition may addi- tionally comprise at least one herbicidal compound and/or at least one fungicidal compound and/or at least one insecticidal compound.

In further embodiments, the agrochemical composition may, in addition to the above indicated ingredients, in particular in addition to DMPSA and the compound of formula I and the fertilizer, further comprise alternative or additional nitrification inhibitors such as linoleic acid, alpha-lino- lenic acid, methyl p-coumarate, methyl ferulate, MHPP, Karanjin, brachialacton, p-benzoqui- none sorgoleone, nitrapyrin, dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 4- amino-1 ,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC), 1-amido-2-thiourea (ASU), 2-amino-4-chloro-6- methylpyrimidine (AM), 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1 ,2,4-thiodiazole (terrazole), ammoniumthio- sulfate (ATU), 3-methylpyrazol (3-MP), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP), 1 ,2,4-triazol and thiourea (TU) and/or sulfathiazole (ST), N-(1 H-pyrazolyl-methyl)acetamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H- pyrazole-1-yl)methyl)acetamide, and/or N-(1 H-pyrazolyl-methyl)formamides such as N-((3(5)- methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1-yl)methyl formamide, N-(4-chloro-3(5)-methyl-pyrazole-1-ylmethyl)-forma- mide, or N-(3(5),4-dimethyl-pyrazole-1-ylmethyl)-formamide. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification, comprising treating a plant growing on soil and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a mixture (Q) comprising DM PSA and at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, i.e. with a nitrification inhibitor being a compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof, or a composition comprising said mixture (Q).

The term "plant" is to be understood as a plant of economic importance and/or men-grown plant. In certain embodiments, the term may also be understood as plants which have no or no significant economic importance. The plant is preferably selected from agricultural, silvicultural and horticultural (including ornamental) plants. The term also relates to genetically modified plants.

The term "plant" as used herein further includes all parts of a plant such as germinating seeds, emerging seedlings, plant propagules, herbaceous vegetation as well as established woody plants including all belowground portions (such as the roots) and aboveground portions.

Within the context of the method for reducing nitrification it is assumed that the plant is growing on soil. In specific embodiments, the plant may also grow differently, e.g. in synthetic laboratory environments or on soil substituents, or be supplemented with nutrients, water etc. by artificial or technical means. In such scenarios, the invention envisages a treatment of the zone or area where the nutrients, water etc. are provided to the plant. Also envisaged is that the plant grows in green houses or similar indoor facilities.

The term "locus" is to be understood as any type of environment, soil, soil substituent, area or material where the plant is growing or intended to grow. Preferably, the term relates to soil or soil substituent on which a plant is growing.

In one embodiment, the plant to be treated according to the method of the invention is an agri- cultural plant. "Agricultural plants" are plants of which a part (e.g. seeds) or all is harvested or cultivated on a commercial scale or which serve as an important source of feed, food, fibers (e.g. cotton, linen), combustibles (e.g. wood, bioethanol, biodiesel, biomass) or other chemical compounds. Preferred agricultural plants are for example cereals, e.g. wheat, rye, barley, triti- cale, oats, corn, sorghum or rice, beet, e.g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e.g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries; leguminous plants, such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, oil-seed rape, canola, linseed, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa beans, castor oil plants, oil palms, ground nuts or soybeans; cucurbits, such as squashes, cucumber or melons; fiber plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetables, preferably selected from the group consisting of spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceous plants, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, such as corn, soybean, rape, canola, sugar cane or oil palm; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; natural rubber plants.

In a further embodiment, the plant to be treated according to the method of the invention is a horticultural plant. The term "horticultural plants" are to be understood as plants which are commonly used in horticulture, e.g. the cultivation of ornamentals, vegetables and/or fruits. Examples for ornamentals are turf, geranium, pelargonia, petunia, begonia and fuchsia. Examples for vegetables are potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, cucurbits, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, garlic, onions, carrots, cabbage, beans, peas and lettuce and more preferably from tomatoes, onions, peas and lettuce. Examples for fruits are apples, pears, cherries, strawberry, citrus, peaches, apricots and blueberries.

In a further embodiment, the plant to be treated according to the method of the invention is an ornamental plant. Ornamental plants" are plants which are commonly used in gardening, e.g. in parks, gardens and on balconies. Examples are turf, geranium, pelargonia, petunia, begonia and fuchsia.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the plant to be treated according to the method of the invention is a silvicultural plant. The term "silvicultural plant" is to be understood as trees, more specifically trees used in reforestation or industrial plantations. Industrial plantations generally serve for the commercial production of forest products, such as wood, pulp, paper, rubber tree, Christmas trees, or young trees for gardening purposes. Examples for silvicultural plants are conifers, like pines, in particular Pinus spec, fir and spruce, eucalyptus, tropical trees like teak, rubber tree, oil palm, willow (Salix), in particular Salix spec, poplar (cottonwood), in particular Populus spec, beech, in particular Fagus spec, birch, oil palm, and oak.

The term "plant propagation material" is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e.g. potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, grains, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, cuttings, spores, offshoots, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil, meristem tissues, single and multiple plant cells and any other plant tissue from which a complete plant can be obtained.

The term "genetically modified plants" is to be understood as plants, which genetic material has been modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques in a way that under natural circumstances it cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant. Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-translational modification of protein(s), ol- igo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.

Plants that have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering, e. g. have been rendered tolerant to applications of specific classes of herbicides, such as auxin herbicides such as dicamba or 2,4-D; bleacher herbicides such as hydroxylphenylpyruvate dioxygen- ase (HPPD) inhibitors or phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors; acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors such as sulfonyl ureas or imidazolinones; enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitors, such as glyphosate; glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors such as glufosinate; protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors; lipid biosynthesis inhibitors such as acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors; or oxynil (i. e. bromoxynil or ioxynil) herbicides as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering. Furthermore, plants have been made resistant to multiple classes of herbicides through multiple genetic modifications, such as resistance to both glyphosate and glufosinate or to both glyphosate and a herbicide from another class such as ALS inhibitors, HPPD inhibitors, auxin herbicides, or ACCase inhibitors. These herbicide resistance technologies are e. g. described in Pest Managem. Sci. 61 , 2005, 246; 61 , 2005, 258; 61 , 2005, 277; 61 , 2005, 269; 61 , 2005, 286; 64, 2008, 326; 64, 2008, 332; Weed Sci. 57, 2009, 108; Austral. J. Agricult. Res. 58, 2007, 708; Science 316, 2007, 1 185; and references quoted therein. Several cultivated plants have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by conventional methods of breeding (mutagenesis), e. g. Clearfield^® summer rape (Canola, BASF SE, Germany) being tolerant to imidazolinones, e. g. imazamox, or ExpressSun^® sunflowers (DuPont, USA) being tolerant to sulfonyl ureas, e. g. tribenuron. Genetic engineering methods have been used to render cultivated plants such as soybean, cotton, corn, beets and rape, tolerant to herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate, some of which are commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady^® (glyphosate-tolerant, Monsanto, U.S.A.), Cul- tivance^® (imidazolinone tolerant, BASF SE, Germany) and LibertyLink^® (glufosinate-tolerant, Bayer CropScience, Germany).

Furthermore, plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as δ-endotoxins, e. g. CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e. g. VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, e. g. Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdyster- oid-IDP-glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase; ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels; juvenile hormone ester- ase; diuretic hormone receptors (helicokinin receptors); stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases or glucanases. In the context of the present invention these insecticidal proteins or toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins, hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins. Hybrid proteins are characterized by a new combination of protein domains, (see, e. g. WO 02/015701 ). Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capa- ble of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, e. g., in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/007278,

WO 95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/18810 und WO 03/52073.

The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e. g. in the publications mentioned above. These insecticidal proteins contained in the genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing these pro- teins tolerance to harmful pests from all taxonomic groups of arthropods, especially to beetles (Coeloptera), two-winged insects (Diptera), and moths (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nema- toda). Genetically modified plants capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins are, e. g., described in the publications mentioned above, and some of which are commercially available such as YieldGard^® (corn cultivars producing the CrylAb toxin), YieldGard^® Plus (corn culti- vars producing CrylAb and Cry3Bb1 toxins), Starlink^® (corn cultivars producing the Cry9c toxin), Herculex^® RW (corn cultivars producing Cry34Ab1 , Cry35Ab1 and the enzyme phos- phinothricin-N-acetyltransferase [PAT]); NuCOTN^® 33B (cotton cultivars producing the Cry1 Ac toxin), Bollgard^® I (cotton cultivars producing the Cryl Ac toxin), Bollgard^® II (cotton cultivars pro- ducing Cry1 Ac and Cry2Ab2 toxins); VIPCOT^® (cotton cultivars producing a VIP-toxin); New- Leaf^® (potato cultivars producing the Cry3A toxin); Bt-Xtra^®, NatureGard^®, KnockOut^®,

BiteGard^®, Protecta^®, Bt1 1 (e. g. Agrisure^® CB) and Bt176 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France, (corn cultivars producing the Cryl Ab toxin and PAT enyzme), MIR604 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France (corn cultivars producing a modified version of the Cry3A toxin, c.f.

WO 03/018810), MON 863 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cry3Bb1 toxin), IPC 531 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (cotton cultivars producing a modified version of the Cryl Ac toxin) and 1507 from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cry1 F toxin and PAT enzyme).

Furthermore, plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the resistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens. Examples of such proteins are the so-called "pathogene- sis-related proteins" (PR proteins, see, e. g. EP-A 392 225), plant disease resistance genes (e. g. potato cultivars, which express resistance genes acting against Phytophthora infestans de- rived from the Mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum) or T4-lysozym (e. g. potato cultivars capable of synthesizing these proteins with increased resistance against bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora). The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e. g. in the publications mentioned above.

Furthermore, plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the productivity (e. g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), tolerance to drought, salinity or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants.

Furthermore, plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve human or animal nutrition, e. g. oil crops that produce health-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids (e. g. Nexera^® rape, DOW Agro Sciences, Canada).

Furthermore, plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve raw material production, e. g. potatoes that produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e. g. Amflora^® potato, BASF SE, Germany).

The term "soil substituent" as used herein refers to a substrate which is able to allow the growth of a plant and does not comprise usual soil ingredients. This substrate is typically an anorganic substrate which may have the function of an inert medium. It may, in certain embodiments, also comprise organic elements or portions. Soil substituents may, for example, be used in hydroculture or hydroponic approaches, i.e. wherein plants are grown in soilless medium and/or aquatic based environments. Examples of suitable soil substituents, which may be used in the context of the present invention, are perlite, gravel, biochar, mineral wool, coconut husk, phyllosilicates, i.e. sheet silicate minerals, typically formed by parallel sheets of silicate tetrahe- dra with S12O5 or a 2:5 ratio, or clay aggregates, in particular expanded clay aggregates with a diameter of about 10 to 40 mm. Particularly preferred is the employment of vermiculite, i.e. a phyllosilicate with 2 tetrahedral sheets for every one octahedral sheet present. The use of soil substituents may, in specific embodiments, be combined with fertigation or irrigation as defined herein.

In specific embodiments, the treatment may be carried out during all suitable growth stages of a plant as defined herein. For example, the treatment may be carried out during the BBCH principle growth stages.

The term "BBCH principal growth stage" refers to the extended BBCH-scale which is a system for a uniform coding of phenologically similar growth stages of all mono- and dicotyledonous plant species in which the entire developmental cycle of the plants is subdivided into clearly rec- ognizable and distinguishable longer-lasting developmental phases. The BBCH-scale uses a decimal code system, which is divided into principal and secondary growth stages. The abbreviation BBCH derives from the Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (Germany), the Bundessortenamt (Germany) and the chemical industry.

In one embodiment the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treat- ing a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a mixture (Q), i.e. a mixture comprising DM PSA and at least one compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof, at a growth stage (GS) between GS 00 and GS > BBCH 99 of the pant (e.g. when fertilizing in fall after harvesting apples) and preferably between GS 00 and GS 65 BBCH of the plant.

In one embodiment the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a mixture (Q), i.e. a mixture comprising DM PSA and at least one compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof at a growth stage (GS) between GS 00 to GS 45, preferably between GS 00 and GS 40 BBCH of the plant.

In a preferred embodiment the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a mixture (Q), i.e. a mixture comprising DM PSA and at least one compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof at an early growth stage (GS), in particular a GS 00 to GS 05, or GS 00 to GS 10, or GS 00 to GS 15, or GS 00 to GS 20, or GS 00 to GS 25 or GS 00 to GS 33 BBCH of the plant. In particularly preferred embodiments, the method for reducing nitrification comprises treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a mixture (Q) as defined herein above during growth stages including GS 00.

In a further, specific embodiment of the invention, a mixture (Q), i.e. a mixture comprising DM PSA and at least one compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof is applied to a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow at a growth stage between GS 00 and GS 55 BBCH, or of the plant.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a mixture (Q), i.e. a mixture comprising DMPSA and at least one compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof is applied to a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow at the growth stage between GS 00 and GS 47 BBCH of the plant.

In one embodiment of the invention, a mixture (Q), i.e. a mixture comprising DMPSA and at least one compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof is applied to a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow before and at sowing, before emergence, and until harvest (GS 00 to GS 89 BBCH), or at a growth stage (GS) between GS 00 and GS 65 BBCH of the plant.

In a preferred embodiment the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification compris- ing treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing a mixture (Q), i.e. a mixture comprising DM PSA and at least one compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof wherein the plant and/or the locus where plant is growing or is intended to grow is additionally provided with at least one fertilizer. The fertilizer may be any suitable fertilizer, preferably a fertilizer as defined herein above. Also envisaged is the application of more than one fertilizer, e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 fertilizers, or of different fertilizer classes or categories.

In specific embodiments of the invention, a mixture (Q), i.e. a mixture comprising DMPSA and at least one compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof and at least one fertilizer is applied to a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is in- tended to grow at a growth stage between GS 00 and GS 33 BBCH of the plant.

In specific embodiments of the invention, a mixture (Q), i.e. a mixture comprising DMPSA and at least one compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof and at least one fertilizer is applied to a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow at a growth stage between GS 00 and GS 55 BBCH of the plant.

In further specific embodiments of the invention, a mixture (Q), i.e. a mixture comprising

DM PSA and at least one compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof and at least one fertilizer is applied to a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow at sowing, before emergence, or at a growth stage (GS) between GS 00 and GS > BBCH 99 of the pant (e.g. when fertilizing in fall after harvesting apples) and preferably between GS 00 and 65 BBCH of the plant.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application of DMPSA, of a compound of formula I and of said fertilizer as defined herein above is carried out simultaneously or with a time lag. According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application of the mixture (Q) and of said fertilizer as defined herein above is carried out simultaneously or with a time lag. The term "time lag" as used herein means that either the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DMPSA and compound of formula I) is applied before the fertilizer to the plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow; or the fertilizer is applied before the mixture (Q) or one of its components to the plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow. Such time lag may be any suitable period of time which still allows to provide a nitrification inhibiting effect in the context of fertilizer usage. For example, the time lag may be a time period of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 1 1 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 3 weeks 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 1 1 weeks, 12 weeks, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months or more or any time period in between the mentioned time periods. Preferably, the time lag is an interval of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks. The time lag preferably refers to situations in which the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DMPSA and compound of formula I) as defined above is provided 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 1 1 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 3 weeks 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks , 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 1 1 weeks,

12 weeks, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months or more or any time period in between the mentioned time periods before the application of a fertilizer as defined herein above.

In another specific embodiment of the invention, a mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I) is applied between GS 00 to GS 33 BBCH of the plant, or between GS 00 and GS 65 BBCH of the plant, provided that the application of at least one fertilizer as defined herein above is carried out with a time lag of at least 1 day, e.g. a time lag of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 1 1 days, 12 days,

13 days, 14 days, 3 weeks 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks , 9 weeks, 10 weeks, or more or any time period in between the mentioned time periods. It is preferred that the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I), which is applied between GS 00 to GS 33 BBCH of the plant, is provided 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 1 1 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 3 weeks 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 1 1 weeks, or 12 weeks before the application of a fertilizer as defined herein above.

In another specific embodiment of the invention, at least one fertilizer as defined herein above is applied between GS 00 to GS 33 BBCH of the plant or between GS 00 and GS 65 BBCH of the plant, provided that the application of the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being

DM PSA and compound of formula I), or a derivative thereof, is carried out with a time lag of at least 1 day, e.g. a time lag of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 1 1 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 3 weeks 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks , 9 weeks, 10 weeks or more or any time period in between the mentioned time periods.

According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow is treated at least once with the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I). In a further specific embodiment of the present invention a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow is treated at least once with the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I), and at least once with a fertilizer as defined herein above. The term "at least once" means that the application may be performed one time, or several times, i.e. that a repetition of the treatment with a nitrification inhibitor and/or a fertilizer may be envisaged. Such a repetition may a 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times, 10 times or more frequent repetition of the treatment with a nitrification inhibitor and/or a fertilizer. The repetition of treatment with a nitrification inhibitor and a fertilizer may further be different. For example, while the fertilizer may be applied only once, the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I) may be applied 2 times, 3 times, 4 times etc. Alternatively, while the nitrification inhibitor may be applied only once, the fertilizer may be applied 2 times, 3 times, 4 times etc. Further envisaged are all combination of numerical different numbers of repetitions for the application of the mixture (Q) or one of its components and a fertilizer as defined herein above.

Such a repeated treatment may further be combined with a time lag between the treatment of the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I) and the fertilizer as described above.

The time interval between a first application and second or subsequent application of the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I) and/or a fertilizer may be any suitable interval. This interval may range from a few seconds up to 3 months, e.g. from a few seconds up to 1 month, or from a few seconds up to 2 weeks. In further embodi- ments, the time interval may range from a few seconds up to 3 days or from 1 second up to 24 hours.

In further specific embodiments, a method for reducing nitrification as described above is carried out by treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with at least one agrochemical composition as defined herein above, or with a composition for reducing nitrification as defined herein above.

In another embodiment of the invention, an agrochemical composition comprising an ammonium- or urea-containing fertilizer and a mixture (Q) as defined herein above is applied before and at sowing, before emergence, and until GS > BBCH 99 of the pant (e.g. when fertilizing in fall after harvesting apples). In case the agrochemical composition is provided as kit of parts or as non-physical mixture, it may be applied with a time lag between the application of the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I) and the fertilizer or between the application of the mixture (Q) or one of its components and a secondary or further ingredient, e.g. a pesticidal compound as mentioned herein above.

In a further embodiment, plant propagules are preferably treated simultaneously (together or separately) or subsequently.

The term "propagules" or "plant propagules" is to be understood to denote any structure with the capacity to give rise to a new plant, e.g. a seed, a spore, or a part of the vegetative body ca- pable of independent growth if detached from the parent. In a preferred embodiment, the term "propagules" or "plant propagules" denotes for seed.

For a method as described above, or for a use according to the invention, in particular for seed treatment and in furrow application, the application rates of the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I) are between 0,01 g and 5 kg of active ingredi- ent per hectare, preferably between 1 g and 1 kg of active ingredient per hectare, especially preferred between 50 g and 300 g of active ingredient per hectare depending on different parameters such as the specific active ingredient applied and the plant species treated. In the treatment of seed, amounts of from 0.001 g to 20 g per kg of seed, preferably from 0.01 g to 10 g per kg of seed, more preferably from 0.05 to 2 g per kg of seed of mixture (Q) may be gener- ally required.

As a matter of course, if the mixture (Q) and fertilizers (or other ingredients), or if mixtures thereof are employed, the compounds may be used in an effective and non-phytotoxic amount. This means that they are used in a quantity which allows to obtain the desired effect but which does not give rise to any phytotoxic symptoms on the treated plant or on the plant raised from the treated propagule or treated soil or soil substituents. For the use according to the invention, the application rates of fertilizers may be selected such that the amount of applied N is between 10 kg and 1000 kg per hectare, preferably between 50 kg and 700 kg per hectare.

DM PSA or the compounds of formula I as defined herein above, or derivative thereof as defined herein above can be present in different structural or chemical modifications whose biological activity may differ. They are likewise subject matter of the present invention.

DMPSA or the compounds of formula I, their N-oxides and/or salts etc. may be converted into customary types of compositions, e.g. agrochemical or agricultural compositions such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes and granules.

The composition type depends on the particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and uniform distribution of the compound according to the invention. Examples for composition types are suspensions (SC, 00, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW, EO, ES), microemulsions (ME), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (WP, SP, SS, WS, OP, OS) or granules (GR, FG, GG, MG), which can be watersoluble or wettable, as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (GF). Usually the composition types (e.g. SC, 00, FS, EC, WG, SG, WP, SP, SS, WS, GF) are employed diluted. Composition types such as OP, OS, GR, FG, GG and MG are usually used undiluted. The compositions are prepared in a known manner (see, for example, US 3,060,084, EP 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning: "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147- 48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hili, New York, 1963, S. 8-57 und ff. WO 91/13546, US 4,172,714, US 4,144,050, US 3,920,442, US 5,180,587, US

5,232,701 , US 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558, US 3,299,566, Klingman: Weed Control as a Science (J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1961 ), Hance et al.: Weed Control Handbook (8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 1989) and Mollet, H. and Grubemann, A.: Formulation technology (Wiley VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2001 ). Compositions or mixtures may also comprise auxiliaries which are customary, for example, in agrochemical compositions. The auxiliaries used depend on the particular application form and active substance, respectively.

Examples for suitable auxiliaries are solvents, solid carriers, dispersants or emulsifiers (such as further solubilizers, protective colloids, surfactants and adhesion agents), organic and anorganic thickeners, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, if appropriate colorants and tackifiers or binders (e.g. for seed treatment formulations). Suitable solvents are water, organic solvents such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclo- hexanol, glycols, ketones such as cyclohexanone and gamma-butyrolactone, fatty acid dime- thylamides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters and strongly polar solvents, e.g. amines such as N- methylpyrrolidone.

Suitable surfactants (adjuvants, wetters, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers) are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids, such as ligninsoulfonic acid (Borresperse® types, Borregard, Norway) phenolsulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid (Mor- wet® types, Akzo Nobel, U.S.A.), dibutylnaphthalene-sulfonic acid (Nekal® types, BASF, Ger- manY),and fatty acids, alkylsulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, laurylether sulfates, fatty alcohol sulfates, and sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanolates, sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, furthermore condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxy-ethylene octylphenyl ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenyl polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, tristearylphenyl poly- glycol ether, alkylaryl polyether alcohols, alcohol and fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignin-sulfite waste liquors and proteins, denatured proteins, polysaccharides (e. g. methylcellulose), hydrophobically modified starches, polyvinyl alcohols (Mowiol® types, Clariant, Switzerland), polycarboxylates (Sokolan® types, BASF, Germany), polyalkoxylates, polyvinylamines (Lupasol® types, BASF, Germany), polyvinylpyrrolidone and the copolymers thereof. Examples of suitable thickeners (i.e. compounds that impart a modified flowability to compositions, i.e. high viscosity under static conditions and low viscosity during agitation) are polysaccharides and organic and anorganic clays such as Xanthan gum (Kelzan®, CP Kelco, U.S.A.), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhodia, France), Veegum® (R.T. Vanderbilt, U.S.A.) or Attaclay® (Engelhard Corp., NJ, USA).

In specific embodiments, bactericides may be added for preservation and stabilization of the composition. Examples for suitable bactericides are those based on dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemi formal (Proxel® from ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas) and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benziso- thiazolinones (Acticide® MBS from Thor Chemie).

Examples for suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin. Examples for anti-foaming agents are silicone emulsions (such as e.g. Silikon® SRE, Wacker, Germany or Rhodorsil®, Rhodia, France), long chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty acids, fluoroorganic compounds and mixtures thereof.

Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes, e.g. rhodamin B, C. I. pigment red 1 12, C. I. solvent red 1 , pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15: 1 , pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1 , pigment yellow 13, pigment red 1 12, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1 , pigment red 57:1 , pigment red 53:1 , pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51 , acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.

Furthermore, odorous substances may be present in the compositions as defined above. Such odorous substances comprise citronellynitril, citral, zertrahydrolinalool, tetrahydrogeraniol, gera- nonitril, beta-lonon R, rootanol, linalylacetat, morillol, and p-cresometylether.

Examples for tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidons, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols and cellulose ethers (Tylose®, Shin-Etsu, Japan).

Powders, materials for spreading and dusts can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grind- ing compound of formula I and, if appropriate, further active substances, with at least one solid carrier. Granules, e.g. coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active substances to solid carriers. Examples of such suitable solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers, such as, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers. Examples for composition types are:

i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS) 10 parts by weight of a mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DM PSA and compound of formula I) are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of water or in a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetting agents or other auxiliaries are added. The active substance dissolves upon dilution with water. In this way, a composition having a content of 10% by weight of active substance is obtained.

ii) Dispersible concentrates (DC) 20 parts by weight of a mixture (Q) or one of its components are dissolved in 70 parts by weight of cyclohexanone with addition of 10 parts by weight of a dispersant, e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone. Dilution with water gives a dispersion. The active substance content is 20% by weight.

iii) Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) 15 parts by weight of a mixture (Q) or one of its components are dissolved in 75 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The composition has an active substance content of 15% by weight,

iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES) 25 parts by weight of a mixture (Q) or one of its components are dissolved in 35 parts by weight of xylene with addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight). This mixture is introduced into 30 parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifying machine (Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. The composition has an active substance content of 25% by weight.

v) Suspensions (SC, 00, FS) In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of a a mixture (Q) or one of its components are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agents and 70 parts by weight of water or an organic solvent to give a fine active substance suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance. The active substance content in the composition is 20% by weight.

vi) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG) 50 parts by weight of a mixture (Q) or one of its components are ground finely with addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetting agents and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e.g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. The composition has an active substance content of 50% by weight.

vii) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, SS, WS) 75 parts by weight of a mixture (Q) or one of its components are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetting agents and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. The active substance content of the composi- tion is 75% by weight.

viii) Gel (GF) In an agitated ball mill, 20 parts by weight of a mixture (Q) or one of its components are comminuted with addition of 10 parts by weight of dispersants, 1 part by weight of a gelling agent wetters and 70 parts by weight of water or of an organic solvent to give a fine sus- pension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance, whereby a composition with 20% (w/w) of active substance is obtained. 2. Composition types to be applied undiluted

ix) Oustable powders (OP, OS) 5 parts by weight of a mixture (Q) or one of its components are ground finely and mixed intimately with 95 parts by weight of finely divided kaolin. This gives a dustable composition having an active substance content of 5% by weight.

x) Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG) 0.5 parts by weight of a mixture (Q) or one of its components is ground finely and associated with 99.5 parts by weight of carriers. Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules to be applied undiluted having an ac- tive substance content of 0.5-10% by weight, preferably an active substance content of 0.5-2% by weight.

xi) U LV solutions (U L) 10 parts by weight of a mixture (Q) or one of its components are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of an organic solvent, e.g. xylene. This gives a composition to be applied undiluted having an active substance content of 10% by weight.

The compositions, e.g. agrochemical or agriculatural compositons, generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, most preferably between 0.5 and 90%, by weight of active substance. The active substances are employed in a purity offrom 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).

Water-soluble concentrates (LS), flowable concentrates (FS), powders for dry treatment (OS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS), water-soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES) emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually employed for the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials, particularly seeds.

These compositions can be applied to plant propagation materials, particularly seeds, diluted or undiluted.

The compositions in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active substance concentrations of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight, in the ready-to-use preparations. Application can be carried out before or during sowing.

Methods for applying or treating agrochemical or agricultural compounds or mixtures, or com- positions as defined herein, respectively, on to plant propagation material, especially seeds, the plant and/or the locus where the plant is growing or intended to grow are known in the art, and include dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting, soaking and in-furrow application methods of the propagation material. In a preferred embodiment, the compounds or the compositions thereof, respectively, are applied on to the plant propagation material by a method such that germination is not induced, e.g. by seed dressing, pelleting, coating and dusting.

In a preferred embodiment, a suspension-type (FS) composition may be used. Typically, a FS composition may comprise 1 -800 g/l of active substance, 1 200 g/l surfactant, o to 200 g/l anti- freezing agent, 0 to 400 g/l of binder, 0 to 200 g/l of a pigment and up to 1 liter of a solvent, preferably water.

The active substances can be used as such or in the form of their compositions, e.g. in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for spreading, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading, brushing, immersing or pouring. The application forms depend entirely on the intended purposes; it is intended to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active substances according to the invention. Aqueous application forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water.

To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the substances, as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsi- fier. Alternatively, it is possible to prepare concentrates composed of active substance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.

The active substance concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges. In general, they are from 0.0001 to 90%, such as from 30 to 80%, e.g. from 35 to 45% or from 65 to 75% by weight of active substance. The active substances may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), it being possible to apply compositions comprising over 95% by weight of active substance, or even to apply the active substance with- out additives.

Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, herbicides, bactericides, other fungicides and/or pesticides may be added to the active substances or the compositions comprising them, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 : 100 to 100 : 1 , preferably 1 : 10 to 10 : 1 .

Adjuvants which can be used are in particular organic modified polysiloxanes such as Break Thru S 240®; alcohol alkoxylates such as Atplus 245®, Atplus MBA 1303®, Plurafac LF 300® and Lutensol ON 30®; EO/PO block polymers, e.g. Pluronic RPE 2035® and Genapol B®; alcohol ethoxylates such as Lutensol XP 80®; and dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium such as Leophen RA®.

In a further aspect the invention relates to a method for treating a fertilizer or a composition. This treatment includes the application of a mixture (Q) comprising DMPSA and a compound of formula I as defined herein above to a fertilizer or a composition. The treatment may accordingly result in the presence of said mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DMPSA and compound of formula I) in a preparation of fertilizers or other compositions. Such treatment may, for example, result in a homogenous distribution of said mixture (Q) or one of its components on or in fertilizer preparations. Treatment processes are known to the skilled person and may include, for instance, dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting or soaking. In a specific embodiment, the treat- ment may be a coating of the mixture (Q) or one of its components with fertilizer preparations, or a coating of fertilizers with the mixture (Q) or one of its components. The treatment may be based on the use of granulation methods as known to the skilled person, e.g. fluidized bed granulation. The treatment may, in certain embodiments, be performed with a composition comprising the mixture (Q) or one of its components (being DMPSA and compound of formula I), e.g. comprising besides the inhibitor a carrier or a pesticide or any other suitable additional compound as mentioned above. In another embodiment, the treatment can be different for DM PSA than for the compound of formula I. In yet another embodiment, the fertilizer is first treated with DMPSA and then applied together with the compound of formula I simultaneously or with a time lag. In yet another embodiment, the fertilizer is first treated with the compound of formula I and then applied together with DM PSA simultaneously or with a time lag.

In a further specific embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for treating seed or plant propagation material. The term "seed treatment" as used herein refers to or involves steps towards the control of biotic stresses on or in seed and the improvement of shooting and development of plants from seeds. For seed treatment it is evident that a plant suffering from biotic stresses such as fungal or insecticidal attack or which has difficulties obtaining sufficient suitable nitrogen-sources shows reduced germination and emergence leading to poorer plant or crop establishment and vigor, and consequently, to a reduced yield as compared to a plant propagation material which has been subjected to curative or preventive treatment against the relevant pest and which can grow without the damage caused by the biotic stress factor. Methods for treating seed or plant propagation material according to the invention thus lead, among other advantages, to an enhanced plant health, a better protection against biotic stresses and an in- creased plant yield.

Seed treatment methods for applying or treating inventive mixtures and compositions thereof, e.g. compositions or agrochemical compositions as defined herein above, and in particular combinations of mixture (Q) as defined herein above and secondary effectors such as pesticides, in particular fungicides, insecticides, and/or nematicides, to plant propagation material, especially seeds, are known in the art, and include dressing, coating, filmcoating, pelleting and soaking application methods of the propagation material. Such methods are also applicable to the combinations or compositions according to the invention.

In further embodiments, the treatment of seeds is performed with compositions comprising, besides a mixture (Q) according to the present invention, e.g. compositions as defined herein above, a fungicide and an insecticide, or a fungicide and a nematicide, or an insecticide and a nematicide, or a combination of a fungicide, insecticide and nematicide, etc.

In a preferred embodiment, the agricultural composition or combination comprising a mixture (Q) according to the present invention, e.g. as defined herein above, is applied or treated on to the plant propagation material by a method such that the germination is not negatively im- pacted. Accordingly, examples of suitable methods for applying (or treating) a plant propagation material, such as a seed, is seed dressing, seed coating or seed pelleting and alike. It is preferred that the plant propagation material is a seed, seed piece (i.e. stalk) or seed bulb.

Although it is believed that the present method can be applied to a seed in any physiological state, it is preferred that the seed be in a sufficiently durable state that it incurs no damage dur- ing the treatment process. Typically, the seed would be a seed that had been harvested from the field; removed from the plant; and separated from any cob, stalk, outer husk, and surrounding pulp or other non-seed plant material. The seed would preferably also be biologically stable to the extent that the treatment would cause no biological damage to the seed. It is believed that the treatment can be applied to the seed at any time between harvest of the seed and sowing of the seed or during the sowing process (seed directed applications). The seed may also be primed either before or after the treatment.

Even distribution of the ingredients in compositions or mixtures as defined herein and adherence thereof to the seeds is desired during propagation material treatment. Treatment could vary from a thin film (dressing) of the formulation containing the combination, for example, a mixture of active ingredient(s), on a plant propagation material, such as a seed, where the original size and/or shape are recognizable to an intermediary state (such as a coating) and then to a thicker film (such as pelleting with many layers of different materials (such as carriers, for example, clays; different formulations, such as of other active ingredients; polymers; and color- ants) where the original shape and/or size of the seed is no longer recognizable.

An aspect of the present invention includes application of the composition, e.g. agricultural composition or combination comprising a mixture (Q) according to the present invention, e.g. as defined herein above, onto the plant propagation material in a targeted fashion, including positioning the ingredients in the combination onto the entire plant propagation material or on only parts thereof, including on only a single side or a portion of a single side. One of ordinary skill in the art would understand these application methods from the description provided in

EP954213B1 and WO06/1 12700.

The composition, e.g. agricultural composition or combination comprising a mixture (Q) according to the present invention, e.g. as defined herein above, can also be used in form of a "pill" or "pellet" or a suitable substrate and placing, or sowing, the treated pill, or substrate, next to a plant propagation material. Such techniques are known in the art, particularly in

EP1 124414, WO07/67042, and WO07/67044. Application of the composition, e.g. agricultural composition, or combination comprising a mixture (Q) according to the present invention, e.g. as defined herein above, onto plant propagation material also includes protecting the plant prop- agation material treated with the combination of the present invention by placing one or more pesticide- and mixture(Q)-containing particles next to a pesticide- and mixture(Q)-treated seed, wherein the amount of pesticide is such that the pesticide-treated seed and the pesticide- containing particles together contain an Effective Dose of the pesticide and the pesticide dose contained in the pesticide-treated seed is less than or equal to the Maximal Non-Phyto toxic Dose of the pesticide. Such techniques are known in the art, particularly in WO2005/120226.

Application of the combinations onto the seed also includes controlled release coatings on the seeds, wherein the ingredients of the combinations are incorporated into materials that release the ingredients over time. Examples of controlled release seed treatment technologies are generally known in the art and include polymer films, waxes, or other seed coatings, wherein the in- gredients may be incorporated into the controlled release material or applied between layers of materials, or both.

Seed can be treated by applying thereto the compound s present in the inventive mixtures in any desired sequence or simultaneously.

The seed treatment occurs to an unsown seed, and the term "unsown seed" is meant to in- elude seed at any period between the harvest of the seed and the sowing of the seed in the ground for the purpose of germination and growth of the plant.

Treatment to an unsown seed is not meant to include those practices in which the active ingredient is applied to the soil or soil substituents but would include any application practice that would target the seed during the planting process.

Preferably, the treatment occurs before sowing of the seed so that the sown seed has been pre-treated with the combination. In particular, seed coating or seed pelleting are preferred in the treatment of the combinations according to the invention. As a result of the treatment, the ingredients in each combination are adhered on to the seed and therefore available for pest control. The treated seeds can be stored, handled, sowed and tilled in the same manner as any other active ingredient treated seed.

Solutions for seed treatment (LS), suspoemulsions (SE), flowable concentrates (FS), powders for dry treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS), water-soluble pow- ders (SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually employed for the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials, particularly seeds. Preferred examples of seed treatment formulation types or soil application for pre-mix compositions are of WS, LS, ES, FS, WG or CS-type.

The compositions in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active components concentra- tions of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40%, in the ready-to-use preparations. Application can be carried out before or during sowing. Methods for applying or treating compositions or combinations comprising a mixture (Q) according to the present invention, e.g. as defined herein above on to plant propagation material, especially seeds include dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting, soaking and in-furrow application methods of the propagation mate- rial. Preferably, compositions or combinations comprising a mixture (Q) according to the present invention, e.g. as defined herein above are applied on to the plant propagation material by a method such that germination is not induced, e. g. by seed dressing, pelleting, coating and dusting.

Typically, a pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.5 to 99.9 percent, especially 1 to 95 percent, of the desired ingredients, and 99.5 to 0.1 percent, especially 99 to 5 percent, of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50 percent, especially 0.5 to 40 percent, based on the pre-mix formulation. Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates (e.g., pre- mix composition (formulation), the end user will normally employ di- lute formulations (e.g. tank mix composition).

When employed in plant protection, the total amounts of active components applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 10 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha. The application rates may range from about 1 x 10⁶ to 5 x 10¹⁵ (or more) CFU/ha. Preferably, the spore concentration is about 1 x 10⁷ to about 1 x 10¹¹ CFU/ha. In the case of (entomopatho- genic) nematodes as microbial pesticides (e.g. Steinernema feltiae), the application rates preferably range inform about 1 x 10⁵ to 1 x 10¹² (or more), more preferably from 1 x 10⁸ to 1 x 10¹¹ , even more preferably from 5 x 10⁸ to 1 x 10¹⁰ individuals (e.g. in the form of eggs, juvenile or any other live stages, preferably in an infetive juvenile stage) per ha.

When employed in plant protection by seed treatment, the amount of compositions or combinations comprising a mixture (Q) according to the present invention, e.g. as defined herein above (based on total weight of active components) is in the range from 0.01-10 kg, preferably from 0.1-1000 g, more preferably from 1-100 g per 100 kilogram of plant propagation material (preferably seeds). The application rates with respect to plant propagation material preferably may range from about 1 x 10⁶ to 1 x 10¹² (or more) CFU/seed. Preferably, the concentration is about 1 x 10⁶ to about 1 x 10¹¹ CFU/seed. Alternatively, the application rates with respect to plant propagation material may range from about 1 x 10⁷ to 1 x 10¹⁴ (or more) CFU per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 x 10⁹ to about 1 x 10¹¹ CFU per 100 kg of seed. In a preferred embodiment, if used (simultaneously or with a time lag) together with a fertilizer, DM PSA [as component of mixture (Q) ] is contained or used in an amount of least 0.0001 wt- %, more preferably at least 0.0005 wt.-%, most preferably at least 0.002 wt.-%, particularly pref- erably at least 0.01 wt.-%, particularly more preferably at least 0.05 wt.-%, particularly even more preferably at least 0.1 wt.-%, particularly most preferably at least 0.3 wt.-%, for example preferably at least 0.7 wt.-%, for example more preferably at least 1.0 wt.-%, for example even more preferably at least 1 .5 wt.-%, for example most preferably at least 2.0 wt.-%, for example at least 2.5 wt.-%, based on the total amount of ammonium and/or urea nitrogen of the fertilizer.

In a preferred embodiment, if used (simultaneously or with a time lag) together with a fertilizer, a compound of formula I [as component of mixture (Q) ] is contained or used in an amount of least 0.0001 wt.-%, more preferably at least 0.0005 wt.-%, most preferably at least 0.002 wt.-%, particularly preferably at least 0.01 wt.-%, particularly more preferably at least 0.05 wt.-%, par- ticularly even more preferably at least 0.1 wt.-%, particularly most preferably at least 0.3 wt.-%, for example preferably at least 0.7 wt.-%, for example more preferably at least 1.0 wt.-%, for example even more preferably at least 1.5 wt.-%, for example most preferably at least 2.0 wt.-%, for example at least 2.5 wt.-%, based on the total amount of ammonium and/or urea nitrogen of the fertilizer.

In a preferred embodiment, if used (simultaneously or with a time lag) together with a fertilizer, the mixture (Q) (comprising DM PSA and a compound of of formula I) is contained or used in an amount of least 0.0001 wt.-%, more preferably at least 0.0005 wt.-%, most preferably at least 0.002 wt.-%, particularly preferably at least 0.01 wt.-%, particularly more preferably at least 0.05 wt.-%, particularly even more preferably at least 0.1 wt.-%, particularly most preferably at least 0.3 wt.-%, for example preferably at least 0.7 wt.-%, for example more preferably at least 1.0 wt.-%, for example even more preferably at least 1 .5 wt.-%, for example most preferably at least 2.0 wt.-%, for example at least 2.5 wt.-%, based on the total amount of ammonium and/or urea nitrogen of the fertilizer.

In a preferred embodiment, if used (simultaneously or with a time lag) together with a fertilizer, DM PSA [as component of mixture (Q) ] is contained or used in an amount of at most 15 wt.-%, more preferably at most 10 wt.-%, most preferably at most 7.5 wt.-%, particularly preferably at most 5 wt.-%, particularly more preferably at most 4 wt.-%, particularly even more preferably at most 3 wt.-%, particularly most preferably at most 2.5 wt.-%, for example preferably at most 2 wt.-%, for example more preferably at most 1.8 wt.-%, for example even more preferably at most 1 .6 wt.-%, for example most preferably at most 1.4 wt.-%, for example at most 1 .25 wt.-%, based on the total amount of ammonium and/or urea nitrogen of the fertilizer. In a preferred embodiment, if used (simultaneously or with a time lag) together with a fertilizer, a compound of formula I [as component of mixture (Q) ] is contained or used in an amount of at most 15 wt.-%, more preferably at most 10 wt.-%, most preferably at most 7.5 wt.-%, particularly preferably at most 5 wt.-%, particularly more preferably at most 4 wt.-%, particularly even more preferably at most 3 wt.-%, particularly most preferably at most 2.5 wt.-%, for example preferably at most 2 wt.-%, for example more preferably at most 1.8 wt.-%, for example even more preferably at most 1.6 wt.-%, for example most preferably at most 1 .4 wt.-%, for example at most 1 .25 wt.-%, based on the total amount of ammonium and/or urea nitrogen of the fertilizer.

In a preferred embodiment, if used (simultaneously or with a time lag) together with a fertilizer, the mixture (Q) (comprising DM PSA and a compound of of formula I) is contained or used in an amount of at most 15 wt.-%, more preferably at most 10 wt.-%, most preferably at most 7.5 wt.- %, particularly preferably at most 5 wt.-%, particularly more preferably at most 4 wt.-%, particu- larly even more preferably at most 3 wt.-%, particularly most preferably at most 2.5 wt.-%, for example preferably at most 2 wt.-%, for example more preferably at most 1.8 wt.-%, for example even more preferably at most 1.6 wt.-%, for example most preferably at most 1 .4 wt.-%, for example at most 1 .25 wt.-%, based on the total amount of ammonium and/or urea nitrogen of the fertilizer.

In a preferred embodiment, within the mixture (Q), the weight ratio of DMPSA to compound of formula I is preferably at least 1 :100, more preferably at least 1 :60, most preferably at least 1 :25, particularly preferably at least 1 :10, particularly more preferably at least 1 :7, particularly even more preferably at least 1 :5, particularly most preferably at least 1 :4, for example prefera- bly at least 1 :3, for example more preferably at least 1 :2, for example even more preferably at least 1 :1 .75, for example most preferably at least 1 :1.5, for example at least 1 :1 .25 for instance at least 1 :1 .

In a preferred embodiment, within the mixture (Q), the weight ratio of DMPSA to compound of formula I is preferably at most 100:1 , more preferably at most 60:1 , most preferably at most 25:1 , particularly preferably at most 10:1 , particularly more preferably at most 7:1 , particularly even more preferably at most 5:1 , particularly most preferably at most 4:1 , for example preferably at most 3:1 , for example more preferably at most 2:1 , for example even more preferably at most 1 .75:1 , for example most preferably at most 1 .5:1 , for example at most 1.25:1 , for instance at least 1 :1 .

In another embodiment of this invention, the invention relates to the use of DMPSA as nitrification inhibitor (referred to as "Ν in the following) for different carriers such as fertilizers, for example:

1 ) use of DM PSA as Nl for organic fertilizers;

2) use of DM PSA as Nl for manure;

3) use of DM PSA as Nl for liquid manure;

4) use of DM PSA as Nl for biogas manure;

5) use of DM PSA as Nl for stable manure;

6) use of DM PSA as Nl for straw manure;

7) use of DM PSA as Nl for slurry;

8) use of DM PSA as Nl for worm castings;

9) use of DM PSA as Nl for peat;

10) use of DMPSA as Nl for seaweed or seaweed extracts; 1 1 ) use of DM PSA as N for

12) use of DM PSA as N for

13) use of DM PSA as N for

14) use of DM PSA as N for

15) use of DM PSA as N for

16) use of DM PSA as N for

17) use of DM PSA as N for

18) use of DM PSA as N for

19) use of DM PSA as N for

20) use of DM PSA as N for

21 ) use of DM PSA as N for

22) use of DM PSA as N for

23) use of DM PSA as N for

24) use of DM PSA as N for

25) use of DM PSA as N for

26) use of DM PSA as N for

27) use of DM PSA as N for

28) use of DM PSA as N for

29) use of DM PSA as N for

30) use of DM PSA as N for

propriate concentrations

(N), phosphorus (P) and

31 ) use of DM PSA as N for

32) use of DM PSA as N for

33) use of DM PSA as N for

34) use of DM PSA as N for

35) use of DM PSA as N for

36) use of DM PSA as N for

37) use of DM PSA as N for

38) use of DM PSA as N for

39) use of DM PSA as N for

40) use of DM PSA as N for

41 ) use of DM PSA as N for

42) use of DM PSA as N for

43) use of DM PSA as N for

44) use of DM PSA as N for

45) use of DM PSA as N for

46) use of DM PSA as N for

47) use of DM PSA as N for

48) use of DM PSA as N for

49) use of DM PSA as N for

50) use of DM PSA as N for

liquid form, as sprayable fertilizer, or via fertigation; 51 ) use of DM PSA as Nl for coated fertilizers; 52) use of DM PSA as Nl for controlled release fertilizers (CRFs);

53) use of DM PSA as Nl for slow-release fertilizers (SRF);

54) Use of DMPSA as Ni for humic acids;

55) Use of DMPSA as Nl for muriate of potash.

The following example is provided for illustrative purposes. It is thus understood that the example is not to be construed as limiting. The skilled person in the art will clearly be able to envisage further modifications of the principles laid out herein.

EXAMPLES

Example 1 :

100g soil is filled into 500ml plastic bottles (e.g. soil sampled from the field) and is moistened to 50% water holding capacity. The soil is incubated at 20°C for two weeks to activate the microbial biomass. 1 ml test solution, containing the compound in the appropriate concentration, or DMSO, and 10mg nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulfate-N is added to the soil and everything mixed well. Bottles are capped but loosely to allow air exchange. The bottles are then incubated at 20°C for 0 and 14 days.

For analysis 300ml of a 1 % K2S04-solution is added to the bottle containing the soil and shaken for 2 hrs in a horizontal shaker at 150 rpm. Then the whole solution is filtered through a Macherey-Nagel Filter MN 807 ¼. Ammonium and nitrate content is then analyzed in the filtrate in an auto analyzer at 550 nm (Merck, AA1 1 ).

DM PSA (used as free acid), 4-chloro-benzylpropargylether (= Compound 1 -15 as defined above), 4-methoxy-benzylpropargylether (= Compound 1 -8 as defined above) and benzylpro- pargylether (= Compound 1-28 as defined above) as used in Example 1 were synthesized by BASF.

Calculations:

(N03-N without NI atend of incubation - N03-N with Nl at end of incubation)

inhibition in % = — x 100

(N03-N withoutNI atend of incubation - N03-N at beginning) Inhibitor % Inhibition of nitrification Reduction of Nitrate content

(NH4 remaining in soil as compared to control (% of percent of control) control)

DM PSA (0.1 wt.-%) 8 5

4-Chloro-benzylpropar- 15 10

gylether (= Compound 1 -15

as defined above) (0.2 wt- %)

DM PSA (0.1 wt.-%) + 4- 22 (Colby>21 ) 17 (Colby>14) chloro-benzylpropargylether

(0.2 wt.-%)

4-Methoxy-benzylpropar- 5 5

gylether (= Compound 1 -8

as defined above) (0.1 wt- %)

DM PSA 0.1 wt.-% + 4-me- 23 (Colby>20) 18 (Colby >15) thoxy-benzylpropargylether

(0.1 wt.-%)

Benzylpropargylether (= 6 6

Compound 1-28 as defined

above) (0.1 wt.-%)

DM PSA 0.1 wt.-% + ben21 (Colby >19) 17 (Colby >14) zylpropargylether (0.1 wt.- %)

(wt.-% stands for "percent by weight")

To examine synergistic effects of the combination of DM PSA and 4-chloro-benzylpropargylether (= Compound 1 -15 as defined above), 4-methoxy-benzylpropargylether (= Compound 1-8 as defined above) or benzylpropargylether (= Compound 1-28 as defined above) as used in Example 1 , the formula by Colby (Colby, S.R., "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide Combinations", Weeds, 15, pp. 20-22, 1967) was used.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are the following embodiments: 1 . A mixture comprising a) 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid, and/or 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl) succinic acid, and/or a derivative, and/or a salt thereof (DM PSA), and b) at least one compound of formula I or a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof,

wherein

R¹ and R² are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H , C1-C6- alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, Ci-C6-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy-Ci-C4-alkyl C1-C6- alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyloxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, wherein the C-atoms may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2 or 3 identical or different substituents R^e;

C3-C8-cycloalkyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, hetaryl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl-Ci-C6-al- kyl, C3-C8-cycloalkenyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, heterocyclyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl- Ci-C6-alkyl, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 identical or different substituents R^a;

wherein

C3-C8-cycloalkyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, hetaryl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl-Ci-Ce-al- kyl, C3-C8-cycloalkenyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, heterocyclyl-C C6-alkyl, aryl-C C6-alkyl, and hetaryl- Ci-C6-alkyl, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 identical or different substituents R^a;

and wherein

R^a is selected from CN , halogen, NO2, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl and Ci-C4-alkoxy;

R^b is selected from H , Ci-C6-alkyl, C2-C4-alkenyl, C2-C4-alkynyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, phenyl and benzyl;

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H , C C₄- alkyl, and CrC₄-haloalkyl; or

Y is O or S; and

m is 0, 1 or 2. 1 a. A mixture comprising a) 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid, and/or 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl) succinic acid, and/or a derivative, and/or a salt thereof (DM PSA), and b) at least one compound of formula I

or a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof,

as a nitrification inhibitor for reducing nitrification

wherein

C3-C8-cycloalkyl, d-Cs-cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, hetaryl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl-Ci-C6-al- kyl, C3-C8-cycloalkenyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, heterocyclyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl- Ci-C6-alkyl, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 identical or different substituents R^a;

wherein

R^A is selected from the group consisting of CN , halogen, N0₂, OR^b, N R^cR^d, C(Y)R^b, C(Y)OR^b, C(Y)N R^cR^d, S(Y)_mR^b, S(Y)_mOR^b,

d-Ce-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, d-Ce-haloalkyl, Ci-C₆-alkoxy, d-Ce-alkylthio, wherein the C-atoms may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2 or 3 identical or different substituents R^e;

d-Cs-cycloalkyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, hetaryl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl-Ci-C6-al- kyl, C3-C8-cycloalkenyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, heterocyclyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl- Ci-C6-alkyl, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 identical or different substituents R^a;

and wherein

R^a is selected from CN , halogen, NO2, d-C₄-alkyl, d-C₄-haloalkyl and C C₄-alkoxy;

or two substituents R^a on adjacent C-atoms may be a bridge selected from CH2CH2CH2CH2, OCH2CH2CH2, CH2OCH2CH2, OCH2CH2O, OCH2OCH2, CH2CH2CH2, CH2CH2O,

CH2OCH2, 0(CH₂)0, SCH2CH2CH2, CH2SCH2CH2, SCH2CH2S, SCH2SCH2, CH2CH2S, CH2SCH2, S(CH2)S, and form together with the C atoms, to which the two R^a are bonded to, a 5-membered or 6-membered saturated carbocyclic or heteocyclic ring;

R^b is selected from H , C C6-alkyl, C2-C₄-alkenyl, C2-C₄-alkynyl, C C₄-haloalkyl, phenyl and benzyl;

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H , C1-C4- alkyl, and d-C₄-haloalkyl; or and R^d together with the N atom to which they are bonded form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, which may carry a further heteroatom being selected from O, S and N as a ring member atom and wherein the heterocycle may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents which are independently of each other se- lected from halogen;

R^e is selected from CN , halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, and C1-C4- haloalkoxy;

Y is O or S; and

m is 0, 1 or 2.

2. The mixture of embodiment 1 or 1 a, wherein the radicals R^a, R^b, R^c, R^d, and R^e are defined as follows:

R^a is selected from halogen, Ci-C2-alkyl, Ci-C2-alkoxy,

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C4- alkyl, and Ci-C4-haloalkyl; and

R^e is selected from halogen and CrC₄-alkyl.

3. The mixture of embodiment 1 , 1 a or 2, wherein in said compound of formula I,

R¹ and R² are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, C2-C6- alkynyl, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl-Ci-C6-alkyl,

wherein preferably at least one of R¹ and R² is H.

The mixture of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein in said compound of formula I, is phenyl, wherein said phenyl ring is unsubstituted or carries 1 , 2, or 3 identical or different substituents R^A.

The mixture of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein in said compound of formula I, if present,

is selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, NR^cR^d, C C6-alkyl, C C6-haloal- kyl, Ci-C6-alkoxy, Ci-C6-alkylthio, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein R^a and R^c and R^d are as defined in embodiment 1 or 2.

5. The mixture of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein said compound of formula I is the compound of formula 1.1 ¹.b, and wherein R^A is H, CI, or methoxy, and on with respect to the propargylether group.

6. Use of the mixture of any one of embodiments 1 to 5 for reducing nitrification. 7. An agrochemical composition comprising (i) at least one fertilizer; and (ii) at least one mixture as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 5.

8. The use of embodiment 6, wherein said nitrification inhibitor is used in combination with a fertilizer, optionally in the form of the agrochemical composition of embodiment 7.

9. The use of any one of embodiments 6 or 8, wherein said reduction of nitrification occurs in or on a plant, in the root zone of a plant, in or on soil or soil substituents and/or at the locus where a plant is growing or is intended to grow.

10. A method for reducing nitrification, comprising treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus or soil or soil substituents where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a mixture as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 5. 1 1. The method of embodiment 10, wherein the plant and/or the locus or soil or soil substituents where the plant is growing or is intended to grow is additionally provided with a fertilizer.

12. The method of embodiment 10 or 1 1 , wherein the application of said mixture and of said fertilizer is carried out simultaneously or with a time lag, preferably an interval of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks.

13. A method for treating a fertilizer comprising the application of a mixture as defined in any one of embodiments 1 to 5. 14. The agrochemical composition of embodiment 7, the use of embodiment 8 or 9, or the method of any one of embodiments 1 1 to 13, wherein said fertilizer is an solid or liquid ammonium-containing inorganic fertilizer preferably selected from the group consisting of NPK fertilizer, NP fertilizer, NK fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or ammonium phosphate; an solid or liquid organic fertilizer preferably selected from the group consisting of liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, biogas manure, stable manure and straw manure, worm castings, compost, seaweed or guano, or an urea-containing fertilizer preferably selected from the group consisting of urea, formaldehyde urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution, urea sulphur, stabilized urea, urea based NPK- fertilizers, urea based NP fertilizers, urea based NK fertilizers, or urea ammonium sulfate.

15. The use of embodiment 9 or 14 or the method of any one of embodiments 10 to 12 or 14, wherein said plant is an agricultural plant preferably selected from the group consisting of wheat, barley, oat, rye, soybean, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, canola, sunflower, cotton, sugar cane, sugar beet, rice, or a vegetable preferably selected from the group consisting of spinach, lettuce, asparagus, or cabbages; or sorghum; a silvicultural plant; an ornamental plant; or a horticultural plant, each in its natural or in a genetically modified form.

Claims

1. A mixture comprising a) 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid, and/or 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid, and/or a derivative, and/or a salt thereof (DM PSA), and b) at least one compound of formul

or a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof,

wherein

R¹ and R² are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, d-Ce-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, d-Ce-haloalkyl, Ci-C₄-alkoxy-Ci-C₄-alkyl d-C₆- alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyloxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, wherein the C-atoms may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2 or 3 identical or different substituents R^e;

d-Cs-cycloalkyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, hetaryl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl-Ci-C6-al- kyl, C3-C8-cycloalkenyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, heterocyclyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl- Ci-C6-alkyl, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 identical or different substituents R^a;

A is phenyl, wherein said phenyl ring may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 ,

2,

3,

4, or

5 identical or different substituents R^A;

wherein

R^A is selected from the group consisting of CN, halogen, N0₂, OR^b, NR^cR^d, C(Y)R^b, C(Y)OR^b, C(Y)NR^cR^d, S(Y)_mR^b, S(Y)_mOR^b,

Ci-Ce-alkyI, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, Ci-Ce-haloalkyl, Ci-Ce-alkoxy, Ci-Ce-alkylthio, wherein the C-atoms may in each case be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2 or 3 identical or different substituents R^e;

d-Cs-cycloalkyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, hetaryl, C3-C8-cycloalkyl-Ci-C6- alkyl, d-Cs-cycloalkenyl-Ci-Ce-alkyl, heterocyclyl-Ci-C6-alkyl, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and he- taryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 identical or different substituents R^a;

and wherein

R^a is selected from CN, halogen, N0₂, C C -alkyl, C C -haloalkyl and C C -alkoxy; or two substituents R^a on adjacent C-atoms may be a bridge selected from

CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂, OCH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂OCH₂CH₂, OCH₂CH₂0, OCH₂OCH₂, CH₂CH₂CH₂,

CH₂CH₂0, CH₂OCH₂, 0(CH₂)0, SCH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂SCH₂CH₂, SCH₂CH₂S, SCH₂SCH₂, CH₂CH₂S, CH₂SCH₂, S(CH₂)S, and form together with the C atoms, to which the two R^a are bonded to, a 5-membered or 6-membered saturated carbocyclic or heteocyclic ring; R^b is selected from H, C C6-alkyl, C₂-C -alkenyl, C₂-C -alkynyl, Ci-C -haloalkyl, phenyl and benzyl;

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, Ci-C₄-alkyl, and Ci-C₄-haloalkyl; or R^c and R^d together with the N atom to which they are bonded form a 5- or

6-membered, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, which may carry a further heteroa- tom being selected from O, S and N as a ring member atom and wherein the heterocycle may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 , 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents which are independently of each other selected from halogen;

R^e is selected from CN , halogen, Ci-C4-alkyl, Ci-C4-haloalkyl, Ci-C4-alkoxy, and Ci-

C4-haloalkoxy;

Y is O or S; and

m is 0, 1 or 2.

The mixture of claim 1 , wherein the radicals R^a, R^b, R^c, R^d, and R^e are defined as follows: R^a is selected from halogen, Ci-C2-alkyl, Ci-C2-alkoxy,

or two substituents R^a on adjacent C-atoms may be a OCH2CH2O bridge or a 0(CH₂)0 bridge;

R^b is selected from H, Ci-C6-alkyl, phenyl and benzyl;

R^c and R^d are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H,

Ci-C4-alkyl, and Ci-C4-haloalkyl; and

R^e is selected from halogen and CrC₄-alkyl.

The mixture of claim 1 or 2, wherein in said compound of formula I,

R¹ and R² are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H,

C2-C6-alkynyl, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, aryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, and hetaryl-Ci-C6-alkyl, wherein - optionally - at least one of R¹ and R² is H.

The mixture of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in said compound of formula I,

A is phenyl, wherein said phenyl ring is unsubstituted or carries 1 , 2, or 3 identical or different substituents R^A.

The mixture of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in said compound of formula I, if present, R^A is selected from the group consisting of halogen, NO2, NR^cR^d, C C6-al- kyl, C C6-haloalkyl, C C6-alkoxy, Ci-C6-alkylthio, phenoxy and benzyloxy, wherein the cyclic moieties may be unsubstituted or may carry 1 or 2 identical or different substituents R^a, wherein R^a and R^c and R^d are as defined in claim 1 or 2.

Use of the mixture of any one of claims 1 to 5 for reducing nitrification.

7. An agrochemical composition comprising (i) at least one fertilizer; and (ii) at least one mixture as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. The use of claim 6, wherein said nitrification inhibitor is used in combination with a fertilizer, optionally in the form of the agrochemical composition of claim 7.

9. The use of any one of claims 6 or 8, wherein said reduction of nitrification occurs in or on a plant, in the root zone of a plant, in or on soil or soil substituents and/or at the locus where a plant is growing or is intended to grow.

10. A method for reducing nitrification, comprising treating a plant growing on soil or soil substituents and/or the locus or soil or soil substituents where the plant is growing or is intended to grow with a mixture as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.

1 1. The method of claim 10, wherein the plant and/or the locus or soil or soil substituents where the plant is growing or is intended to grow is additionally provided with a fertilizer.

12. The method of claim 10 or 1 1 , wherein the application of said mixture and of said fertilizer is carried out simultaneously or with a time lag.

13. A method for treating a fertilizer comprising the application of a mixture as defined in any one of claims 1 to 5.

14. The agrochemical composition of claim 7, the use of claim 8 or 9, or the method of any one of claims 1 1 to 13, wherein said fertilizer is an solid or liquid ammonium-containing inor- ganic fertilizer selected from the group consisting of an NPK fertilizer, NP fertilizer, NK fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or ammonium phosphate; an solid or liquid organic fertilizer selected from the group consisting of liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, biogas manure, stable manure and straw manure, worm castings, compost, seaweed or guano, or an urea-containing fertilizer selected from the group consisting of urea, formaldehyde urea, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution, urea sulphur, stabilized urea, urea based NPK-fertilizers, urea based NP fertilizers, urea based NK fertilizers, or urea ammonium sulfate.

15. The use of claim 9 or 14 or the method of any one of claims 10 to 12 or 14, wherein said plant is an agricultural plant selected from the group consisting of wheat, barley, oat, rye, soybean, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, canola, sunflower, cotton, sugar cane, sugar beet, rice, or a vegetable selected from the group consisting of spinach, lettuce, asparagus, or cabbages; or sorghum; a silvicultural plant; an ornamental plant; or a horticultural plant, each in its natural or in a genetically modified form.