WO2018149074A1 - 降噪耳机以及电子设备 - Google Patents

降噪耳机以及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018149074A1
WO2018149074A1 PCT/CN2017/089578 CN2017089578W WO2018149074A1 WO 2018149074 A1 WO2018149074 A1 WO 2018149074A1 CN 2017089578 W CN2017089578 W CN 2017089578W WO 2018149074 A1 WO2018149074 A1 WO 2018149074A1
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Prior art keywords
noise
microphone
earphone
noise reduction
noise canceling
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PCT/CN2017/089578
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵燕鹏
谢萍
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/10—Details of earpieces, attachments therefor, earphones or monophonic headphones covered by H04R1/10 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/105—Manufacture of mono- or stereophonic headphone components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of earphone technology, and more particularly to a noise canceling earphone and an electronic device to which the noise canceling earphone is applied.
  • wireless earphones generally have an uplink noise reduction function, and uplink noise reduction is call noise reduction.
  • uplink noise reduction is call noise reduction.
  • the microphone receives the speech signal of the speaker and the noise signal of the surrounding environment, and the above two signals are transmitted to the noise reduction chip, and the noise reduction algorithm is used to filter out the environmental noise signal to ensure that the other party can still listen. To a clear voice signal.
  • the call noise reduction function is usually implemented by a single microphone/double microphone noise reduction algorithm.
  • the principle of the dual-mike noise reduction algorithm is as follows: the microphone close to the speaker's mouth is the main microphone, which is mainly used to pick up the human voice signal; the microphone near the human ear is the secondary microphone, which is mainly used for picking up noise and voice signals.
  • the time when the speech signal reaches the main and sub-microphones is different due to the difference in distance, and the noise reduction algorithm performs noise suppression according to the time difference.
  • the noise reduction performance of the microphone array There are two key parameters for the noise reduction performance of the microphone array: one is the distance between the primary and secondary microphones, and the other is the angle between the secondary microphone array connection and the voice source (such as the mouth) to be enhanced.
  • the distance between the main and sub-microphones is large, and the angle between the main and sub-microphones is small, so the noise reduction performance is good, and vice versa.
  • the distance from the product to the mouth is far, and the conventional distance from the external ear canal to the center of the lips is about 130mm. This is also the distance between the center of the earphone wireless microphone or the microphone array to the center of the lip; 2. The center of the microphone or microphone array is almost picked up from the center of the lip, and the microphone array is connected to the microphone due to the stability requirements.
  • the angle of the line between the array and the center of the lips is usually larger than 30 degrees.
  • the current wireless earphones are small in size, and the distance between the primary and secondary microphones is difficult to meet the minimum distance. From the request. Due to the size of the main microphone, the main microphone is far from the mouth and the call quality is not good.
  • a noise canceling earphone includes an earphone housing, a main microphone, a noise reduction microphone, and a telescopic portion, the noise reduction microphone is disposed on the earphone housing, the main microphone is disposed on the telescopic portion, and the telescopic portion is The earphone housing is slidably coupled to enable the main microphone to be moved closer to and away from the user's mouth.
  • the telescoping portion is configured to be retractable into the earphone housing.
  • the main microphone is disposed at an end of the telescopic portion, and the noise reduction microphone is disposed at a top of the earphone housing.
  • the telescoping portion is configured to be slidable along a line connecting the noise reduction microphone to a user's mouth.
  • a trigger switch is further configured, the trigger switch is configured to identify a state of the telescopic portion, and the main control chip selects a noise reduction algorithm according to the state.
  • a driving device for driving the telescopic portion is further included.
  • an identification device configured to identify noise of the environment in which it is located, and to extend or retract the telescoping portion according to the magnitude of the noise.
  • a sensor is further disposed on the earphone housing and communicatively coupled to the main control chip, the sensor being configured to contact a user's ear to pick up bone conduction speech The signal is sent to the master chip.
  • an electronic device includes the noise canceling earphone provided by the present invention.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that in the prior art, the size of the wireless earphone is small, and the distance between the primary and secondary microphones is difficult to meet the minimum distance requirement. And subject to the size of the main microphone, the main microphone is far from the mouth, and the call quality is not good. Therefore, the technical task to be achieved by the present invention or the technical problem to be solved is not thought of or expected by those skilled in the art, so the present invention is a new technical solution.
  • the noise canceling earphone of the present invention includes a telescopic portion and a main microphone disposed on the telescopic portion.
  • the headset Two states of extension and storage of the main microphone are realized to adapt to the use of a strong noise environment and a weak noise environment, respectively.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the noise canceling headphones is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a noise canceling earphone in an extended state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a noise canceling earphone in a stored state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 11 earplug; 12: rear cavity; 13: front sound tube; 15: main microphone; 16: noise canceling microphone; 17: sensor; 24: skin inside the ear canal; 25: telescopic rod; 26: trigger switch.
  • a noise canceling earphone is provided.
  • the noise canceling earphone can be a wireless earphone or a wired earphone.
  • the noise canceling earphone can be an in-ear earphone, an over-ear earphone or a headset.
  • the noise canceling earphone includes a headphone housing, a main microphone 15, a noise canceling microphone 16, and a main control chip.
  • the main microphone 15, the noise reduction microphone 16, and the main control chip are disposed in the earphone housing.
  • the main microphone 15 and the noise reduction microphone 16 are communicatively coupled to the main control chip.
  • the main microphone 15 is for picking up a voice signal and transmitting the signal to the master chip.
  • the main microphone 15 inevitably picks up and transmits a noise signal.
  • the noise reduction microphone 16 is used to pick up the voice signal and the noise signal of the surrounding environment, and send the two signals to the master chip.
  • the main control chip receives signals from the main microphone 15 and the noise reduction microphone 16, performs noise reduction according to the noise reduction algorithm, and strengthens the speech signal.
  • the main control chip is further configured to send the voice signal after the noise reduction processing to the mobile terminal, and play the same through the mobile terminal. For example, send it to a smartphone, tablet, etc.
  • the noise canceling earphone further includes a telescopic portion.
  • the noise reduction microphone 16 is disposed on the earphone housing.
  • the main microphone 15 is disposed on the telescopic portion, and the telescopic portion is slidably coupled to the earphone housing to enable the main microphone 15 to be brought close to and away from the user's mouth.
  • the noise canceling earphone includes a stowed state and an extended state.
  • the telescoping portion In the stowed state, the telescoping portion is retracted to move the main microphone 15 away from the user's mouth.
  • This state is suitable for noise canceling headphones when the ambient noise is weak. For example, indoors, cars, etc. In this state, since the user's voice is less disturbed by environmental noise, it is not necessary to pick up the voice signal by bringing the main microphone 15 close to the user's mouth. By picking up the voice signal, the noise canceling earphone can obtain a higher signal to noise ratio.
  • the telescoping portion projects to bring the main microphone 15 close to the user's mouth.
  • This state is suitable for use in noisy environments, such as bars, farmers' markets, mechanical processing plants, etc. Since the extension of the telescopic portion causes the main microphone 15 to approach the mouth of the user, the directivity of the main microphone 15 is improved, so that the influence of noise on the speech signal is reduced. When the user makes a voice, the main microphone 15 can pick up more accurately, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the noise canceling earphone.
  • the noise canceling earphone in the storage state, because the ambient noise is small, the first noise reduction algorithm adopted by the main control chip should be set according to the weak noise. In the extended state, due to the large environmental noise, the second noise reduction algorithm adopted by the main control chip should be set according to strong noise. That is, in the two states of storage and extension, different noise reduction algorithms are respectively adopted to achieve reasonable noise reduction.
  • the noise reduction algorithm is a conventional technical means in the art, and those skilled in the art can select the first and second noise reduction algorithms according to actual needs, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • 1 is a schematic structural view of a noise canceling earphone in an extended state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic structural view of a noise canceling earphone in a stored state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the noise canceling earphone is an in-ear type wireless earphone.
  • the earphone housing is an earplug 11.
  • the inside of the earplug 11 has an accommodation space.
  • the accommodation space is divided into a rear chamber 12 and a front sound tube 13 that communicates with the rear chamber 12.
  • the rear chamber 12 is for accommodating various components and can improve the low frequency effect of the noise canceling headphone, and the front sound tube 13 communicates with a speaker (not shown) to transmit sound.
  • the front sound tube 13 When worn, the front sound tube 13 is inserted into the ear canal.
  • a power supply assembly and a switch are also disposed within the rear chamber 12.
  • the power supply assembly includes a lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery supplies power to the speaker, the main microphone 15, the noise reduction microphone 16, and the main control chip through the power management circuit.
  • the noise canceling headphone also includes a printed circuit board (PCB) integrated with a master chip.
  • the main microphone 15 and the noise reduction microphone 16 are communicatively coupled to the main control chip via a printed wiring board.
  • PCB makes the communication effect between the main microphone 15, the noise reduction microphone 16 and the main control chip better.
  • the main control chip can use DSP (Digital Signal Process) chip, or other chips with storage function, and the corresponding algorithm program can be written into the main control chip.
  • DSP Digital Signal Process
  • the telescoping portion is configured to be retractable into the earphone housing.
  • the telescopic portion employs a telescopic rod 25, and a hole is provided in the earplug 11.
  • the tunnel extends into the rear chamber 12.
  • the telescopic rod 25 slides along the tunnel.
  • the telescopic rod 25 slides into the tunnel, and the main microphone 15 is embedded in the outer surface of the earplug 11.
  • the noise-reducing earphone is generally regular and has a good appearance.
  • the telescoping rod 25 slides out of the tunnel to bring the main microphone 15 close to the user's mouth.
  • the telescoping rod 25 is disposed on the outer surface of the earplug 11 (not shown) in a manner that facilitates the installation of the telescoping rod 25.
  • the main microphone 15 is disposed at the end of the telescoping portion, and the noise reduction microphone 16 is disposed at the top of the earphone housing.
  • the maximum distance between the main microphone 15 and the noise reduction microphone 16 is the extended state or the stored state, so that the noise reduction effect of the noise canceling earphone is good.
  • the telescoping portion is configured to slide along the line connecting the noise reduction microphone 16 to the user's mouth.
  • the connection between the noise reduction microphone 16 and the main microphone 15 coincides with the line between the noise reduction microphone 16 and the user's mouth, and the angle between the two lines is zero.
  • the noise reduction microphone 16 and the main microphone 15 are located on the same propagation path of the voice, and the voice signal picked up by the noise reduction microphone 16 has only a difference in distance compared with the voice signal picked up by the main microphone 15, and there is no difference in angle.
  • This setting method is compatible with the theoretical angle of the noise reduction algorithm, so that the noise reduction effect of the noise canceling earphone is the best.
  • a trigger switch is also included, the trigger switch 26 being configured to identify the state of the telescoping portion. For example, the storage state and the extended state.
  • the master chip selects the noise reduction algorithm according to the state shown.
  • a trigger switch 26 is provided on the side of the rear chamber 12 of the earplug 11 to facilitate triggering. In the storage state, the trigger switch 26 is activated to set the master chip as the first noise reduction algorithm; in the extended state, the trigger switch 26 is activated to set the master chip as the second noise reduction algorithm.
  • the switching of the noise reduction algorithm is very convenient.
  • the noise canceling earphone further includes a driving device for driving the telescopic portion.
  • the driving device is, for example, a micro servo motor to facilitate the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod 25.
  • the noise canceling earphone further includes an identification device.
  • the identification device is configured to identify the noise of the environment in which it is located, and to extend or retract the telescoping portion according to the magnitude of the noise volume.
  • the identification device includes a volume detection chip through which the volume of noise of the surrounding environment is detected.
  • the master chip determines to adopt the extended state and sends a control signal to the driving device.
  • the drive unit drives the telescopic rod 25 to extend. And the master chip switches to the second noise reduction algorithm.
  • the main control chip determines to adopt the storage state and sends a control signal to the driving device.
  • the drive unit drives the telescopic rod 25 to retract.
  • the master chip switches to the first noise reduction algorithm.
  • the setting of the identification device improves the automation degree of the noise canceling earphone, and makes the switching of the noise canceling earphone use state more convenient.
  • the noise canceling earphone further includes a sensor.
  • the sensor is disposed on the earphone housing and is in communication with the main control chip.
  • the sensor is configured to contact the ear of the user to pick up the bone conduction voice signal and transmit the voice signal to the master chip.
  • the senor 17 is disposed within the front sound tube 13. When the earplug is inserted into the ear canal, the sensor 17 is in contact with the skin 24 inside the ear canal.
  • the user sends a voice signal, and the vibration of the vocal cords is transmitted to the human ear through bone conduction, which causes the capillary changes in the human ear to change accordingly.
  • the sensor 17 is in close contact with the human ear, picks up the change in blood information caused by the voice utterance, and transmits the picked up blood information to the main control chip in the earplug.
  • the main control chip analyzes the blood information and finally obtains the user's voice signal. Since the blood signal does not fluctuate due to strong external noise, the indirect acquisition of the speech signal by the sensor 17 can ensure the accurate transmission of the speech signal and avoid the influence of the external noise signal on the call quality.
  • the master chip optimizes the voice signal picked up by the sensor 17 and the voice signal picked up by the master microphone to finally obtain an accurate voice signal. This method improves the accuracy of voice signal pickup.
  • the master chip enhances the voice signal and improves the voice effect.
  • the noise canceling headphones are headband headphones or over-the-ear headphones.
  • the sensor is disposed on the inside of the earphone housing, that is, on the side close to the ear, and is in contact with the skin outside the ear canal. It is also effective to pick up the speech signal of bone conduction.
  • an electronic device includes the noise canceling earphone provided by the present invention.
  • the electronic device can be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a radio, a smart watch, smart glasses, a PSP, a virtual reality device (VR), or an augmented reality device (AR).
  • the electronic device has the characteristics of good voice effect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
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Abstract

一种降噪耳机以及电子设备。降噪耳机包括耳机壳体、主麦克风（15）、降噪麦克风（16）和伸缩部，降噪麦克风（16）被设置在耳机壳体上，主麦克风（15）被设置在伸缩部上，伸缩部与耳机壳体滑动连接，以使主麦克风（15）能靠近和远离用户嘴部。降噪耳机包括伸缩部和设置在伸缩部上的主麦克风（15）。该耳机实现了主麦克风（15）的伸出和收纳两种状态，以分别适应强噪音环境和弱噪音环境的使用。

Description

降噪耳机以及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及耳机技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种降噪耳机以及应用了该降噪耳机的电子设备。
背景技术
目前无线耳机一般都带有上行降噪功能，上行降噪即通话降噪。例如，在嘈杂环境中打电话时，麦克风接收说话人的语音信号和周围环境的噪声信号，上述两种信号被传递至降噪芯片，通过降噪算法，过滤掉环境噪声信号保证对方仍旧能听到清晰的语音信号。
通话降噪功能通常是通过单麦克风/双麦克降噪算法来实现。
双麦克降噪算法原理如下：靠近说话人嘴部的麦克风为主麦克风，其主要用于拾取人语音信号；靠近人耳部的麦克风为副麦克风，主要用于拾取噪声和语音信号。语音信号到达主副麦克风的时间由于距离不同其时间差也有不同，降噪算法根据时间差来进行噪声抑制。
麦克风阵列降噪性能的好坏有两个关键参数：一是主、副两颗麦克风之间的距离，二是副麦克风阵列连线与要增强的语音声源(例如嘴部)的夹角。主、副麦克风之间的距离大，夹角小，则降噪性能好，反之降噪性能差。
由于无线耳机佩戴及产品设计，目前的无线耳机很难在通话降噪性能上有较大突破，主要原因为：1.产品到嘴的距离较远，外耳道口到嘴唇中心的常规距离约为130mm，这也是通常双耳无线耳机麦克风或麦克风阵列中心到嘴唇中心的距离；2.麦克风或麦克风阵列中心几乎是背对着嘴唇中心拾音，且由于佩戴稳固度的要求，麦克风阵列连线与麦克风阵列-嘴唇中心的连线的角度通常较大，超过30度以上。
目前的无线耳机尺寸较小，主、副麦克风之间的距离很难满足最小距 离要求。受主麦克风尺寸的限制，主麦克风离嘴部较远,通话质量不好。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种降噪耳机的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种降噪耳机。该耳机包括耳机壳体、主麦克风、降噪麦克风和伸缩部，所述降噪麦克风被设置在所述耳机壳体上，所述主麦克风被设置在所述伸缩部上，所述伸缩部与所述耳机壳体滑动连接，以使所述主麦克风能靠近和远离用户嘴部。
可选地，所述伸缩部被配置为能缩进所述耳机壳体内。
可选地，所述主麦克风被设置在所述伸缩部的末端，所述降噪麦克风被设置在所述耳机壳体的顶部。
可选地，所述伸缩部被配置为能沿所述降噪麦克风与用户的嘴部的连线滑动。
可选地，还包括触发开关，所述触发开关被配置为用于识别所述伸缩部的状态，所述主控芯片根据所述状态选择降噪算法。
可选地，还包括用于驱动所述伸缩部的驱动装置。
可选地，还包括识别装置，所述识别装置被配置为用于识别所在环境的噪音，并根据所述噪音的大小使所述伸缩部伸出或者缩回。
可选地，还包括传感器，所述传感器被设置在所述耳机壳体上，并与所述主控芯片通信连接，所述传感器被配置为与用户的耳部接触，以拾取骨传导的语音信号并将该语音信号发送给所述主控芯片。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种电子设备。该设备包括本发明提供的降噪耳机。
本发明的发明人发现，在现有技术中，无线耳机的尺寸较小，主、副麦克风之间的距离很难满足最小距离要求。并且受主麦克风尺寸的限制，主麦克风离嘴部较远,通话质量不好。因此，本发明所要实现的技术任务或者所要解决的技术问题是本领域技术人员从未想到的或者没有预期到的，故本发明是一种新的技术方案。
本发明的降噪耳机包括伸缩部和设置在伸缩部上的主麦克风。该耳机 实现了主麦克风的伸出和收纳两种状态，以分别适应强噪音环境和弱噪音环境的使用。
此外，提高了降噪耳机的信噪比。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是根据本发明实施例的伸出状态的降噪耳机的结构示意图。
图2是根据本发明实施例的收纳状态的降噪耳机的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
11：耳塞；12：后腔；13：前出音管；15：主麦克风；16：降噪麦克风；17：传感器；24：耳道内侧的皮肤；25：伸缩杆；26：触发开关。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
根据本发明的实施例，提供了一种降噪耳机。例如，该降噪耳机可以是无线耳机或者有线耳机。从佩戴形式上，该降噪耳机可以是入耳式耳机、挂耳式耳机或者头戴式耳机。
该降噪耳机包括耳机壳体、主麦克风15、降噪麦克风16和主控芯片。主麦克风15、降噪麦克风16和主控芯片被设置在耳机壳体内。主麦克风15和降噪麦克风16与主控芯片通信连接。主麦克风15用于拾取语音信号，并将该信号发送给主控芯片。主麦克风15不可避免的拾取并发送了噪音信号。降噪麦克风16用于拾取语音信号和周围环境的噪音信号，并将该两种信号发送给主控芯片。主控芯片接收来自主麦克风15和降噪麦克风16的信号，根据降噪算法进行降噪并对语音信号进行加强。
主控芯片还用于将降噪处理后的语音信号发送给移动终端，通过移动终端进行播放。例如，发送给智能手机、平板电脑等。
在本发明中，降噪耳机还包括伸缩部。降噪麦克风16被设置在耳机壳体上。主麦克风15被设置在伸缩部上，伸缩部与耳机壳体滑动连接，以使主麦克风15能靠近和远离用户嘴部。
该降噪耳机包括收纳状态和伸出状态。在收纳状态时，伸缩部缩回以使主麦克风15远离用户嘴部。这种状态适用于环境噪音较弱的情况下使用降噪耳机。例如，室内、车内等情况。在该状态下，由于用户的语音受环境噪音的干扰小，故不需要将主麦克风15靠近用户嘴部即可拾取语音信号。通过拾取该语音信号，降噪耳机可以得到较高的信噪比。
在伸出状态时，伸缩部伸出以使主麦克风15靠近用户嘴部。这种状态适用于噪音较大的环境中，例如，酒吧、农贸市场、机械加工厂等情况。由于伸缩部的伸出使得主麦克风15靠近用户嘴部，故提高了主麦克风15的指向性，使得噪音对语音信号的影响减小。在用户发出语音时，主麦克风15能够更准确的进行拾取，提高了降噪耳机的信噪比。
该降噪耳机，在收纳状态下，由于环境噪音较小，主控芯片采用的第一降噪算法应根据弱噪音进行设置。在伸出状态下，由于环境噪音较大，主控芯片采用的第二降噪算法应根据强噪音进行设置。即在收纳和伸出两个状态下，分别采用不同的降噪算法以达到合理的降噪。
降噪算法为本领域的常规技术手段，本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行第一、第二降噪算法的选择，在此不作详细说明。
图1是根据本发明实施例的伸出状态的降噪耳机的结构示意图。图2是根据本发明实施例的收纳状态的降噪耳机的结构示意图。
在该实施例中，降噪耳机为入耳式无线耳机。耳机壳体为耳塞11。耳塞11的内部具有容纳空间。容纳空间分为后腔12和与后腔12连通的前出音管13。后腔12用于容纳各种元器件，并能提高降噪耳机的低频效果，前出音管13与扬声器(未示出)连通以将声音传出。佩戴时，前出音管13插入耳道中。在后腔12内还设置有电源组件和开关(未示出)。例如，电源组件包括锂离子电池。锂离子电池通过电源管理电路为扬声器、主麦克风15、降噪麦克风16和主控芯片等供电。
该降噪耳机还包括集成有主控芯片的印刷线路板(PCB)。主麦克风15和降噪麦克风16通过印刷线路板与主控芯片通信连接。通过这种方式，大大提高了降噪耳机的集成度，顺应了电子设备小型化、轻薄化的发展趋势。并且，PCB使主麦克风15、降噪麦克风16与主控芯片之间的通信效果更好。
例如，主控芯片可以选用DSP(Digital Signal Process，即数字信号处理技术)芯片，也可以选用其他具有存储功能的芯片，相应的算法程序可以写入该主控芯片内。
在该例子中，伸缩部被配置为能缩进耳机壳体内。例如，伸缩部采用伸缩杆25，在耳塞11内设置有孔道。例如，孔道延伸到后腔12中。伸缩杆25沿孔道滑动。在收纳状态时，伸缩杆25滑进孔道内，主麦克风15嵌入耳塞11的外表面中。此时，降噪耳机的整体规整，外观良好。在伸出状态时，伸缩杆25从孔道内滑出，以使主麦克风15靠近用户嘴部。
在其他示例中，伸缩杆25被设置在耳塞11的外表面上(未示出)，这种方式便于伸缩杆25的安装。
在一个例子中，主麦克风15被设置在伸缩部的末端，降噪麦克风16被设置在耳机壳体的顶部。这样，无论是伸出状态还是收纳状态，主麦克风15和降噪麦克风16之间具有最大的距离，使得降噪耳机的降噪效果好。
在一个例子中，伸缩部被配置为能沿降噪麦克风16与用户嘴部的连线滑动。这样，降噪麦克风16和主麦克风15之间的连线与降噪麦克风16和用户嘴部之间的连线重合，两个连线之间的夹角为零。降噪麦克风16和主麦克风15位于语音的同一条传播路径上，降噪麦克风16拾取的语音信号与主麦克风15拾取的语音信号相比只存在距离上的差异，不存在角度上的差异。这种设置方式与降噪算法的理论角度相契合，从而使降噪耳机的降噪效果最好。
在一个例子中，还包括触发开关，触发开关26被配置为用于识别伸缩部的状态。例如，收纳状态和伸出状态。主控芯片根据所示状态选择降噪算法。例如，如图1和2所示，触发开关26被设置在耳塞11的后腔12一侧，以便于触发。在收纳状态时，触动触发开关26，将主控芯片设置为第一降噪算法；在伸出状态时，触动触发开关26，将主控芯片设置为第二降噪算法。降噪算法的切换十分方便。
在一个例子中，降噪耳机还包括用于驱动伸缩部的驱动装置。驱动装置例如是微型伺服电机，以方便伸缩杆25的伸出和缩回。
在一个例子中，降噪耳机还包括识别装置。识别装置被配置为用于识别所在环境的噪音，并根据噪音音量的大小使伸缩部伸出或者缩回。例如，识别装置包括音量检测芯片，通过该芯片检测周围环境的噪音的音量。
当音量达到或者超过设定值时，主控芯片判断采用伸出状态，并向驱动装置发出控制信号。驱动装置驱动伸缩杆25伸出。并且主控芯片切换至第二降噪算法。
当音量未达到设定值时，主控芯片判断采用收纳状态，并向驱动装置发出控制信号。驱动装置驱动伸缩杆25缩回。并且主控芯片切换至第一降噪算法。
识别装置的设置提高了降噪耳机的自动化程度，使得降噪耳机使用状态的切换更方便。
在一个例子中，降噪耳机还包括传感器。传感器被设置在耳机壳体上，并与主控芯片通信连接。传感器被配置为与用户的耳部接触，以拾取骨传导的语音信号并将该语音信号发送给主控芯片。
例如，如图1和2所示，该传感器17被设置在前出音管13内。当耳塞被插入耳道中时，传感器17与耳道内侧的皮肤24接触。
用户发出语音信号，声带的振动通过骨传导传递至人耳，带动人耳部位毛细血管发生相应变化。然后，传感器17与人耳紧密接触，抬取因语音发声引起的血液信息的变化，并将拾取到的血液信息传递至耳塞内的主控芯片。主控芯片对血液信息进行解析，最终得到用户的语音信号。由于血液信号不会由于外界的强噪声而发生波动，通过传感器17间接获取语音信号，能够确保语音信号的准确传递，避免外界噪声信号对通话质量的影响。
主控芯片对由传感器17拾取的语音信号和由主麦克风拾取的语音信号进行优化，最终得到了准确的语音信号。这种方式提高了语音信号拾取的准确性。主控芯片对该语音信号进行增强，改善了语音效果。
在其他示例中，例如，降噪耳机为头带式耳机或者挂耳式耳机。传感器被设置在耳机壳体的内侧，即靠近耳部的一侧，并与耳道外侧的皮肤接触。同样能有效地拾取骨传导的语音信号。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，提供了一种电子设备。该电子设备包括本发明提供的降噪耳机。该电子设备可以是但不局限于手机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑、收音机、智能手表、智能眼镜、PSP、虚拟现实设备(VR)或增强现实设备(AR)等。
该电子设备具有语音效果好的特点。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种降噪耳机，其特征在于，包括耳机壳体、主麦克风(15)、降噪麦克风(16)和伸缩部，所述降噪麦克风(16)被设置在所述耳机壳体上，所述主麦克风(15)被设置在所述伸缩部上，所述伸缩部与所述耳机壳体滑动连接，以使所述主麦克风(15)能靠近和远离用户嘴部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的降噪耳机，其特征在于，所述伸缩部被配置为能缩进所述耳机壳体内。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的降噪耳机，其特征在于，所述主麦克风(15)被设置在所述伸缩部的末端，所述降噪麦克风(16)被设置在所述耳机壳体的顶部。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中的任意一项所述的降噪耳机，其特征在于，所述伸缩部被配置为能沿所述降噪麦克风(16)与用户的嘴部的连线滑动。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中的任意一项所述的降噪耳机，其特征在于，还包括触发开关(26)，所述触发开关(26)被配置为用于识别所述伸缩部的状态，所述主控芯片根据所述状态选择降噪算法。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中的任意一项所述的降噪耳机，其特征在于，还包括用于驱动所述伸缩部的驱动装置。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中的任意一项所述的降噪耳机，其特征在于，还包括识别装置，所述识别装置被配置为用于识别所在环境的噪音，并根据所述噪音的大小使所述伸缩部伸出或者缩回。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中的任意一项所述的降噪耳机，其特征在于， 还包括传感器(17)，所述传感器(17)被设置在所述耳机壳体上，并与所述主控芯片通信连接，所述传感器(17)被配置为与用户的耳部接触，以拾取骨传导的语音信号并将该语音信号发送给所述主控芯片。
  9. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-8中的任意一项所述的降噪耳机。
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