WO2018141998A1 - System for watering by means of electrically hybridised photovoltaic pumping - Google Patents

System for watering by means of electrically hybridised photovoltaic pumping Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018141998A1
WO2018141998A1 PCT/ES2017/070858 ES2017070858W WO2018141998A1 WO 2018141998 A1 WO2018141998 A1 WO 2018141998A1 ES 2017070858 W ES2017070858 W ES 2017070858W WO 2018141998 A1 WO2018141998 A1 WO 2018141998A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency inverter
irrigation system
solar generator
power
solar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2017/070858
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
José Fernández Ramos
Luis NARVARTE FERNÁNDEZ
Rita HOGAN TEVES DE ALMEIDA
Isaac BARATA CARRELO
Luis Miguel CARRASCO MORENO
Eduardo Lorenzo Pigueiras
Original Assignee
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
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Publication of WO2018141998A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018141998A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16—Control of watering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/006—Solar operated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains mainly to the renewable energy and agriculture sector, and more specifically to water irrigation and pumping systems fed with renewable energy sources, in particular photovoltaic solar panels.
  • the object of the present invention is a photovoltaic pumping irrigation system, electrically hybridized with a conventional electrical supply source (for example, electric network or diesel groups), by means of which it is possible to maximize the use of photovoltaic solar energy.
  • a conventional electrical supply source for example, electric network or diesel groups
  • pumping irrigation systems are widely known, which allow obtaining important advantages, among which are: - guaranteeing the amount of irrigation water needed for crops, when rains are irregular and / or insufficient;
  • the aforementioned technical problem is solved by providing a photovoltaic pumping irrigation system, electrically hybridized with a conventional electrical supply source, either the electricity grid itself, or an diesel, gasoline or gas electric generator, by means of the which is possible to maximize the use of photovoltaic solar energy.
  • the electrically hybridized photovoltaic pumping irrigation system of the present invention comprises: at least one conventional power supply source; at least one PV solar generator; at least one frequency inverter connected to both the power supply and the PV solar generator; and at least one water pump connected to the output of the frequency inverter, and which pours the water into the irrigation network, to which it is connectable.
  • the power supply is connected to an alternating input of the frequency inverter, preferably through a switch; while the PV solar generator is connected to a continuous bus of the frequency inverter through an electronic semiconductor device, preferably a diode connected in direct polarization, adapted to allow the passage of electric current in a single direction towards the inverter frequency.
  • the irrigation system of the invention comprises at least one control unit that has an algorithm for monitoring the maximum power point of the PV solar generator.
  • the PV solar generator is sized such that it is capable of delivering the power demanded by the water pump from a certain value of solar irradiance, and such that its voltage at the point of maximum power is greater than DC voltage imposed by the conventional power supply on the DC bus of the frequency inverter.
  • the beneficial joint action obtained from the correct dimensioning of the PV solar generator, the incorporation of diodes that protect the circuit and prevent the flow of current to the PV generator, and the inclusion of a maximum power point tracking algorithm in the control unit that regulates and monitors the frequency inverter makes it possible that, in the case of sufficient solar irradiance, a voltage on the continuous bus is established that is higher than that imposed by the conventional power supply, which in the end allows the maximum power of the PV solar generator to be extracted, even when there is a connection to the power supply, thus maximizing the photovoltaic energy contribution.
  • the control unit when there is sufficient solar irradiance to power the water pump exclusively by means of the PV solar generator, all the power needed by the water pump is supplied by said PV solar generator, while the power delivered by the conventional electrical supply source is void
  • the control unit by means of its algorithm for monitoring the maximum power point, establishes the DC voltage corresponding to the maximum power of the PV solar generator in the operating conditions of the frequency inverter under the operating conditions (solar irradiance and temperature) existing. Since this voltage is higher than the value corresponding to the voltage that the network would impose on the DC bus, the diode rectifier bridge located at the input stage of the frequency inverter prevents power flow from the PV generator to the power grid. .
  • the conventional power supply will provide the complementary power and impose its voltage on the DC bus of the frequency inverter.
  • the PV solar generator will provide the power corresponding to that DC voltage and to the solar irradiance of that moment.
  • the installation of semiconductor electronic devices (diodes) prevents the flow of electric current from the conventional power supply to the PV solar generator in these low or zero irradiance conditions, thus guaranteeing the protection of the PV generator.
  • Figure 1. Shows a schematic view of the pumping irrigation system photovoltaic hybridized electrically according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 A preferred embodiment of the irrigation system (1) by electrically hybridized photovoltaic pumping object of the invention can be seen in Figure 1, which comprises:
  • control unit (70) that has implemented an algorithm for monitoring the maximum power point of the PV solar generator (20); where the mains (10) is connected to the alternating input (31) of each of the frequency inverters (30) through, in this case, simple ON / OFF switches (50); and where the PV solar generator (20) is connected to the DC buses (32) of the frequency inverters (30) through electronic semiconductor devices (60) configured to allow the passage of electric current in a single direction towards the frequency inverter (30), but never in the opposite direction, thus protecting the PV solar generator (20), in this embodiment being a pair of diodes connected in direct polarization, as shown in figure 1.
  • the PV solar generator (20) is sized so that it is capable of delivering the power demanded by the water pumps (40) from a certain value of solar irradiance, such that its voltage at the point of maximum power is greater than the DC voltage imposed by the mains (10) on the DC bus (32) of the frequency inverter (30).
  • the irrigation system (1) described here basically contemplates two modes of operation: a) In a first mode of operation, when sufficient PV power is available to drive the two water pumps (40), the power grid (10 ) does not provide any power. This null contribution of power from the mains (10), allows the control unit (70) to order that the voltage of the continuous bus (32) of the frequency inverter (30) corresponds to the maximum power of the PV solar generator (20) using the maximum power point tracking algorithm. In addition, the diode bridge of the rectifier stage of the frequency inverter (30) prevents current flow from the PV solar generator (20) to the power grid (10).
  • the power grid (10) will provide the complementary power, imposing its voltage on the continuous bus (32) of the frequency inverter (30).
  • the PV generator will provide the power corresponding to this DC voltage, and the diodes (60) installed between the PV solar generator (20) and the DC bus (32) of the frequency inverter (30) will prevent current flow between the mains (10) and the frequency inverter (30).
  • Figure 1 shows that the water pumps (40) have inlet ducts and outlet (41, 42) for connection to water injection and ejection points respectively from the irrigation network (R).
  • control unit (70) consists in this example of an PLC programmable automaton, external and independent of the frequency inverter (30), connected to the control of the frequency inverters (30) .
  • control unit (70) may be the internal control of the frequency inverter (30) itself.
  • the electrically hybridized photovoltaic pumping irrigation system (1) of the present invention allows maximizing the use of photovoltaic solar energy, where the PV solar generator (20) works at its maximum power point when there is sufficient irradiance so that said PV solar generator (20) provides all the power needed by the water pumps (40), while preventing the network from establishing the voltage of the DC bus (32)) of the frequency inverter (30) which, normally, It is not the maximum power point voltage of the PV solar generator (20).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a watering system that maximises the use of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy, an electrical grid (10) being connected to the AC entrance (31) of a variable-frequency drive (30) and a PV solar generator (20) being connected to a DC bus (32) of the variable-frequency drive (30) by means of a diode (60) designed to allow electricity to pass in a single direction to the variable-frequency drive (30). According to the invention, the watering system (1) further comprises at least one control unit (70) having an algorithm for tracking the point of maximum power of the PV solar generator (20), the PV solar generator (20) being sized to deliver the power demanded by a water pump (40), such the the voltage at the maximum power point is greater than the DC voltage imposed by the electrical grid (10) on the DC bus (32) of the variable-frequency drive (30).

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN  DESCRIPTION
SISTEMA DE RIEGO POR BOMBEO FOTOVOLTAICO HIBRIDADOHYBRID PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
ELÉCTRICAMENTE ELECTRICALLY
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención pertenece principalmente al sector de las energías renovables y la agricultura, y más concretamente a sistemas de riego y bombeo de agua alimentados con fuentes de energía renovables, en particular paneles solares fotovoltaicos.  The present invention pertains mainly to the renewable energy and agriculture sector, and more specifically to water irrigation and pumping systems fed with renewable energy sources, in particular photovoltaic solar panels.
El objeto de la presente invención es un sistema de riego por bombeo fotovoltaico, hibridado eléctricamente con una fuente de suministro eléctrico convencional (por ejemplo, red eléctrica o grupos diésel), mediante el cual es posible maximizar el aprovechamiento de la energía solar fotovoltaica. The object of the present invention is a photovoltaic pumping irrigation system, electrically hybridized with a conventional electrical supply source (for example, electric network or diesel groups), by means of which it is possible to maximize the use of photovoltaic solar energy.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En la actualidad, son ampliamente conocidos los sistemas de riego por bombeo, lo cuales permiten obtener importantes ventajas, entre las que se encuentran: - garantizar la cantidad de agua de riego necesaria para los cultivos, cuando las lluvias son irregulares y/o insuficientes;  At present, pumping irrigation systems are widely known, which allow obtaining important advantages, among which are: - guaranteeing the amount of irrigation water needed for crops, when rains are irregular and / or insufficient;
- reducir la dependencia de los agricultores del sistema de riego por gravedad, especialmente cuando el riego por gravedad no es posible o los turnos de riego por gravedad no son fiables, son insuficientes, se demoran demasiado o no permiten regar con la debida frecuencia; y  - reduce the dependence of farmers on the gravity irrigation system, especially when gravity irrigation is not possible or gravity irrigation shifts are not reliable, are insufficient, are delayed too much or do not allow irrigation with due frequency; Y
- asegurar la posibilidad de riego durante todo el año, ya que muchos sistemas de riego por gravedad suministran agua sólo durante ciertos meses del año.  - ensure the possibility of irrigation throughout the year, since many gravity irrigation systems supply water only during certain months of the year.
Respecto a los sistemas de riego híbridos, actualmente la hibridación entre las fuentes de suministro eléctrico convencionales y los generadores solares fotovoltaicos FV se viene realizando mediante la conexión directa del generador FV al bus de continua del variador de frecuencia sin ninguna otra consideración. Esta circunstancia tiene el gran inconveniente de que obliga al generador FV a trabajar a la tensión de continua DC impuesta por la fuente de suministro eléctrico convencional, la cual generalmente no es la tensión a la que el generador FV puede entregar su máxima potencia. Esto provoca por tanto que los actuales sistemas híbridos de riego estén desaprovechando una parte importante de la potencia que podrían aportar los generadores FV. With regard to hybrid irrigation systems, currently hybridization between conventional power supplies and PV solar photovoltaic generators has been carried out by direct connection of the PV generator to the frequency bus's continuous bus without any other consideration. This circumstance has the great disadvantage that it forces the PV generator to work at the DC voltage imposed by the conventional power supply, which is generally not the voltage at which the PV generator can deliver its maximum power. This causes by so much so that the current hybrid irrigation systems are wasting an important part of the power that PV generators could provide.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Mediante la presente invención se soluciona el problema técnico anteriormente planteado proporcionando un sistema de riego por bombeo fotovoltaico, hibridado eléctricamente con una fuente de suministro eléctrico convencional, ya sea la propia red eléctrica, o un generador eléctrico de diésel, gasolina o gas, mediante el cual es posible maximizar el aprovechamiento de la energía solar fotovoltaica. By means of the present invention, the aforementioned technical problem is solved by providing a photovoltaic pumping irrigation system, electrically hybridized with a conventional electrical supply source, either the electricity grid itself, or an diesel, gasoline or gas electric generator, by means of the which is possible to maximize the use of photovoltaic solar energy.
El sistema de riego por bombeo fotovoltaico hibridado eléctricamente de la presente invención comprende: al menos una fuente de suministro eléctrico convencional; al menos un generador solar FV; al menos un variador de frecuencia conectado tanto a la fuente de suministro eléctrico como al generador solar FV; y al menos una bomba de agua conectada a la salida del variador de frecuencia, y que vierte el agua a la red de riego, a la cual es conectable. The electrically hybridized photovoltaic pumping irrigation system of the present invention comprises: at least one conventional power supply source; at least one PV solar generator; at least one frequency inverter connected to both the power supply and the PV solar generator; and at least one water pump connected to the output of the frequency inverter, and which pours the water into the irrigation network, to which it is connectable.
Más concretamente, la fuente de suministro eléctrico se encuentra conectada a una entrada de alterna del variador de frecuencia, preferentemente a través de un interruptor; mientras que el generador solar FV se encuentra conectado a un bus de continua del variador de frecuencia a través de un dispositivo semiconductor electrónico, preferentemente un diodo conectado en polarización directa, adaptado para permitir el paso de corriente eléctrica en un único sentido hacia el variador de frecuencia. Además, el sistema de riego de la invención comprende al menos una unidad de control que tiene implementado un algoritmo de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia del generador solar FV. More specifically, the power supply is connected to an alternating input of the frequency inverter, preferably through a switch; while the PV solar generator is connected to a continuous bus of the frequency inverter through an electronic semiconductor device, preferably a diode connected in direct polarization, adapted to allow the passage of electric current in a single direction towards the inverter frequency. In addition, the irrigation system of the invention comprises at least one control unit that has an algorithm for monitoring the maximum power point of the PV solar generator.
Por otra parte, el generador solar FV se encuentra dimensionado tal que es capaz de entregar la potencia demandada por la bomba de agua a partir de un determinado valor de irradiancia solar, y tal que su tensión en el punto de máxima potencia es mayor que la tensión DC impuesta por la fuente de suministro eléctrico convencional en el bus de continua del variador de frecuencia. De esta manera, la acción conjunta beneficiosa obtenida del correcto dimensionado del generador solar FV, la incorporación de unos diodos que protegen el circuito y evitan el flujo de corriente hacia el generador FV, y la inclusión de un algoritmo de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia en la unidad de control que regula y monitoriza el variador de frecuencia, hace posible que, en caso de existir suficiente irradiancia solar, se establezca una tensión en el bus de continua superior a la que impone la fuente de suministro eléctrico convencional, lo que permite a fin de cuentas extraer la máxima potencia del generador solar FV, aun existiendo conexión a la fuente de suministro eléctrico, maximizando así el aporte energético fotovoltaico. Así, cuando existe irradiancia solar suficiente para alimentar la bomba de agua exclusivamente mediante el generador solar FV, toda la potencia necesaria por la bomba de agua es suministrada por dicho generador solar FV, mientras que la potencia entregada por la fuente de suministro eléctrico convencional es nula. En estas condiciones, la unidad de control, mediante su algoritmo de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia, establece en el bus de continua del variador de frecuencia la tensión DC correspondiente a la máxima potencia del generador solar FV en las condiciones de operación (irradiancia solar y temperatura) existentes. Al ser esta tensión superior al valor correspondiente a la tensión que impondría la red en el bus de continua, el puente rectificador de diodos ubicado en la etapa de entrada del variador de frecuencia impide que haya flujo de potencia desde el generador FV hacia la red eléctrica. On the other hand, the PV solar generator is sized such that it is capable of delivering the power demanded by the water pump from a certain value of solar irradiance, and such that its voltage at the point of maximum power is greater than DC voltage imposed by the conventional power supply on the DC bus of the frequency inverter. In this way, the beneficial joint action obtained from the correct dimensioning of the PV solar generator, the incorporation of diodes that protect the circuit and prevent the flow of current to the PV generator, and the inclusion of a maximum power point tracking algorithm in the control unit that regulates and monitors the frequency inverter , makes it possible that, in the case of sufficient solar irradiance, a voltage on the continuous bus is established that is higher than that imposed by the conventional power supply, which in the end allows the maximum power of the PV solar generator to be extracted, even when there is a connection to the power supply, thus maximizing the photovoltaic energy contribution. Thus, when there is sufficient solar irradiance to power the water pump exclusively by means of the PV solar generator, all the power needed by the water pump is supplied by said PV solar generator, while the power delivered by the conventional electrical supply source is void Under these conditions, the control unit, by means of its algorithm for monitoring the maximum power point, establishes the DC voltage corresponding to the maximum power of the PV solar generator in the operating conditions of the frequency inverter under the operating conditions (solar irradiance and temperature) existing. Since this voltage is higher than the value corresponding to the voltage that the network would impose on the DC bus, the diode rectifier bridge located at the input stage of the frequency inverter prevents power flow from the PV generator to the power grid. .
En cambio, cuando no existe suficiente irradiancia solar para suministrar únicamente mediante el generador solar FV toda la potencia demandada por la bomba de agua, por ejemplo debido al paso de nubes en ese momento, o porque se está al comienzo o al final del día, la fuente de suministro eléctrico convencional proveerá la potencia complementaria e impondrá su tensión en el bus de continua del variador de frecuencia. Así, el generador solar FV aportará la potencia correspondiente a esa tensión DC y a la irradiancia solar de ese instante. Por otro lado, la instalación de los dispositivos electrónicos semiconductores (diodos) impide que haya flujo de corriente eléctrica desde la fuente de suministro eléctrico convencional al generador solar FV en estas condiciones de irradiancia baja o nula, garantizando así la protección del generador FV. However, when there is not enough solar irradiance to supply only through the PV solar generator all the power demanded by the water pump, for example due to the passing of clouds at that time, or because it is at the beginning or at the end of the day, The conventional power supply will provide the complementary power and impose its voltage on the DC bus of the frequency inverter. Thus, the PV solar generator will provide the power corresponding to that DC voltage and to the solar irradiance of that moment. On the other hand, the installation of semiconductor electronic devices (diodes) prevents the flow of electric current from the conventional power supply to the PV solar generator in these low or zero irradiance conditions, thus guaranteeing the protection of the PV generator.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de la misma, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: Figura 1.- Muestra una vista esquemática del sistema de riego por bombeo fotovoltaico hibridado eléctricamente de acuerdo con una realización preferente de la invención. To complement the description being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to an example Preferably, the practical implementation thereof is accompanied as an integral part of said description, a set of drawings where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented: Figure 1.- Shows a schematic view of the pumping irrigation system photovoltaic hybridized electrically according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Se describe a continuación un ejemplo de realización preferente haciendo mención a la figura arriba citada, sin que ello limite o reduzca el ámbito de protección de la presente invención. An example of a preferred embodiment is described below with reference to the aforementioned figure, without limiting or reducing the scope of protection of the present invention.
En la figura 1 se puede apreciar una realización preferente del sistema de riego (1) por bombeo fotovoltaico hibridado eléctricamente objeto de la invención, el cual comprende: A preferred embodiment of the irrigation system (1) by electrically hybridized photovoltaic pumping object of the invention can be seen in Figure 1, which comprises:
- una fuente de suministro eléctrico (10) convencional, que en este caso es la propia red eléctrica; - a conventional power supply (10), which in this case is the power grid itself;
- al menos un generador solar FV (20);  - at least one PV solar generator (20);
- dos variadores de frecuencia (30) de iguales características;  - two frequency inverters (30) of the same characteristics;
- dos bombas de agua (40), en este caso motobombas (MB), conectadas a la salida de los variadores de frecuencia (30), siendo estas bombas de aguas (40) conectables a su vez a la red de riego (R) correspondiente en cada caso para la impulsión de agua;  - two water pumps (40), in this case motor pumps (MB), connected to the output of the frequency inverters (30), these water pumps (40) being in turn connectable to the irrigation network (R) corresponding in each case for the water supply;
- una unidad de control (70) que tiene implementado un algoritmo de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia del generador solar FV (20); donde la red eléctrica (10) se encuentra conectada a la entrada de alterna (31) de cada uno de los variadores de frecuencia (30) a través, en este caso, de unos interruptores (50) simples ON/OFF; y donde el generador solar FV (20) se encuentra conectado a los buses de continua (32) de los variadores de frecuencia (30) a través de unos dispositivos semiconductores electrónicos (60) configurados para permitir el paso de corriente eléctrica en un único sentido hacia el variador de frecuencia (30), pero nunca en sentido contrario, protegiendo así al generador solar FV (20), siendo en este ejemplo de realización un par de diodos conectados en polarización directa, tal y como se muestra en la figura 1. - a control unit (70) that has implemented an algorithm for monitoring the maximum power point of the PV solar generator (20); where the mains (10) is connected to the alternating input (31) of each of the frequency inverters (30) through, in this case, simple ON / OFF switches (50); and where the PV solar generator (20) is connected to the DC buses (32) of the frequency inverters (30) through electronic semiconductor devices (60) configured to allow the passage of electric current in a single direction towards the frequency inverter (30), but never in the opposite direction, thus protecting the PV solar generator (20), in this embodiment being a pair of diodes connected in direct polarization, as shown in figure 1.
Además, el generador solar FV (20) está dimensionado de modo que es capaz de entregar la potencia demandada por las bombas de agua (40) a partir de un determinado valor de irradiancia solar, tal que su tensión en el punto de máxima potencia es mayor que la tensión DC impuesta por la red eléctrica (10) en el bus de continua (32) del variador de frecuencia (30). In addition, the PV solar generator (20) is sized so that it is capable of delivering the power demanded by the water pumps (40) from a certain value of solar irradiance, such that its voltage at the point of maximum power is greater than the DC voltage imposed by the mains (10) on the DC bus (32) of the frequency inverter (30).
Por tanto, el sistema de riego (1) aquí descrito contempla básicamente dos modos de funcionamiento: a) En un primer modo de funcionamiento, cuando se dispone suficiente potencia FV para accionar las dos bombas de agua (40), la red eléctrica (10) no aporta ninguna potencia. Este aporte nulo de potencia desde la red eléctrica (10), permite que la unidad de control (70) ordene que la tensión del bus de continua (32) del variador de frecuencia (30) sea la que corresponde a la de máxima potencia del generador solar FV (20) mediante el algoritmo de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia. Además, el puente de diodos de la etapa rectificadora del variador de frecuencia (30) impide que haya flujo de corriente desde el generador solar FV (20) hacia la red eléctrica (10). b) En un segundo modo de funcionamiento, cuando no se dispone de suficiente potencia FV para accionar las dos bombas de agua (40), la red eléctrica (10) aportará la potencia complementaria, imponiendo su tensión en el bus de continua (32) del variador de frecuencia (30). El generador FV aportará la potencia que corresponda a esta tensión DC, y los diodos (60) instalados entre el generador solar FV (20) y el bus de continua (32) del variador de frecuencia (30) evitarán que haya flujo de corriente entre la red eléctrica (10) y el variador de frecuencia (30). Therefore, the irrigation system (1) described here basically contemplates two modes of operation: a) In a first mode of operation, when sufficient PV power is available to drive the two water pumps (40), the power grid (10 ) does not provide any power. This null contribution of power from the mains (10), allows the control unit (70) to order that the voltage of the continuous bus (32) of the frequency inverter (30) corresponds to the maximum power of the PV solar generator (20) using the maximum power point tracking algorithm. In addition, the diode bridge of the rectifier stage of the frequency inverter (30) prevents current flow from the PV solar generator (20) to the power grid (10). b) In a second mode of operation, when there is not enough PV power to drive the two water pumps (40), the power grid (10) will provide the complementary power, imposing its voltage on the continuous bus (32) of the frequency inverter (30). The PV generator will provide the power corresponding to this DC voltage, and the diodes (60) installed between the PV solar generator (20) and the DC bus (32) of the frequency inverter (30) will prevent current flow between the mains (10) and the frequency inverter (30).
De esta manera, cuando hay suficiente irradiancia solar, se extrae la máxima potencia del generador solar FV (20) y, cuando no hay suficiente, el generador solar FV (20) sigue aportando potencia. Así, se maximiza la contribución de energía solar fotovoltaica en el sistema hibridado eléctricamente. In this way, when there is sufficient solar irradiance, the maximum power of the PV solar generator (20) is extracted and, when there is not enough, the PV solar generator (20) continues to provide power. Thus, the contribution of photovoltaic solar energy in the electrically hybridized system is maximized.
En la figura 1 se aprecia que las bombas de agua (40) disponen de conductos de entrada y salida (41 , 42) para su conexión a puntos de inyección y expulsión de agua respectivamente de la red de riego (R). Figure 1 shows that the water pumps (40) have inlet ducts and outlet (41, 42) for connection to water injection and ejection points respectively from the irrigation network (R).
Con respecto a la fuente de suministro eléctrico (10) convencional, se ha contemplado igualmente la posibilidad de que ésta puede consistir en un generador eléctrico, ya sea diésel, de gas o de gasolina. With respect to the conventional power supply (10), the possibility that it may consist of an electric generator, whether diesel, gas or gasoline, has also been contemplated.
Asimismo, en la figura 1 se observa que la unidad de control (70) consiste en este ejemplo de realización en un autómata programable PLC, externo e independiente del variador de frecuencia (30), conectado al control de los variadores de frecuencia (30). No obstante, se ha previsto que la unidad de control (70) puede ser el propio control interno del variador de frecuencia (30). Likewise, in figure 1 it can be seen that the control unit (70) consists in this example of an PLC programmable automaton, external and independent of the frequency inverter (30), connected to the control of the frequency inverters (30) . However, it is envisioned that the control unit (70) may be the internal control of the frequency inverter (30) itself.
Por tanto, el sistema de riego (1) por bombeo fotovoltaico hibridado eléctricamente de la presente invención permite maximizar el aprovechamiento de la energía solar fotovoltaica, donde el generador solar FV (20) trabaja en su punto de máxima potencia cuando hay irradiancia suficiente para que dicho generador solar FV (20) aporte toda la potencia que necesitan las bombas de agua (40), evitando al mismo tiempo que la red establezca la tensión del bus de continua (32)) del variador de frecuencia (30) que, normalmente, no es la tensión del punto de máxima potencia del generador solar FV (20). Therefore, the electrically hybridized photovoltaic pumping irrigation system (1) of the present invention allows maximizing the use of photovoltaic solar energy, where the PV solar generator (20) works at its maximum power point when there is sufficient irradiance so that said PV solar generator (20) provides all the power needed by the water pumps (40), while preventing the network from establishing the voltage of the DC bus (32)) of the frequency inverter (30) which, normally, It is not the maximum power point voltage of the PV solar generator (20).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Sistema de riego (1) por bombeo fotovoltaico hibridado eléctricamente, que comprende: al menos una fuente de suministro eléctrico (10) convencional; al menos un generador solar FV (20); al menos un variador de frecuencia (30) conectado tanto a la fuente de suministro eléctrico (10) como al generador solar FV (20); y al menos una bomba de agua (40) conectada a la salida del variador de frecuencia (30), siendo dicha bomba de agua (40) conectable asimismo a la red de riego (R); caracterizado por que: 1. - Irrigation system (1) by electrically hybridized photovoltaic pumping, comprising: at least one conventional power supply (10); at least one PV solar generator (20); at least one frequency inverter (30) connected to both the power supply (10) and the PV solar generator (20); and at least one water pump (40) connected to the output of the frequency inverter (30), said water pump (40) being also connectable to the irrigation network (R); characterized by:
- la fuente de suministro eléctrico (10) se encuentra conectada a una entrada de alterna (31) del variador de frecuencia (30);  - the power supply (10) is connected to an alternating input (31) of the frequency inverter (30);
- el generador solar FV (20) se encuentra conectado a un bus de continua (32) del variador de frecuencia (30) a través de un dispositivo semiconductor electrónico (60) adaptado para permitir el paso de corriente eléctrica en un único sentido hacia el variador de frecuencia (30);  - the PV solar generator (20) is connected to a DC bus (32) of the frequency inverter (30) through an electronic semiconductor device (60) adapted to allow the passage of electric current in a single direction towards the frequency inverter (30);
- donde el sistema de riego (1) comprende además al menos una unidad de control - where the irrigation system (1) also comprises at least one control unit
(70) que tiene implementado un algoritmo de seguimiento del punto de máxima potencia del generador solar FV (20); y (70) which has implemented a tracking algorithm for the maximum power point of the PV solar generator (20); Y
- donde el generador solar FV (20) se encuentra dimensionado tal que es capaz de entregar la potencia demandada por la bomba de agua (40) a partir de un determinado valor de irradiancia solar, y tal que su tensión en el punto de máxima potencia es mayor que la tensión DC impuesta por la fuente de suministro eléctrico (10) en el bus de continua (32) del variador de frecuencia (30).  - where the PV solar generator (20) is sized such that it is capable of delivering the power demanded by the water pump (40) from a certain value of solar irradiance, and such that its voltage at the point of maximum power It is greater than the DC voltage imposed by the power supply (10) on the DC bus (32) of the frequency inverter (30).
2. - Sistema de riego (1) de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que el dispositivo semiconductor electrónico (60) es un diodo conectado en polarización directa. 2. - Irrigation system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic semiconductor device (60) is a diode connected in direct polarization.
3. - Sistema de riego (1) de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado por que la fuente de suministro eléctrico (10) es la red general eléctrica. 3. - Irrigation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical supply source (10) is the general electrical network.
4. - Sistema de riego (1) de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores 1-2, caracterizado por que la fuente de suministro eléctrico (10) es un generador eléctrico diésel, de gas o de gasolina. 4. - Irrigation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-2, characterized in that the power supply (10) is a diesel, gas or gasoline electric generator.
5. - Sistema de riego (1) de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que la unidad de control (70) es el propio control interno del variador de frecuencia (30). 5. - Irrigation system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit (70) is the internal control of the frequency inverter (30) itself.
6.- Sistema de riego (1) de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-4, caracterizado por que la unidad de control (70) es un autómata programable PLC, externo e independiente del variador de frecuencia (30), conectado al control interno del variador de frecuencia (30). 6. Irrigation system (1) according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the control unit (70) is a PLC programmable automaton, external and independent of the frequency inverter (30), connected to the internal control of the frequency inverter (30).
7 - Sistema de riego (1) de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado por que comprende dos variadores de frecuencia (30) de similares características, conectados a su salida a un par de bombas de agua (40). 7 - Irrigation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two frequency inverters (30) of similar characteristics, connected at its outlet to a pair of water pumps (40).
8.- Sistema de riego (1) de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado por que la red eléctrica (10) se encuentra conectada a la entradas de alterna (31) de cada uno de los variadores de frecuencia (30) a través de unos interruptores (50) simples ON/OFF. 8. Irrigation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the power grid (10) is connected to the alternating inputs (31) of each of the frequency inverters (30) through simple switches (50) ON / OFF.
PCT/ES2017/070858 2017-02-06 2017-12-28 System for watering by means of electrically hybridised photovoltaic pumping WO2018141998A1 (en)

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