WO2018129884A1 - 电池均衡采样方法 - Google Patents

电池均衡采样方法 Download PDF

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WO2018129884A1
WO2018129884A1 PCT/CN2017/092323 CN2017092323W WO2018129884A1 WO 2018129884 A1 WO2018129884 A1 WO 2018129884A1 CN 2017092323 W CN2017092323 W CN 2017092323W WO 2018129884 A1 WO2018129884 A1 WO 2018129884A1
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sampling
period
equalization
battery
voltage
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杜吉鸣
成勇
赵昂
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries

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  • the invention belongs to the field of batteries, and more particularly to a method for equalizing sampling of batteries.
  • the battery equalization sampling circuit includes an equalization driving circuit 1, an equalization diagnosis circuit 2, an equalization resistor 4, an equalization execution switch 5, and sampling lines 3, 6.
  • the reason why the above-mentioned battery equalization sampling circuit generates an error is that after the battery equalization is turned on, the existence of the equalization loop current I1 causes the line resistance of the detection points V2 to V5; the voltage drop of the detection point V5 depends on the equalization. The size of the loop current I1. Obviously, when the battery is balanced, the voltage at the detection point V5 will be lower than V2, and the voltage at the detection point V4 will be higher than V1.
  • the voltage between the detection points V1 and V2 cannot directly correspond to the voltages of the detection points V4 to V5. Therefore, there is a large measurement error in detecting the voltage of the online car battery when the battery is balanced.
  • the magnitude of the measurement error depends on the current flowing through the equalization resistor 4. In order to eliminate the pressure drop when the equalization is turned on, it needs to be realized by compensation or other measures.
  • the current equalization sampling method ignores the detection error and directly allows the existence of the error, so that the voltage detection accuracy is low.
  • Another method of equalization sampling is to measure and calibrate the resistance in the wire loop, and increase the standard amount during the test to correct the battery voltage.
  • the current at the time of equalization will be different, the compensated voltage will change with the change of the battery voltage, and the compensation can only be performed at a single point or a specific area, and the sampling voltage is calibrated by single or multi-point calibration. Make corrections. Obviously, this kind of compensation can't achieve full compensation.
  • the existing battery equalization sampling method has at least the following problems: First, it has a great influence on the core function of the battery management system, the voltage detection accuracy; second, it is difficult to accurately calibrate the pressure drop.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a battery equalization sampling method capable of eliminating detection errors caused by equalization currents.
  • the present invention provides a battery equalization sampling method, which includes the following steps:
  • Step one obtaining a system-level voltage sampling total period Ta
  • Step 2 determining the ADC voltage sampling time Tb and the filter capacitor stable depreciation time Tc;
  • step 4 a switching strategy is formulated according to Tc, Tb, and Td, and the untwisting period, the sampling period, and the equalization period are sequentially arranged in a loop.
  • the ADC voltage sampling time Tb is determined by obtaining a comparison table of sampling accuracy and sampling speed of the A/D system.
  • the filter capacitor stable decoupling time Tc is calculated by obtaining a filter capacitor C in the sampling circuit.
  • the step 4 includes the following steps:
  • the entire cell voltage sampling period Ta is divided into minimum time slices, and the untwisting period, the sampling period, and the equalization period are sequentially arranged in order;
  • the minimum time slice is determined by the minimum time of the cell voltage sampling periods Ta and Tb, Td, Tc.
  • the minimum time slice is 10 ms.
  • the formulating the switching strategy to perform the untwisting period, the sampling period, and the equalization period according to time include:
  • the sum of the untwisting period and the sampling period duration is less than the duration of the equalization period.
  • the time division ratio of the untwisting period, the sampling period, and the equalization period is 1:1:8.
  • the duty ratio of the battery equalization switch is set to be 1% to 99%.
  • the present invention re-allocates the total period of the voltage sampling, and satisfies the sampling, equalization, and stable periods in a time-sharing manner to meet the requirements of the sampling time of the customer, thereby avoiding the voltage detection error caused by the battery equalization. Improve the detection accuracy, suitable for battery equalization and simultaneous sampling detection in hybrid vehicles.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a conventional battery equalization sampling circuit.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of sampling error principle of the existing battery equalization sampling circuit.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a battery equalization sampling method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of an equalization sampling period allocation of the battery equalization sampling method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of one embodiment of a battery equalization sampling method of the present invention.
  • the inventors of the present invention have intensively studied the equalization sampling circuit, and found that the compensation control is increased and the compensation precision is improved, so as to eliminate various factors affecting the voltage and achieve high precision. Compensation, in the objective battery, circuit device process parameters, and environmental differences, the entire process, high-precision compensation circuit design is almost impossible to achieve the ideal goal.
  • the basic improvement idea of the invention is that the angle of error quantification is jumped out, and the problem is solved from the perspective of time, that is, the period of stabilization, sampling and equalization is performed by time division, and the influence of the equalization current on the voltage detection is effectively avoided, so as to improve the detection precision.
  • the battery equalization sampling method of the present invention includes the following steps.
  • step 11 a system-level voltage sampling total period Ta is obtained.
  • the total voltage sampling period Ta is a technical indicator preset according to customer requirements and is a known value.
  • step 13 the ADC voltage sampling time Tb and the filter capacitor stable depreciation time Tc are determined. Specifically, the ADC voltage sampling time Tb is determined by obtaining a comparison table between the sampling accuracy and the sampling speed of the A/D system, and the filter capacitor stable decoupling time Tc is calculated by obtaining the filter capacitor C in the sampling circuit (because the adopted low).
  • the calculation method of the pass filter has been known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here.
  • Step 17 formulating a switching strategy according to Tc, Tb, and Td, and sequentially scheduling the untwisting period, the sampling period, and the equalization period, as shown in FIG. Specifically, this step includes:
  • the minimum time slice is determined by the minimum time of the cell voltage sampling period Ta and Tb, Td, Tc (Td is usually larger, so actually take the smaller value of Tb, Tc), for example
  • Ta is 100 ms
  • Tb and Tc are both 10 ms
  • the minimum time slice is 10 ms.
  • the entire cell voltage sampling period Ta is divided into minimum time slices, and the untwisting period, the sampling period, and the equalization period are sequentially arranged in order. Specifically, the sum of the untwisting period and the sampling period duration is less than the duration of the equalization period. For example, the ratio of the length of the untwisting period, the sampling period, and the equalization period is 1:1:8.
  • the ADC timing voltage sampling is set, and the voltage of the battery is sampled during the ADC voltage sampling period; after the sampling period ends, the battery equalization switch is turned on to perform voltage equalization.
  • the duty ratio of the battery equalization switch is set to 50%, in other embodiments, the duty ratio of the battery equalization switch may be set to any of 1 to 99%. Value (as long as there is a time interval).
  • the present invention re-allocates the total period of the voltage sampling, and satisfies the sampling, equalization, and stable cycles in a time-sharing manner to meet the requirements of the customer sampling time, thereby avoiding the battery.
  • the voltage detection error caused by the equalization improves the detection accuracy and is suitable for battery equalization simultaneous sampling detection in a hybrid vehicle.
  • the battery equalization sampling method of the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池均衡采样方法，其包括：步骤一，获得系统级的电压采样总周期Ta（11）；步骤二，确定ADC电压采样时间Tb和滤波电容稳定退藕时间Tc（13）；步骤三，计算允许电池电压均衡开启时间Td，公式为：Td＝Ta-Tb-Tc（15）；步骤四，根据Tc、Tb、Td制定开关策略，依次循环安排退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期（17）。与现有技术相比，该方法通过对电压采样总周期进行重新分配，在满足客户采样时间的要求下，分时进行采样、均衡、稳定等周期，避免了电池均衡时导致的电压检测误差，提高了检测精度，适用于混合动力汽车中的电池均衡同时采样检测。

Description

电池均衡采样方法 技术领域
本发明属于电池领域，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种电池均衡采样方法。
背景技术
由于电池能量和端电压的限制，实际应用中通常需要采用多个电池进行串、并联组合来达到较高的电压和较大的能量。而由于电池特性的高度非线性，同时电池组中众多电池之间存在制造工艺、材质、使用环境、接线方式等差异，单个电池之间存在容量、端电压和内阻的不一致在所难免；在长期的充放电过程中，单个电池之间不一致性的加剧，会导致整组电池容量的快速衰减，甚至会导致个别电池因过充电和过放电而损坏。因此在电池的串并联使用中，需要对一起使用的各单个电池进行均衡。但是，由于均衡电路以及采样线的存在，电池的电压在均衡开启时会有误差。
请参阅图1和图2，在现有汽车电池管理系统(BMS)中，电池均衡采样电路包括均衡驱动电路1、均衡诊断电路2、均衡电阻4、均衡执行开关5和采样线3、6。如图2所示，上述电池均衡采样电路采样时产生误差的原因为：在电池均衡开启后，均衡回路电流I1的存在使检测点V2至V5存在线阻；检测点V5的压降取决于均衡回路电流I1的大小。显然，当电池均衡开启时，检测点V5的电压会低于V2，检测点V4的电压会高于V1。此时，检测点V1与V2之间的电压无法直接对应到检测点V4至V5的电压。所以，在电池均衡开启时检测在线汽车电池的电压会存在较大的测量误差，测量误差的大小取决于流过均衡电阻4的电流。为了消除均衡开启时的压降，则需要通过补偿或其他措施实现。
目前的均衡采样方法有的忽略检测误差，直接允许误差的存在，以致于电压检测精度较低。还有一种均衡采样方法是通过对导线回路中的电阻进行测量与标定，在检测时增加标定量，以修正电池电压。但是，由于电池电压不同，均衡时的电流会有差异，补偿的电压随电池电压的改变而改变，而补偿只能在单个点或某个特定区域进行，通过单点或多点标定对采样电压做修正。显然，这种补偿也无法实现全程精确补偿。
可见，现有电池均衡采样方法至少存在以下问题：一是对电池管理系统核心功能——电压检测精度影响较大；二是难以准确标定压降的变化。
有鉴于此，确有必要提供一种能够解决上述问题的电池均衡采样方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种能消除均衡电流所产生的检测误差的电池均衡采样方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种电池均衡采样方法，其包括以下步骤：
步骤一，获得系统级的电压采样总周期Ta；
步骤二，确定ADC电压采样时间Tb和滤波电容稳定退藕时间Tc；
步骤三，计算允许电池电压均衡开启时间Td，公式为：Td＝Ta-Tb-Tc；
步骤四，根据Tc、Tb、Td制定开关策略，依次循环安排退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期。
作为本发明电池均衡采样方法的一种改进，所述ADC电压采样时间Tb通过获得A/D系统的采样精度与采样速度的对比表确定。
作为本发明电池均衡采样方法的一种改进，所述滤波电容稳定退藕时间Tc通过获得采样电路中的滤波电容C计算得出。
作为本发明电池均衡采样方法的一种改进，所述步骤四包括以下步骤：
选定最小时间片；
将整个电芯电压采样周期Ta分割为最小时间片，按次序依次安排退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期；
制定开关策略按时间执行退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期。
作为本发明电池均衡采样方法的一种改进，所述最小时间片由电芯电压采样周期Ta和Tb、Td、Tc中的最小时间决定。
作为本发明电池均衡采样方法的一种改进，所述最小时间片为10ms。
作为本发明电池均衡采样方法的一种改进，所述制定开关策略按时间执行退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期包括：
设定ADC定时电压采样，在ADC电压采样周期内对电池的电压进行采样；
采样周期结束后，开启电池均衡开关，进行电压均衡。
作为本发明电池均衡采样方法的一种改进，所述退藕周期与采样周期时长之和小于均衡周期的时长。
作为本发明电池均衡采样方法的一种改进，所述退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期的时长分配比例为1:1:8。
作为本发明电池均衡采样方法的一种改进，所述步骤四所制定的开关策略中，电池均衡开关的占空比设置为1％～99％。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过对电压采样总周期进行重新分配，在满足客户采样时间的要求下，分时进行采样、均衡、稳定等周期，避免了电池均衡时导致的电压检测误差，提高了检测精度，适用于混合动力汽车中的电池均衡同时采样检测。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，对本发明电池均衡采样方法及其有益技术效果进行详细说明。
图1为现有电池均衡采样电路的电路原理图。
图2为现有电池均衡采样电路的采样误差原理分析图。
图3为本发明电池均衡采样方法的流程图。
图4为本发明电池均衡采样方法的均衡采样周期分配图。
图5为本发明电池均衡采样方法的一个实施例的时序图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和技术效果更加清晰明白，以下结合附图和具体实施方式，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解的是，本说明书中描述的具体实施方式仅仅是为了解释本发明，并不是为了限定本发明。
针对现有汽车电池均衡采样方法存在的问题，本发明的发明人在对均衡采样电路进行深入研究后，发现一味的增加补偿控制、提高补偿精度，以消除影响电压的各个因素，达到高精度的补偿，在客观的电池、电路器件的工艺参数差异，及环境差异作用下，全程、高精度补偿的电路设计几乎是不可能实现的理想目标。
鉴于对现有技术及客观现实的深刻认识，发明人突破常规思维，针对现有汽车电池均衡采样方法作出了改进，实现了本领域技术人员认为不可能的设计目标。本发明的基本改进思路是，跳出误差量化的角度，从时间的角度来解决问题，即通过分时进行稳定、采样和均衡等周期，有效避免均衡电流对电压检测的影响，以提高检测精度。
请参照图3所示，本发明电池均衡采样方法包括以下步骤。
步骤11，获得系统级的电压采样总周期Ta。对于电池组系统来说，电压采样总周期Ta是根据客户需求预设的一个技术指标，为已知值。
步骤13，确定ADC电压采样时间Tb和滤波电容稳定退藕时间Tc。具体地，ADC电压采样时间Tb通过获得A/D系统的采样精度与采样速度的对比表确定，滤波电容稳定退藕时间Tc通过获得采样电路中的滤波电容C计算得出(因为所采用的低通滤波器计算方式早已为本领域技术人员所公知，此处不再赘述)。
步骤15，计算允许电池电压均衡开启时间Td，公式为：Td＝Ta-Tb-Tc。
步骤17，根据Tc、Tb、Td制定开关策略，依次循环安排退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期，如图4所示。具体地，此步骤包括：
1)选定最小时间片；最小时间片由电芯电压采样周期Ta和Tb、Td、Tc中的最小时间决定(Td通常较大，因此实际是取Tb、Tc中的较小值)，例如：在图5所示48V系统电池均衡采样方法的实施例中，Ta为100ms，Tb、Tc均为10ms，Td＝Ta-Tb-Tc＝80ms，因此最小时间片为10ms。
2)将整个电芯电压采样周期Ta分割为最小时间片，按次序依次安排退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期。具体地，退藕周期与采样周期时长之和小于均衡周期的时长。如，退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期的时长分配比例为1:1:8。
3)制定开关策略按时间执行退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期。具体地，设定ADC定时电压采样，在ADC电压采样周期内对电池的电压进行采样；采样周期结束后，开启电池均衡开关，进行电压均衡。
需要说明的是，虽然在图5所示实施例中，电池均衡开关的占空比设置为50％，但在其他实施例中，电池均衡开关的占空比可以设置为1～99％的任何数值(只要存在时间间隔即可)。
结合以上对本发明电池均衡采样方法的详细描述可以看出，本发明通过对电压采样总周期进行重新分配，在满足客户采样时间的要求下，分时进行采样、均衡、稳定等周期，避免了电池均衡时导致的电压检测误差，提高了检测精度，适用于混合动力汽车中的电池均衡同时采样检测。
与现有技术相比，本发明电池均衡采样方法至少具有以下有益技术效果：
1)消除了电池电压均衡开启时均衡回路电流对采样检测点电压的影响，即排除了此项电压误差，显著提高了汽车电池均衡采样电路的采样精度以及效率；
2)由于采样周期和退藕周期在电压采样总周期中的时间占比小，对均衡效果的影响较小，均衡效果仅取决于ADC电压采样以及滤波电容稳定退藕时间的损失；
3)由于均衡周期在整个电压采样总周期中的时间占比大，因此均衡效率可以做得很高。
根据上述原理，本发明还可以对上述实施方式进行适当的变更和修改。因此，本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式，对本发明的一些修改和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外，尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语，但这些术语只是为了方便说明，并不对本发明构成任何限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池均衡采样方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤一，获得系统级的电压采样总周期Ta；
    步骤二，确定ADC电压采样时间Tb和滤波电容稳定退藕时间Tc；
    步骤三，计算允许电池电压均衡开启时间Td，公式为：Td＝Ta-Tb-Tc；
    步骤四，根据Tc、Tb、Td制定开关策略，依次循环安排退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡采样方法，其特征在于，所述ADC电压采样时间Tb通过获得A/D系统的采样精度与采样速度的对比表确定。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡采样方法，其特征在于，所述滤波电容稳定退藕时间Tc通过获得采样电路中的滤波电容C计算得出。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡采样方法，其特征在于，所述步骤四包括以下步骤：
    选定最小时间片；
    将整个电芯电压采样周期Ta分割为最小时间片，按次序依次安排退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期；
    制定开关策略按时间执行退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池均衡采样方法，其特征在于，所述最小时间片由电芯电压采样周期Ta和Tb、Td、Tc中的最小时间决定。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池均衡采样方法，其特征在于，所述最小时间片为10ms。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电池均衡采样方法，其特征在于，所述制定开关策略按时间执行退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期包括：
    设定ADC定时电压采样，在ADC电压采样周期内对电池的电压进行采样；
    采样周期结束后，开启电池均衡开关，进行电压均衡。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡采样方法，其特征在于，所述退藕周期与采样周期时长之和小于均衡周期的时长。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池均衡采样方法，其特征在于，所述退藕周期、采样周期、均衡周期的时长分配比例为1:1:8。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡采样方法，其特征在于，所述步骤四所制定的开关策略中，电池均衡开关的占空比设置为1％～99％。
PCT/CN2017/092323 2017-01-13 2017-07-09 电池均衡采样方法 Ceased WO2018129884A1 (zh)

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