WO2018112748A1 - 一种微能量采集方法、装置及微能量供电器 - Google Patents

一种微能量采集方法、装置及微能量供电器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018112748A1
WO2018112748A1 PCT/CN2016/111064 CN2016111064W WO2018112748A1 WO 2018112748 A1 WO2018112748 A1 WO 2018112748A1 CN 2016111064 W CN2016111064 W CN 2016111064W WO 2018112748 A1 WO2018112748 A1 WO 2018112748A1
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Prior art keywords
energy
current
acquisition
input
weak
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PCT/CN2016/111064
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
华建武
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深圳市浩博高科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市浩博高科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市浩博高科技有限公司
Priority to CN201680001821.4A priority Critical patent/CN107078539A/zh
Priority to AU2016433257A priority patent/AU2016433257A1/en
Priority to US16/330,899 priority patent/US20190214825A1/en
Priority to EP16924342.5A priority patent/EP3561989A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/111064 priority patent/WO2018112748A1/zh
Publication of WO2018112748A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018112748A1/zh
Priority to AU2019100308A priority patent/AU2019100308A4/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/001—Energy harvesting or scavenging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of electronics, and in particular, to a micro energy collection method, device, and micro energy power supply.
  • Existing energy harvesting methods are mostly directed to solar energy, wind energy, and fluid energy, but whether it is solar energy, wind energy, or fluid energy, only a large level of energy can be collected, taking the most widely used solar energy collection as an example.
  • the existing solar energy collection mostly uses a low-light type photovoltaic cell in a low-light environment.
  • the battery uses an amorphous silicon battery component to have a certain photoelectric conversion capability for a light source having a wavelength above 780 nm, and can be converted into a current of about 30 uA, but is so weak.
  • the energy of the MCU cannot guarantee the power supply requirement of the MCU in the acquisition circuit.
  • the operating current of an MCU is several tens of milliamperes, which is equal to thousands of times of the collected current.
  • a 1M resistor is the current consumption of 3uA, so the conventional MPPT algorithm Or the method of using DSP can not collect the weak energy formed by the weak light source due to the acquisition mode and the excessive power consumption of the device, resulting in the loss of weak energy, so that energy collection and application cannot be performed in some environments capable of generating weak energy, which limits the limitation.
  • the application of many technologies are used.
  • An object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a micro-energy collection method, which aims to solve the problem that the prior art can only collect a large amount of energy, which causes the load application to be restricted by the environment.
  • micro energy collection method where the method includes:
  • Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a micro energy collection device, where the device includes:
  • a conversion unit configured to convert weak energy in the environment into weak electric energy
  • the collecting unit is configured to collect the weak electric energy through the SOC, and output the same to the electric energy storage unit, where the collecting unit is connected between the converting unit and the electric energy storage unit.
  • Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a micro energy supply device including the above micro energy harvesting device.
  • the existing IC and the device are used for segmentation acquisition, and the weak energy in the environment is collected with extremely low power consumption, and the current collection of the micro-ampere level is realized, which fills the current technical blank and reduces the current technology gap.
  • the threshold of energy harvesting units increases the scope of energy harvesting, breaking through the environmental constraints of energy harvesting and expanding the application of clean energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro energy collection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a process of step S102 in a method for collecting micro energy according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a micro energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an example of a detection circuit in a micro energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is another example circuit diagram of a detection circuit in a micro energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a voltage reset unit in a micro energy harvesting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the existing IC and the device are used for segmentation acquisition, and the weak energy in the environment is collected with extremely low power consumption, and the micro-ampere current collection is realized, which fills the current technical blank and reduces the current technology gap.
  • the threshold of energy harvesting units increases the scope of energy harvesting, breaking through the environmental constraints of energy harvesting and expanding the application of clean energy.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow structure of a micro energy harvesting method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. For convenience of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown.
  • the method can be applied to the collection of light energy, wind energy, fluid energy and pressure kinetic energy, and can be combined with the Internet of Things or an operator for remote wireless control or intelligent system using intelligent terminals. Control.
  • the micro energy harvesting method comprises the following steps:
  • step S101 converting weak energy in the environment into weak electric energy
  • weak energy in the environment can be converted into weak electricity by an acquisition unit such as an amorphous silicon battery, a pressure sensor or a pressure transducer, a thermoelectric generator, a soil ion generator, or the like. energy.
  • an acquisition unit such as an amorphous silicon battery, a pressure sensor or a pressure transducer, a thermoelectric generator, a soil ion generator, or the like. energy.
  • step S102 the weak electric energy is collected by the SOC and output to the electric energy storage unit.
  • an SOC may be established on an MCU to acquire weak electric energy by using an MCU.
  • the SOC in the step of collecting weak electric energy through the SOC generally refers to a general-purpose MCU, a system with a specific function established on the MCU, and an external device necessary for the MCU application, and the SOC is established on a general-purpose MCU.
  • the system makes the general-purpose MCU have specific functions, and the optimization function is easier and the burst period is shorter.
  • step S101 As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after step S101, before step S102, the following steps may be further included:
  • the weak electric energy is subjected to a voltage reset process to convert the unstable weak electric energy into an intermittent output energy, for example, a pulse signal having a certain width.
  • the waveform generated by the acquisition unit is usually unstable energy. If the output is directly output to the acquisition unit, the acquisition unit may be restarted due to the input current or the input voltage being too low. Each time the unit is restarted, the power consumption will be relatively large, so the voltage reset unit is passed. The collected energy signal is converted into a pulse signal, so that the acquisition unit can work more stably, and the number of restarts is greatly reduced, thereby reducing the power consumption.
  • the step of collecting the weak energy amount by using the SOC in step S102 may specifically include:
  • step S201 a data model is established, where the data model has a correspondence relationship between the power collection amount and the collection mode;
  • step S202 the current power collection amount is detected or the current power collection amount is detected by the passive wake-up, and the current power collection amount is used to look up the table in the data model to obtain a corresponding collection mode, and the foregoing collection mode. At least include a low power acquisition mode and a high efficiency acquisition mode;
  • a chirp clock with constant frequency or frequency change may be set, and the chirp detection is actively performed according to a preset cuckoo clock. After no detection, the power collection amount detecting module may enter the sleep mode. The state saves energy; of course, the power collection detection module can be kept in a dormant state until a wake-up test is performed, and the detection continues to return to the sleep state to save energy.
  • the wakeup may detect the charge or voltage in the electrical energy storage unit through the fuel gauge or the comparator.
  • the fuel gauge or the comparator sends an alarm signal to wake up the electrical energy. Acquisition quantity detection module.
  • the foregoing data model includes multiple parameters corresponding to each other.
  • the table can be directly checked, or can be checked through a function relationship or a call relationship, and can be checked through a parameter and its corresponding relationship. Ask for another parameter corresponding to it.
  • step S203 the corresponding acquisition mode is activated to perform micro energy acquisition.
  • the data model establishes a database according to the variable law of the input/output of the power collection quantity, and the measured environment parameter, and establishes a correspondence function between the power collection quantity and the acquisition mode by using a minimum calculation amount, thereby The maximum power point between the subsequent turns is predicted according to the current environmental parameters and the corresponding acquisition mode is executed by calling a function.
  • the manner of detecting the current power collection amount may be implemented by the first method or by the second method, and may also be implemented by using the second method.
  • the method of the first method is: determining the input current/input voltage/input charge, and using the current input current or input voltage or input charge as the power collection amount, the input current or the input voltage or input.
  • the charge is converted from weak energy in the environment;
  • the method of the second method is: determining the voltage of the electrical energy storage unit, and using the voltage as the electrical energy collection amount.
  • the current acquisition mode may be determined according to the voltage in the current electrical energy storage unit. If the current power is low, the detection frequency may be decreased, that is, the acquisition mode is not frequently changed, thereby reducing power consumption;
  • the detection frequency can be increased, that is, the acquisition mode more suitable for the current environment is continuously replaced, thereby increasing the collection efficiency.
  • the low-power acquisition mode is adopted. Since the acquisition amount is relatively small, the power consumption required for detection needs to be provided by the electric energy storage unit, so it is suitable to use the second method for detecting;
  • the medium light and glare modes use a high efficiency mode. Since the amount of acquisition is relatively large, the current amount of power required for detection can be afforded, so it is appropriate to use the first method for detection.
  • the low power consumption acquisition mode may collect the weak electric energy by using preset power
  • the chirp current is increased compared to the low-light phase, but the MCU still needs to sleep, and works in a sleep working mode, so Controls the number and width of boost pulses collected to speed up the wake-up.
  • the high-efficiency acquisition mode can be controlled by MPPT control, the optimal parameter and the optimal power consumption balance voltage point are selected by MPPT, and the weak electric energy is collected according to the optimal parameter and the optimal power consumption balance voltage point.
  • the MPPT charges the coulomb charge according to the inductance of the acquisition circuit
  • the MCU calls up to collect the charge required for the completion of the process, and how much charge the solar panel can generate, to calculate and find the optimum power balance voltage point.
  • the optimal parameter may be preset, or determined by testing, in actual use, through the network Configure the network to the acquisition system in a local or preset manner.
  • the MPPT is combined with the modeling acquisition curve for dynamic control.
  • the modeling acquisition curve is obtained according to the actual test of the use environment, and can be dynamically controlled, that is, the acquired environmental data is increased, and the table is obtained by looking up the table, so that the prediction is more suitable for the current environment.
  • Collection mode In this acquisition mode, energy collection is performed according to the set PWM/PDM.
  • the MCU in a low-light environment (low acquisition energy), can be awakened by a high-low level of 10 ports to perform detection; in a strong light environment (high acquisition energy), ⁇ wake up.
  • the step of collecting the weak electric energy by using the SOC in step S102 may further include:
  • step S204 determining the input current
  • step S205 is performed to turn off the acquisition
  • step S206 is performed to start the acquisition
  • steps S204-S206 should be performed before step S202, but are not limited to step S20.
  • the detection frequency is mainly controlled by the amount of stored energy in the low light and low light stages.
  • the first purpose is to limit the detection frequency and maintain low power consumption.
  • the purpose is to collect as much energy as possible, so frequent detection is required to replace the current most efficient acquisition. The mode is collected.
  • Low-light stage The energy can be collected in the low-light stage, but the energy is very weak and difficult to use, for example, less than 1 microamperes. This can be stored by placing a small capacitor to store these extremely weak energy. First, the solar panel pair The capacitor is directly charged. When the voltage across the capacitor is greater than the high potential of the 10 ports of the MCU, the acquisition system wakes up and collects once, and the energy stored in the small capacitor is collected into the energy storage unit at one time. [0065] The selection of the capacitance value of the small capacitor can be calculated as follows:
  • Low light phase The current collected by this device has increased, but the MCU still needs to sleep, working in sleep mode, but the frequency of wake-up is much faster.
  • the acquisition method is similar to the low-light stage. It only needs to increase the number and width of the boost pulse that controls the acquisition, from the original fixed number of acquisitions to the variable number of acquisitions.
  • the frequency of the wake-up may be calculated to determine whether the current is in the low light phase or the low light phase, or by detecting the level value of the capacitive end in the low light phase acquisition mode. To determine if you want to switch to the low light phase.
  • the input current can ensure that the MCU can run in low speed mode, the acquisition capability is relatively high, and some MPPT mode acquisition control can be used to appropriately improve the collection efficiency.
  • the MCU can be used to wake up the MCU, and the level of the input quantity can be obtained by the method of fixed detection. The number of high and low levels is calculated, and the acquisition strategy is planned by looking up the table.
  • the glare phase At this stage, the input, output voltage, current, and power values can be more finely obtained, and then more accurate MPPT values can be determined by these values, thereby obtaining a more efficient acquisition PWM frequency, and obtaining more energy of.
  • the existing IC and the device are used for segmentation acquisition, and the weak energy in the environment is collected with extremely low power consumption, and the current collection of the micro-ampere level is realized, which fills the current technical blank and reduces the current technology gap.
  • the threshold of energy harvesting units increases the scope of energy harvesting, breaking through the environmental constraints of energy harvesting and expanding the application of clean energy.
  • FIG 3 shows the structure of a micro energy harvesting device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. For the convenience of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown.
  • the micro energy harvesting device is connected to the electrical energy storage unit 2, and the micro energy harvesting device includes:
  • a conversion unit 11 configured to convert weak energy in the environment into weak electric energy
  • the collecting unit 12 is configured to collect the weak electric energy through the SOC and output the same to the electric energy storage unit, and the collecting unit 12 is connected between the converting unit 11 and the electric energy storage unit 2.
  • the conversion unit is an amorphous silicon battery, a pressure sensor, a pressure transducer, a thermoelectric generator or a soil ion generator.
  • the acquisition unit 12 is an MCU, which is implemented by establishing an SOC on the MCU.
  • the SOC in the step of collecting weak electric energy through the SOC generally refers to a general-purpose MCU, a system with a specific function established on the MCU, and an external device necessary for the MCU application, and the SOC is established on a general-purpose MCU.
  • the system makes the general-purpose MCU have specific functions, and the optimization function is easier and the burst period is shorter.
  • the collecting unit 12 further includes:
  • a modeling module 121 configured to establish a data model, where the data model has a correspondence between a quantity of power collected and an acquisition mode;
  • a timer 122 configured to generate a chirp signal
  • the power collection quantity detecting module 123 is configured to detect the current power collection amount according to the ⁇ clock signal, and look up the table according to the current power collection amount in the data model, obtain a corresponding collection mode, and start a corresponding collection mode.
  • Micro energy acquisition, the acquisition mode includes at least a low power acquisition mode and a high efficiency acquisition mode.
  • a clock with a constant frequency or a frequency change may be set, and the fixed chirp detection is actively performed according to the preset chirp clock. After the detection is not performed, the power collection amount detecting module may enter the sleep. The state saves energy; of course, the power collection detection module can be kept in a dormant state until a wake-up test is performed, and the detection continues to return to the sleep state to save energy.
  • the wake-up may detect the charge or voltage in the electrical energy storage unit through the fuel gauge or the comparator.
  • the fuel gauge or the comparator sends an alarm signal to wake up the electrical energy. Acquisition quantity detection module.
  • the foregoing data model includes multiple parameters corresponding to each other.
  • the table can be directly checked, or can be checked through a function relationship or a call relationship, and can be checked through a parameter and its corresponding relationship. Ask for another parameter corresponding to it.
  • the low power consumption acquisition mode collects the weak electric energy by a preset power
  • the high-efficiency acquisition mode adopts MPPT control acquisition, selects the optimal parameter and the optimal power balance voltage point through MPPT, and collects the weak electric energy according to the optimal parameter and the optimal power balance voltage point.
  • the power collection amount detecting module 123 includes at least one of the following detection modules:
  • the first detecting module 1231 is configured to detect an input current or an input voltage or an input charge, and use a current input current or an input voltage or an input charge as the power collection amount, the input current or the input voltage or the input charge. Converted from weak energy in the environment;
  • the second detecting module 1232 is configured to determine a voltage of the electrical energy storage unit, and use the voltage as a power collecting amount.
  • the power collection amount detection module 123 may further include an MCU and a detection circuit 1233;
  • the detection circuit 1233 includes:
  • the current input terminals of the first bypass transistor Q1 and the second bypass transistor Q2 are both connected to the power supply terminal VDD of the SOC in the MCU, and the current output terminal of the first bypass transistor Q1 is connected to the conversion unit 11 through the inductor L1.
  • the control end of the first switch Q1 is connected to the first output enable end EN1 of the SOC in the MCU
  • the current output end of the second switch Q2 is connected to the electric energy storage unit 2
  • the control end of the second switch Q2 is The second output enable terminal EN2 of the SOC in the MCU is connected.
  • the inductor L1 is a device external to the MCU; and the first bypass transistor Q1 and the second bypass transistor Q2 may be disposed outside the MCU or may be implemented by using an internal manifold of the MCU.
  • the internal control circuit of the MCU establishes a detection circuit 1233 with lower power consumption.
  • the first bypass transistor Q1 and the second bypass transistor Q2 are disposed outside the MCU, and the bypass transistor is connected to the output enable end of the SOC through the pin of the MCU;
  • first bypass pipe Q1 and the second bypass pipe Q2 are internal control pipes of the MCU, the MCU is configured by the SOC, and the two current switches of the MCU and the enable end of the SOC are utilized. connection.
  • the detecting circuit 1233 may further include:
  • the current input ends of the third switch Q3 and the fifth switch Q5 are both connected to the power end of the SOC in the MCU, and the current output end of the third switch Q3 is connected to one end of the capacitor C2, and the capacitor C2 The other end with capacitor C3 One end is connected, the other end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the conversion unit 11, the other end of the capacitor C2 is also connected to the current input end of the fourth switch tube Q4, and the current output end of the fourth switch tube Q4 is grounded, and the fifth switch
  • the current output end of Q5 is connected to the electric energy storage unit 2, and the control end of the third switch Q3 is connected with the first output enable end EN1 of the SOC in the MCU, and the control end of the fourth switch Q4 and the SOC of the MCU
  • the two output enable terminals EN 2 are connected, and the control terminal of the fifth switch Q5 is connected to the third output enable terminal EN3 of the SOC in the MCU.
  • the third switch Q3-the fifth switch Q5 may be disposed outside or inside the MCU.
  • the first bypass transistor Q1 and the fifth bypass transistor Q5 can be implemented by using a MOS transistor with a small power consumption.
  • the collecting unit 12 may further include:
  • the input current detecting unit 124 is configured to detect the input current. When the input current is equal to zero, the connection relationship between the converting unit 11 and the collecting unit 12 is cut off, and the collecting is turned off. When the input current is greater than 0 or a preset threshold, Establishing a connection relationship between the conversion unit 11 and the collection unit 12, and starting the acquisition;
  • the input current is converted from weak energy in the environment.
  • the output is turned off by the unidirectional conduction device when the input current is equal to zero ,, and the acquisition is started when the input current is greater than the preset threshold ;; the unidirectional conduction device is connected between the conversion unit and the acquisition unit; or
  • the input current is detected by the acquisition unit, and when the input current is equal to zero, the acquisition is turned off; when the input current is greater than 0 or a preset threshold, the acquisition is started.
  • the micro energy harvesting device may further include:
  • the voltage reset monitoring unit 13 is configured to perform voltage switching processing on the weak electric energy, and convert the unstable weak electric energy into intermittent output energy, for example, a pulse signal having a certain width, and the voltage reset monitoring unit 13 is connected. Between the conversion unit 11 and the acquisition unit 12.
  • the voltage switching process specifically refers to comparing the weak electrical energy with a preset threshold.
  • the output is high. If the weak electric energy is less than the threshold, the output is low, so the output energy is a discontinuous signal.
  • the voltage reset monitoring unit 13 includes:
  • the input terminal IN of the voltage reset monitoring chip U1 is connected to the conversion unit 11, and the input terminal IN of the voltage reset monitoring chip U1 is also grounded through the capacitor C1, and the output terminal OUT of the voltage reset monitoring chip U1 is connected to the acquisition unit 12.
  • the expression of the embodiment of the micro energy harvesting method please refer to the expression of the embodiment of the micro energy harvesting method.
  • Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a micro energy supply device including the above micro energy harvesting device.
  • the existing IC and the device are used for segmentation acquisition, and the weak energy in the environment is collected with extremely low power consumption, and the current collection of the micro-ampere level is realized, which fills the current technical blank and reduces the current technology gap.
  • the threshold of energy harvesting units increases the scope of energy harvesting, breaking through the environmental constraints of energy harvesting and expanding the application of clean energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种微能量采集方法、装置及微能量供电器。微能量采集方法包括：将环境中的微弱能量转换为微弱电能量（S101）；通过SOC采集所述微弱电能量，并输出给电能存储单元（S102）。通过现有集成芯片、器件进行分段采集，实现以极低的功耗采集环境中的微弱能量以及微安级的电流采集，降低了能量采集单位的门槛，增加了能量采集的适用范围，突破了能量采集的环境限制，扩展了清洁能源的应用领域。

Description

一种微能量釆集方法、 装置及微能量供电器 技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于电子领域， 尤其涉及一种微能量采集方法、 装置及微能量供电器。
背景技术
[0002] 目前， 由于传统能源在转换过程中产生的巨大污染以及石油等一次能源的过度 消耗， 传统能源与新型清洁能源出现了越来越多的碰撞， 未来势必会出现一场 清洁能源革命， 而目前对于清洁能源的采集却大多从提高转换效率以及减少传 输损耗的角度入手， 对于如何降低能量采集的门槛， 增加能量采集的适用范围 ， 突破能量采集的环境限制却还是一片空白。
[0003] 现有的能量采集方式大多针对于太阳能、 风能、 流体能量， 但无论是太阳能、 风能、 还是流体能量， 都只能采集到大级别的能量， 以应用最广泛的太阳能采 集为例， 现有的太阳能采集在弱光环境中大多采用弱光型光电电池， 该电池采 用非晶硅电池组件对于波长在 780nm以上的光源有一定光电转化能力， 可以转换 为 30uA左右的电流， 可是这么微弱的能量还无法保证采集电路中 MCU的供电需 求， 一颗 MCU的工作电流都是几十毫安， 等于采集到电流的上千倍， 一个 1M的 电阻就是 3uA的电流消耗， 因此常规的 MPPT算法或者采用 DSP的方式由于采集 方式和器件功耗过大均无法采集到微弱光源形成的微弱能量， 导致微弱能量的 流失， 从而使一些能产生微弱能量的环境中无法进行能量采集和应用， 限制了 诸多技术的应用。
技术问题
[0004] 本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种微能量采集方法， 旨在解决现有技术只能采 集大级别的能量， 导致负载应用被环境限制的问题。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 本发明实施例是这样实现的， 一种微能量采集方法， 所述方法包括：
[0006] 将环境中的微弱能量转换为微弱电能量； [0007] 通过 SOC采集所述微弱电能量， 并输出给电能存储单元。
[0008] 本发明实施例的另一目的在于， 提供一种微能量采集装置， 所述装置包括：
[0009] 转换单元， 用于将环境中的微弱能量转换为微弱电能量；
[0010] 采集单元， 用于通过 SOC采集所述微弱电能量， 并输出给电能存储单元， 所述 采集单元连接于所述转换单元与所述电能存储单元之间。
[0011] 本发明实施例的另一目的在于， 提供一种包括上述微能量采集装置的微能量供 电器。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0012] 本发明实施例通过现有 IC、 器件进行分段采集， 实现以极低的功耗采集环境中 的微弱能量， 实现了微安级的电流采集， 填补了目前的技术空白， 降低了能量 采集单位的门槛， 增加能量采集的适用范围， 突破了能量采集的环境限制， 扩 展了清洁能源的应用领域。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0013] 图 1为本发明实施例提供的微能量采集方法的流程结构图；
[0014] 图 2为本发明实施例提供的微能量采集方法中步骤 S102的流程结构图；
[0015] 图 3为本发明实施例提供的微能量采集装置的结构图；
[0016] 图 4为本发明实施例提供的微能量采集装置的示例结构图；
[0017] 图 5为本发明实施例提供的微能量采集装置中检测电路的一示例电路图；
[0018] 图 6为本发明实施例提供的微能量采集装置中检测电路的另一示例电路图;
[0019] 图 7为本发明实施例提供的微能量采集装置中电压复位单元的示例电路图。
本发明的实施方式
[0020] 为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白， 以下结合附图及实施例 ， 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解， 此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用 以解释本发明， 并不用于限定本发明。 此外， 下面所描述的本发明各个实施方 式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
[0021] 本发明实施例通过现有 IC、 器件进行分段采集， 实现以极低的功耗采集环境中 的微弱能量， 实现了微安级的电流采集， 填补了目前的技术空白， 降低了能量 采集单位的门槛， 增加能量采集的适用范围， 突破了能量采集的环境限制， 扩 展了清洁能源的应用领域。
[0022] 图 1示出了本发明实施例提供的微能量采集方法的流程结构， 为了便于说明， 仅示出了与本发明相关的部分。
[0023] 作为本发明一实施例， 本方法可以应用在光能、 风能、 流体能量以及压力动能 的采集上， 并可以结合物联网或者运营商进行远距离无线控制或者利用智能终 端的系统进行智能化控制。
[0024] 该微能量采集方法包括下述步骤：
[0025] 在步骤 S101中， 将环境中的微弱能量转换为微弱电能量；
[0026] 在本发明是实例中， 可以通过采集单元， 例如非晶硅电池、 压力传感器或压力 换能器， 温差热发电器， 土壤离子发电器等， 将环境中的微弱能量转换为微弱 电能量。
[0027] 在步骤 S102中， 通过 SOC采集微弱电能量， 并输出给电能存储单元。
[0028] 作为本发明一实施例， 可以利用 MCU， 在 MCU上建立 SOC来采集微弱电能量 。 值得说明的是， 上述通过 SOC采集微弱电能量步骤中的 SOC泛指通用的 MCU 、 在 MCU上建立起来的具有特定功能的系统以及 MCU应用必要的外部器件， 该 SOC通过在通用的 MCU上建立系统， 使通用的 MCU具有特定的功能， 并且优化 功能更加容易， 幵发周期更短。
[0029] 作为本发明一优选实施例， 在步骤 S101之后， 步骤 S102之前， 还可以包括下述 步骤：
[0030] 将微弱电能量进行电压复位处理， 将不稳定的微弱电能量转换为间断输出的能 量， 例如具有一定宽度的脉冲信号。
[0031] 在本发明实施例中， 采集单元生成的波形通常为不稳定的能量， 如果直接输出 给采集单元进行采集， 会导致由于输入电流或输入电压过低频繁使采集单元重 新启动， 而采集单元每次重新启动吋功耗都会比较大， 因此通过电压复位单元 将采集到的能量信号转换为脉冲信号， 从而使采集单元就可以比较稳定的工作 ， 大幅减少重新启动次数， 从而降低了由此带来的功耗。
[0032] 作为本发明一优选实施例， 结合图 2， 步骤 S102中通过 SOC采集所述微弱电能 量的步骤可以具体包括：
[0033] 在步骤 S201中， 建立数据模型， 该数据模型具有电能采集量与采集模式之间的 对应关系；
[0034] 在步骤 S202中， 主动定吋检测当前的电能采集量或被动唤醒检测当前的电能采 集量， 根据当前的电能采集量在所述数据模型中査表， 得到对应的采集模式， 上述采集模式至少包括低功耗采集模式和高效率采集模式；
[0035] 在本发明实施例中， 可以设置一个频率不变或者频率变化的吋钟， 按照预设的 吋钟主动地进行定吋检测， 在不进行检测吋， 电能采集量检测模块可以进入休 眠状态以节省能耗； 当然， 也可以令电能采集量检测模块保持休眠状态， 直到 被唤醒后进行一次检测， 检测后继续恢复到休眠状态以节省能耗。
[0036] 优选地， 唤醒可以通过电量计或者比较器检测电能存储单元中的电荷或电压， 当电能存储单元中的电荷或电压达到预设阈值后， 电量计或者比较器发出报警 信号， 唤醒电能采集量检测模块。
[0037] 值得说明的是， 上述数据模型中包含互相具有对应关系多种参数， 步骤 S202中 査表即可以是直接査表， 也可以通过函数关系或者调用关系査表， 通过一个参 数及其对应关系可以査询到对应的另一个参数。
[0038] 在步骤 S203中， 启动对应的采集模式进行微能量采集。
[0039] 该数据模型根据电能采集量的输入 /输出的变量规律， 结合实测环境参数来统 计建立数据库， 并通过最小计算量来建立一个电能采集量与采集模式之间的对 应关系函数， 从而可以根据当前的环境参数预测后面吋间的最大功率点并通过 调用函数来执行对应的采集模式。
[0040] 以太阳能采集为例， 由于使用的太阳能电池的面积是一定的， 它在不同光线强 度产生的功率的曲线是已知的， 那么我们在不同的环境下测试数据， 把这些数 据对应的公式和数据统计起来， 建立起一个简单的数据库或者数据表格， 在实 际使用吋根据环境参数， 通过检索数据库或者表格， 预测出接近于实际情况的 最大功率点和采集模式。
[0041] 作为本发明一优选实施例， 在步骤 S202中， 定吋检测当前的电能采集量的方式 可以通过方式一实现， 或通过方式二实现， 还可以优选方式一加方式二实现。
[0042] 具体地， 方式一的步骤为： 定吋检测输入电流 /输入电压 /输入电荷， 将当前的 输入电流或输入电压或输入电荷作为所述电能采集量， 该输入电流或输入电压 或输入电荷由环境中的微弱能量转换而成；
[0043] 具体地， 方式二的步骤为： 定吋检测电能存储单元的电压， 将该电压作为所述 电能采集量。
[0044] 例如， 可以根据当前电能存储单元中的电压来査表确定当前的采集模式， 若当 前电量低， 则可以降低检测频率， 即不频繁更换采集模式， 从而降低功耗；
[0045] 若当前电量高， 则可以增加检测频率， 即不断更换更加适合当前环境的采集模 式， 从而增加采集效率。
[0046] 对于方式一和方式二结合的方式进行检测， 具体如下：
[0047] 在微光和弱光阶段， 采用的是低功耗采集模式， 由于采集量比较微小， 检测所 需的功耗需要靠电能存储单元提供， 因此采用方式二进行检测比较适合； 而在 中光和强光模式采用的是高效率模式， 由于采集量比较大， 检测所需的功耗当 前的采集量就能够负担， 因此采用方式一进行检测比较合适。
[0048] 另外在步骤 S202中的两种采集模式中， 低功耗采集模式可以通过预设功率采集 所述微弱电能量；
[0049] 在本发明实施例中， 例如对应低功耗采集模式的弱光阶段， 此吋电流相比微光 阶段有所上升， 但是依然需要 MCU睡眠， 以睡眠的工作方式进行工作， 因此通 过控制采集的升压脉冲次数和宽度， 来加快唤醒的频率。
[0050] 高效率采集模式可以采用 MPPT控制采集， 通过 MPPT选取最优参数和最佳功耗 平衡电压点， 根据最优参数和最佳功耗平衡电压点采集所述微弱电能量。
[0051] 作为本发明一实施例， MPPT根据采集电路电感需要损耗多少库伦的电荷， 和
MCU从唤起到收集处理完成所需多少库伦的电荷， 以及太阳能电池板能产生多 少电荷， 进行计算， 找到最佳功耗平衡电压点。
[0052] 而最优参数可以是预设的， 或者通过测试确定的， 在实际使用的吋候， 通过网 络或者本地预设的方式配置给采集系统。
[0053] MPPT结合建模采集曲线进行动态控制， 该建模采集曲线是根据使用环境实际 测试得到的， 并可以通过动态控制， 即增加获取的环境数据， 通过査表得到， 以预测更加适合当前环境的采集模式。 在这个采集模式下， 按设定的 PWM/PDM 进行能量收集。
[0054] 作为本发明一实施例， 在微光环境下 （采集能量低） ， 可以通过 10口的高低 电平唤醒 MCU工作， 进行检测； 在强光环境下 （采集能量高） ， 可以采用定吋 唤醒。
[0055] 优选地， 步骤 S102中通过 SOC采集所述微弱电能量的步骤还可以包括：
[0056] 步骤 S204， 定吋检测输入电流；
[0057] 当输入电流等于零吋， 则执行步骤 S205关断采集；
[0058] 当输入电流大于 0或预设阈值吋， 则执行步骤 S206启动采集；
[0059] 上述输入电流由环境中的微弱能量转换而成。
[0060] 值得说明的是， 步骤 S204-S206应处于步骤 S202之前执行， 但不限于在步骤 S20
1之前或之后。
[0061] 依据上述实施例的方法， 以下以光能的分段采集进行说明：
[0062] 首先根据能够采集到能量的多少来分成五个阶段， 针对这五个阶段对应采取不 同的采集模式， 在微光和弱光阶段主要依靠已存储的电能的多少来控制检测频 率， 选择对应的采集模式， 因此第一目的是限制检测频率， 保持低功耗； 而在 中光和强光阶段， 则以尽可能多的采集能量为目的， 因此需要频繁检测， 更换 当前效率最高的采集模式进行采集。
[0063] 黑暗阶段： 这个阶段采集不到任何能量， 所以能量采集处于关闭状态， SOC处 于休眠状态， 处在最低功耗的待机模式。
[0064] 微光阶段： 微光阶段能采集到能量， 但能量很弱， 难以利用， 例如小于 1微安 ， 此吋可以通过设置一个小电容来储存这些极其微弱的能量， 首先太阳能电池 板对电容直接充电， 当电容两端的电压大于 MCU的 10口的高电平的电位吋， 采 集系统再唤醒起来采集一次， 把储存在小电容里的能量一次性收集到电能储能 单元中。 [0065] 对于小电容的电容值的选取可以根据下述方式计算：
[0066] 计算消耗， 先计算采集电路电感需要损耗多少库伦的电荷， 再计算出 MCU唤 起到收集处理完成所需多少库伦的电荷。 然后再计算电容从采集幵始点的电位 降到采集结束点的电位可以获取多少库伦电荷。 当获取的电荷量 （库伦） 大与 消耗的电荷量的 1.5倍以上吋， 按在 2-3倍的容量设置小电容值。
[0067] 弱光阶段： 此吋采集的电流有所上升， 但是依然需要 MCU睡眠， 以睡眠的工 作方式进行工作， 只是唤醒的频率变快了许多。 采集方法类似于微光阶段， 只 需要提高控制采集的升压脉冲次数和宽度， 由原来固定次数采集变为可变次数 采集。
[0068] 这里要说明的是， 对于相邻阶段的判断， 可以通过计算被唤醒的频度来判断当 前处于微光阶段还是弱光阶段， 或者通过检测按微光阶段采集方式电容端的电 平值来判断是否要切换到弱光阶段。
[0069] 中光阶段： 在这个阶段， 输入的电流可以保证 MCU可以低速的模式下运行， 采集能力相对较高， 可以使用一些 MPPT方式采集控制， 适当的提高采集效率。 此吋可以用定吋器唤醒 MCU， 通过定吋检测的方式来获取输入量的电平值， 计 算高低电平的次数， 用査表的方式来规划采集策略。
[0070] 强光阶段： 在这个阶段可以更加精细的获取输入， 输出的电压、 电流、 电量的 值， 再通过这些值确定更加准确的 MPPT值， 得到更大效率的采集 PWM频率， 获取更多的能量。
[0071] 本发明实施例通过现有 IC、 器件进行分段采集， 实现以极低的功耗采集环境中 的微弱能量， 实现了微安级的电流采集， 填补了目前的技术空白， 降低了能量 采集单位的门槛， 增加能量采集的适用范围， 突破了能量采集的环境限制， 扩 展了清洁能源的应用领域。
[0072] 图 3示出了本发明实施例提供的微能量采集装置的结构， 为了便于说明， 仅示 出了与本发明相关的部分。
[0073] 作为本发明一实施例， 该微能量采集装置， 与电能存储单元 2连接， 微能量采 集装置包括：
[0074] 转换单元 11， 用于将环境中的微弱能量转换为微弱电能量； [0075] 采集单元 12， 用于通过 SOC采集所述微弱电能量， 并输出给电能存储单元， 该 采集单元 12连接于转换单元 11与电能存储单元 2之间。
[0076] 优选地， 所述转换单元为非晶硅电池、 压力传感器、 压力换能器、 温差热发电 器或土壤离子发电器。
[0077] 优选地， 采集单元 12为 MCU， 通过在 MCU上建立 SOC实现。 值得说明的是， 上述通过 SOC采集微弱电能量步骤中的 SOC泛指通用的 MCU、 在 MCU上建立起 来的具有特定功能的系统以及 MCU应用必要的外部器件， 该 SOC通过在通用的 MCU上建立系统， 使通用的 MCU具有特定的功能， 并且优化功能更加容易， 幵 发周期更短。
[0078] 该采集单元 12进一步包括：
[0079] 建模模块 121， 用于建立数据模型， 该数据模型具有电能采集量与采集模式之 间的对应关系；
[0080] 计吋器 122， 用于生成吋钟信号；
[0081] 电能采集量检测模块 123， 用于根据吋钟信号定吋检测当前的电能采集量， 根 据当前的电能采集量在数据模型中査表， 得到对应的采集模式， 并启动对应的 采集模式进行微能量采集， 该采集模式至少包括低功耗采集模式和高效率采集 模式。
[0082] 在本发明实施例中， 可以设置一个频率不变或者频率变化的吋钟， 按照预设的 吋钟主动地进行定吋检测， 在不进行检测吋， 电能采集量检测模块可以进入休 眠状态以节省能耗； 当然， 也可以令电能采集量检测模块保持休眠状态， 直到 被唤醒后进行一次检测， 检测后继续恢复到休眠状态以节省能耗。
[0083] 优选地， 唤醒可以通过电量计或者比较器检测电能存储单元中的电荷或电压， 当电能存储单元中的电荷或电压达到预设阈值后， 电量计或者比较器发出报警 信号， 唤醒电能采集量检测模块。
[0084] 值得说明的是， 上述数据模型中包含互相具有对应关系多种参数， 步骤 S202中 査表即可以是直接査表， 也可以通过函数关系或者调用关系査表， 通过一个参 数及其对应关系可以査询到对应的另一个参数。
[0085] 作为本发明一实施例， 低功耗采集模式通过预设功率采集所述微弱电能量； [0086] 高效率采集模式采用 MPPT控制采集， 通过 MPPT选取最优参数和最佳功耗平衡 电压点， 根据最优参数和最佳功耗平衡电压点采集所述微弱电能量。
[0087] 进一步地， 电能采集量检测模块 123至少包括下述检测模块之一：
[0088] 第一检测模块 1231， 用于定吋检测输入电流或输入电压或输入电荷， 将当前的 输入电流或输入电压或输入电荷作为所述电能采集量， 该输入电流或输入电压 或输入电荷由环境中的微弱能量转换而成；
[0089] 第二检测模块 1232， 用于定吋检测电能存储单元的电压， 将该电压作为电能采 集量。
[0090] 作为本发明一优选实施例， 电能采集量检测模块 123还可以包括 MCU和检测电 路 1233;
[0091] 检测电路 1233包括：
[0092] 第一幵关管 Ql、 第二幵关管 Q2及电感 L1 ;
[0093] 第一幵关管 Q1和第二幵关管 Q2的电流输入端均与 MCU中 SOC的电源端 VDD连 接， 第一幵关管 Q1的电流输出端通过电感 L1与转换单元 11连接， 第一幵关管 Q1 的控制端与 MCU中 SOC的第一输出使能端 EN1连接， 第二幵关管 Q2的电流输出 端与电能存储单元 2连接， 第二幵关管 Q2的控制端与 MCU中 SOC的第二输出使能 端 EN2连接。
[0094] 作为本发明一优选实施例， 电感 L1是 MCU外部的器件； 而第一幵关管 Ql、 第 二幵关管 Q2既可以设置于 MCU外部， 也可以利用 MCU内部的幵关管实现， 利用
MCU内部的幵关管建立检测电路 1233功耗更低。
[0095] 对于第一幵关管 Ql、 第二幵关管 Q2设置于 MCU外部， 幵关管通过 MCU的引脚 与 SOC的输出使能端连接；
[0096] 对于第一幵关管 Ql、 第二幵关管 Q2是 MCU内部的幵关管， 通过 SOC对 MCU进 行配置， 利用 MCU中电流较大的两个幵关管与 SOC的使能端连接。
[0097] 作为本发明一实施例， 检测电路 1233还可以包括：
[0098] 第三幵关管 Q3、 第四幵关管 Q4、 第五幵关管 Q5、 电容 C2和电容 C3;
[0099] 第三幵关管 Q3和第五幵关管 Q5的电流输入端均与 MCU中 SOC的电源端连接， 第三幵关管 Q3的电流输出端与电容 C2的一端连接， 电容 C2的另一端与电容 C3的 一端连接， 电容 C3的另一端与转换单元 11连接， 电容 C2的另一端还与第四幵关 管 Q4的电流输入端连接， 第四幵关管 Q4的电流输出端接地， 第五幵关管 Q5的电 流输出端与电能存储单元 2连接， 第三幵关管 Q3的控制端与 MCU中 SOC的第一输 出使能端 EN1连接， 第四幵关管 Q4的控制端与 MCU中 SOC的第二输出使能端 EN 2连接， 第五幵关管 Q5的控制端与 MCU中 SOC的第三输出使能端 EN3连接。
[0100] 同样， 第三幵关管 Q3-第五幵关管 Q5可以设置于 MCU的外部或内部。
[0101] 优选地， 第一幵关管 Q1-第五幵关管 Q5均可以采用功耗较小的 MOS管实现。
[0102] 作为本发明一优选实施例， 采集单元 12还可以包括：
[0103] 输入电流检测单元 124， 用于定吋检测输入电流， 当输入电流等于零吋， 切断 转换单元 11与采集单元 12的连接关系， 关断采集， 当输入电流大于 0或预设阈值 吋， 建立转换单元 11与采集单元 12连接关系， 启动采集；
[0104] 该输入电流由环境中的微弱能量转换而成。
[0105] 通过单向导通器件在输入电流等于零吋， 关断采集， 在输入电流大于预设阈值 吋， 启动采集； 单向导通器件连接于转换单元与采集单元之间； 或
[0106] 通过采集单元定吋检测输入电流， 当输入电流等于零吋， 关断采集； 当输入电 流大于 0或预设阈值吋， 启动采集。
[0107] 作为本发明一实施例， 该微能量采集装置还可以包括：
[0108] 电压复位监控单元 13， 用于将微弱电能量进行电压幵关处理， 将不稳定的微弱 电能量转换为间断输出的能量， 例如具有一定宽度的脉冲信号， 该电压复位监 控单元 13连接于转换单元 11与采集单元 12之间。
[0109] 在本发明实施例中， 电压幵关处理具体是指将微弱电能量与预设阈值进行比较
， 若微弱电能量大于预设阈值， 则输出高电位， 若微弱电能量小于阈值， 则输 出低电位， 因此输出的能量为间断的信号。
[0110] 优选地， 该电压复位监控单元 13包括：
[0111] 电压复位监控芯片 U1和电容 C1 ;
[0112] 电压复位监控芯片 U1的输入端 IN与转换单元 11连接， 电压复位监控芯片 U1的 输入端 IN还通过电容 C1接地， 电压复位监控芯片 U1的输出端 OUT与采集单元 12 连接。 [0113] 对于微能量采集装置的实施例的实现原理以及采集实施示例， 请参见微能量采 集方法实施例的表述。
[0114] 本发明实施例的另一目的在于， 提供一种包括上述微能量采集装置的微能量供 电器。
[0115] 本发明实施例通过现有 IC、 器件进行分段采集， 实现以极低的功耗采集环境中 的微弱能量， 实现了微安级的电流采集， 填补了目前的技术空白， 降低了能量 采集单位的门槛， 增加能量采集的适用范围， 突破了能量采集的环境限制， 扩 展了清洁能源的应用领域。
[0116] 以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本发明的精神 和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范 围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种微能量采集方法， 其特征在于， 所述方法包括：
将环境中的微弱能量转换为微弱电能量；
通过 SOC采集所述微弱电能量， 并输出给电能存储单元。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述通过 SOC采集所述微弱 电能量的步骤包括：
建立数据模型， 所述数据模型具有电能采集量与采集模式之间的对应 关系；
主动定吋检测当前的电能采集量或被动唤醒检测当前的电能采集量， 根据当前的电能采集量在所述数据模型中査表， 得到对应的采集模式 ， 所述采集模式至少包括低功耗采集模式和高效率采集模式； 启动对应的采集模式进行微能量采集。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述主动定吋检测当前的电 能采集量的步骤至少包括下述方式之一：
方式一： 定吋检测输入电流或输入电压或输入电荷， 将当前的输入电 流或输入电压或输入电荷作为所述电能采集量， 所述输入电流或输入 电压或输入电荷由环境中的微弱能量转换而成； 方式二： 定吋检测电能存储单元的电压， 将所述电压作为所述电能采
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述低功耗采集模式通过预 设功率采集所述微弱电能量；
所述高效率采集模式采用 MPPT控制采集， 通过 MPPT选取最优参数 和最佳功耗平衡电压点， 根据最优参数和最佳功耗平衡电压点采集所 述微弱电能量。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述通过 SOC采集所述微弱 电能量的步骤还包括：
定吋检测输入电流， 当所述输入电流等于零吋， 关断采集； 当所述输入电流大于 0或预设阈值吋， 启动采集； 所述输入电流由环境中的微弱能量转换而成。
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在所述将环境中的微弱能量 转换为微弱电能量的步骤之后， 所述通过 SOC采集所述微弱电能量， 并输出给电能存储单元的步骤之前还包括：
将所述微弱电能量进行电压复位处理， 将不稳定的微弱电能量转换为 间断输出的能量。
[权利要求 7] 一种微能量采集装置， 与电能存储单元连接， 其特征在于， 所述装置 包括：
转换单元， 用于将环境中的微弱能量转换为微弱电能量；
采集单元， 用于通过 SOC采集所述微弱电能量， 并输出给电能存储单 元， 所述采集单元连接于所述转换单元与所述电能存储单元之间。
[权利要求 8] 如权利要求 7所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述采集单元包括：
建模模块， 用于建立数据模型， 所述数据模型具有电能采集量与采集 模式之间的对应关系；
计吋器， 用于生成吋钟信号；
电能采集量检测模块， 用于根据吋钟信号主动定吋检测当前的电能采 集量或被动唤醒检测当前的电能采集量， 根据当前的电能采集量在所 述数据模型中査表， 得到对应的采集模式， 并启动对应的采集模式进 行微能量采集， 所述采集模式至少包括低功耗采集模式和高效率采集 模式。
[权利要求 9] 如权利要求 8所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述电能采集量检测模块至 少包括下述检测模块之一：
第一检测模块， 用于定吋检测输入电流或输入电压或输入电荷， 将当 前的输入电流或输入电压或输入电荷作为所述电能采集量， 所述输入 电流或输入电压或输入电荷由环境中的微弱能量转换而成； 第二检测模块， 用于定吋检测电能存储单元的电压， 将所述电压作为 所述电能采集量。
[权利要求 10] 如权利要求 8所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述低功耗采集模式通过预 设功率采集所述微弱电能量；
所述高效率采集模式采用 MPPT控制采集， 通过 MPPT选取最优参数 和最佳功耗平衡电压点， 根据最优参数和最佳功耗平衡电压点采集所 述微弱电能量。
如权利要求 7所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述采集单元还包括： 输入电流检测单元， 用于定吋检测输入电流， 当所述输入电流等于零 吋， 切断转换单元与采集单元的连接关系， 关断采集， 当所述输入电 流大于 0或预设阈值吋， 建立转换单元与采集单元连接关系， 启动采 集；
所述输入电流由环境中的微弱能量转换而成。
如权利要求 11所述的装置， 其特征在于， 通过单向导通器件在所述输 入电流等于零吋， 关断采集， 在所述输入电流大于预设阈值吋， 启动 采集； 所述单向导通器件连接于转换单元与采集单元之间； 或 通过采集单元定吋检测输入电流， 当所述输入电流等于零吋， 关断采 集； 当所述输入电流大于 0或预设阈值吋， 启动采集。
如权利要求 7所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述装置还包括： 电压复位监控单元， 用于将所述微弱电能量进行电压幵关处理， 将不 稳定的微弱电能量转换为间断输出的能量， 所述电压复位监控单元连 接于所述转换单元与所述采集单元之间。
如权利要求 13所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述电压复位监控单元包括 电压复位监控芯片和电容 C1 ;
所述电压复位监控芯片的输入端与所述转换单元连接， 所述电压复位 监控芯片的输入端还通过所述电容 C1接地， 所述电压复位监控芯片 的输出端与所述采集单元连接。
如权利要求 8所述的装置， 其特征在于， 电能采集量检测模块包括 MC U和检测电路；
所述检测电路包括： 第一幵关管、 第二幵关管、 电感 L1 ;
所述第一幵关管和所述第二幵关管的电流输入端均与所述 MCU中 SO C的电源端连接， 所述第一幵关管的电流输出端通过所述电感 L1与所 述转换单元连接， 所述第一幵关管的控制端与所述 MCU中 S0C的第 一输出使能端连接， 所述第二幵关管的电流输出端与所述电能存储单 元连接， 所述第二幵关管的控制端与所述 MCU中 S0C的第二输出使 能端连接；
或， 所述检测电路包括：
第三幵关管、 第四幵关管、 第五幵关管、 电容 C2和电容 C3;
所述第三幵关管和所述第五幵关管的电流输入端均与所述 MCU中 SO C的电源端连接， 所述第三幵关管的电流输出端与所述电容 C2的一端 连接， 所述电容 C2的另一端与所述电容 C3的一端连接， 所述电容 C3 的另一端与所述转换单元连接， 所述电容 C2的另一端还与所述第四 幵关管的电流输入端连接， 所述第四幵关管的电流输出端接地， 所述 第五幵关管的电流输出端与所述电能存储单元连接， 所述第三幵关管 的控制端与所述 MCU中 S0C的第一输出使能端连接， 所述第四幵关 管的控制端与所述 MCU中 S0C的第二输出使能端连接， 所述第五幵 关管的控制端与所述 MCU中 S0C的第三输出使能端连接。
[权利要求 16] —种微能量供电器， 其特征在于， 所述微能量供电器包括如权利要求
7-15任一项所述的微能量采集装置。
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