WO2018107557A1 - 垂直起升钻机 - Google Patents

垂直起升钻机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018107557A1
WO2018107557A1 PCT/CN2017/071208 CN2017071208W WO2018107557A1 WO 2018107557 A1 WO2018107557 A1 WO 2018107557A1 CN 2017071208 W CN2017071208 W CN 2017071208W WO 2018107557 A1 WO2018107557 A1 WO 2018107557A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
derrick
section
base
lifting
sections
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/071208
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗锐
张婷
欧小武
杨琼华
许月刚
李桂宣
夏宏克
张伟
Original Assignee
四川宏华石油设备有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 四川宏华石油设备有限公司 filed Critical 四川宏华石油设备有限公司
Priority to US16/470,075 priority Critical patent/US11028651B2/en
Publication of WO2018107557A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018107557A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/04—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
    • B66C13/08—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for depositing loads in desired attitudes or positions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
    • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
    • B66D1/02—Driving gear
    • B66D1/08—Driving gear incorporating fluid motors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/34—Arrangements for erecting or lowering towers, masts, poles, chimney stacks, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/14—Racks, ramps, troughs or bins, for holding the lengths of rod singly or connected; Handling between storage place and borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
    • E21B7/023—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting the mast being foldable or telescopically retractable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a drilling machine for oil and gas drilling, in particular to a medium and deep well drilling rig in a mountainous and hilly area with limited wellsite conditions.
  • the K-type and A-type derricks used in the existing drilling rigs are all required to be installed horizontally, and then the main winch or cylinder is used for lifting, and the floor space is large.
  • the base of the existing drilling rig is a screw-up base or a box-stack base, which has a large installation workload and high operation requirements.
  • the existing derrick is divided into pieces for transport and sheet-like installation. The base is divided into many parts for transportation and assembly. It not only has many transportation times and high transportation costs, but also takes time and effort to reach the well site, and the hooks and tops of the rides. Drives, swimming wire ropes and other equipment can only be installed after the derrick, base is installed or lifted, and the entire rig is installed for a long time.
  • Chinese patent document CN2644655Y discloses a K-type self-elevating derrick.
  • Each section of the derrick is an overall truss structure.
  • the derrick's own hoisting mechanism, positioning device and guiding device are used to vertically lift the derrick sections and complete the derrick.
  • the splicing solves the problems in the above derrick installation.
  • each section of the derrick needs to be directly hoisted into the base section to lift, which not only requires the base section to have a large opening, is not conducive to the lifting and installation of the top layer of the base, but also requires multiple workers to cooperate.
  • the operation is connected to each section of the derrick placed in the base section, which has high labor intensity and low work efficiency.
  • the lifting mechanism of the derrick can only meet the shorter sections of the derrick, so the derrick of the medium and deep well drilling rig is divided into many sections.
  • the present invention is directed to optimizing the problems associated with the above-described drilling machine installation.
  • the present invention provides a vertical hoisting rig, which is mainly composed of a crane, a cruiser, a top drive, a derrick, a base, and a two-story platform.
  • the derrick is formed by splicing a plurality of derrick modules, including a connection base.
  • the fourth section of the derrick, the third section of the derrick, the second section of the derrick, and the lower end of the derrick section are provided with lifting lifting ears; the lower ends of the front and rear columns of the fourth section of the derrick, the third section of the derrick, and the upper ends of the front and rear columns of the second section of the derrick, The lower end, and the upper end of the column of the derrick section are provided with pin holes for connecting with the adjacent derrick section pins;
  • the upper end of the derrick base section is provided with a fixed pulley block and a guiding pulley; the four sections of the derrick, the third section of the derrick, the second section of the derrick, and the derrick section of the derrick are mounted with a movable pulley block at the lower end of the lifting hoist at the active vertical lifting, and the hoisting wire rope After exiting the lifting device, the guide pulley is bypassed, and the movable pulley block and the fixed pulley block are wound to fix the rope head on the top of the movable pulley block.
  • the derrick is directly spliced by each module, and no sheet-like installation is required; each module can be transported separately, using direct The whole loading, or simply disassembling two loadings, or simply folding and loading the car, no need to split the sheet.
  • the four sections for installing the crane and the derrick can be directly loaded as a whole; for example, the base section of the derrick is divided into two sections of the upper section of the derrick base section and the lower section of the derrick base section, and the lower section of the derrick base section is divided into two parallel rectangular frame structures.
  • the upper section of the derrick base section can be easily decomposed into two equal parts for loading; for example, the derrick three sections and the remaining sections of the derrick are disclosed by the applicant's previous Chinese patent ZL201520653221.9 (patent name: foldable derrick).
  • the folding derrick is simply folded for loading.
  • the assembly of each derrick can be completed by simple operation, and then the derricks are lifted and installed in the following order: the base is installed in position; the derrick base is erected and fixed to the base; Vertically lifting the four sections of the derrick to the front of the opening of the derrick base section and slowly pushing it into the base section of the derrick; the upper section of the third section of the derrick, the second section of the derrick and the section of the derrick are horizontally placed at the opening of the base section of the derrick, The pin hole at the upper end of the front pillar is connected with the pin hole pin of the rear end of the front pillar of the adjacent upper derrick that has been placed in the base section of the derrick, and the pin hole of the rear pillar is installed with the trolley; the adjacent upper derrick actively drives the vertical hoisting The derrick slides into the base section of the derrick and is passively raised to a vertical state; the pin shaft connects the pin hole at the rear end of the rear pillar of
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the invention has convenient and rapid transportation and installation of the derrick, which not only improves the working efficiency, but also saves the well site space, thereby reducing the drilling cost.
  • the third section of the derrick, the second section of the derrick, and the section of the derrick are horizontally placed and pulled into the opening of the base section of the derrick, and the size requirement of the opening of the derrick base section is much smaller than that of the vertical erection directly placed.
  • the active hoisting of the upper derrick drives the lower derrick to slide into the derrick base section and passively rise to the vertical state, thereby reducing the manual operation when the vertical erection is placed.
  • the upper end of the derrick base section is provided with a fixed pulley block and a guiding pulley
  • the hoisting lifting lug is mounted on the lifting lug at the lower end of the hoisting section when the hoisting section is actively hoisted, and the hoisting wire rope is bypassed from the hoisting device.
  • the rope lifting method and the lifting system of the lifting and lifting wire rope have high lifting height and small lifting. The power is more convenient for the lifting of the long section and is more suitable for the derrick of the medium and deep well drilling rig.
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the present invention is characterized in that: the base is mainly composed of an intermediate module with a hydraulic turntable and an intermediate seat, and a module of a right transport module and a left transport module, wherein the right/left transport
  • the module consists of a right/left lower seat and a right/left upper seat.
  • the base frame of the derrick is mounted on the bottom layer of the base including the lower right seat and the lower left seat fixed by the tie rods.
  • the top layer of the base, including the upper right seat, the upper left seat and the intermediate module, is lifted by the derrick base section under the traction of the hoisting device.
  • the base mainly comprises a right transport module, a left transport module, an intermediate module and a tie rod.
  • the base is directly spliced by each module, and the installation is simple; each module can be transported separately, using direct integral loading, or simply disassembling two pieces of loading.
  • the intermediate mold is mainly composed of a hydraulic turntable and an intermediate seat. The structure of the left transport module and the right transport module are identical, and the intermediate modules are symmetrically arranged.
  • the installation sequence of the base is as follows: firstly draw the wellbore center line in the well site, place the left transport module and the right transport module in place, and connect the right lower seat and the left lower seat with a tie rod to form the bottom layer of the base; the lifting intermediate module is in the upper left seat, The upper right seat is fixedly connected to form a top layer of the base. Under the traction of a power unit such as a cylinder or a winch, the top layer of the base is separated from the bottom layer of the base and guided by the base section of the derrick to complete the lifting. Therefore, the vertical hoisting rig of the present invention has convenient and rapid transportation and installation of the base, which not only improves work efficiency, but also saves well site space, thereby reducing drilling cost.
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the present invention is further characterized in that: the derrick is a front opening derrick, and the four sections of the derrick have a large and small contraction structure, an external rig and a derrick three sections, and a derrick two.
  • An outer frame of the same section of the derrick; the third section of the derrick, the second section of the derrick, the front and rear columns of the derrick section, and the outer frame surface of the fourth section of the derrick are provided with guide rails made of wear-resistant materials;
  • a front plate is fixed on the front and rear pillars; when the other sections of the derrick are lifted, the rail strip slides on the surface of the centering plate.
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the invention is a K-type derrick (ie, a front open derrick), and has a derrick base section, a derrick section, a derrick second section, a derrick three sections, and a derrick four sections, which can be used for drilling in medium and deep wells.
  • the outer frame of the four sections of the derrick and the three sections of the derrick, the second section of the derrick, and the section of the derrick have the same size and cross section. It is more convenient to use the same method to pull the upper section in the derrick base section of the same structure (the section has been fixedly connected with the above sections and moved together) ) Drive the next paragraph.
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the present invention is characterized in that: the upper end of the derrick base section is provided with a support block assembly for supporting the remaining sections of the derrick placed in the derrick base section; the support block assembly is mainly composed of The support block, the handle and the block are composed of the block, wherein the block is fixed on the beam of the base section of the derrick, and the support block is hinged to the front column and the rear column of the base section of the derrick, and the handle is pulled to drive the support block to rotate to the lower plane around the hinge. Reach on the pad.
  • the support block assembly is located in the upper section of the derrick base section, a total of four, symmetrically distributed in the horizontal direction, providing support during the derrick lifting process.
  • the support block is rotated around the hinge by pulling the handle, and the support block assembly is in a supporting state when the lower plane of the support block falls on the block on the beam of the derrick base section, and the derrick is placed in the inner frame of the derrick base section.
  • the remaining sections provide support to prevent falling.
  • the lifted part is temporarily in a stable position by the support block assembly to facilitate the operation of the derrick to connect between the sections.
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the present invention is further characterized in that: the derrick base section is located above the support block assembly and further comprises a pressure block assembly, and is pressed in the remaining sections of the derrick after the lifting is completed. , compacting the derrick The lower beam, the derrick base section and the remaining sections of the derrick that have been lifted are fixed. When the briquetting assembly is in a non-compacting state, the remaining sections of the derrick can be lifted and lowered smoothly in the derrick base section without being affected by the briquetting assembly.
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the present invention is further characterized in that: the two front pillars of the derrick base section are further provided with not less than one pair of movable door bolts, and the remaining derricks corresponding to the derrick base section The section is framed and righted out.
  • the movable door bolt has two states of extension and retraction. When the state is extended, the remaining sections of the derrick placed in the base section of the derrick can be framed and righted. When the state is retracted, the opening of the base section of the derrick can be free from the movable door. The impact of the bolt makes the rest of the derrick smoothly enter.
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the present invention is characterized in that: the two sides of the lower end of the derrick base section are provided with small winches which are dragged into the derrick by ropes to the vertical state.
  • a small winch can be arranged at the lower end of the two rear pillars of the derrick base section, and is used for dragging the derrick sections of the inner frame of the derrick base section vertically, so as to facilitate the rear pillar pin hole of the rear derrick and the rear pillar pin hole of the front derrick Centering the shaft.
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the present invention is characterized in that: the vertical hoisting rig further comprises a derrick mounting frame mainly composed of a frame body, a guide rail, a leg and a table rail; the derrick three sections and the derrick two sections During the lifting process of the derrick, the pin hole of the rear column is installed with the pulley, and the adjacent upper derrick vertically drives the pulley of the derrick to slide on the guide rail and the table rail of the derrick mounting frame.
  • the derrick mount provides support when the derrick is installed in each section. Wherein, the table rail is placed on the middle seat surface of the base when in use, which is an extension of the guide rail.
  • the rear pin hole is installed with the pulley, and the sliding block slides on the guide rail and the table rail to make the opening of the base section of the derrick smoother.
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the present invention is characterized in that: the outer surface of the column of the derrick base section is provided with a guide rail, and the right and left upper seats of the base are provided with an opening opening with a rail groove; The lifting of the guide rail groove on the guide rail of the derrick base section realizes the lifting; the translation device of the multi-angle steering is built under the right and left lower seats of the base.
  • the hoisting of the base on the base section of the derrick is smoother by the cooperation of the guide rail and the guide groove.
  • the vertical hoisting rig of the present invention is characterized in that: a translation device capable of multi-angle steering is built under the right and left lower seats of the base; the lifting device is a hydraulic winch or cylinder placed on the bottom layer of the base. .
  • the panning device and the lifting device can be transported together with the right transport module and the left transport module of the base, thereby reducing disassembly and assembly during the change of the field.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a jack-up drill according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the derrick 2 of Figure 1 in a state in which the module is in an exploded state;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the right module of the base 6 of FIG. 1 before installation;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the right module of FIG. 3 after installation
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the intermediate module and the left and right modules of the base 6 of FIG. 1 before installation;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the intermediate module and the left and right modules of FIG. 5 after installation;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the intermediate module and the left and right modules of FIG. 6 before being fixedly connected;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the intermediate module and the left and right modules of FIG. 7 after being fixedly connected;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the lifting of the derrick base section 2-1 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of the derrick mount 14 of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the hoisting wire rope stringing method of an embodiment of the hoisting rig according to the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of the derrick base section 2-1 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the operation state transition of the press block assembly 2-1-4 and the support block assembly 2-1-5 of Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a front elevational view of the derrick four sections 2-5 of Figure 1 placed in the derrick base section 2-1 to be lifted;
  • Figure 15 is a side elevational view of the derrick four sections 2-5 of Figure 1 placed in the derrick base section 2-1 to be lifted;
  • Figure 16 is an enlarged view of a in Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural view of the crane 1 of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic view showing a method of threading a drill wire rope according to an embodiment of a jack-up rig according to the present invention
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view of the truss three sections 2-4 to be lifted in Figure 1;
  • Figure 20 is an enlarged view of the portion b in Figure 19;
  • Figure 21 is an enlarged view of c in Figure 19;
  • Figure 22 is a schematic view showing the 3-4 lifting process of the three sections of the derrick of Figure 19;
  • Figure 23 is an enlarged view of d in Figure 22;
  • Figure 24 is a schematic view showing the installation of the two-story table 2-6 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 25 is an enlarged view of e in Figure 24;
  • Figure 26 is a schematic view showing the installation of the top drive 4 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 27 is a schematic view of the derrick 2 of Figure 1 ascending into position
  • Figure 28 is an enlarged view of the portion f in Figure 27;
  • Figure 29 is a schematic view of the base 6 of Figure 1 after it is raised into position;
  • Figure 30 is an enlarged view of the portion g in Figure 29;
  • Figure 31 is a plan view of the base 6 of Figure 29;
  • Figure 32 is a left side view of the base 6 of Figure 29;
  • Figure 33 is a perspective view of the base 6 of Figure 29;
  • Figure 34 is a schematic view showing the manner in which the cylinder hoisting wire rope is worn by another embodiment of the hoisting rig according to the present invention.
  • the new vertical hoisting rig is mainly composed of a crane 1, a derrick 2, a cruiser 3, a top drive 4, a hydraulic turntable 5, a base 6, a direct drive winch 7, and a translation device 8.
  • the derrick 2 is a K-type derrick (ie, the front open derrick), which consists of the derrick base section 2-1, the derrick section 2-2, the derrick section 2 2-3, the derrick section 3 2-4, the derrick section 4-5 (Installing the crane 1 and the cruiser 3) and the second floor 2-6 are connected.
  • the minimum spacing of the inner frame of the derrick base section 2-1 is not less than the maximum spacing of the corresponding outer frames of the remaining derrick sections, and on the other hand, it is ensured that the remaining derrick sections are smoothly lifted from the inside of the frame of the derrick base section 2-1, and On the one hand, space is reserved to arrange the pulley block to provide lifting power. Due to the connection of the crane, the 4-5 of the derrick has a large and small contraction state. In order to ensure that the four sections of the derrick 2-5 are lifted in the inner frame of the derrick base section 2-1, an outer frame 2-5-6 as shown in Fig. 17 is provided.
  • the outer surface of the derrick section 2-2, the derrick 2 section 2-3, the derrick section 3 2-4, and the outer surface of the pedestal as shown in Figure 14
  • the outer frame 2-5-6 of the 4-5 of the derrick is provided with a rail strip 2-5-5, and the rail strip is elongated and composed of wear-resistant materials.
  • each of the two ends of the lower end of the four sections of the derrick is provided with a lifting lug.
  • the lower ends of the two front pillars are provided with front pillar pin holes, and the lower ends of the two rear pillars are provided with rear pillar pin holes.
  • each of the two sides of the lower end of the three sections of the derrick is provided with a lifting lug 2-4-1 in the middle, and the upper end and the lower end of the front pillar are provided with a front pillar pin hole 2-5-2-1, and then The upper and lower ends of the column are provided with rear pillar pin holes 2-4-4-1, and the two front pillars 2-4-4 are provided with hooks 2-4-2 and ear plates 2-4-3 for fixing the two-story table.
  • each of the two ends of the lower end of the second section of the derrick is provided with a lifting lug.
  • the upper and lower ends of the front pillar are provided with front pillar pin holes, and the upper and lower ends of the rear pillar are provided with rear pillar pin holes;
  • the front end of the front pillar is provided with a front pillar pin hole, and the upper end of the rear pillar is provided with a rear pillar pin hole.
  • the above derrick 2 is formed by splicing modules. As shown in Fig. 2, the derrick base section 2-1 is divided into two modules: the upper section of the derrick base section 2-1-1 and the lower section of the derrick base section 2-1-2, and the derrick section is 2- 2. The second section of the derrick 2-3, the derrick three sections 2-4, the derrick four sections 2-5 (including the crane 1 and the cruise 3) and the second floor 2-6 as a module.
  • the derrick 2 is directly spliced by each module, and does not need to be mounted in a sheet shape; each module can be transported separately, directly loaded as a whole, or simply disassembled into two loadings, or simply folded and loaded, without having to split the sheet.
  • the 2-5 of the derrick can be directly loaded as a whole, and the lower section of the derrick base section is split into two parallel rectangular frame structures for loading.
  • the upper section of the derrick base section can be easily decomposed into two equals.
  • the base 6 is formed by splicing modules. As shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 8 and FIG. 31, the base 6 mainly has a right transport module 6-2, a left transport module 6-1 and an intermediate module 6-3 (hydraulic turntable 5 and The intermediate seat 6-3-1) and the tie rod 6-4 are composed.
  • the base 6 is directly spliced by each module, and the installation is simple; each module can be transported separately, using a direct overall loading, or simply disassembling two pieces of loading.
  • the intermediate module 6-3 is mainly composed of a hydraulic turntable 5 and an intermediate seat 6-3-1.
  • the left transport module and the right transport module are identical in structure and are arranged symmetrically about the intermediate module 6-3.
  • the right transport module includes a right upper seat 6-2-1, a lower right seat 6-2-2, a translation device 8 and a lifting hydraulic winch 13, and a right upper seat 6-2-1 below the limited position ear plate 6-2-1-1 , the lower right seat 6-2-2 above the limited seat 6-2-2-1.
  • the limiting ear plate 6-2-1-1 and the limiting ear seat 6-2-2-1 are connected through the pin 6-2-3 to restrict the upper right seat from swinging up and down relative to the lower right seat (from the base) Remove the pin 6-2-3 before lifting.)
  • a lifting lug 6-3-1-1 is arranged on the intermediate seat 6-3-1 of the base as a lifting point when the base 6 is lifted.
  • the upper left seat and the upper right seat are provided with the upper opening 6-2-1-2, and the rail slot 6-1-1-3 is designed at both ends of the opening, and the rail slot 6-1-1-3 is lifted when the base is lifted Slide on the guide rail 2-1-2-1 located on the derrick base section 2-1.
  • the derrick base section 2-1 undertakes the base and the remaining sections of the derrick, which are important load-bearing parts when the rig is working, and play a guiding and lifting role during the lifting process of the derrick and the base.
  • the derrick base section 2-1 is from the upper section of the derrick base section 2-1-1
  • the lower section of the derrick base section 2-1-2 is bolted.
  • the lower section of the derrick base section 2-1-2 is composed of two parallel rectangular parallelepiped frames composed of a front pillar 2-1-14, a rear pillar 2-1-15, an upper beam (not shown), and a lower beam (not shown).
  • the structure (there may be lacing inside), the lower end of the front pillar 2-1-14 and the rear pillar 2-1-15 is provided with a pin hole 2-1-12, and the derrick base section 2-1 is connected to the base 6 through the pin shaft
  • the derrick is connected to the ear mount 6-1-2-1 (Fig. 6); the outer surface of the front pillar 2-1-14 and the rear pillar 2-1-15 is provided with a guide rail 2-1-2-1 for When the base is lifted, the base rail groove 6-1-1-3 shown in FIG.
  • each of the front pillar 2-1-14 and the rear pillar 2-1-15 has two pin cylinders respectively.
  • the mounting hole 2-1-17 is used for lifting the base 6 and inserting the pin cylinder 6-8 as shown in FIG. 33 to connect the top layer of the base with the base section of the derrick; both rear pillars are on the 2-1-15
  • a small winch 2-1-7 is provided for dragging the remaining sections of the derrick entering the inner frame of the derrick base section to facilitate the rear pillar pin hole of the rear derrick and the rear pillar pin hole centering pin of the front derrick
  • the two front pillars 2-1-14 are provided with a derrick base section process hole 2-1-16 for assisting the remaining sections of the derrick entering the inner frame of the derrick base section. Pin connection.
  • the upper section of the derrick base section 2-1-1 is connected by two symmetrical "L"-shaped frames (the rear ribs and the like are omitted in the figure).
  • the support block assembly 2-1-5 is located in the upper section of the derrick base section, a total of four, horizontally symmetrically distributed in the horizontal direction, providing support during the derrick lifting process.
  • the support block assembly is mainly composed of a support block, a handle 2-1-5-2, and a spacer 2-1-18.
  • the spacer 2-1-18 is fixed on the beam of the derrick base section and supported.
  • the block is hinged to the front and rear columns via hinges 2-1-5-1.
  • the support block assembly is rotated about the hinge point 2-1-5-1 in the direction indicated by the arrow by pulling the handle 2-1-5-2, and the lower surface of the support block falls on the spacer on the beam of the base frame of the derrick.
  • the support block assembly is in a supporting state, providing support for the remaining sections of the derrick placed in the inner frame of the derrick base section to prevent falling.
  • the briquetting assembly 2-1-4 is located on the upper section of the derrick base section above the support block assembly 2-1-5, a total of 4, symmetrically distributed horizontally in the horizontal direction, and the lower cross section of the derrick section after the derrick lifting is completed.
  • the block assembly is pressed against the upper surface of the lower beam of the derrick section to prevent the derrick from swaying.
  • the pressure block assembly has two protrusions, and the horizontal protrusion moves horizontally in the direction indicated by the arrow, and slides into the clamp rail groove 2-1-19 to be in a pressed state, and the outer side is moved in the opposite direction.
  • the slide-out or inner projection slides into the clamp rail groove 2-1-19 and is released.
  • front stiffening plates 2-1-3 are fixed on the two front pillars of the derrick base section
  • back stiffening plates 2-1-13 are fixed on the two rear pillars.
  • the two front pillars of the derrick base section are also provided with four movable door bolts 2-1-6, two lower sections of the derrick base section and two upper sections of the derrick base section, which have two states of extension and retraction.
  • the hoisting derrick section When the hoisting derrick section is tilted and straightened, it protrudes and aligns with the front aligning slab 2-1-3 together with the derrick section.
  • the two upper beams of the derrick base section are fixed with a fixed pulley block mount 2-1-10 and a guide pulley.
  • Mounting seat 2-1-9 two lower beams are fixed with movable pulley block mounting seat 2-1-11.
  • the fixed pulley block 10 composed of the large pulley 10-1 and the small pulley 10-2 is mounted on the fixed pulley block mounting seat 2-1-10
  • the movable pulley block 12 composed of the large pulley 12-1 and the small pulley 12-2 is mounted to the pulley block assembly.
  • the guide pulley 9 is mounted to the guide pulley mount 2-1-9.
  • the hoisting wire rope 11 exits the hoisting hydraulic winch 13 and then bypasses the guide pulley 9 to enter the large pulley 12-1 of the movable pulley block 12 and then wraps around the large pulley 10-1 of the fixed pulley block 10, and then bypasses the small pulley 12 of the movable pulley block 12. -2 and the small pulley 10-2 of the fixed pulley block 10, and finally the rope head is fixed on the top of the movable pulley block 12.
  • the derrick mount 14 provides support when the derrick sections are installed, as shown in Figure 10, and consists primarily of the frame 14-1, the rails 14-2, the legs 14-3, and the counter rails 14-4. Among them, the table rail 14-4 is placed on the intermediate seat surface of the base when in use, which is an extension of the guide rail 14-2.
  • the derrick three sections, the derrick two sections, and the derrick section are lifted, the rear pillar pin holes are installed with the pulleys 2-8 shown in Fig. 20, and the pulleys 2-8 slide on the guide rails 14-2 and the table rails 14-4.
  • the lifting intermediate module 6-3 is between the left upper seat 6-1-1 and the upper right seat 6-2-1, the upper left seat 6-1-1, the upper right seat 6-2-1, and the top connection ear plate 6-6 through the pin shaft. 6-5 connection; arranging the derrick mount 14;
  • the upper section of the derrick base section 2-1-1 and the lower section of the derrick base section 2-1-2 are bolted and hoisted to the derrick mounting frame 14, and the derrick base section opening opening (located between the two front pillars 2-1-14) The opening) faces downward; the pin hole 2-1-12 under the front pillar is aligned with the derrick connection lug 6-1-2-1 located at the front of the lower left and lower right seats, and the pin 16 is driven; 10 is mounted to the fixed pulley block mount 2-1-10 on the derrick base section, the movable pulley block 12 is mounted to the base section movable pulley block mount 2-1-11, and the guide pulley 9 is mounted to the guide pulley mount 2-1- 9.
  • the hoisting wire rope is worn, the end of the rope head is fixed on the lifting hydraulic winch 13 and the other end is fixed on the top of the movable pulley block 12; the crane hoists the top of the derrick base section, and the derrick base section is connected around the derrick to the ear seat 6-1
  • the pin hole on the -2-1 is rotated to the vertical state, and the pin hole below the rear pillar and the derrick connection lug 6-1-2-1 located at the rear of the lower left seat and the lower right seat are centered and then the pin 15 is inserted.
  • the base and derrick base section are installed.
  • the hoisting wire rope does not play the lifting function, but it is more convenient to wear the rope when the derrick base section 2-1 is horizontally placed on the derrick mounting frame 14, and the other derrick sections only need to be lifted. Slightly adjust.
  • the derrick four sections 2-5 rely on the rail 2-5-5 to slide on the front stiffening plate 2-1-3 and the back stiffening plate 2-1-13 surface; when the derrick four sections lower front front pillar After the pin hole 2-5-2-1 is aligned with the process hole 2-1-16 of the derrick base section, the hydraulic jackch is hoisted; the front post pin hole of the upper 3-4 of the derrick three sections is 2-4-4- 1 align with the front post pin hole 2-5-2-1 at the lower end of the fourth section of the derrick to wear the pin 2-7;
  • the rear pillar pin hole 2-4-5-1 at the upper end of the three sections of the derrick is aligned with the rear pillar pin hole 2-5-3-1 at the lower end of the fourth section of the derrick and is driven into the pin 2-9 to move the gantry base section movable bolt 2-1-6 extends out of the outer frame of the third section of the derrick and the fourth section of the derrick; the lifting pulleys 12 are removed from the lifting lugs 2-5-1 at the lower end of the four sections of the derrick, and the lifting hydraulic winch 13 is driven to move the pulley block Lowering and installing the movable pulley block on the lifting lugs 2-4-1 at the lower end of the third section of the derrick;
  • Dismantle the derrick mounting bracket install the diagonal strut 6-7 to the left upper and right upper seats as shown in Figure 7 for the diagonal strut connecting lugs 6-1-11.
  • the diagonal strut is installed in six places, respectively. Left and right sides and front side; moving pulley block 12 from the derrick section 2-2 lifting lugs are removed and connected to the base lifting lugs 6-3-1-1 shown in Figure 6 in the middle seat; the lifting hydraulic winch 13 is started, and the left upper seat is 6-1-1.
  • the top of the entire base, including the upper right seat 6-2-1 and the intermediate module 6-3 is guided by the four rail slots 6-1-3 located in the upper left seat 6-1-1 and the upper right seat 6-2-1.
  • the derrick and the base can also be lifted by the oil cylinder.
  • Two lifting cylinders 25 are symmetrically arranged horizontally on both sides of the base bottom layer 29 (outside the top layer of the base), and the wire rope heads 26 of the lifting wire ropes 23 are connected to the lifting cylinders 25, bypassing the piston rods of the lifting cylinders 25.
  • the guiding pulley 27, the guiding pulley 24 on the beam and the guiding pulley 21 on the derrick base section, the wire rope head 20 is suspended inside the derrick base section and fixed on each section of the derrick and the lifting hoist of the base.
  • the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 25 moves in the cylinder guide rail, so that the wire rope head is tightened or contracted, thereby achieving lifting of each section of the derrick and the base.
  • the lowering of the derrick and the base is the reverse of the lifting process described above.
  • the hoisting rig has a vertical lifting of the base and the derrick, which not only facilitates installation, but also reduces the space occupied by the wellsite assembly operation.
  • the transportation of the base and the derrick reduces the size and the number of trains, which can effectively reduce the cost.
  • the hydraulic motor is integrated in the hydraulic turret and has a small shape.
  • the direct drive winch is used to lift the cruiser and the top drive.
  • the motor is directly driven and has no coupling.
  • the structure is simple, the efficiency is high, and the fault point is small.
  • the translating device is integrated into the left and right transport modules of the base, and does not need to be removed during moving, so that the rig can be moved in multiple directions and can be rotated in place.

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Abstract

垂直起升钻机，其井架（2）采用多段井架模块拼接而成，井架基段（2-1）的上端安装有定滑轮组（10）和导向滑轮（9），每段井架在主动垂直起升时其下端的起升吊耳（2-4-1）安装有动滑轮组（12），除天车（1）所在井段（2-5）的其余井段的上端依次水平置于井架基段（2-1）的开档口，其前立柱（2-4-4）的上端和已置入井架基段（2-1）内的上段井架的前立柱的后端连接，其后立柱（2-4-5）安装滑车（2-8）；上段井架主动垂直起升带动该段井架滑入井架基段（2-1）内并被动起升到竖直状态；连接上段井架的后立柱和该段井架的后立柱（2-4-5），并将动滑轮组（12）从上段井架的起升吊耳拆装到该段井架的起升吊耳（2-4-1）。井架（2）的运输、安装方便快速，不仅能提高工作效率，还能节省井场空间，从而降低钻井成本。

Description

垂直起升钻机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种油气钻采用钻机，尤其是井场条件受限的山区、丘陵地带的中深井钻机。
背景技术
现役钻机采用的K型、A型井架，均需水平安装，再采用主绞车或油缸起升，占地面积大。另外，现有钻机的底座为旋升式底座或者箱叠式底座，安装工作量大、操作要求高。另外，现有井架为分片运输和片状安装，底座是分为众多部件运输和组装，不仅运输车次多、运输成本高，而且到达井场后安装耗时费力，并且游车大钩、顶驱、游动钢丝绳等设备只有在井架、底座安装或者起升完后才能安装，整个钻机安装时间较长。
中国专利文献CN2644655Y公开了一种K型自升式井架，井架的各段均为整体桁架结构，利用井架自身的起升机构、定位装置、导向装置依次垂直起升井架各段并完成整个井架的拼接，解决了上述井架安装中存在的问题。然而，该专利中，井架各段均需直接吊入基段内才能起升，这不仅要求基段具有较大开档口、不利于底座顶层的起升和安装，而且还需要多名工人配合操作连接放入基段内的井架各段，劳动强度大、工作效率低。另外，由于油缸行程以及穿绳方式布局的限制，该井架的起升机构只能满足较短的井架各段，故对于中深井钻机的井架就要分成很多段。
发明内容
本发明在于优化上述钻机安装存在的问题。
为此，本发明提供了一种垂直起升钻机，主要由天车、游车、顶驱、井架、底座、二层台组成，其中井架采用多段井架模块拼接而成，包括连接底座的具有开档口的井架基段，以及从上往下用于安装天车和游车的井架四段，用于安装二层台的井架三段,位于井架基段和井架三段之间的井架二段和井架一段，其特征在于：
上述井架四段、井架三段、井架二段、井架一段的下端设有起升吊耳；井架四段的前、后立柱的下端，井架三段、井架二段的前、后立柱的上端、下端，以及井架一段的立柱的上端均设有用于和现邻的井架段销轴连接的销孔；
上述井架基段的上端安装有定滑轮组和导向滑轮；上述井架四段、井架三段、井架二段、井架一段在主动垂直起升时其下端的起升吊耳安装有动滑轮组，起升钢丝绳从起升装置出来后绕过导向滑轮，并缠绕过动滑轮组、定滑轮组后将绳头固定在动滑轮组顶部。
本发明中，井架由各模块直接拼接，无需片状安装；每个模块可单独运输，采用直接 整体装车，或简单分解两份装车，或简单折叠后装车，均无需再拆分片状。例如用于安装天车和游车井架四段可直接整体装车；例如井架基段分为井架基段上段和井架基段下段两个模块，井架基段下段拆分为两平行的长方体框架结构进行装车，井架基段上段可简单分解成均等两份进行装车；例如井架三段和井架其余各段采用本申请人前期中国专利ZL201520653221.9(专利名称：可折叠式井架)公开的可折叠式井架进行简单折叠进行装车。
井架各模块运到井场后，经简单操作即可完成各段井架的组装，然后各段井架按如下顺序起升安装：将底座安装到位；将井架基段竖起并和底座固定；用吊车竖直起吊井架四段至井架基段开档口正前方，缓慢推入井架基段内；上述井架三段、井架二段、井架一段的上端依次水平置于井架基段的开档口，其前立柱的上端的销孔和已置入井架基段内的邻接的上段井架的前立柱的后端的销孔销轴连接，其后立柱的销孔安装滑车；邻接的上段井架主动垂直起升带动该段井架滑入井架基段内并被动起升到竖直状态；销轴连接上段井架的后立柱的后端的销孔和该段井架的后立柱的前端的销孔，并将动滑轮组从上段井架的起升吊耳拆装到该段井架的起升吊耳；井架一段上端固定在井架基段上；将顶驱吊至底座上方并调整其中心对准井眼中心，用绞车下放游车至井架一段，连接游车和顶驱；启动绞车提升游车和顶驱；起升装置继续起升井架一段，将井架一段的下端固定在井架基段上，井架起升、安装完成。井架的拆卸顺序和前述起升安装顺序相反。
本发明的垂直起升钻机，其井架的运输、安装方便快速，不仅能提高工作效率，还能节省井场空间，从而降低钻井成本。
本发明中，井架三段、井架二段、井架一段均是水平放置并经牵引进入井架基段的开档口，对井架基段的开档口的尺寸要求远远小于直接竖置放入井架各段。本发明中，上段井架主动垂直起升带动下段井架滑入井架基段内并被动起升到竖直状态，减少了直接竖置放入时的人工操作。另外，该发明中，井架基段的上端安装定滑轮组和导向滑轮，被起升井段在主动垂直起升时其下端的起升吊耳安装动滑轮组，起升钢丝绳从起升装置出来后绕过导向滑轮，并缠绕过动滑轮组、定滑轮组后将绳头固定在动滑轮组顶部，这种起升起升钢丝绳的穿绳方式和起升系统，具有较高的起升高度和较小的起升动力，更方便较长井段的起升，更适应于中深井钻机的井架。
同理，本发明的垂直起升钻机，其特征还在于：上述底座主要由带有液压转盘和中间座的中间模块，和右运输模块、左运输模块进行模块拼接而成，其中右/左运输模块由右/左下座、右/左上座组成，上述井架基段安装在由拉杆固定的右下座、左下座在内的底座底层上， 右上座、左上座和中间模块在内的底座顶层在起升装置牵引下经井架基段导向完成起升。
本发明中，底座主要有右运输模块、左运输模块和中间模块及拉杆组成。底座由各模块直接拼接，安装简单；每个模块可单独运输，采用直接整体装车，或简单分解两块装车。中间模主要由液压转盘和中间座组成。左运输模块和右运输模块结构完全相同，关于中间模块对称布置。底座的安装顺序如下：首先在井场画好井眼中心线，将左运输模块和右运输模块摆放到位，用拉杆将右下座、左下座连接起来形成底座底层；吊装中间模块在左上座、右上座之间并固定连接形成底座顶层。在油缸或绞车等动力装置牵引下，底座顶层和底座底层分离并经井架基段导向完成起升。因此，本发明的垂直起升钻机，其底座的运输、安装也方便快速，不仅能提高工作效率，还能节省井场空间，从而降低钻井成本。
作为进一步细化，本发明的垂直起升钻机，其特征还在于：上述井架是前开口式井架，上述井架四段呈下大上小的收缩结构，外部加装有和井架三段、井架二段、井架一段相同截面的外框架；井架三段、井架二段、井架一段的前、后立柱，以及井架四段的外框架表面设有耐磨材料制成的导轨条；上述井架基段的前、后立柱上固定有扶正板；上述井架其余各段起升时，前述导轨条在扶正板的表面滑动。该发明的垂直起升钻机，井架是K型井架(即前开口式井架)，具有井架基段、井架一段、井架二段、井架三段、井架四段，可用于中深井钻采。井架四段的外框架和井架三段、井架二段、井架一段具有相同大小截面更方便在同一结构的井架基段内采用相同方法牵引上段(该段已经和其以上各段固定连接，一起运动)带动下段。且井架三段、井架二段、井架一段的前、后立柱以及井架四段的外框架的导轨条和井架基段的前、后立柱上的扶正板配合，使得井架其余各段在井架基段内起升时得到导向而更加顺畅。
作为进一步优化，本发明的垂直起升钻机，其特征还在于：上述井架基段的上端设有对置入井架基段的井架其余各段提供支撑的支撑块总成；支撑块总成主要由支撑块、把手、垫块组成，其中垫块固定在井架基段的横梁上，支撑块经铰接在井架基段的前立柱、后立柱，扳动把手带动支撑块绕着铰接处旋转到下平面抵在垫块上。支撑块总成位于井架基段上段，共4个，水平方向左右对称分布，在井架起升过程中提供支撑作用。通过扳动把手，使支撑块绕着铰接处旋转，支撑块下平面落在位于井架基段的横梁上的垫块上时支撑块总成位于支撑状态，对置入井架基段内框的井架其余各段提供支撑，防止坠落。已起升部分经支撑块总成作用临时处于稳定位置，以方便井架进行各段间连接等操作等。
作为进一步优化，本发明的垂直起升钻机，其特征还在于：上述井架基段位于支撑块总成上方还设有压块总成，在上述井架其余各段全部起升完成后处于压紧状态，压紧井架一段 的下横梁，井架基段和已经起升的其余井架各段得以固定。压块总成处于非压紧状态时，其余井架各段可不受压块总成影响而顺利的在井架基段内起升和下降。
作为进一步优化，本发明的垂直起升钻机，其特征还在于：上述井架基段的两个前立柱上还设置有不少于1对的活动门栓，对置入井架基段的井架其余各段框住、扶正。活动门栓有伸出和缩回两个状态，伸出状态时可对置入井架基段的井架其余各段框住、扶正，缩回状态时，井架基段的开档口可不受活动门栓影响而使得井架其余各段顺利的进入。
作为进一步优化，本发明的垂直起升钻机，其特征还在于：上述井架基段的下端两侧安装有经绳索拖拽置入井架各段到竖直状态的小绞车。有小绞车可设于井架基段的两个后立柱下端，用于拖拽进入井架基段内框的井架各段竖直，便于后段井架的后立柱销孔和前段井架的后立柱销孔对中打销轴。
作为进一步优化，本发明的垂直起升钻机，其特征还在于：该垂直起升钻机还包括主要由架体、导轨、支腿和台面导轨组成的井架安装架；上述井架三段、井架二段、井架一段起升过程中，其后立柱的销孔安装滑车，邻接的上段井架垂直起升时带动该段井架的滑车在井架安装架的导轨和台面导轨上滑动。井架安装架是在井架各段安装时提供支撑。其中，台面导轨在使用时放置在底座的中间座表面，是导轨的延长。在井架三段、井架二段、井架一段起升时其后立柱销孔安装滑车，滑车在导轨和台面导轨上滑动使得移入井架基段的开档口更加顺畅。
作为进一步优化，本发明的垂直起升钻机，其特征还在于：上述井架基段的立柱的外表面设有导轨，底座的右、左上座上设有带导轨槽的开档口；上述底座顶层经导轨槽在井架基段的导轨上滑动实现起升；底座的右、左下座下方内置有可多角度转向的平移装置。通过导轨和导轨槽的配合，底座在井架基段上的起升更加顺畅。
作为进一步优化，本发明的垂直起升钻机，其特征还在于：上述底座的右、左下座下方内置有可多角度转向的平移装置；上述起升装置为置于底座底层上的液压绞车或油缸。通过内置可多角度转向的平移装置和起升装置，使得平移装置、起升装置能和底座的右运输模块、左运输模块能一起搬运，减少了换场时的拆装。
附图说明
以下结合附图和具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明,为清楚起见，省略了部分零部件。
图1为本发明起升式钻机一实施例的结构示意图；
图2为图1中的井架2处于模块分解状态待运输时的示意图；
图3为图1中的底座6的右模块在安装前的结构示意图；
图4为图3中的右模块在安装后的结构示意图；
图5为图1中的底座6的中间模块和左、右模块安装前的结构示意图；
图6为图5中的中间模块和左、右模块安装后的结构示意图；
图7为图6中的中间模块和左、右模块固定连接前的结构示意图；
图8为图7中的中间模块和左、右模块固定连接后的结构示意图；
图9为图1中井架基段2-1起升示意图；
图10为图9中井架安装架14的结构示意图；
图11为本发明起升式钻机一实施例的起升钢丝绳穿绳方式示意图；
图12为图1中井架基段2-1的结构示意图；
图13为图12中压块总成2-1-4与支撑块总成2-1-5的工作状态变换示意图；
图14为图1中井架四段2-5置于井架基段2-1中待起升时主视图；
图15为图1中井架四段2-5置于井架基段2-1中待起升时侧视图；
图16为图15中a处放大图；
图17为图1中天车1的结构示意图；
图18为本发明起升式钻机一实施例的钻井钢丝绳穿绳方式示意图；
图19为图1中井架三段2-4待起升时示意图；
图20为图19中b处放大图；
图21为图19中c处放大图；
图22为图19中井架三段2-4起升过程中示意图；
图23为图22中d处放大图；
图24为图1中二层台2-6的安装示意图；
图25为图24中e处放大图；
图26为图1中顶驱4的安装示意图；
图27为图1中井架2起升到位后示意图；
图28为图27中f处放大图；
图29为图1中底座6起升到位后示意图；
图30为图29中g处放大图；
图31为图29中底座6的俯视图；
图32为图29中底座6的左视图；
图33为图29中底座6的立体视图；
图34为本发明起升式钻机另一实施例的油缸起升钢丝绳穿绳方式示意图。
图中标记：1-天车，1-1-天车主滑轮，1-2-死绳滑轮，1-3-快绳滑轮；2-井架,2-1-井架基段，2-1-1-基段上段；2-1-2-基段下段，2-1-3-前扶正板，2-1-4-压块总成，2-1-5-支撑块总成，2-1-6-活动门栓，2-1-7-小绞车，2-1-9-导向滑轮安装座，2-1-10-定滑轮组安装座，2-1-12-销孔，2-1-13-背部扶正板，2-1-14-前立柱，2-1-15-后立柱，2-1-16-井架基段工艺孔，2-1-17-销轴油缸安装孔，2-1-18-垫块，2-1-19-压块导轨槽，2-1-2-1-导轨，2-2-井架一段，2-3-井架二段，2-4-井架三段，2-4-1-起升吊耳，2-4-2-挂钩；2-4-3-耳板，2-4-4-前立柱，2-4-4-1-前立柱销孔，2-4-4-2-前立柱销孔；2-4-5-后立柱，2-4-5-1-后立柱销孔，2-4-5-2-后立柱销孔，2-4-6-导轨条，2-4-7-拖拽点，2-5-井架四段，2-5-1-起升吊耳，2-5-2-前立柱，2-5-2-1-前立柱销孔，2-5-3-后立柱，2-5-3-1-后立柱销孔，2-5-5-导轨条，2-6-二层台，2-6-1-销轴，2-6-2-耳板，2-7-销轴，2-8-滑车，2-9-销轴；3-游车，3-1-游车滑轮；4-顶驱；5-液压转盘；6-底座，6-1-左运输模块，6-1-1-左上座，6-1-1-1-斜撑杆连接耳座，6-1-1-2-顶层连接耳座，6-1-2-左下座，6-1-2-1-井架连接耳座，6-1-2-2-斜撑杆连接耳座，6-2-右运输模块，6-2-1-右上座，6-2-1-1-限位耳板，6-2-2-右下座，6-2-2-1-限位耳座，6-3-中间模块，6-3-1-中间座起升吊耳，6-3-2-连接耳板，6-4-拉杆，6-5-销轴；6-6-顶层连接耳板，6-7-斜撑杆，6-8-销轴油缸，6-9-销轴，6-1-2-3-导轨槽，6-2-1-2-上座开档口；7-直驱绞车；8-平移装置；9-导向滑轮；10-定滑轮组；11-起升钢丝绳；12-动滑轮组；13-起升液压绞车；14-井架安装架，14-1架体，14-2-导轨，14-3-支腿，14-4-台面导轨；15-销轴；16-销轴；17-死绳固定器；18-钻井钢丝绳；21-导向滑轮；23-起升钢丝绳；24-导向滑轮；25-起升油缸；26-钢丝绳头一；27-导向滑轮；28-起升油缸导轨；29-底座底层；30-钢丝绳头二。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，该新型垂直起升钻机主要由天车1、井架2、游车3、顶驱4、液压转盘5、底座6、直驱绞车7和平移装置8组成。其中，井架2是K型井架(即前开口式井架)，由井架基段2-1、井架一段2-2、井架二段2-3、井架三段2-4、井架四段2-5(安装天车1和游车3)和二层台2-6连接而成。
其中，井架基段2-1的内框的最小间距不小于其余井架各段对应外框的最大间距，一方面要保证从井架基段2-1的框架内部顺利起升其余井架各段，另一方面要预留空间来布置滑轮组提供起升动力。由于连接天车，井架四段2-5呈下大上小的收缩状态。为了保证井架四段2-5在井架基段2-1的内框起升，设置了如图17所示的外框架2-5-6。为了保证井架各段顺利起升，井架一段2-2、井架二段2-3、井架三段2-4的立柱外表面，以及如图14所示的 井架四段2-5的外框架2-5-6上设有导轨条2-5-5，导轨条呈长条状，由耐磨材料组成。如图16所示，井架四段下端两侧的每根横梁中间设有起升吊耳，两前立柱下端均设有前立柱销孔、两后立柱下端均设有后立柱销孔。如图20所示，井架三段下端两侧的每根横梁中间设有起升吊耳2-4-1，前立柱上端、下端均设有前立柱销孔2-5-2-1，后立柱上端、下端均设有后立柱销孔2-4-4-1，两跟前立柱2-4-4上设有固定二层台的挂钩2-4-2和耳板2-4-3。同理，井架二段下端两侧的每根横梁中间设有起升吊耳，前立柱上端、下端均设有前立柱销孔，后立柱上端、下端均设有后立柱销孔；井架一段的前立柱上端均设有前立柱销孔，后立柱上端均设有后立柱销孔。
上述井架2采用模块拼接而成，如图2所示，井架基段2-1分为井架基段上段2-1-1和井架基段下段2-1-2两个模块，井架一段2-2、井架二段2-3、井架三段2-4、井架四段2-5(含天车1和游车3)和二层台2-6分别作为一个模块。井架2由各模块直接拼接，无需片状安装；每个模块可单独运输，采用直接整体装车，或简单分解两份装车，或简单折叠后装车，均无需再拆分片状。如井架四段2-5可直接整体装车，井架基段下段2-1-2拆分为两平行的长方体框架结构进行装车，井架基段上段2-1-1可简单分解成均等两份进行装车，井架一段2-2、井架二段2-3、井架三段2-4采用本申请人前期中国专利ZL201520653221.9(专利名称：可折叠式井架)公开的可折叠式井架进行简单折叠进行装车。
上述底座6采用模块拼接而成，如图3至图8，以及图31所示，底座6主要有右运输模块6-2、左运输模块6-1和中间模块6-3(液压转盘5和中间座6-3-1)及拉杆6-4组成。底座6由各模块直接拼接，安装简单；每个模块可单独运输，采用直接整体装车，或简单分解两块装车。中间模块6-3主要由液压转盘5和中间座6-3-1组成。左运输模块和右运输模块结构完全相同，关于中间模块6-3对称布置。右运输模块包括右上座6-2-1、右下座6-2-2、平移装置8和起升液压绞车13，右上座6-2-1下方有限位耳板6-2-1-1，右下座6-2-2上方有限位耳座6-2-2-1。运输过程中通过销轴6-2-3连接限位耳板6-2-1-1和限位耳座6-2-2-1以限制右上座相对于右下座上下晃动(在底座起升之前就要把销轴6-2-3去掉)。底座的中间座6-3-1上布置了起升吊耳6-3-1-1，作为底座6起升时的吊点。左上座和右上座设有上座开档口6-2-1-2，开档口两端设计了导轨槽6-1-1-3，在底座起升时导轨槽6-1-1-3在位于井架基段2-1的导轨2-1-2-1上滑动。
井架基段2-1承接底座和井架其余各段，在钻机工作时是重要的承重部分，在井架和底座的起升过程中又起到导向、起升作用。如图12所示，井架基段2-1由井架基段上段2-1-1 和井架基段下段2-1-2经螺栓连接而成。
其中，井架基段下段2-1-2由前立柱2-1-14、后立柱2-1-15、上横梁(未标出)、下横梁(未标出)组成的两平行的长方体框架结构(内部可有拉筋),前立柱2-1-14、后立柱2-1-15的下端设有销孔2-1-12，经销轴将井架基段2-1连接到底座6的井架连接耳座6-1-2-1(图6)上；在前立柱2-1-14、后立柱2-1-15的外表面设有导轨2-1-2-1上，用于底座起升时如图31所示的底座导轨槽6-1-1-3在上边滑动；每根前立柱2-1-14、后立柱2-1-15上分别开有两个销轴油缸安装孔2-1-17，用来底座6起升后插入如图33所示的销轴油缸6-8将底座顶层与井架基段连接在一起；两个后立柱2-1-15上均设有小绞车2-1-7，用于拖拽进入井架基段内框的井架其余各段竖直，便于后段井架的后立柱销孔和前段井架的后立柱销孔对中打销轴；两个前立柱2-1-14上设有井架基段工艺孔2-1-16，用于辅助对进入井架基段内框的井架其余各段进行销轴连接。
其中，井架基段上段2-1-1由两对称的“L”型框架连接而成(图中后背拉筋等省略)。
另，支撑块总成2-1-5位于井架基段上段，共4个，水平方向左右对称分布，在井架起升过程中提供支撑作用。如图13所示，支撑块总成主要由支撑块、把手2-1-5-2、垫块2-1-18组成，垫块2-1-18固定在井架基段的横梁上，支撑块经铰点2-1-5-1铰接在前立柱、后立柱上。通过扳动把手2-1-5-2使支撑块总成如箭头所示方向绕着铰点2-1-5-1旋转，支撑块下平面落在位于井架基段的横梁上的垫块2-1-18上，支撑块总成位于支撑状态，对置入井架基段内框的井架其余各段提供支撑，防止坠落。
另，压块总成2-1-4位于支撑块总成2-1-5上方的井架基段上段上，共4个，水平方向左右对称分布，在井架起升完成后井架一段的下横梁落在支撑块总成上，压块总成压在井架一段的下横梁上表面防止井架蹿动。如图13所示，压块总成上有两个凸起，沿箭头所示方向水平移动外边凸起滑入压块导轨槽2-1-19而处于压紧状态，相反方向移动外边凸起滑出或里边凸起滑入压块导轨槽2-1-19而处于松开状态。
另，井架基段的两个前立柱上固定有4块前扶正板2-1-3，两个后立柱上固定有4块背部扶正板2-1-13。在井架起升时，井架各段的导轨条在前扶正板和背部扶正板表面滑动，同时前扶正板2-1-3和背部扶正板2-1-13起到扶正井架的作用，防止井架倾翻。
另，井架基段的两个前立柱上还设置有4个活动门栓2-1-6，井架基段下段和井架基段上段各两个，有伸出和缩回两个状态，在被起升井架段由倾斜变竖直时伸出与前扶正板2-1-3一起对该井架段框住、扶正。
如图11、图12所示，井架基段的两上横梁固定有定滑轮组安装座2-1-10和导向滑轮 安装座2-1-9，两下横梁固定有动滑轮组安装座2-1-11。由大滑轮10-1、小滑轮10-2组成的定滑轮组10安装到定滑轮组安装座2-1-10上，大滑轮12-1、小滑轮12-2组成的动滑轮组12安装到滑轮组安装座2-1-11上，导向滑轮9安装到导向滑轮安装座2-1-9上。起升钢丝绳11从起升液压绞车13出来后绕过导向滑轮9进入动滑轮组12的大滑轮12-1再绕到定滑轮组10的大滑轮10-1，再绕过动滑轮组12的小滑轮12-2和定滑轮组10的小滑轮10-2，最后将绳头固定在动滑轮组12顶部。
井架安装架14是在井架各段安装时提供支撑，如图10所示，主要由架体14-1、导轨14-2、支腿14-3和台面导轨14-4组成。其中，台面导轨14-4在使用时放置在底座的中间座表面，是导轨14-2的延长。在井架三段、井架二段、井架一段起升时其后立柱销孔安装如图20所示的滑车2-8，滑车2-8在导轨14-2、和台面导轨14-4上滑动。
底座和井架基段的安装，参见图5至图13，过程如下所示：
首先在井场画好井眼中心线，将左运输模块6-1和右运输模块6-2摆放到位，用拉杆6-4将左运输模块6-1和右运输模块6-2连接起来；吊装中间模块6-3在左上座6-1-1、右上座6-2-1之间，左上座6-1-1、右上座6-2-1和顶层连接耳板6-6经销轴6-5连接；布置井架安装架14；
井架基段上段2-1-1与井架基段下段2-1-2经螺栓连接后吊装到井架安装架14上，井架基段开档口(位于两个前立柱2-1-14间的开口)朝下；前立柱下方的销孔2-1-12与位于左下座及右下座前部的井架连接耳座6-1-2-1对中后打入销轴16；将定滑轮组10安装到井架基段上的定滑轮组安装座2-1-10，将动滑轮组12安装到基段动滑轮组安装座2-1-11，将导向滑轮9安装到导向滑轮安装座2-1-9，进行起升钢丝绳穿绳，绳头一端固定在起升液压绞车13上，另一端固定在动滑轮组12顶部；起重机吊起井架基段顶部，使井架基段绕井架连接耳座6-1-2-1上的销孔旋转至垂直状态，后立柱下方的销孔和位于左下座及右下座后部的井架连接耳座6-1-2-1对中后打入销轴15，底座和井架基段完成安装。
上述井架基段安装过程中，起升钢丝绳并未发挥起升功能，但在井架基段2-1水平置于井架安装架14上时穿绳操作更加方便，其余井架各段起升时只需略作调整即可。
井架其余各段起升及安装，参见图14至图28，过程如下所示：
检测并确保压块总成2-1-4处于松开状态、支撑块总成2-1-5处于非支撑状态、活动门栓2-1-6处于缩回状态；
用吊车竖直起吊井架四段2-5至井架基段开档口正前方，缓慢推入井架基段内，将活动门栓2-1-6伸出框住井架四段的外框架2-5-6；进行钻井钢丝绳穿绳，钻井钢丝绳17从 死绳固定器16出来，绕过天车1上的死绳滑轮1-2，进入游车滑轮3-1，然后在游车滑轮3-1和天车主滑轮1-1之间进行顺穿穿绳，最后从天车的快绳滑轮1-3绕出，将钢丝绳头固定在直驱绞车7上，此时死绳固定器16与死绳滑轮1-2之间、快绳滑轮1-3与直驱绞车7之间的钢丝绳应释放40m左右的长度，以便起升井架其余各段；将动滑轮组12从井架基段2-1上的动滑轮组安装座2-1-11卸下，安装到井架四段下端的起升吊耳2-5-1上；
将井架三段2-4吊装并开档口朝上水平放置至井架安装架14上，在其后立柱2-4-5下端的后立柱销孔上用销轴2-9安装滑车2-8；启动起升液压绞车13，井架四段2-5依靠导轨条2-5-5在前扶正板2-1-3和背部扶正板2-1-13表面滑动；当井架四段下端前立柱销孔2-5-2-1对准井架基段工艺孔2-1-16后，驻停起升液压绞车；将井架三段2-4上端的的前立柱销孔2-4-4-1与井架四段下端的前立柱销孔2-5-2-1对准穿好销轴2-7；
将井架基段的活动门栓2-1-6缩回；启动起升液压绞车13，继续起升井架四段2-5并带动井架三段2-4一起起升；当井架三段2-4完全处于自由悬吊状态时调整井架基段上的支撑块总成为支撑状态，起升液压绞车13反转下放井架四段2-5于支撑块总成2-1-5上；拆除井架三段后立柱2-4-5销孔处的滑车2-8；用井架基段上的两个小绞车2-1-7将井架三段通过拖拽点2-4-7拉至竖直，井架三段上端的后立柱销孔2-4-5-1对准井架四段下端的后立柱销孔2-5-3-1并打入销轴2-9，将井架基段活动门栓2-1-6伸出框住井架三段、井架四段的外框架；从井架四段下端的起升吊耳2-5-1拆离动滑轮组12，驱动起升液压绞车13使动滑轮组下降，并将动滑轮组安装到井架三段下端的起升吊耳2-4-1上；
用吊车水平吊起二层台，将二层台上部的销轴2-6-1挂至井架三段的挂钩2-4-2上。对准二层台下端的耳板2-6-2和井架三段的耳板2-4-3销孔中心，打入销轴2-7；
按上述方法起升井架二段2-3；
按上述方法起升井架一段2-2，井架一段2-2上端置于支撑块总成2-1-5上；
将顶驱4吊至底座上方并调整其中心对准井眼中心；用直驱绞车7下放游车3至井架一段2-2，驻停直驱绞车7；连接游车3和顶驱4；
启动直驱绞车7提升游车3和顶驱4；启动起升液压绞车13，继续起升井架一段，将井架一段下端放置在支撑块总成2-1-5上；调整压块总成2-1-4，压块总成压在井架一段的下横梁上表面，井架起升完成。
底座起升，参见图29至图33，过程如下所示：
拆卸井架安装架；安装斜撑杆6-7到左上座和右上座的如图7所示的斜撑杆连接耳座6-1-1-1，斜撑杆共安装六处，分别位于底座左右两边和前边；将动滑轮组12从井架一段 2-2的起升吊耳拆掉连接到位于中间座的如图6所示的底座起升吊耳6-3-1-1上；启动起升液压绞车13，左上座6-1-1、右上座6-2-1和中间模块6-3在内的整个底座顶层在位于左上座6-1-1和右上座6-2-1的四条导轨槽6-1-1-3的导向下沿着井架基段的导轨2-1-2-1向上滑动；起升到位后使用八个销轴油缸6-8插入井架基段上的销轴油缸安装孔2-1-17将底座顶层与井架基段连接在一起；当斜撑杆6-7上的耳座孔与左下座和右下座的如图7所示的斜撑杆连接耳座6-1-2-2对齐后，装入销轴6-9；卸掉底座起升吊耳6-3-1-1上的动滑轮组12和位于井架基段顶部的定滑轮组10，启动起升液压绞车13，将起升钢丝绳11收回，底座起升完毕。
除了上述通过起升液压绞车13起升外，如图34所示，井架、底座还可用油缸为动力起升。在底座底层29(底座顶层以外部分)两侧对称水平布置两个起升油缸25，起升钢丝绳23的钢丝绳头一26连接在起升油缸25上，绕过起升油缸25的活塞杆上的导向滑轮27、横梁上的导向滑轮24和井架基段上的导向滑轮21，钢丝绳头二30垂在井架基段内侧并固定在井架各段及底座的起升吊耳上。起升油缸25活塞杆在油缸导轨内运动，使得钢丝绳头绷紧或收缩，从而实现井架各段及底座的起升。
井架和底座的下放和上述起升过程相反。该起升式钻机，底座和井架垂直起升，不仅安装方便快捷，还由于井场组装操作少、减少了占地空间。另外，底座及井架的运输，减少了尺寸及车次，可有效的降低成本。
另外，该起升式钻机中，液压马达集成在液压转盘内、外形小，采用直驱绞车提升游车和顶驱，电机直接驱动、无联轴器，结构简洁、效率高、故障点少，平移装置集成到底座的左右运输模块内，搬家运输时无需拆除，可以使钻机实现多个方向的移动，并能实现原地旋转。

Claims (10)

  1. 垂直起升钻机，主要由天车、游车、顶驱、井架、底座、二层台组成，其中井架采用多段井架模块拼接而成，包括连接底座的具有开档口的井架基段，以及从上往下用于安装天车和游车的井架四段，用于安装二层台的井架三段,位于井架基段和井架三段之间的井架二段和井架一段，其特征在于：
    上述井架四段、井架三段、井架二段、井架一段的下端设有起升吊耳；井架四段的前、后立柱的下端，井架三段、井架二段的前、后立柱的上端、下端，以及井架一段的立柱的上端均设有用于和现邻的井架段销轴连接的销孔；
    上述井架基段的上端安装有定滑轮组和导向滑轮；上述井架四段、井架三段、井架二段、井架一段在主动垂直起升时其下端的起升吊耳安装有动滑轮组，起升钢丝绳从起升装置出来后绕过导向滑轮，并缠绕过动滑轮组、定滑轮组后将绳头固定在动滑轮组顶部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的垂直起升钻机，其特征在于：上述底座主要由带有液压转盘、中间座的中间模块，和右运输模块、左运输模块进行模块拼接而成，其中右/左运输模块由右/左下座、右/左上座组成，上述井架基段安装在由拉杆固定的右下座、左下座在内的底座底层上，右上座、左上座和中间模块在内的底座顶层在起升装置牵引下经井架基段导向完成起升。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的垂直起升钻机，其特征在于：上述井架是前开口式井架，上述井架四段呈下大上小的收缩结构，外部加装有和井架三段、井架二段、井架一段相同截面的外框架；井架三段、井架二段、井架一段的前、后立柱，以及井架四段的外框架表面设有耐磨材料制成的导轨条；上述井架基段的前、后立柱上固定有扶正板；上述井架其余各段起升时，前述导轨条在扶正板的表面滑动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的垂直起升钻机，其特征在于：上述井架基段的上端设有对置入井架基段的井架其余各段提供支撑的支撑块总成；支撑块总成主要由支撑块、把手、垫块组成，其中垫块固定在井架基段的横梁上，支撑块经铰接在井架基段的前立柱、后立柱，扳动把手带动支撑块绕着铰接处旋转到下平面抵在垫块上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的垂直起升钻机，其特征在于：上述井架基段位于支撑块总成上方还设有压块总成，在上述井架其余各段全部起升完成后压紧井架一段的下横梁。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的垂直起升钻机，其特征在于：上述井架基段的两个前立柱上还设置有不少于1对的活动门栓，对置入井架基段的井架其余各段框住、扶正。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的垂直起升钻机，其特征在于：上述井架基段的下端两侧安装有经绳索拖拽置入井架各段到竖直状态的小绞车。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的垂直起升钻机，其特征在于：该垂直起升钻机还包括主要由架体、导轨、支腿和台面导轨组成的井架安装架；上述井架三段、井架二段、井架一段起升过程中，其后立柱的销孔安装滑车，邻接的上段井架垂直起升时带动该段井架的滑车在井架安装架的导轨和台面导轨上滑动。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的垂直起升钻机，其特征在于：上述井架基段的立柱的外表面设有导轨，底座的右、左上座上设有带导轨槽的开档口；上述底座顶层经导轨槽在井架基段的导轨上滑动实现起升；底座的右、左下座下方内置有可多角度转向的平移装置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的垂直起升钻机，其特征在于：上述底座的右、左下座下方内置有可多角度转向的平移装置；上述起升装置为置于底座底层上的液压绞车或油缸。
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