WO2018098845A1 - 一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法 - Google Patents

一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018098845A1
WO2018098845A1 PCT/CN2016/109294 CN2016109294W WO2018098845A1 WO 2018098845 A1 WO2018098845 A1 WO 2018098845A1 CN 2016109294 W CN2016109294 W CN 2016109294W WO 2018098845 A1 WO2018098845 A1 WO 2018098845A1
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liquid collecting
rare earth
jet
collecting pipe
pipe
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许兴亮
李俊生
孙大增
田素川
刘忠堂
王东杰
刘青鑫
宋志坚
俞庆彬
马晓健
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Priority to AU2016431138A priority Critical patent/AU2016431138B2/en
Publication of WO2018098845A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018098845A1/zh
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for mining ion-adsorbed rare earth ores, in particular to a rotary-jet modular rare earth mining method.
  • China is the country with the richest rare earth resources in the world. It is known as the “rare earth kingdom”. The south is dominated by heavy rare earths and the north is dominated by light rare earths. China's rare earth minerals not only have large reserves, but also have many varieties and good quality, and the types of deposits are unique.
  • Ion-adsorbed rare earth ore also known as weathering crust-leaved rare earth ore, is a rare earth mineral that exists in the form of "ionic phase” minerals and is adsorbed on the surface of "carrier” minerals. Most of the rare earth minerals are cations. The state exists and is adsorbed on a mineral carrier, such as aluminosilicate mineral or fluorocarbonate mineral adsorbed on kaolinite or muscovite.
  • the ion-adsorbed rare earth ore is an ore body composed of "ion-adsorbing rare earth minerals", and the southern rare earth ore is basically an ion-adsorbing rare earth ore.
  • the mining methods of ion-adsorbed rare earth ores are basically carried out by the traditional in-situ leaching mining method, which is directly on the ore body without destroying the surface vegetation of the ore body, without stripping the topsoil, without excavating and carrying the ore.
  • the well network is arranged, and a series of shallow wells (tanks) are used to inject an electrolyte solution capable of exchanging rare earth ions into the ore body to cause interaction with the rare earth ions, and then wait for the collection of the mother liquid, and the stop system of the stope is basically adopted by the mountain foot.
  • the liquid trench is collected, and the diffusion of the mother liquor inside the ore body is difficult to control.
  • the existing in-situ leaching mining method has the following deficiencies:
  • the adsorption amount of positive ions is proportional to time. The longer the time, the more positive ions are adsorbed.
  • the thickness of the ore layer exceeds a certain thickness, or the permeability coefficient of the soil layer is small, it is injected from the injection hole. It takes a long time for the solution to penetrate into the tunnel at the bottom of the ore layer, which causes a large amount of adsorption of the soil ions above the tunnel. To completely leaching the bottom layer, a large amount of solution is required to be injected, which leads to an increase in the amount of water and the amount of water. The increase in the rare earth solution in the rare earth solution flowing into the tunnel is lower, so that the production cost is large.
  • the existing in-situ leaching mining method is difficult to define whether the ore body is fully leached. It is difficult to form a systematic recovery of resources, the production process is relatively extensive, the recovery rate of resources is low, and the low mother liquor concentration is formed. The drawing process has caused a lot of difficulty.
  • the present invention provides a rotary jet module type rare earth mining method, which is a system modular rare earth leaching mining system. Technology that increases the recovery concentration of the mother liquor and reduces the use of the extract Quantity, modular and efficient recovery of rare earth resources.
  • Each mother liquor collection channel is connected to the jet borehole under several mining unit modules; 5)
  • the liquid collecting manifold is arranged outside the mountain: the liquid collecting manifold is arranged obliquely along the mountain below the port of the mother liquid collecting channel, and the collecting manifold connects all the sets.
  • the port of the liquid pipe flows to the foot of the mountain; 6) a liquid collecting pipe is arranged in the mother liquid collecting channel, and the collecting pipe is provided with a small hole in the circumferential direction at a distance of a certain interval, and 3-4 layers are arranged in the small hole, and the collecting pipe is provided One end is sealed and deep into the bottom of the mother liquid collection channel, and the other end of the liquid collection tube is connected to the liquid collection manifold, and the end between the mother liquid collection channel and the liquid collection tube is adhered to the end of the liquid collection manifold Fill the seal; 7) Send the hydraulic rock bit to the incident stream and drill 0.4m from the bottom of the hole, input the high-pressure extract, hydraulically break the rock bit and cut the surrounding rare earth ore body at high speed, and gradually increase the hydraulic rock bit until the top of the rich layer.
  • a cylindrical muddy rare earth ore body is formed in the jet borehole, and then the hydraulic rock breaker bit is moved up and down to agitate and leaching the muddy rare earth ore body to become a mother liquid to be collected, and the mother liquid passes through the lower mother liquid collection channel and the liquid collecting pipe.
  • the collection manifold is completed and collected.
  • the rotary-jet modular rare earth mining method of the present invention utilizes a mining unit module to divide a rare earth ore body, and performs grid module division on the rare earth ore body to prevent the extract liquid from being
  • the rare earth ore body has an ineffective flow along the large fracture, which greatly improves the recovery rate of rare earth ions in the ore body; further, the jet drilling hole is drilled in the mining unit module, and the jet drilling hole penetrates into the bottom of the rich ore layer,
  • the extract acts as a high-pressure jet to the rare earth ore body inside the borehole of the jet stream, and starts to crush and slurry the ore body from the bottom of the rich ore layer, and gradually raises the drill bit to the top of the rich ore layer to form a cylindrical muddy rare earth ore body.
  • the disc-shaped high-pressure jet ring formed by the extract is stirred and leached to obtain the final mother liquid, which is a mixture of the muddy rare earth ore body and the high-pressure extract, and the mineral particles are small.
  • the mineral extraction surface area is large, so the extraction efficiency of the liquid mother liquor obtained by ion exchange of the existing electrolyte solution is high, and the resources can be recovered systematically and efficiently; the leaching of the mud ore body improves the concentration of the mother liquor and can greatly increase the production of rare earth
  • the mother liquor contains a higher grade of rare earth; and because the above mother liquor is formed by directly forming a high-pressure water jet to cut the ore body by using the extract, while stirring, slurrying, and extracting rare earth minerals by the up and down movement of the jet bit, the leaching speed Faster, reducing the amount of extraction solution used, speeding up the mining speed; the mother liquor is fed through the lower collecting pipe The liquid main pipe completes the collection of the mother liquid.
  • the liquid injection amount of the extract liquid can be adjusted according to the liquid concentration of the liquid collecting pipe, and whether the ore body of the mining unit is sufficiently extracted, thereby controlling the ineffective flow of the extract liquid and the blind liquid injection.
  • the dosage of the extract can be controlled in time according to the design requirements; in summary, the invention can greatly reduce the electricity consumption, labor cost and raw material dosage per ton of rare earth products, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a process of extracting a mother liquor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the portion I of Figure 1, showing the structure of a single mining unit module;
  • topsoil 1, jet drilling, 3, rich ore layer, 4, muddy rare earth ore body, 5, lean ore layer, 6, liquid collecting pipe, 7, liquid collecting pipe, 8, liquid filling main pipe, 9. Hydraulic rock breaking bit, 10, disc-shaped high-pressure jet ring, 11, extract branch pipe, 12, small hole, 13, mother liquid collection channel, 14, Clay, 15, linen.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 are schematic views showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and a rotary jet module type rare earth mining method comprising the following steps:
  • the grid unit module is divided into the ore body at the top of the mine to form several mining unit modules;
  • the borehole is arranged according to the direction of the vein, forming a plurality of mother liquor collecting passages 13, each of which is connected to the jet borehole 2 under a plurality of mining unit modules. ;
  • the liquid collecting manifold 7 is arranged obliquely along the mountain below the port of the mother liquid collecting passage 13, and the liquid collecting manifold 7 is connected to the ports of all the collecting tubes 6 and flows to the mountain foot;
  • a liquid collecting pipe 6 is arranged in the mother liquid collecting passage 13, and the collecting pipe 6 is provided with a small hole 12 in the circumferential direction at a distance of a certain interval, and the 3-4 layers of the burlap 15 are provided in the small hole 12 to serve as a preliminary filtering mother liquid.
  • one end of the liquid collecting pipe 6 is sealed and penetrates into the bottom of the mother liquid collecting passage 13, and the one end of the liquid collecting pipe 6 is sealed to prevent a large amount of mud from flowing into the liquid collecting pipe 6, and the other end of the liquid collecting pipe 6 is connected to the liquid collecting main pipe 7, And sealing the seal between the mother liquid collecting passage 13 and the collecting pipe 6 at the end toward the liquid collecting main pipe 7 with the clay 14; thus the mother liquid passes from the jet drilling hole 2 of the mining unit module into the mother liquid collecting passage 13, and then passes through the set.
  • the small hole 12 in the liquid pipe 6 enters the liquid collecting pipe 6, and then the mother liquid in the liquid collecting pipe 6 flows into the liquid collecting pipe 7;
  • the hydraulic rock-breaking drill bit 9 is sent to the entrance flow hole 2 at a distance of 0.4 m from the bottom of the hole, and the direction of the hydraulic rock-breaking bit 9 is adjusted so that the cutting plane generated is horizontal. After confirming that the drill bit and the drill pipe are sealed, the high-pressure extraction is input.
  • the liquid and hydraulic rock breaking bit 9 rotates at a high speed, and the disc-shaped high-pressure jet ring 10 sprayed therefrom cuts the surrounding rare earth ore body, and gradually increases the hydraulic rock breaking bit 9 until the top of the rich layer 3, forming a radius in the jet drilling hole 2.
  • the mother liquor to be collected is stirred and leached after the muddy rare earth ore body 4, and the mother liquor passes through the lower mother liquor collecting channel 13 and The collecting pipe 6 is merged into the collecting header 7 to complete the collection.
  • the drilling order of the jet drilling hole 2 and the mother liquid collecting passage 13 in the above embodiment of the present invention may be interchanged as long as the relative positional relationship is satisfied.
  • the extraction process of the present invention (ie, the process of forming the mother liquor) can be carried out by monitoring the concentration of the mother liquor collected in the lower collecting pipe 6 of the mining unit module, and determining whether the mining unit is completely leached. After the leaching is finished, the corresponding extracting liquid branch pipe 11 is drilled. Rods, drills and other equipment.
  • the area of the mining unit module in step 2) is 10m 2 -20m 2 , which is flexibly set according to the crack and seepage characteristics of the ore body, the jet pressure and the strength of the ore body.
  • the jet bore 2 in step 3) is disposed in the center of the mountain of the mining unit module, and the diameter of the jet borehole 2 is not less than 32 mm, which can be flexibly adjusted according to the parameters of the jet drill pipe, and the depth of the drilled drill hole 2 can be specifically According to the definition of the rare earth enrichment of the mineral particles from the borehole, the drilling can be carried out using a portable backpack drill or a geological drill.
  • the mother liquor collection channel 13 in step 6) is designed at the junction of the bottom of the rich layer 3 and the lean layer 5, specifically: according to the direction of the vein, a geological drilling machine is used to drill a mother liquid collecting channel 13 in the mountain body, and the drilling direction should be carried A certain upward inclination angle facilitates the self-flow of the mother liquid, and the hole depth is flexibly adjusted according to actual conditions.
  • the diameter of the mother liquid collection channel 13 is 75 mm, and the interval between adjacent mother liquid collection channels 13 is 4 m; the diameter of the liquid collection tube 6 is 40 mm.
  • a small hole 12 is provided at intervals of 0.1 m on the collecting pipe 6, wherein the length of the clay 14 filled between the mother liquid collecting passage 13 and the collecting pipe 6 toward the end of the liquid collecting pipe 7 is usually set to lm.
  • the high-pressure extract in step 7) in the embodiment can be fed into the jet drill pipe of the hydraulic rock-breaking drill bit 9 through the extract branch pipe 11, the extract liquid branch pipe 11 is located above the jet borehole 2, and the extract liquid branch pipe 11 is connected to The liquid injection manifold 8 is used to replenish the extract.
  • an anti-seepage layer may be further disposed under the liquid collecting pipe 6.
  • the role of the anti-seepage layer mainly to prevent the mother liquid from continuing to penetrate downward, which is not conducive to the collection of the mother liquid. If there is an impervious rock layer within 2m below the liquid collecting pipe 6, there may be no anti-seepage layer; if there is no adjacent impervious rock layer, it may be adopted. Cement grouting forms an anti-seepage shell, and high-pressure water is injected to raise the groundwater level as an anti-seepage layer.
  • the invention can greatly reduce the power consumption, labor cost and raw material dosage required per ton of rare earth products, and the advantages are as follows:
  • the mining unit module is used to divide the rare earth ore body, and the high pressure jet will be used in the mining unit module.
  • the rare earth ore body forms a cylindrical mud slurry, and the system recovers resources steadily and efficiently;
  • the liquid injection amount of the extract liquid can be adjusted according to the liquid concentration of the liquid collecting pipe 6, the mineral body of the mining unit module is defined to be fully extracted, and the ineffective flow of the extract liquid and the blind liquid injection are controlled. Timely control according to design requirements;
  • the inside of the ore body can be properly filled or cemented, and the restoration of the mine ecological environment and groundwater resources can be realized, the mountain collapse and landslide can be prevented, and the ecological environment can be protected.

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Abstract

一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，先探明山体稀土矿层的分布及矿层的厚度，在富矿底层与贫矿的交界处布置集液管网收集浸析母液；开采单元模块山体上布置射流钻孔（2）到富矿层（3）底部，利用高压萃取液射流从富矿层（3）底部开始破碎、浆化矿体，逐渐提升钻头（9）直到富矿层（3）顶部，形成圆柱状泥浆质稀土矿体（4）；再通过圆盘状高压射流环（10）上下移动对泥浆态的矿体搅拌、浸析，母液经下部集液管网汇入集液总管（7），完成母液收集。旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法能做到矿体模块化开采，提高了母液的回收浓度并减少萃取液的使用量，有效保障了资源高效回收。

Description

一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种离子吸附型稀土矿的开采方法，尤其是一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法。
背景技术
中国是世界上稀土资源最丰富的国家，素有“稀土王国”之称，南方以重稀土为主，北方以轻稀土为主。我国稀土矿产不仅储量大，而且品种多、质量好，矿床类型独特。
离子吸附型稀土矿，又称风化壳淋积型稀土矿，它是以“离子相”矿物形态存在，被吸附于“载体”矿物表面上的稀土矿物，稀土矿物中的稀土绝大部分以阳离子状态存在，而被吸附在某矿物载体上，如吸附在高岭石、白云母等铝硅酸盐矿物或氟碳酸盐矿物上。离子吸附型稀土矿是由“离子吸附型稀土矿物”构成的矿体，而南方稀土矿基本属离子吸附型稀土矿。
目前，离子吸附型稀土矿的开采方法基本都采用传统的原地浸析采矿法，是在不破坏矿体地表植被、不剥离表土、不开挖与搬运矿石的情况下，在矿体上直接布置井网，利用一系列的浅井(槽)将能交换稀土离子的电解质溶液注入矿体中，使其与稀土离子发生交解作用，然后等待收集母液，其采场收液系统基本采用山脚收液沟进行收集，母液在矿体内部的扩散情况难以控制。
现有的原地浸析采矿法，存在以下不足：
a、因山体结构的原因，山体内各部分的渗透系数的不均匀性，在同一时间内同一方法注液，渗透系数小的地方溶液渗入较少，大部分溶液都沿着 山体渗透系数大的土层渗透。为了达到浸出渗透系数小的土层的稀土就必须注入大量的溶液及处理后的废水，这样渗透系数大的地方造成溶液及处理后的废水过剩。
b、在一定时间内，正离子的吸附量与时间成正比，时间越长，吸附正离子越多，当矿层厚度的超过一定的厚度，或土层的渗透系数很小时，从注液孔注入溶液渗入到矿层的底部的坑道，需要很长的时间，这样造成坑道上面的土层离子大量吸附，要完全浸析底层矿层，就需要大量注入溶液，这样导致水的用量增加，而水的用量增加又导致流入坑道中的稀土溶液中稀土品位就较低，以致生产成本较大。
c、由于溶液扩散的优势取向，从注液孔注入的大量溶液沿着裂隙较大阻力较少的途径从山顶到达山脚的集液系统，浸析后期容易在矿体内部形成固有的大裂隙溶液流动通道，浸析效果大大降低，这也是某些稀土矿在通过浸出母液浓度判断该稀土矿开采结束，但在一段时间后重新浸析仍然会得到较高品味的母液的原因，即初次开采结束后矿体内部的裂隙结构发生变化，溶液重新扩散过程中浸析了上次开采过程中的裂隙盲区导致的。
因此，现有的原地浸析采矿法对矿体是否浸析完全的标准难以界定，对资源的难以形成系统性回收，生产过程比较粗放，对资源的回收率较低，形成的低母液浓度给提取过程造成了较大的难度。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中萃取液在矿体中渗流方向不受控制，局部矿体难以浸析的不足，本发明提供一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，该采矿方法为系统模块化稀土浸出开采技术，能够提高母液的回收浓度和减少萃取液的使用 量，对稀土资源模块化系统性高效回收。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是：
包括以下步骤：1)探明矿层：探明山体稀土矿层的分布及矿层的厚度；2)在矿山顶部对矿体进行网格单元模块划分，形成若干个开采单元模块；3)在每个开采单元模块的山体上面布置射流钻孔，射流钻孔的深度由表土层直至富矿层底部；4)在富矿层底部与贫矿层的交界处，按照矿脉的走向布置钻孔，形成多个母液收集通道，每个母液收集通道在若干个开采单元模块下方与其射流钻孔连通；5)在山体外布置集液总管：集液总管位于母液收集通道的端口下方沿山体倾斜布置，集液总管连接所有集液管的端口并流向山脚；6)在母液收集通道内设置集液管，集液管每间隔一段距离在周向上设有一圈小孔，小孔处用麻布包3-4层，集液管的一端密封并深入母液收集通道底部，集液管的另一端连接集液总管，并将母液收集通道与集液管之间在朝向集液总管的一端用粘土填实封口；7)将水力破岩钻头送入射流钻孔距离孔底0.4m处，输入高压萃取液，水力破岩钻头高速转动切割周围稀土矿体，逐渐提升水力破岩钻头直到富矿层顶部，在射流钻孔内形成圆柱状泥浆质稀土矿体，再上下移动水力破岩钻头对泥浆质稀土矿体搅拌、浸析后成为待收集的母液，母液经下部的母液收集通道及集液管汇入集液总管完成收集。
相比现有的原地浸析采矿法，本发明的一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，利用开采单元模块来划分稀土矿体，对稀土矿体进行网格模块划分，能够防止萃取液在稀土矿体中沿大裂隙无效流动，大大提高矿体中稀土离子的回收率；进而，在开采单元模块内钻取射流钻孔，射流钻孔深入富矿层底部，将 萃取液以高压射流的方式作用到取射流钻孔内部的稀土矿体，从富矿层底部开始破碎、浆化矿体，通过逐渐提升钻头直到富矿层顶部，形成圆柱状泥浆质稀土矿体，再通过上下移动钻头后通过萃取液形成的圆盘状高压射流环对泥浆态的矿体搅拌、浸析，得到最终的母液，此母液为泥浆质稀土矿体和高压萃取液的混合，矿物颗粒小，矿物萃取表面积大，因此比现有的电解质溶液离子置换得到的液态的母液萃取效率高，能够系统性高效逐步地回收资源；泥浆质矿体浸析提高了母液浓度，可大幅度提高稀土产量，母液中含的稀土品位也较高；并且由于上述母液形成的过程是直接采用萃取液形成高压水射流切割矿体，同时通过射流钻头的上下移动搅拌、浆化、萃取稀土矿物，浸析速度快，减少了萃取溶液的使用量，加快了开采速度；母液经下部集液管汇入集液总管，完成母液收集，实施过程中可以根据集液管的出液浓度调整萃取液的注液量，界定开采单元矿体是否萃取充分，从而控制了萃取液的无效流动和盲目的注液，做到了萃取液用量能根据设计要求及时控制；综上所述本发明能大幅降低每吨稀土产品所需用电量、人工费用及原材料用量，经济效益显著。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明一实施例萃取母液过程的示意图；
图2是图1中I处的剖视图，为单个开采单元模块的结构示意；
图中，1、表土层，2、射流钻孔，3、富矿层，4、泥浆质稀土矿体，5、贫矿层，6、集液管，7、集液总管，8、注液总管，9、水力破岩钻头，10、圆盘状高压射流环，11、萃取液支管，12、小孔，13、母液收集通道，14、 粘土，15、麻布。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
图1和图2示出了本发明一个较佳的实施例的结构示意图，图中的一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，包括以下步骤：
1)探明矿层：探明山体稀土矿层的分布及矿层的厚度；
2)为防止萃取液在稀土矿体中沿大裂隙无效流动，提高矿体中稀土离子的回收率，在矿山顶部对矿体进行网格单元模块划分，形成若干个开采单元模块；
3)在每个开采单元模块的山体上面布置射流钻孔2，射流钻孔2的深度由表土层1直至富矿层3底部；
4)在富矿层3底部与贫矿层5的交界处，按照矿脉的走向布置钻孔，形成多个母液收集通道13，每个母液收集通道13在若干个开采单元模块下方与其射流钻孔2连通；
5)在山体外布置集液总管7：集液总管7位于母液收集通道13的端口下方沿山体倾斜布置，集液总管7连接所有集液管6的端口并流向山脚；
6)在母液收集通道13内设置集液管6，集液管6每间隔一段距离在周向上设有一圈小孔12，小孔12处用麻布15包3-4层，起到初步过滤母液的 作用，集液管6的一端密封并深入母液收集通道13底部，集液管6一端密封的目的是防止大量泥浆涌入集液管6中，集液管6的另一端连接集液总管7，并将母液收集通道13与集液管6之间在朝向集液总管7的一端用粘土14填实封口；这样母液从开采单元模块的射流钻孔2进入母液收集通道13后，再透过集液管6上的小孔12进入集液管6，之后集液管6中的母液流入集液总管7；
7)将水力破岩钻头9送入射流钻孔2距离孔底0.4m处，调整水力破岩钻头9方向，使其产生的切割平面为水平方向，确认钻头和钻杆密闭后，输入高压萃取液，水力破岩钻头9高速转动，由其喷射出的圆盘状高压射流环10切割周围稀土矿体，逐渐提升水力破岩钻头9直到富矿层3顶部，在射流钻孔2内形成半径可达1.0～1.5m的圆柱状泥浆质稀土矿体4，圆柱状泥浆质稀土矿体4的半径可通过射流压力调整，再上下移动水力破岩钻头9，在圆盘状高压射流环10作用下重复搅拌、萃取泥浆质稀土矿体4完成矿体水力破碎、搅拌浆化稀土的工序，对泥浆质稀土矿体4搅拌、浸析后成为待收集的母液，母液经下部的母液收集通道13及集液管6汇入集液总管7完成收集。
本发明上述实施例中的射流钻孔2和母液收集通道13的钻取顺序可以互换，只要满足其相对位置关系即可。
本发明萃取过程(即母液形成的过程)可以通过监测开采单元模块矿体下部集液管6的母液收集浓度，判定开采单元否浸析完全，浸析结束后撤除对应的萃取液支管11、钻杆、钻头等设备。
步骤2)中所述开采单元模块的面积为10m2-20m2，具体根据矿体的裂 隙和渗流特性、射流压力和矿体的强度灵活设定。
步骤3)中所述射流钻孔2设置在开采单元模块的山体中央，射流钻孔2直径不少于32mm，具体可按照射流钻杆参数灵活调整，钻取射流钻孔2的深度具体地可以依据钻孔所出矿物颗粒的稀土富集程度界定，钻孔可以采用便携式背包钻机或地质钻机。
步骤6)中母液收集通道13是设计在富矿层3底部与贫矿层5的交界处，具体为：按照矿脉的走向用地质钻机在山体内钻孔形成母液收集通道13，钻孔方向应带有一定的上倾角，方便母液的自流，孔深根据实际情况灵活调整，母液收集通道13的直径为75mm，相邻母液收集通道13的间隔为4m；所述集液管6的直径为40mm，在集液管6上每间隔0.1m设置一圈小孔12；其中，母液收集通道13与集液管6之间在朝向集液总管7一端所填实的粘土14的长度通常设为lm。
通常，实施例中步骤7)中所述高压萃取液可以通过萃取液支管11输入水力破岩钻头9的射流钻杆，萃取液支管11位于射流钻孔2的上方外部，萃取液支管11连通至注液总管8，用来补充萃取液。
本实施例，还可以在所述集液管6的下方还设置有防渗层。防渗层的作用：主要是防止母液继续向下渗透，不利于母液的收集，如果集液管6下面2m左右范围内有不透水岩层可以不设置防渗层；如果没有邻近不透水岩层可以采用水泥注浆形成防渗壳、注高压水提高地下水位等作为防渗层。
本发明能使每吨稀土产品所需用电量、人工费用及原材料用量大幅下降，优点表现如下：
(1)利用开采单元模块划分稀土矿体，开采单元模块内用高压射流将 稀土矿体形成圆柱状泥浆质，系统性高效逐步回收资源；
(2)母液浓度的提高将大幅度提高稀土产量，泥浆质矿体浸析提高了母液浓度，集液总管7流出的稀土溶液含稀土品位较高；浸析速度快，减少了溶液的使用量加快了开采速度；
(3)直接采用萃取液形成高压水射流切割矿体，同时可以通过射流钻头的上下移动搅拌、浆化、萃取稀土矿物；
(4)实施过程中可以根据集液管6的出液浓度调整萃取液的注液量，界定开采单元模块的矿体是否萃取充分，控制了萃取液的无效流动和盲目的注液，用量能根据设计要求及时控制；
(5)开采结束后可适当对矿体内部进行充填或者胶结，实现了矿山生态环境和地下水资源的恢复，防止山体塌陷滑坡，保护了生态环境。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质，对以上实施例所作出任何简单修改和同等变化，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，包括以下步骤：
    1)探明矿层：探明山体稀土矿层的分布及矿层的厚度；
    2)在矿山顶部对矿体进行网格单元模块划分，形成若干个开采单元模块；
    3)在每个开采单元模块的山体上面布置射流钻孔(2)，射流钻孔(2)的深度由表土层(1)直至富矿层(3)底部；
    4)在富矿层(3)底部与贫矿层(5)的交界处，按照矿脉的走向布置钻孔，形成多个母液收集通道(13)，每个母液收集通道(13)在若干个开采单元模块下方与其射流钻孔(2)连通；
    5)在山体外布置集液总管(7)：集液总管(7)位于母液收集通道(13)的端口下方沿山体倾斜布置，集液总管(7)连接所有集液管(6)的端口并流向山脚；
    6)在母液收集通道(13)内设置集液管(6)，集液管(6)每间隔一段距离在周向上设有一圈小孔(12)，小孔(12)处用麻布(15)包3-4层，集液管(6)的一端密封并深入母液收集通道(13)底部，集液管(6)的另一端连接集液总管(7)，并将母液收集通道(13)与集液管(6)之间在朝向集液总管(7)的一端用粘土(14)填实封口；
    7)将水力破岩钻头(9)送入射流钻孔(2)距离孔底0.4m处，输入高压萃取液，水力破岩钻头(9)高速转动切割周围稀土矿体，逐渐提升水力破岩钻头(9)直到富矿层(3)顶部，在射流钻孔(2)内形成圆柱状泥浆质稀土矿体(4)，再上下移动水力破岩钻头(9)对泥浆质稀土矿体(4)搅拌、浸析后成为待收集的母液，母液经下部的母液收集通道(13)及集液管 (6)汇入集液总管(7)完成收集。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，其特征是：所述开采单元模块的面积为10m2-20m2。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，其特征是：所述射流钻孔(2)设置在开采单元模块的山体中央，射流钻孔(2)的直径不少于32mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，其特征是：所述母液收集通道(13)的直径为75mm，相邻母液收集通道(13)的间隔为4m。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，其特征是：所述集液管(6)的直径为40mm，在集液管(6)上每间隔0.1m设置一圈小孔(12)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，其特征是：所述母液收集通道(13)与集液管(6)之间在朝向集液总管(7)一端所填实的粘土(14)的长度为lm。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，其特征是：所述高压萃取液通过萃取液支管(11)输入水力破岩钻头(9)的射流钻杆，萃取液支管(11)位于射流钻孔(2)的上方外部，萃取液支管(11)连通至注液总管(8)。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的一种旋喷模块式稀土采矿方法，其特征是：在所述集液管(6)的下方还设置有防渗层。
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