WO2018095013A1 - 一种扩孔自转式锚杆及使用方法 - Google Patents

一种扩孔自转式锚杆及使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018095013A1
WO2018095013A1 PCT/CN2017/087493 CN2017087493W WO2018095013A1 WO 2018095013 A1 WO2018095013 A1 WO 2018095013A1 CN 2017087493 W CN2017087493 W CN 2017087493W WO 2018095013 A1 WO2018095013 A1 WO 2018095013A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rod body
anchor
drill bit
bolt
reaming
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/087493
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张农
谢正正
韩昌良
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Application filed by China University of Mining and Technology CUMT, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB filed Critical China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority to US15/768,219 priority Critical patent/US10907474B2/en
Priority to AU2017301081A priority patent/AU2017301081B2/en
Priority to CA2992890A priority patent/CA2992890C/en
Publication of WO2018095013A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018095013A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
    • E21F17/185—Rock-pressure control devices with or without alarm devices; Alarm devices in case of roof subsidence
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/004—Bolts held in the borehole by friction all along their length, without additional fixing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/02—Suspension devices for tubes or the like, e.g. for ventilating ducts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
    • G01B11/303—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces using photoelectric detection means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
    • G01B11/306—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces for measuring evenness

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a rock bolt and a using method thereof, in particular to a reaming and self-rotating anchor rod used in rapid excavation of coal mine underground and a using method thereof.
  • coal roadway is the roadway with the largest coal mine excavation volume, and the rapid development of high-efficiency fully mechanized coal mining face consumes a large number of coal lanes every year.
  • the coal roadway excavation speed directly affects the mining succession. Therefore, the coal roadway driving speed is improved and the coal safety is improved. Efficient production is essential.
  • the present invention provides a reaming self-rotating anchor rod with short support time, avoiding collapse of anchoring holes, causing waste holes by plugging holes, simple processing, low cost, simple and convenient operation, and Construction method.
  • the reaming self-rotating anchor of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a rod body, a drill bit, a connecting member and a fastening device, and the outer side surface of the rod body is provided with no longitudinal rib thread, and the drill bit is arranged on the rod body.
  • the head and the head of the rod are connected with the drill bit through a thread.
  • the pitch of the drill bit is consistent with the pitch of the thread without the longitudinal rib.
  • the connecting portion of the anchor body and the symmetrical wedge structure is respectively provided at the front and the rear of the rod body, and the connecting portion is provided with a convenient connection.
  • the connecting rod used for connecting the bolt rig, the connecting end of the connecting piece and the rod body is an inverted wedge-shaped body cutout inside the cylinder, which matches the symmetrical wedge structure of the tail end of the anchor rod body, wherein the rod body and the drill bit and the connecting piece pass the thread
  • the connection is a combined structure;
  • the fastening device includes a tray and a nut, and when the rod is drilled into the coal seam, the tray is fitted into the tail of the rod and fixed by a nut.
  • the outer diameter of the drill bit is 3-8 mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body, and the drill bit is provided with an opening connected to the rod body, around the opening
  • the utility model is provided with a plurality of convex knives which are convex and inclined toward the center.
  • the top of the sharp knives is 3 mm to 5 mm from the center of the drill bit, and the side of the drill bit is provided with a spiral groove for discharging the powder generated by the drilling, and the width of the groove is 5 mm to 8 mm.
  • the depth of the groove is 3 mm to 5 mm.
  • the side surface of the drill bit is provided with a plurality of blocking claws at a groove gap, and the blocking claw comprises a groove cavity, a round shaft, a high-strength resistance baffle and a strong spring, and the groove cavity provides a space for the rotation of the high-strength resistance baffle, and the bottom of the cavity
  • One side is movably connected to the high-strength baffle through the round shaft, and a strong spring is arranged between the high-strength baffle and the bottom of the trough.
  • the high-strength baffle is bounced by a strong spring and can be rotated in the cavity through the round shaft.
  • the length of the symmetrical wedge structure of the tail of the rod body is 30-100 mm, and the opening angle of the wedge body is 55-75.
  • 1/3 to 2/3 of the length of the rod body has an annular protrusion welded to the rod body, and the diameter of the annular protrusion is 3 to 8 mm larger than the diameter of the rod body, and the thickness is 2 to 3 mm.
  • a method for using a reaming self-rotating anchor includes the following steps:
  • the drill bit is installed on the ordinary drill pipe, and the ordinary drill pipe is installed on the bolt drill.
  • the diameter of the ordinary drill pipe and the drill bit is the same but less than the diameter of the shaft of the reaming self-rotating anchor. 2-4mm, arrange the drilling point on the coal seam, start the bolt drill to drill at the drilling point, until the length of the drilled ordinary drill rod reaches 1/3 to 2/3 of the length of the reaming self-rotating anchor Stop drilling and remove the normal drill pipe and drill bit;
  • the powder generated by the drill can be discharged from the rod head through the spiral groove on the side of the drill bit, and the ring on the rod body
  • the protrusion blocks the drilling powder running outside the drill hole, and the drilling powder enriches the gap between the rod body and the coal body.
  • the rod body When the connecting member is separated from the rod body, the rod body should have to withdraw some distance with the connecting member, and the claw on the drill bit at this time The strong spring pops up, and the high-strength baffle plate is opened and extended out of the slot cavity to block the rod body from continuing to exit. Then, the tray is inserted into the tray at the tail end of the rod body and the nut is fixed to the tray, and then the bolt is rotated by the bolt rig to complete the initial pre-tightening of the bolt. The anchor rod is squeezed into the coal body, the friction between the anchor rod and the coal body is increased, and the full-length anchoring of the anchor rod is realized, thereby completing the installation of a complete set of anchor rods;
  • the underground staff checks the pre-tightening force of the anchor rod through the force wrench. If the pre-tightening force cannot meet the requirements, the anchor rod is pre-tightened again, so that the tray squeezes the broken coal wall. Realize the maintenance of preload;
  • the present invention Since the above technical solution is adopted, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the frictional force and the clamping force generated by the compression between the anchor rod body and the coal body form the anchoring force of the anchor rod to maintain the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and at the same time avoid the collapse caused by the drilling of the long hole.
  • Hole and plugging problems greatly shorten the support time and meet the requirements of rapid excavation of coal roadway; (2)
  • the bolt processing is simple, the cost is low, the operation is simple and convenient, and it has strong promotion and applicability.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a reaming self-rotating anchor during construction
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the reaming self-rotating anchor after construction is completed
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic overall view of a reaming self-rotating anchor bit
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the rear end of the reaming self-rotating anchor rod body
  • Figure 5 is a top plan view of the rear end of the reaming self-rotating anchor rod body.
  • the reaming self-rotating anchor of the present invention comprises a rod body 1, a drill bit 2, a connecting member 3 and a fastening device, and the outer surface of the rod body 1 is provided with a thread without longitudinal ribs, and the drill bit 2 It is disposed at the head of the rod body 1, and the head of the rod body 1 is connected with the drill bit 2 through a thread.
  • the pitch of the drill bit 2 coincides with the pitch of the longitudinal ribless steel.
  • the outer diameter of the drill bit 2 is larger than the diameter of the anchor rod body 1 by 3 to 8 mm, and the drill bit 2 is provided with an opening connected to the rod body 1, and a plurality of convex blades which are convex and inclined toward the center are provided around the opening.
  • the top of the sharp knife 10 is 3 mm ⁇ 5 mm from the center of the drill bit 2
  • the side of the drill bit 2 is provided with a powder for discharging the powder generated by the drilling into the bit position spiral groove 9, the width of the groove 9. It is 5mm to 8mm, and the depth of the groove is 3mm to 5mm.
  • the side surface of the drill bit 2 is provided with a plurality of claws 11 at the gap of the groove 9.
  • the claw 11 includes a cavity 11-1, a circular shaft 11-2, a high-resistance barrier 11-3, and a strong spring 11-4.
  • the slot 11-1 provides a space for the rotation of the high-strength resisting plate 11-3, and the bottom side of the slot 11-1 is movably connected to the high-strength blocking plate 11-3 through the round shaft 11-2, and the high-strength blocking plate 11-3 and A strong spring 11-4 is disposed between the bottoms of the slots 11-1, and the high-strength resisting plate 11-3 is bounced by the strong springs 11-4 and can be rotated in the slots 11-1 through the round shaft 11-2.
  • the front and rear portions of the rod body 1 are respectively provided with a connecting portion of an anchoring device and a symmetric wedge-shaped structure.
  • the length of the symmetric wedge-shaped body 1-1 of the tail portion of the rod body 1 is 30 mm to 100 mm, and the opening angle of the wedge body is as shown in FIG. 55 to 75°, 1/3 to 2/3 of the length of the rod body 1 has an annular protrusion 1-2 welded to the rod body 1, and the diameter of the annular protrusion 1-2 is 3 mm to 8 mm larger than the diameter of the rod body 1,
  • the thickness is 2 to 3 mm
  • the connecting portion is provided with a connecting member 3 for connecting with the bolt rig 6.
  • the connecting end of the connecting member 3 and the rod body 1 is an inverted wedge-shaped body incision inside the cylinder, and the symmetry of the tail portion of the anchor rod body
  • the wedge body 1-1 is matched in structure, wherein the rod body 1 and the drill bit 2 and the connecting member 3 are screwed into a combined structure;
  • the fastening device comprises a tray 4 and a nut 5, and after the rod body 1 is drilled into the coal seam 7, the tray 4 is inserted into the tail of the rod 1 and fixed by the nut 5.
  • a method for using a reaming self-rotating anchor includes the following steps:
  • a drill bit is installed on the ordinary drill pipe, and the ordinary drill pipe is installed on the bolt drill machine 6.
  • the diameter of the ordinary drill pipe and the drill bit is the same but less than that of the reaming self-rotating anchor. 1 diameter 2mm-4mm, arranging the drilling point 8 on the coal seam 7 and starting the anchor rig 6 to drill at the drilling point until the length of the drilled ordinary drill pipe reaches 1/3 of the length of the reaming self-rotating anchor When it reaches 2/3, stop drilling and take out the ordinary drill pipe and drill bit;
  • the sharp knife 10 at the front of the drill bit 2 is in the middle position, the powder generated by the drilling can pass through the spiral concave surface on the side of the drill bit 2.
  • the groove 9 is arranged away from the head of the rod body 1, and the annular protrusion 1-2 on the rod body 1 blocks the drilling powder running outside the borehole, and the drilling powder enriches the gap between the rod body 1 and the coal body, when the anchor rod body 1
  • the anchor drilling rig 6 is closed, and the connecting member 3 is separated from the symmetrical wedge body 1-1 structure of the tail of the rod body 1. Due to the factor of the anchor rod rotation, the connecting member 3 and the rod body 1 have a strong effect.
  • the rod body 1 When the connecting member 3 is separated from the rod body 1, the rod body 1 should be withdrawn from the connecting member 3 At this time, the strong spring 11-4 of the claw 11 on the drill bit 2 is ejected, and the high-strength resistance partition plate 11-3 is opened and extended out of the groove chamber 11-1 to block the rod body 1 from continuing to exit, and then the tail portion of the rod body 1 is successively set.
  • the tray 4 and install the nut 5 to fix the tray 4 then use The bolt rig 6 rotates the nut to complete the initial pre-tightening of the anchor rod, so that the bolt is squeezed into the coal body, the friction between the bolt and the coal body is increased, and the full-length anchoring of the bolt is realized, thereby completing a complete set of anchor rods. installation;
  • the underground staff checks the pre-tightening force of the bolt through the force wrench. If the pre-tightening force cannot meet the requirements, the bolt will be pre-tightened again, so that the tray 4 crushes the broken coal wall. To achieve the maintenance of preload;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种扩孔自转式锚杆及施工方法，用于煤巷快速掘进支护技术领域。扩孔自转式锚杆包括杆体（1）、钻头（2）、连接件（3）、托盘（4）和螺母（5）；连接件（3）与杆体尾部卡住固定，连接件（3）另一端连接锚杆钻机（6），杆体（1）中部有环形凸起（1-2），用于挡住粉末以填充杆体与煤体之间的空隙；钻头（2）为内螺纹式，可旋入杆体（1）前部，钻头（2）侧面有阻爪（11）和螺旋凹槽（9）。施工方法为先用锚杆钻机（6）钻出小于锚杆长度的孔，再连接锚杆与锚杆钻机（6）并将锚杆前部的钻头（2）放置到已钻好的孔中，最后将锚杆扩孔自转进煤体，完成扩孔自转式锚杆的施工。该方法减少了支护时间，避免了塌孔、堵孔导致废孔、锚固失效等问题，并且锚杆加工简单，成本低，操作简单方便，有较强的推广性，满足煤巷快速掘进的要求。

Description

一种扩孔自转式锚杆及使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种锚杆及使用方法，尤其是一种煤矿井下快速掘进中使用的扩孔自转式锚杆及使用方法。
背景技术
我国煤炭开采以地下开采为主，掘进和回采是地下煤炭开采的重要生产环节，因此采掘协调一直是我国煤炭生产过程中关注的重要问题。近年来，特别是采煤综合自动化、信息化发展以来，采煤工作面推进速度不断加快，但是掘进没有跟上回采的速度，造成采掘矛盾突出，工作面接替紧张，从而影响到煤炭的生产。其中，煤巷是煤矿掘进量最大的巷道，高效综采工作面的快速推进，每年要消耗大量的煤巷，煤巷掘进速度直接影响到采掘接替，因此，提高煤巷掘进速度，对煤炭安全高效生产至关重要。
现有掘进工作面的设备也非常先进，普遍使用掘进机，还有不少现代化矿井正使用连续采煤机和掘锚一体机。对于现代化矿井来说，掘进时的割煤环节已经不是制约推进速度的主要因素，反而锚杆支护，特别是帮部支护严重制约掘进速度。现在帮部支护大都采用树脂锚固技术，但是该技术在某些情况下已经不能满足煤巷快速掘进的要求，原因如下：施工工序复杂，耗时较多；煤体破碎或淋水严重，锚固效果不佳，严重时会失效；煤帮钻长孔时成孔率差，会经常出现塌孔、堵孔的情况。因此需要开发出一种快速作业、摒弃锚固剂又能提高锚固力的锚杆及施工方法。
发明内容
为了克服已有技术中的不足，本发明提供一种支护时间短，避免了塌孔锚固失效、堵孔导致废孔，且加工简单，成本低，操作简单方便的扩孔自转式锚杆及施工方法。
为实现上述技术目的，本发明的扩孔自转式锚杆，其特征在于：它包括杆体、钻头、连接件和紧固装置，所述杆体外侧表面上设有无纵肋螺纹，钻头设在杆体头部，杆体头部通过螺纹与钻头相连接，钻头的螺距与无纵肋螺纹钢的螺距一致，杆体尾部前后分别设有锚固装置和对称楔形体结构的连接部，连接部上设有便于与锚杆钻机连接使用的连接件，连接件与杆体连接的一端为圆柱体内部为倒楔形体切口，与锚杆杆体尾部的对称楔形体结构相匹配，其中杆体与钻头和连接件之间通过螺纹连接为组合结构；所述紧固装置包括托盘和螺母，当杆体钻入煤层后，托盘套入杆体尾部并通过螺母固定。
所述钻头外直径比锚杆杆体直径大3～8mm，所述钻头设有与杆体相连的开口，开口周围 设有多个凸起且向中心倾斜的尖刀，尖刀的顶部距钻头中心3mm～5mm，钻头侧面设有用于将钻进产生的粉末排出钻头位置螺旋凹槽，凹槽的宽度为5mm～8mm，凹槽的深度为3mm～5mm。
所述钻头侧面在凹槽间隙处设有多个阻爪，所述阻爪包括槽腔、圆轴、高强阻隔板和强力弹簧，所述槽腔为高强阻隔板转动提供一个空间，槽腔底部一侧通过圆轴与高强阻隔板活动连接，高强阻隔板与槽腔底部之间设有强力弹簧，高强阻隔板利用强力弹簧弹起并通过圆轴可在槽腔里转动。
所述杆体尾部的对称楔形体结构长度为30～100mm，楔形体开口角度为55～75°。
所述杆体长度的1/3～2/3处有焊接到杆体上的环形凸起，环形凸起直径比杆体直径大3～8mm，厚度为2～3mm。
一种扩孔自转式锚杆的使用方法，其包括以下步骤：
a.掘进机进行巷道的开挖之后，在普通钻杆上安装钻头，将普通钻杆安装在锚杆钻机上，普通钻杆和钻头的直径相同但都小于扩孔自转式锚杆的杆体直径2-4mm，布置煤层上的钻孔钻入点，启动锚杆钻机在钻入点钻进，直到钻入普通钻杆的长度达到扩孔自转式锚杆长度的1/3到2/3处时，停止钻入并将普通钻杆和钻头取出；
b.在扩孔自转式锚杆的杆体前部通过螺纹旋入钻头，将钻头放置到钻孔中，钻头的阻爪处于闭合状态，再确保杆体与锚杆钻机连接件保持水平，使得杆体尾部的楔形体正好嵌入到连接件中，将扩孔自转式锚杆通过连接件安装在锚杆钻机上；
c.启动锚杆钻机，借助扩孔自转式锚杆前部的钻头旋转和施工人员的顶推作用，在已有的小钻孔中快速向前推进扩孔自转式锚杆完成扩孔，使得锚杆杆体与煤层之间产生摩擦力，当明显感觉到推进的阻力时，则判断扩孔自转式锚杆到达煤层预设小钻孔的孔底，此时降低锚杆钻机的钻速，利用锚杆前部的钻头将杆体自转到煤体中，由于钻头前部的尖刀处于中部位置，能够使因钻进而产生的粉末通过钻头侧面的螺旋凹槽排离杆体头部，而杆体上的环形凸起挡住向钻孔外运行的钻孔粉末，钻孔粉末充实了杆体与煤体之间的空隙，当锚杆杆体外露长度剩余30～150mm时，关闭锚杆钻机，将连接件与杆体尾部的对称楔形体结构分离，由于锚杆自转的因素，连接件与杆体有力的作用，当连接件与杆体分离时，杆体本应该跟着连接件退出一些距离，此时钻头上的阻爪的强力弹簧弹出，将高强阻隔板撑开并延伸出槽腔以阻隔杆体继续退出，之后在杆体尾部先后套入托盘并安装螺母固定托盘，再使用锚杆钻机旋转螺母对锚杆完成初次预紧，使得锚杆挤压嵌入煤体，增大锚杆与煤体的摩擦力，实现锚杆的全长锚固，以此完成一整套锚杆的安装；
d.锚杆施工1h～2h后，用扳手对螺母进行旋紧完成二次预紧，以防周围锚杆施工时造成 该锚杆的预应力松弛；
e.锚杆施工12h～24h后，井下工作人员通过测力扳手检查锚杆的预紧力，如预紧力不能满足要求时再次对锚杆进行预紧，使托盘挤压破碎的煤壁，实现预紧力的维持；
f.重复步骤a～e进行下一根扩孔自转式锚杆的施工。
有益效果：由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
(1)简化了煤帮的支护工艺，减少了安装锚杆的支护时间。借助扩孔自转式锚杆前部的钻头旋转，和施工人员的顶推作用，使得锚杆可以顺利地进入煤体，预紧之后完成锚杆的施工，该工艺不需要使用钻机钻长孔，并且无需安放锚固剂，减少了施工时间；由于巷道断面的限制，造成锚杆不容易施工，需通过钻机事先钻出小钻孔，再将扩孔自转式锚杆放入孔中转入煤体，通过锚杆杆体与煤体之间的挤压而产生的摩擦力和嵌固力形成锚杆的锚固力，来维持巷道围岩的稳定性，并且同时避免了由于钻长孔而产生的塌孔和堵孔的问题，大大缩短了支护的时间，满足煤巷快速掘进的要求；(2)锚杆加工简单，成本低，操作简单方便，有较强的推广性和适用性。
附图说明
图1是扩孔自转式锚杆施工过程中的示意图；
图2是扩孔自转式锚杆施工完成后的示意图；
图3是扩孔自转式锚杆钻头整体示意图；
图4是扩孔自转式锚杆杆体尾部主视图；
图5是扩孔自转式锚杆杆体尾部俯视图。
图中：1、杆体；1-1、对称楔形体；1-2、环形凸起；2、钻头；3、连接件；4、托盘；5、螺母；6、锚杆钻机；7、煤层；8、小钻孔；9、螺旋凹槽；10、尖刀；11、阻爪；11-1、槽腔、11-2、圆轴；11-3、高强阻隔板；11-4、强力弹簧。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述：
如图1和图2所示，本发明的扩孔自转式锚杆，包括杆体1、钻头2、连接件3和紧固装置，所述杆体1外侧表面上设有无纵肋螺纹，钻头2设在杆体1头部，杆体1头部通过螺纹与钻头2相连接，钻头2的螺距与无纵肋螺纹钢的螺距一致。
如图3所示，所述钻头2外直径比锚杆杆体1直径大3～8mm，所述钻头2设有与杆体1相连的开口，开口周围设有多个凸起且向中心倾斜的尖刀10，尖刀10的顶部距钻头2中心3mm～5mm，钻头2侧面设有用于将钻进产生的粉末排出钻头位置螺旋凹槽9，凹槽9的宽度 为5mm～8mm，凹槽的深度为3mm～5mm。所述钻头2侧面在凹槽9间隙处设有多个阻爪11，所述阻爪11包括槽腔11-1、圆轴11-2、高强阻隔板11-3和强力弹簧11-4，所述槽腔11-1为高强阻隔板11-3转动提供一个空间，槽腔11-1底部一侧通过圆轴11-2与高强阻隔板11-3活动连接，高强阻隔板11-3与槽腔11-1底部之间设有强力弹簧11-4，高强阻隔板11-3利用强力弹簧11-4弹起并通过圆轴11-2可在槽腔11-1里转动。
如图4和图5所示，杆体1尾部前后分别设有锚固装置和对称楔形体结构的连接部，所述杆体1尾部的对称楔形体1-1结构长度为30mm～100mm，楔形体开口角度为55～75°，所述杆体1长度的1/3～2/3处有焊接到杆体1上的环形凸起1-2，环形凸起1-2直径比杆体1直径大3mm～8mm，厚度为2～3mm，连接部上设有便于与锚杆钻机6连接使用的连接件3，连接件3与杆体1连接的一端为圆柱体内部为倒楔形体切口，与锚杆杆体尾部的对称楔形体1-1结构相匹配，其中杆体1与钻头2和连接件3之间通过螺纹连接为组合结构；所述紧固装置包括托盘4和螺母5，当杆体1钻入煤层7后，托盘4套入杆体1尾部并通过螺母5固定。
一种扩孔自转式锚杆的使用方法，其包括以下步骤：
a.掘进机进行巷道的开挖之后，在普通钻杆上安装钻头，将普通钻杆安装在锚杆钻机6上，普通钻杆和钻头的直径相同但都小于扩孔自转式锚杆的杆体1直径2mm-4mm，布置煤层7上的钻孔8钻入点，启动锚杆钻机6在钻入点钻进，直到钻入普通钻杆的长度达到扩孔自转式锚杆长度的1/3到2/3处时，停止钻入并将普通钻杆和钻头取出；
b.在扩孔自转式锚杆的杆体1前部通过螺纹旋入钻头2，将钻头2放置到钻孔中，钻头的阻爪11处于闭合状态，再确保杆体1与锚杆钻机连接件3保持水平，使得杆体1尾部的楔形体正好嵌入到连接件3中，将扩孔自转式锚杆通过连接件3安装在锚杆钻机6上；
c.启动锚杆钻机，借助扩孔自转式锚杆前部的钻头2旋转和施工人员的顶推作用，在已有的小钻孔8中快速向前推进扩孔自转式锚杆完成扩孔，使得锚杆杆体1与煤层7之间产生摩擦力，当明显感觉到推进的阻力时，则判断扩孔自转式锚杆到达煤层7预设小钻孔8的孔底，此时降低锚杆钻机6的钻速，利用锚杆前部的钻头2将杆体1自转到煤体中，由于钻头2前部的尖刀10处于中部位置，能够使因钻进而产生的粉末通过钻头2侧面的螺旋凹槽9排离杆体1头部，而杆体1上的环形凸起1-2挡住向钻孔外运行的钻孔粉末，钻孔粉末充实了杆体1与煤体之间的空隙，当锚杆杆体1外露长度剩余30mm～150mm时，关闭锚杆钻机6，将连接件3与杆体1尾部的对称楔形体1-1结构分离，由于锚杆自转的因素，连接件3与杆体1有力的作用，当连接件3与杆体1分离时，杆体1本应该跟着连接件3退出一些距离，此时钻头2上的阻爪11的强力弹簧11-4弹出，将高强阻隔板11-3撑开并延伸出槽腔11-1以阻隔杆体1继续退出，之后在杆体1尾部先后套入托盘4并安装螺母5固定托盘4，再使用 锚杆钻机6旋转螺母对锚杆完成初次预紧，使得锚杆挤压嵌入煤体，增大锚杆与煤体的摩擦力，实现锚杆的全长锚固，以此完成一整套锚杆的安装；
d.锚杆施工1h～2h后，用扳手对螺母5进行旋紧完成二次预紧，以防周围锚杆施工时造成该锚杆的预应力松弛；
e.锚杆施工12～24h后，井下工作人员通过测力扳手检查锚杆的预紧力，如预紧力不能满足要求时再次对锚杆进行预紧，使托盘4挤压破碎的煤壁，实现预紧力的维持；
f.重复步骤a～e进行下一根扩孔自转式锚杆的施工。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种扩孔自转式锚杆，其特征在于：它包括杆体(1)、钻头(2)、连接件(3)和紧固装置，所述杆体(1)外侧表面上设有无纵肋螺纹，钻头(2)设在杆体(1)头部，杆体(1)头部通过螺纹与钻头(2)相连接，钻头(2)的螺距与无纵肋螺纹钢的螺距一致，杆体(1)尾部前后分别设有锚固装置和对称楔形体结构的连接部，连接部上设有便于与锚杆钻机(6)连接使用的连接件(3)，连接件(3)与杆体(1)连接的一端为圆柱体内部为倒楔形体切口，与锚杆杆体尾部的对称楔形体(1-1)结构相匹配，其中杆体(1)与钻头(2)和连接件(3)之间通过螺纹连接为组合结构；所述紧固装置包括托盘(4)和螺母(5)，当杆体(1)钻入煤层(7)后，托盘(4)套入杆体(1)尾部并通过螺母(5)固定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扩孔自转式锚杆，其特征在于：所述钻头(2)外直径比锚杆杆体(1)直径大3～8mm，所述钻头(2)设有与杆体(1)相连的开口，开口周围设有多个凸起且向中心倾斜的尖刀(10)，尖刀(10)的顶部距钻头(2)中心3mm～5mm，钻头(2)侧面设有用于将钻进产生的粉末排出钻头位置螺旋凹槽(9)，凹槽(9)的宽度为5mm～8mm，凹槽的深度为3mm～5mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的扩孔自转式锚杆，其特征在于：所述钻头(2)侧面在凹槽(9)间隙处设有多个阻爪(11)，所述阻爪(11)包括槽腔(11-1)、圆轴(11-2)、高强阻隔板(11-3)和强力弹簧(11-4)，所述槽腔(11-1)为高强阻隔板(11-3)转动提供一个空间，槽腔(11-1)底部一侧通过圆轴(11-2)与高强阻隔板(11-3)活动连接，高强阻隔板(11-3)与槽腔(11-1)底部之间设有强力弹簧(11-4)，高强阻隔板(11-3)利用强力弹簧(11-4)弹起并通过圆轴(11-2)可在槽腔(11-1)里转动。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的扩孔自转式锚杆，其特征在于：所述杆体(1)尾部的对称楔形体(1-1)结构长度为30mm～100mm，楔形体开口角度为55～75°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的扩孔自转式锚杆，其特征在于：所述杆体(1)长度的1/3～2/3处有焊接到杆体(1)上的环形凸起(1-2)，环形凸起(1-2)直径比杆体(1)直径大3mm～8mm，厚度为2～3mm。
  6. 一种使用权利要求1所述扩孔自转式锚杆的扩孔自转式锚杆的使用方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
    a.掘进机进行巷道的开挖之后，在普通钻杆上安装钻头，将普通钻杆安装在锚杆钻机(6)上，普通钻杆和钻头的直径相同但都小于扩孔自转式锚杆的杆体(1)直径2mm-4mm，布置煤层(7)上的钻孔(8)钻入点，启动锚杆钻机(6)在钻入点钻进，直到钻入普通钻杆的长度达到扩孔自转式锚杆长度的1/3到2/3处时，停止钻入并将普通钻杆和钻头取出；
    b.在扩孔自转式锚杆的杆体(1)前部通过螺纹旋入钻头(2)，将钻头(2)放置到钻孔 中，钻头的阻爪(11)处于闭合状态，再确保杆体(1)与锚杆钻机连接件(3)保持水平，使得杆体(1)尾部的楔形体正好嵌入到连接件(3)中，将扩孔自转式锚杆通过连接件(3)安装在锚杆钻机(6)上；
    c.启动锚杆钻机，借助扩孔自转式锚杆前部的钻头(2)旋转和施工人员的顶推作用，在已有的小钻孔(8)中快速向前推进扩孔自转式锚杆完成扩孔，使得锚杆杆体(1)与煤层(7)之间产生摩擦力，当明显感觉到推进的阻力时，则判断扩孔自转式锚杆到达煤层(7)预设小钻孔(8)的孔底，此时降低锚杆钻机(6)的钻速，利用锚杆前部的钻头(2)将杆体(1)自转到煤体中，由于钻头(2)前部的尖刀(10)处于中部位置，能够使因钻进而产生的粉末通过钻头(2)侧面的螺旋凹槽(9)排离杆体(1)头部，而杆体(1)上的环形凸起(1-2)挡住向钻孔外运行的钻孔粉末，钻孔粉末充实了杆体(1)与煤体之间的空隙，当锚杆杆体(1)外露长度剩余30mm～150mm时，关闭锚杆钻机(6)，将连接件(3)与杆体(1)尾部的对称楔形体(1-1)结构分离，由于锚杆自转的因素，连接件(3)与杆体(1)有力的作用，当连接件(3)与杆体(1)分离时，杆体(1)本应该跟着连接件(3)退出一些距离，此时钻头(2)上的阻爪(11)的强力弹簧(11-4)弹出，将高强阻隔板(11-3)撑开并延伸出槽腔(11-1)以阻隔杆体(1)继续退出，之后在杆体(1)尾部先后套入托盘(4)并安装螺母(5)固定托盘(4)，再使用锚杆钻机(6)旋转螺母对锚杆完成初次预紧，使得锚杆挤压嵌入煤体，增大锚杆与煤体的摩擦力，实现锚杆的全长锚固，以此完成一整套锚杆的安装；
    d.锚杆施工1h～2h后，用扳手对螺母(5)进行旋紧完成二次预紧，以防周围锚杆施工时造成该锚杆的预应力松弛；
    e.锚杆施工12～24h后，井下工作人员通过测力扳手检查锚杆的预紧力，如预紧力不能满足要求时再次对锚杆进行预紧，使托盘(4)挤压破碎的煤壁，实现预紧力的维持；
    f.重复步骤a～e进行下一根扩孔自转式锚杆的施工。
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