WO2018077997A1 - Sensor diagnostics for a capacitive sensing system - Google Patents

Sensor diagnostics for a capacitive sensing system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018077997A1
WO2018077997A1 PCT/EP2017/077396 EP2017077396W WO2018077997A1 WO 2018077997 A1 WO2018077997 A1 WO 2018077997A1 EP 2017077396 W EP2017077396 W EP 2017077396W WO 2018077997 A1 WO2018077997 A1 WO 2018077997A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric
heating member
capacitive
voltage
electric heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2017/077396
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Lamesch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
Original Assignee
IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA filed Critical IEE International Electronics and Engineering SA
Priority to US16/345,409 priority Critical patent/US20190263292A1/en
Priority to KR1020197014936A priority patent/KR102486368B1/en
Priority to CN201780066139.8A priority patent/CN109906175B/en
Priority to JP2019522456A priority patent/JP2020500302A/en
Priority to DE112017005428.1T priority patent/DE112017005428T5/en
Publication of WO2018077997A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018077997A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/002—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon
    • B60N2/0021—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/002—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon
    • B60N2/0021—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement
    • B60N2/003—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement characterised by the sensor mounting location in or on the seat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/002—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon
    • B60N2/0021—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement
    • B60N2/0035—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon characterised by the type of sensor or measurement characterised by the sensor data transmission, e.g. wired connections or wireless transmitters therefor; characterised by the sensor data processing, e.g. seat sensor signal amplification or electric circuits for providing seat sensor information
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/56—Heating or ventilating devices
    • B60N2/5678—Heating or ventilating devices characterised by electrical systems
    • B60N2/5685—Resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/037—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for occupant comfort, e.g. for automatic adjustment of appliances according to personal settings, e.g. seats, mirrors, steering wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
    • B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
    • B60R21/0153—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors
    • B60R21/01532—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors using electric or capacitive field sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
    • B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
    • B60R21/0153—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors
    • B60R21/0154—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors in combination with seat heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2210/00—Sensor types, e.g. for passenger detection systems or for controlling seats
    • B60N2210/10—Field detection presence sensors
    • B60N2210/12—Capacitive; Electric field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2230/00—Communication or electronic aspects
    • B60N2230/30—Signal processing of sensor data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H2083/201—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition the other abnormal electrical condition being an arc fault
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition
    • H01H2083/203—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition with shunt trip circuits, e.g. NC contact in an undervoltage coil circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to capacitive sensing, e.g. for detecting the presence or absence of a person on a seat (seat occupancy detection) or the presence or absence of a person's hand on the steering wheel of a car (hands-off or hands-on detection).
  • the present invention relates to a capacitive sensor device using a heating member as an antenna electrode, and a seat occupancy detection system for detecting an occupancy status of the seat, in particular a vehicle seat, comprising such capacitive sensor device.
  • Capacitive sensors and capacitive measurement and/or detection systems employing capacitive sensors have a wide range of applications, and are among others used for the detection of the presence and/or the position of a conductive body in the vicinity of an antenna electrode.
  • the term "capacitive sensor” designates a sensor, which generates a signal responsive to the influence of what is being sensed (a person, a part of a person's body, a pet, an object, etc.) upon an electric field.
  • a capacitive sensor generally comprises at least one antenna electrode, to which is applied an oscillating electric signal and which thereupon emits an electric field into a region of space proximate to the antenna electrode, while the sensor is operating.
  • the sensor comprises at least one sensing electrode - which may be identical with or different from emitting antenna electrodes - at which the influence of an object or living being on the electric field is detected.
  • an oscillating voltage signal is applied to a transmit electrode, which builds up an oscillating electric field to ground.
  • the object to be sensed modifies the capacitance between the transmit electrode and ground.
  • the "shunt mode” which is alternatively referred to as “coupling mode”
  • an oscillating voltage signal is applied to the transmitting electrode, building up an electric field to a receiving electrode, and the displacement current induced at the receiving electrode is measured. The measured displacement current depends on the body being sensed.
  • the transmit electrode is put in contact with the user's body, which then becomes a transmitter relative to a receiver, either by direct electrical connection or via capacitive coupling.
  • the capacitive coupling strength may e.g. be determined by applying an alternating voltage signal to an antenna electrode and by measuring the current flowing from that antenna electrode either towards ground (in the loading mode) or into a second antenna electrode (in coupling mode). This current may be measured by a transimpedance amplifier, which is connected to the sensing electrode and which converts the current flowing into the sensing electrode into a voltage proportional to the current.
  • a capacitive measurement circuit for determining a complex impedance of such capacitive sensor may include a common mode choke.
  • Common mode chokes include at least two wire windings, usually having the same number of turns, wound on a common ferrite core. The at least two wire windings work as simple wires against differential mode current flowing through the common mode choke windings in opposite current directions. Against common mode current flowing through the common mode choke windings in the same current direction, the at least two wire windings work as an inductor having a large impedance. For this reason, the common mode choke (CMC) is often employed to provide for AC-decoupling of the heating member from a heating current supply.
  • CMC common mode choke
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an illustration of this prior art.
  • Voltage source 2 represents the power supply for the heater, for example a seat heater control unit.
  • Electronic control module (ECM) 1 is configured as a capacitive measurement circuit. It comprises a common mode choke 5, an AC voltage source 9 and capacitors 6, 7 and 8. Capacitor 8 couples the AC voltage generated by AC voltage source 9 into the node 1 1 .
  • the heating member 12 has a complex impedance 13 towards ground.
  • the complex impedance 13 includes a capacitive component as well as a resistive component, which depend on the occupancy state of the vehicle seat. Complex impedance 13 is thus hereinafter also referred to as "unknown impedance” or “impedance to be determined”.
  • the capacitor 8 forms together with the unknown impedance 13 a voltage divider.
  • the complex voltage ILeas between node 1 1 and circuit ground 10 can be used to calculate the unknown complex impedance 13.
  • the common mode choke 5 decouples the AC voltage on node 1 1 from AC ground due to its large impedance.
  • the heating member 12 may at the same time be traversed by the DC current supplied by voltage source 2 and driven with the AC voltage by the capacitive measurement circuit.
  • Capacitors 6 and 7 ensure that a defined AC ground is present on the side of the common mode choke 5 that is connected to the DC power supply of the seat heater.
  • Ground 3 is the reference ground.
  • the connections of the common mode coke 5 are numbered 5.1 through 5.4: connection 5.1 connects the first winding to the high potential side of the voltage source 2; connection 5.2 connects the first winding to the high potential side of the heating member 12; connection 5.3 connects the second winding to the low potential side of the heating member 12 and connection 5.4 connects the second winding to the low potential side of the voltage source 2.
  • Resistor 4 represents the wiring resistance of the wiring between the low potential side of voltage source 2 and the fourth connection 5.4 of common mode choke 5.
  • the present invention is related to a capacitive sensor device using an electric heating member as a capacitive antenna electrode and comprising a common mode choke that is provided to interconnect the electric heating member and a heating current supply.
  • the electric heating member may in particular form part of a seat, for example a vehicle seat, or of a vehicle steering wheel.
  • Another conventional method which is to control the heating current supply to provide a heating current pulse, is not a viable option as the heating current supply (or a control unit that is provided to control the heating current supply) may be in a low-voltage or fault mode, or a communication to the control unit may not be available at all times.
  • the object is achieved by a capacitive sensor device that is configured for being connected to at least one electric heating member and for being connected to a heating current supply for providing electric power to the at least one electric heating member.
  • the at least one electric heating member is configured for serving as a capacitive antenna electrode.
  • the capacitive sensor device comprises a common mode choke, a capacitive sensing circuit, an electric measuring shunt and a remotely controllable source of direct current.
  • the common mode choke has first and second inductively coupled windings.
  • the first winding is configured for being connected between a first terminal of the heating current supply and a first terminal of the electric heating member.
  • the second winding is configured for being connected between a second terminal of the electric heating member and a second terminal of the heating current supply.
  • the capacitive sensing circuit is configured for injecting a periodic measurement signal into the at least one electric heating member via a measurement node and to measure, in response to the injected measurement signal, an electric quantity at the measurement node that is usable to determine a complex electrical impedance between the at least one electric heating member and a counter electrode.
  • the electric measuring shunt is electrically connected in series to the at least one electric heating member for providing a voltage that is representative of an electric current flowing through the at least one electric heating member.
  • the remotely controllable source of direct current is electrically connectable in parallel to the heating current supply.
  • the remotely controllable source of direct current is configured to provide, upon receiving a remote control signal, an electric pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge to the at least one electric heating member.
  • the electric pulse is conducted by the common mode choke in an unaffected manner.
  • the electric measuring shunt serves as a current monitor.
  • the capacitive sensing device allows, at almost any time of its operation, for assessing the functional integrity of the at least one electric heating member based on a voltage provided by the electric measuring shunt in response to the electric pulse and by comparing the voltage at the electric measuring shunt, or an electric quantity derived from the voltage, with at least one predetermined criterion.
  • one criterion may be that a predetermined minimum level of electric current has to be detected to assess the electric heating member as being faultless.
  • the invention is particularly applicable with benefits for at least one electric heating member of a seat, in particular a vehicle seat, but is also contemplated to apply the invention for other purposes, such as an electric heating member of the steering wheel.
  • vehicle as used in this application, shall particularly be understood to encompass passenger cars, trucks and buses. It is further noted herewith that the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are used in this application for distinction purposes only, and are not meant to indicate or anticipate a sequence or a priority in any way.
  • the periodic measurement signal may in particular be alternating measurement signal.
  • the capacitive sensing circuit is configured to determine a complex electrical impedance between the at least one electric heating member and a counter electrode that is formed by ground potential; i.e. the at least one electric heating member serving as a capacitive antenna electrode is operated in loading mode.
  • Capacitive sensing circuits of this kind are known in the art and therefore need not be described in more detail herein.
  • the remotely controllable source of direct current includes a capacitor that is configured to provide the predetermined amount of electric charge during a transition between two different states of charge of the capacitor.
  • the provided predetermined amount of the electric charge is the product of a capacitance of the capacitor and a voltage difference of the two different states of charge of the capacitor.
  • the remotely controllable source of direct current further includes a current supply that is configured to provide the predetermined amount of electric charge uniformly during a predetermined pulse duration.
  • the provided predetermined electric charge is the product of a magnitude of the electric current and the pulse duration.
  • one of the inductively coupled windings of the common mode choke serves as the electric measuring shunt. In this way, the extra hardware effort for the electric measuring shunt can be saved. Moreover, a power dissipation occurring at the extra electric measuring shunt can be eliminated.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a capacitive measurement system that comprises a capacitive sensor device as disclosed herein and a microcontroller that is configured for remotely controlling the remotely controllable source of direct current.
  • a capacitive measurement system that comprises a capacitive sensor device as disclosed herein and a microcontroller that is configured for remotely controlling the remotely controllable source of direct current.
  • the microcontroller includes a processor unit, a digital data memory unit, a microcontroller system clock and at least one control output, for instance formed by a plurality of pulse width modulation units, for remotely controlling the remotely controllable source of direct current.
  • a processor unit for instance, a central processing unit, a central processing unit, or a central processing unit, or a central processing unit, or a central processing unit, or a central processing unit.
  • a digital data memory unit for instance formed by a plurality of pulse width modulation units, for remotely controlling the remotely controllable source of direct current.
  • a microcontroller system clock for instance formed by a plurality of pulse width modulation units
  • the microcontroller further includes at least one analog-to-digital converter having an input port that is electrically connected to the electric measuring shunt for determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt.
  • the microcontroller further includes at least one analog-to-digital converter having an input port that is electrically connected to the electric measuring shunt for determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved with all the described benefits by a seat occupancy detection system for detecting an occupancy of a seat, in particular a vehicle seat.
  • the seat occupancy detection system comprises the disclosed capacitive measurement system, at least one electric heating member that is arranged at a cushion or a backrest forming part of the seat and that is employable as the capacitive antenna electrode, and a heating current supply for providing electric power to the at least one electric heating member.
  • a method of operating the disclosed capacitive measurement system with regard to a functional test of the at least one electric heating member comprises steps of a) sending a remote control signal to the remotely controllable source of direct current to enable provision of an electric pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge at least to the at least one electric heating member, b) determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt, and
  • a signal is generated that is indicative of the at least one electric heating member to be defective. In this manner, the function of the at least one electric heating member can be tested at almost all times of operation of the capacitive sensor device within the capacitive measurement system.
  • the electric quantity can be equal to the determined voltage.
  • the electric quantity can for instance be the time integral of the determined voltage over at least a portion of a duration of the electric pulse. This time integral is proportional to the electric charge that flowed through the at least one electric heating member in the portion of the duration of the electric pulse.
  • Other electric quantities that are derivable from the determined voltage are also contemplated for use.
  • the method comprises a preceding step of determining an output voltage of the heating current supply.
  • the determined output voltage of the heating current supply provides the information whether the at least one heating member is provided with electric power by the heating current supply or not.
  • the determined output voltage fulfills the conditions of being smaller than or equal to a predetermined lower threshold that is close to zero, the at least one heating member is not provided with electric power from the heating current supply. In this case, the steps (a) to (d) of the method disclosed above are carried out without modification.
  • the at least one heating member is being provided with electric power from the heating current supply.
  • there is already heating current flowing and the voltage drop across the electric measuring shunt caused by the heating current may be used to check the integrity of the heater.
  • the steps (a) to (d) of the method disclosed above are also carried out when the at least one heating member is powered by the heating current supply with the modification that the predetermined threshold for the electric quantity is replaced by a second predetermined threshold for the electric quantity, which is distinct from the predetermined threshold.
  • the second predetermined threshold considers the superposition of the electric power provided by the heating current supply and the electric pulse of the remotely controllable source of direct current. The contribution of a heating current provided by the heating current supply is accounted for by this measure.
  • Some embodiments of the method further comprise an additional step of redetermining an output voltage of the heating current supply that is to be carried out after executing the above-mentioned steps of determining an output voltage of the heating current supply and steps (a) to (c).
  • Step (d) is executed upon a fulfilled condition that the redetermined output voltage is equal within a predetermined margin of tolerance to the output voltage of the heating current supply determined in the preceding step. If the condition is not fulfilled, execution of the method may be resumed by carrying out step (a). By implementing this condition it can be ensured that the proper predetermined threshold for the electric quantity is used for comparing the electric quantity in step (c).
  • Some embodiments of the method further include a preceding step of determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt. After execution of the preceding step, steps (a) and (b) are carried out as disclosed. In an additional step of the method, a difference between the voltage across the electric measuring shunt as determined in step (b) and the voltage across the electric measuring shunt as determined in the preceding step is calculated. By this, a potential offset voltage can be eliminated. Then, the calculated difference is used as the electric quantity for executing step (c) and conditional step (d) of the method.
  • the steps of the method are automatically and periodically carried out.
  • the steps are carried out by the microcontroller of the capacitive measurement system.
  • the disclosed method does not exclude or hinder the option to functionally test the at least one electric heating member in a conventional way by executing steps (b) to (d) of the method if the determined output voltage of the heating current supply is larger than the predetermined lower threshold that is close to zero.
  • the method steps to be conducted are converted into a program code of the software module.
  • the program code is implementable in a digital data memory unit of the seat occupancy detection system and is executable by a processor unit of the seat occupancy detection system.
  • the digital data memory unit and/or the processor unit may be a digital data memory unit and/or a processing unit of the capacitive measurement system.
  • the processor unit may, alternatively or supplementary, be another processor unit that is especially assigned to execute at least some of the method steps.
  • the software module can enable a robust and reliable execution of the method and can allow for a fast modification of method steps.
  • Fig. 1 is a layout of a conventional seat occupancy detection system
  • Fig. 2 shows a layout of an embodiment of a seat occupancy detection system comprising a capacitive sensor device in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a layout of an embodiment of a seat occupancy detection system 20 comprising a capacitive measurement system 22 with a capacitive sensor device 50 in accordance with the invention.
  • the seat occupancy detection system 20 is configured for detecting an occupancy of a seat, in particular a vehicle seat of a passenger car, and includes the capacitive measurement system 22, a first electric heating member 24 that is arranged at a backrest of the vehicle seat and a second electric heating member 26 that is arranged at a seat cushion forming part of the vehicle seat.
  • the second electric heating member 26 is employed as a capacitive antenna electrode.
  • the seat occupancy detection system 20 comprises a heating current supply 32 designed as an electronic control unit for providing electric power to the electric heating members 24, 26.
  • the heating current supply 32 is configured to switch the electric power that is provided between a first output terminal 34 and a second output terminal 36 periodically on and off to control an electric heating power that is supplied to the seat heating members 24, 26 according to a pulse-width modulation scheme.
  • a typical switching frequency may, for example, be 25 Hz.
  • the capacitive sensor device 50 is electrically connected to the electric heating members 24, 26 and to the heating current supply 32.
  • the second electric heating member 26 serves as a capacitive antenna electrode for the capacitive sensor device 50.
  • the capacitive sensor device 50 includes a common mode choke 52 with first and second inductively coupled windings 54, 56.
  • the first winding 54 is electrically connected between the first output terminal 34 of the heating current supply 32 and a first terminal 28 of the second electric heating member 26.
  • the second winding 56 is electrically connected between a second terminal 30 of the second electric heating member 26 and the second output terminal 36 of the heating current supply 32.
  • the first electric heating member 24 is electrically connected directly to the first output terminal 34 and the second output terminal 36 of the heating current supply 32.
  • the capacitive sensor device 50 further includes a capacitive sensing circuit 58 that is configured for injecting a periodic alternating measurement signal into the second electric heating member 26 via a measurement node 60.
  • the measurement node 60 is arranged at the electrical connection between the second winding 56 of the common mode choke 52 and the second terminal 30 of the second electric heating member 26.
  • the capacitive sensing circuit 58 is configured to measure, in response to the injected measurement signal and using this a reference voltage, a complex electric voltage at the measurement node 60. From the measured complex electric voltage, the capacitive sensing circuit 58 is configured to determine a complex electrical impedance between the second electric heating member 26 and the vehicle chassis, which forms a counter electrode at ground potential. In this way, the second electric heating member 26 and the capacitive sensing circuit 58 are configured for operating in loading mode.
  • the common mode choke 52 AC- decouples the capacitive sensing circuit 58 from the first electric heating member 24 and the heating current supply 32.
  • the capacitive sensor device 50 comprises an electric measuring shunt 62 that is electrically connected in series to the second electric heating member 26 for providing a voltage that is representative of an electric current flowing through the second electric heating member 26.
  • the electric measuring shunt 62 is arranged between the second winding 56 of the common mode choke 52 and the second output terminal 36 of the heating current supply 32.
  • a remotely controllable source of direct current (DC) 64 forms part of the capacitive sensor device 50.
  • the DC source 64 is electrically connected in parallel to the first output terminal 34 and the second output terminal 36 of the heating current supply 32.
  • the remotely controllable DC source 64 includes a DC voltage source 66, a capacitor 68, a resistor 70 and two coupled, remotely controllable switches 72, 74 whose switching statuses are persistently opposite to each other.
  • the capacitor 68 is charged by the DC voltage source 66 via the resistor 70.
  • the capacitor 68 supplies a current pulse that flows through the first winding 54 of the common mode choke 52, the second electrical heating member 26, the second winding 56 of the common mode choke 52 and the electric measuring shunt 62.
  • the capacitor 68 also supplies a portion of the pulse current to the first electrical heating member 24, but this fact is not relevant for the further considerations.
  • the remotely controllable DC source 64 is configured to provide the electric current pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge to the electric heating members 24, 26.
  • the amount of flowing electric charge is given by the product of the capacitance of the capacitor 68 and the voltage difference of the capacitor 68 at the start and at the end of the current pulse, i.e. during a transition between two different states of charge of the capacitor 68.
  • the capacitive measurement system 22 further comprises a microcontroller 38.
  • the microcontroller 38 includes a processor unit 40, a digital data memory unit 42 to which the processor unit 40 has data access, and a microcontroller system clock that forms part of the processor unit 40.
  • the microcontroller 38 is configured for remotely controlling the remotely controllable DC source 64.
  • the microcontroller 38 is equipped with control outputs 44 formed as a plurality of pulse width modulation (PWM) units that are able to provide mutually independent PWM signals.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the microcontroller 38 includes a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) 46.
  • ADCs analog-to-digital converters
  • Input lines of two ADCs 46 are electrically connected to ends of the electric measuring shunt 62 for determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt 62 in a differential amplifier configuration.
  • Other ADCs are also electrically connected (not shown) to the first output terminal 34 and the second output terminal 36 of the heating current supply 32 for determining an output voltage of the heating current supply 32.
  • a control link (indicated by a double arrow in Fig. 2) between the microcontroller 38 and the capacitive sensing circuit 58 enables data transfer and control.
  • the microcontroller 38 comprises a software module 48 (Fig. 2).
  • the method steps to be conducted are converted into a program code of the software module 48.
  • the program code is implemented in the digital data memory unit 42 of the microcontroller 38 and is executable by the processor unit 40 of the microcontroller 38.
  • a first step 76 of the method an output voltage of the heating current supply 32 is determined by the ADCs 46 of the microcontroller 38. After that, a bifurcation in the flowchart occurs.
  • the microcontroller 38 sends, in the following step 78, a remote control signal to the remotely controllable DC source 64 to enable provision of an electric pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge to the electric heating members 24, 26.
  • a predetermined lower threshold that is close to zero, namely 1 .0 V
  • the microcontroller 38 sends, in the following step 78, a remote control signal to the remotely controllable DC source 64 to enable provision of an electric pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge to the electric heating members 24, 26.
  • All predetermined threshold and tolerance values mentioned herein reside in the digital data memory unit 42 of the microcontroller 38 and can readily be retrieved by the processor unit 40.
  • a next step 80 the voltage across the electric measuring shunt 62 is determined by the microcontroller 38 via the ADCs 46 in a periodic manner such that a plurality of voltage measurements is carried out during the duration of the electric pulse, and a time integral of the determined voltage is calculated as an electric quantity derived from the determined voltage by the processor unit 40. Then, in the next step 82, the electric quantity is compared with a predetermined threshold for the electric quantity. As an optional step 84 of the method (optional steps are indicated in the flowchart of Fig. 3 by dashed lines), an output voltage of the heating current supply 32 is redetermined and then compared to the previous determined output voltage in another step 86.
  • the next step is carried out. If not, the method is restarted with the step 78 of sending a remote control signal to the remotely controllable DC source 64. If the derived electric quantity is lower than the predetermined threshold for the electric quantity, a fault signal that is indicative of the second electric heating member 26 to be defective is generated by the microcontroller 38 as the next step 88. If the derived electric quantity is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold for the electric quantity, the method steps are started all over again.
  • step 76 If the output voltage of the heating current supply 32 determined in step 76 is larger than the predetermined lower threshold, i.e. if the heating members 24, 26 are powered by the heating current supply 32, there is already heating current flowing and the voltage drop across the electric measuring shunt 62 caused by the heating current may be used to check the integrity of the heater. It follows that there is no need to switch on the DC source 64 to feed the heater and the integrity test of the heating member 26 may be achieved in a conventional way by directly executing steps 80, 82 and 88.
  • the integrity check of the heater member 26 uses the DC source also in the case, in which the output voltage of the heating current supply 32 determined in step 76 is larger than the predetermined lower threshold, i.e. if the heating members 24, 26 are powered by the heating current supply 32. In this case, it is preferable to consider the superposition of the electric power provided by the heating current supply and the electric pulse of the remotely controllable source of direct current.
  • the microcontroller 38 replaces in another step 90 the predetermined threshold for the electric quantity by a second predetermined threshold that is distinct from the predetermined threshold and retrieved from the digital data memory unit 42. Then, the method steps are executed, starting with step 78 and using the second predetermined threshold for the electric quantity.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)

Abstract

A capacitive sensor device (50) is configured for being connected to at least one electric heating member (24, 26) serving as a capacitive antenna electrode. The capacitive sensor device (50) comprises a common mode choke (52) connected between the heating current supply (32) and the electric heating member (26), a capacitive sensing circuit (58) configured to determine a complex electrical impedance between the electric heating member (26) and a counter electrode, an electric measuring shunt (62) for providing a voltage that is representative of an electric current flowing through the electric heating member (26), and a remotely controllable source of direct current (64) electrically connected in parallel to the heating current supply (32). The remotely controllable source of direct current (64) is configured to provide, upon receiving a remote control signal, an electric pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge to the at least one electric heating member (24, 26).

Description

Sensor Diagnostics for a Capacitive Sensing System Technical field
[0001 ] The present invention generally relates to capacitive sensing, e.g. for detecting the presence or absence of a person on a seat (seat occupancy detection) or the presence or absence of a person's hand on the steering wheel of a car (hands-off or hands-on detection).
[0002] More specifically, the present invention relates to a capacitive sensor device using a heating member as an antenna electrode, and a seat occupancy detection system for detecting an occupancy status of the seat, in particular a vehicle seat, comprising such capacitive sensor device.
Background of the Invention
[0003] Capacitive sensors and capacitive measurement and/or detection systems employing capacitive sensors have a wide range of applications, and are among others used for the detection of the presence and/or the position of a conductive body in the vicinity of an antenna electrode. As used herein, the term "capacitive sensor" designates a sensor, which generates a signal responsive to the influence of what is being sensed (a person, a part of a person's body, a pet, an object, etc.) upon an electric field. A capacitive sensor generally comprises at least one antenna electrode, to which is applied an oscillating electric signal and which thereupon emits an electric field into a region of space proximate to the antenna electrode, while the sensor is operating. The sensor comprises at least one sensing electrode - which may be identical with or different from emitting antenna electrodes - at which the influence of an object or living being on the electric field is detected.
[0004] Different capacitive sensing mechanisms are for instance explained in the technical paper entitled "Electric Field Sensing for Graphical Interfaces" by J. R. Smith et al., published in IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 18(3): 54-60, 1998. The paper describes the concept of electric field sensing as used for making non-contact three-dimensional position measurements, and more particularly for sensing the position of a human hand for purposes of providing three dimensional positional inputs to a computer. Within the general concept of capacitive sensing, the author distinguishes between distinct mechanisms he refers to as "loading mode", "shunt mode", and "transmit mode" which correspond to various possible electric current pathways. In the "loading mode", an oscillating voltage signal is applied to a transmit electrode, which builds up an oscillating electric field to ground. The object to be sensed modifies the capacitance between the transmit electrode and ground. In the "shunt mode", which is alternatively referred to as "coupling mode", an oscillating voltage signal is applied to the transmitting electrode, building up an electric field to a receiving electrode, and the displacement current induced at the receiving electrode is measured. The measured displacement current depends on the body being sensed. In the "transmit mode", the transmit electrode is put in contact with the user's body, which then becomes a transmitter relative to a receiver, either by direct electrical connection or via capacitive coupling.
[0005] The capacitive coupling strength may e.g. be determined by applying an alternating voltage signal to an antenna electrode and by measuring the current flowing from that antenna electrode either towards ground (in the loading mode) or into a second antenna electrode (in coupling mode). This current may be measured by a transimpedance amplifier, which is connected to the sensing electrode and which converts the current flowing into the sensing electrode into a voltage proportional to the current.
[0006] Capacitive sensors which use a heating member as antenna electrode are known in the patent literature. A capacitive measurement circuit for determining a complex impedance of such capacitive sensor may include a common mode choke. Common mode chokes include at least two wire windings, usually having the same number of turns, wound on a common ferrite core. The at least two wire windings work as simple wires against differential mode current flowing through the common mode choke windings in opposite current directions. Against common mode current flowing through the common mode choke windings in the same current direction, the at least two wire windings work as an inductor having a large impedance. For this reason, the common mode choke (CMC) is often employed to provide for AC-decoupling of the heating member from a heating current supply.
[0007] This is illustrated, by way of example, in patent application US 201 1/0148648 A1 which describes a capacitive occupant sensing system for a vehicle seat, using a seat heating member 12 as antenna electrode. Fig. 1 schematically shows an illustration of this prior art. Voltage source 2 represents the power supply for the heater, for example a seat heater control unit. Electronic control module (ECM) 1 is configured as a capacitive measurement circuit. It comprises a common mode choke 5, an AC voltage source 9 and capacitors 6, 7 and 8. Capacitor 8 couples the AC voltage generated by AC voltage source 9 into the node 1 1 . The heating member 12 has a complex impedance 13 towards ground. The complex impedance 13 includes a capacitive component as well as a resistive component, which depend on the occupancy state of the vehicle seat. Complex impedance 13 is thus hereinafter also referred to as "unknown impedance" or "impedance to be determined". The capacitor 8 forms together with the unknown impedance 13 a voltage divider. The complex voltage ILeas between node 1 1 and circuit ground 10 can be used to calculate the unknown complex impedance 13. The common mode choke 5 decouples the AC voltage on node 1 1 from AC ground due to its large impedance. The heating member 12 may at the same time be traversed by the DC current supplied by voltage source 2 and driven with the AC voltage by the capacitive measurement circuit. Capacitors 6 and 7 ensure that a defined AC ground is present on the side of the common mode choke 5 that is connected to the DC power supply of the seat heater. Ground 3 is the reference ground. The connections of the common mode coke 5 are numbered 5.1 through 5.4: connection 5.1 connects the first winding to the high potential side of the voltage source 2; connection 5.2 connects the first winding to the high potential side of the heating member 12; connection 5.3 connects the second winding to the low potential side of the heating member 12 and connection 5.4 connects the second winding to the low potential side of the voltage source 2. Resistor 4 represents the wiring resistance of the wiring between the low potential side of voltage source 2 and the fourth connection 5.4 of common mode choke 5.
[0008] The present invention is related to a capacitive sensor device using an electric heating member as a capacitive antenna electrode and comprising a common mode choke that is provided to interconnect the electric heating member and a heating current supply. [0009] The electric heating member may in particular form part of a seat, for example a vehicle seat, or of a vehicle steering wheel.
[0010] For capacitive sensor devices that use an electric heating member as a capacitive antenna electrode it is essential to check the electric heating member for potential interruption. If the electric heating member was interrupted, it would no longer correctly fulfil its function as capacitive antenna electrode.
[001 1 ] If one or more additional heater(s), for example a back rest heater, is or are connected in parallel to the heater ECU, a simple solution which injects a DC current into the heaters and measures the voltage drop across the heaters is not possible because the paralleled back rest heater will hide a seat heater interruption. Also other conventional methods for performing a functional test of the electric heating member cannot be applied. For instance, an injection of an electric current of the usual high measurement frequencies through the electric heating member via the common mode choke is not feasible due to the required guarding. Another conventional method, which is to control the heating current supply to provide a heating current pulse, is not a viable option as the heating current supply (or a control unit that is provided to control the heating current supply) may be in a low-voltage or fault mode, or a communication to the control unit may not be available at all times.
Object of the invention
[0012] It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a capacitive sensor device that is capable of autonomously performing a diagnosis of an electric heating member serving as a capacitive antenna electrode.
General Description of the Invention
[0013] In one aspect of the present invention, the object is achieved by a capacitive sensor device that is configured for being connected to at least one electric heating member and for being connected to a heating current supply for providing electric power to the at least one electric heating member. The at least one electric heating member is configured for serving as a capacitive antenna electrode. [0014] The phrase "being configured to", as used in this application, shall in particular be understood as being specifically programmed, laid out, furnished or arranged.
[0015] The capacitive sensor device comprises a common mode choke, a capacitive sensing circuit, an electric measuring shunt and a remotely controllable source of direct current.
[0016] The common mode choke has first and second inductively coupled windings. The first winding is configured for being connected between a first terminal of the heating current supply and a first terminal of the electric heating member. The second winding is configured for being connected between a second terminal of the electric heating member and a second terminal of the heating current supply.
[0017] The capacitive sensing circuit is configured for injecting a periodic measurement signal into the at least one electric heating member via a measurement node and to measure, in response to the injected measurement signal, an electric quantity at the measurement node that is usable to determine a complex electrical impedance between the at least one electric heating member and a counter electrode.
[0018] The electric measuring shunt is electrically connected in series to the at least one electric heating member for providing a voltage that is representative of an electric current flowing through the at least one electric heating member.
[0019] The remotely controllable source of direct current is electrically connectable in parallel to the heating current supply. The remotely controllable source of direct current is configured to provide, upon receiving a remote control signal, an electric pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge to the at least one electric heating member.
[0020] As a differential mode current, the electric pulse is conducted by the common mode choke in an unaffected manner. The electric measuring shunt serves as a current monitor. The capacitive sensing device allows, at almost any time of its operation, for assessing the functional integrity of the at least one electric heating member based on a voltage provided by the electric measuring shunt in response to the electric pulse and by comparing the voltage at the electric measuring shunt, or an electric quantity derived from the voltage, with at least one predetermined criterion. For instance, one criterion may be that a predetermined minimum level of electric current has to be detected to assess the electric heating member as being faultless.
[0021 ] The invention is particularly applicable with benefits for at least one electric heating member of a seat, in particular a vehicle seat, but is also contemplated to apply the invention for other purposes, such as an electric heating member of the steering wheel.
[0022] The term "vehicle", as used in this application, shall particularly be understood to encompass passenger cars, trucks and buses. It is further noted herewith that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used in this application for distinction purposes only, and are not meant to indicate or anticipate a sequence or a priority in any way.
[0023] The periodic measurement signal may in particular be alternating measurement signal.
[0024] Preferably, the capacitive sensing circuit is configured to determine a complex electrical impedance between the at least one electric heating member and a counter electrode that is formed by ground potential; i.e. the at least one electric heating member serving as a capacitive antenna electrode is operated in loading mode. Capacitive sensing circuits of this kind are known in the art and therefore need not be described in more detail herein.
[0025] According to the invention, the remotely controllable source of direct current includes a capacitor that is configured to provide the predetermined amount of electric charge during a transition between two different states of charge of the capacitor. In particular, the provided predetermined amount of the electric charge is the product of a capacitance of the capacitor and a voltage difference of the two different states of charge of the capacitor. In this manner, a source of direct current can be provided that requires few parts and is therefore particularly cost-efficient. The charged capacitor can advantageouly generate a high current pulse without drawing significant peak current from the power supply.
[0026] In some embodiments of the capacitive sensor device, the remotely controllable source of direct current further includes a current supply that is configured to provide the predetermined amount of electric charge uniformly during a predetermined pulse duration. In particular, the provided predetermined electric charge is the product of a magnitude of the electric current and the pulse duration. By that, it can be enabled to evaluate the voltage that is representative of an electric current flowing through the at least one electric heating member at almost any time during the electric pulse, by which requirements regarding evaluating the voltage can be relaxed.
[0027] In some embodiments of the capacitive sensor device, one of the inductively coupled windings of the common mode choke serves as the electric measuring shunt. In this way, the extra hardware effort for the electric measuring shunt can be saved. Moreover, a power dissipation occurring at the extra electric measuring shunt can be eliminated.
[0028] The object of the invention is also achieved by a capacitive measurement system that comprises a capacitive sensor device as disclosed herein and a microcontroller that is configured for remotely controlling the remotely controllable source of direct current. The benefits described in context with the capacitive sensor device apply to such capacitive measurement system to the full extent.
[0029] Preferably, the microcontroller includes a processor unit, a digital data memory unit, a microcontroller system clock and at least one control output, for instance formed by a plurality of pulse width modulation units, for remotely controlling the remotely controllable source of direct current. Such equipped microcontrollers are commercially available in many variations and at economic prices. In this way, an automated measurement procedure employing the capacitive sensor device disclosed herein can be enabled.
[0030] An especially simple and cost-effective solution for the capacitive measurement system can be accomplished if the microcontroller further includes at least one analog-to-digital converter having an input port that is electrically connected to the electric measuring shunt for determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt. By that, a fast and undisturbed digital signal processing can be facilitated.
[0031 ] The object of the invention is also achieved with all the described benefits by a seat occupancy detection system for detecting an occupancy of a seat, in particular a vehicle seat. The seat occupancy detection system comprises the disclosed capacitive measurement system, at least one electric heating member that is arranged at a cushion or a backrest forming part of the seat and that is employable as the capacitive antenna electrode, and a heating current supply for providing electric power to the at least one electric heating member.
[0032] In another aspect of the invention, a method of operating the disclosed capacitive measurement system with regard to a functional test of the at least one electric heating member is provided. The method comprises steps of a) sending a remote control signal to the remotely controllable source of direct current to enable provision of an electric pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge at least to the at least one electric heating member, b) determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt, and
c) comparing an electric quantity that is derivable from the determined voltage with a predetermined threshold for the electric quantity.
[0033] If the electric quantity is lower than the predetermined threshold for the electric quantity, in a step (d) a signal is generated that is indicative of the at least one electric heating member to be defective. In this manner, the function of the at least one electric heating member can be tested at almost all times of operation of the capacitive sensor device within the capacitive measurement system.
[0034] In some embodiments, the electric quantity can be equal to the determined voltage. In other embodiments, the electric quantity can for instance be the time integral of the determined voltage over at least a portion of a duration of the electric pulse. This time integral is proportional to the electric charge that flowed through the at least one electric heating member in the portion of the duration of the electric pulse. Other electric quantities that are derivable from the determined voltage are also contemplated for use.
[0035] In some embodiments, the method comprises a preceding step of determining an output voltage of the heating current supply. The determined output voltage of the heating current supply provides the information whether the at least one heating member is provided with electric power by the heating current supply or not. [0036] If the determined output voltage fulfills the conditions of being smaller than or equal to a predetermined lower threshold that is close to zero, the at least one heating member is not provided with electric power from the heating current supply. In this case, the steps (a) to (d) of the method disclosed above are carried out without modification.
[0037] If the determined output voltage fulfills the conditions of being larger than the predetermined lower threshold that is close to zero, the at least one heating member is being provided with electric power from the heating current supply. In this case, there is already heating current flowing and the voltage drop across the electric measuring shunt caused by the heating current may be used to check the integrity of the heater. In a possible embodiment, the steps (a) to (d) of the method disclosed above are also carried out when the at least one heating member is powered by the heating current supply with the modification that the predetermined threshold for the electric quantity is replaced by a second predetermined threshold for the electric quantity, which is distinct from the predetermined threshold. The second predetermined threshold considers the superposition of the electric power provided by the heating current supply and the electric pulse of the remotely controllable source of direct current. The contribution of a heating current provided by the heating current supply is accounted for by this measure.
[0038] In this way, a functional test of the at least one electric heating member can be carried out irrespective of an operational status of the heating current supply. It should however be noted that as the current measurement in this case has to measure the superposition of heating current and current pulse, and as the current pulse is small compared to the heating current, the relative accuracy requirement for the current measurement is higher than if this case is not considered.
[0039] Some embodiments of the method further comprise an additional step of redetermining an output voltage of the heating current supply that is to be carried out after executing the above-mentioned steps of determining an output voltage of the heating current supply and steps (a) to (c). Step (d) is executed upon a fulfilled condition that the redetermined output voltage is equal within a predetermined margin of tolerance to the output voltage of the heating current supply determined in the preceding step. If the condition is not fulfilled, execution of the method may be resumed by carrying out step (a). By implementing this condition it can be ensured that the proper predetermined threshold for the electric quantity is used for comparing the electric quantity in step (c).
[0040] Some embodiments of the method further include a preceding step of determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt. After execution of the preceding step, steps (a) and (b) are carried out as disclosed. In an additional step of the method, a difference between the voltage across the electric measuring shunt as determined in step (b) and the voltage across the electric measuring shunt as determined in the preceding step is calculated. By this, a potential offset voltage can be eliminated. Then, the calculated difference is used as the electric quantity for executing step (c) and conditional step (d) of the method.
[0041 ] In preferred embodiments, the steps of the method are automatically and periodically carried out. Preferably, the steps are carried out by the microcontroller of the capacitive measurement system.
[0042] It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the disclosed method does not exclude or hinder the option to functionally test the at least one electric heating member in a conventional way by executing steps (b) to (d) of the method if the determined output voltage of the heating current supply is larger than the predetermined lower threshold that is close to zero.
[0043] In yet another aspect of the invention, a software module for controlling an execution of the method disclosed herein is provided.
[0044] The method steps to be conducted are converted into a program code of the software module. The program code is implementable in a digital data memory unit of the seat occupancy detection system and is executable by a processor unit of the seat occupancy detection system. Preferably, the digital data memory unit and/or the processor unit may be a digital data memory unit and/or a processing unit of the capacitive measurement system. The processor unit may, alternatively or supplementary, be another processor unit that is especially assigned to execute at least some of the method steps.
[0045] The software module can enable a robust and reliable execution of the method and can allow for a fast modification of method steps. Brief Description of the Drawings
[0046] Further details and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of not limiting embodiments with reference to the attached drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a layout of a conventional seat occupancy detection system,
Fig. 2 shows a layout of an embodiment of a seat occupancy detection system comprising a capacitive sensor device in accordance with the invention,
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method in accordance with the invention, and
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method in accordance with the invention.
Description of Preferred Embodiments
[0047] Fig. 2 illustrates a layout of an embodiment of a seat occupancy detection system 20 comprising a capacitive measurement system 22 with a capacitive sensor device 50 in accordance with the invention.
[0048] The seat occupancy detection system 20 is configured for detecting an occupancy of a seat, in particular a vehicle seat of a passenger car, and includes the capacitive measurement system 22, a first electric heating member 24 that is arranged at a backrest of the vehicle seat and a second electric heating member 26 that is arranged at a seat cushion forming part of the vehicle seat. The second electric heating member 26 is employed as a capacitive antenna electrode. Moreover, the seat occupancy detection system 20 comprises a heating current supply 32 designed as an electronic control unit for providing electric power to the electric heating members 24, 26. In an operational state, the heating current supply 32 is configured to switch the electric power that is provided between a first output terminal 34 and a second output terminal 36 periodically on and off to control an electric heating power that is supplied to the seat heating members 24, 26 according to a pulse-width modulation scheme. A typical switching frequency may, for example, be 25 Hz.
[0049] The capacitive sensor device 50 is electrically connected to the electric heating members 24, 26 and to the heating current supply 32. The second electric heating member 26 serves as a capacitive antenna electrode for the capacitive sensor device 50. The capacitive sensor device 50 includes a common mode choke 52 with first and second inductively coupled windings 54, 56. The first winding 54 is electrically connected between the first output terminal 34 of the heating current supply 32 and a first terminal 28 of the second electric heating member 26. The second winding 56 is electrically connected between a second terminal 30 of the second electric heating member 26 and the second output terminal 36 of the heating current supply 32. The first electric heating member 24 is electrically connected directly to the first output terminal 34 and the second output terminal 36 of the heating current supply 32.
[0050] The capacitive sensor device 50 further includes a capacitive sensing circuit 58 that is configured for injecting a periodic alternating measurement signal into the second electric heating member 26 via a measurement node 60. The measurement node 60 is arranged at the electrical connection between the second winding 56 of the common mode choke 52 and the second terminal 30 of the second electric heating member 26. The capacitive sensing circuit 58 is configured to measure, in response to the injected measurement signal and using this a reference voltage, a complex electric voltage at the measurement node 60. From the measured complex electric voltage, the capacitive sensing circuit 58 is configured to determine a complex electrical impedance between the second electric heating member 26 and the vehicle chassis, which forms a counter electrode at ground potential. In this way, the second electric heating member 26 and the capacitive sensing circuit 58 are configured for operating in loading mode.
[0051 ] By the described arrangement, the common mode choke 52 AC- decouples the capacitive sensing circuit 58 from the first electric heating member 24 and the heating current supply 32.
[0052] Moreover, the capacitive sensor device 50 comprises an electric measuring shunt 62 that is electrically connected in series to the second electric heating member 26 for providing a voltage that is representative of an electric current flowing through the second electric heating member 26. The electric measuring shunt 62 is arranged between the second winding 56 of the common mode choke 52 and the second output terminal 36 of the heating current supply 32. [0053] A remotely controllable source of direct current (DC) 64 forms part of the capacitive sensor device 50. The DC source 64 is electrically connected in parallel to the first output terminal 34 and the second output terminal 36 of the heating current supply 32. The remotely controllable DC source 64 includes a DC voltage source 66, a capacitor 68, a resistor 70 and two coupled, remotely controllable switches 72, 74 whose switching statuses are persistently opposite to each other. When the first switch 72 is closed (and the second switch 74 is open), the capacitor 68 is charged by the DC voltage source 66 via the resistor 70. When the first switch 72 is open (and the second switch 74 is closed), the capacitor 68 supplies a current pulse that flows through the first winding 54 of the common mode choke 52, the second electrical heating member 26, the second winding 56 of the common mode choke 52 and the electric measuring shunt 62. For the sake of completeness it is noted that the capacitor 68 also supplies a portion of the pulse current to the first electrical heating member 24, but this fact is not relevant for the further considerations. Thus, upon receiving a remote control signal for a selected duration of the current pulse, the remotely controllable DC source 64 is configured to provide the electric current pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge to the electric heating members 24, 26. The amount of flowing electric charge is given by the product of the capacitance of the capacitor 68 and the voltage difference of the capacitor 68 at the start and at the end of the current pulse, i.e. during a transition between two different states of charge of the capacitor 68.
[0054] The capacitive measurement system 22 further comprises a microcontroller 38. The microcontroller 38 includes a processor unit 40, a digital data memory unit 42 to which the processor unit 40 has data access, and a microcontroller system clock that forms part of the processor unit 40. The microcontroller 38 is configured for remotely controlling the remotely controllable DC source 64. To this end, the microcontroller 38 is equipped with control outputs 44 formed as a plurality of pulse width modulation (PWM) units that are able to provide mutually independent PWM signals.
[0055] Moreover, the microcontroller 38 includes a plurality of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) 46. Input lines of two ADCs 46 are electrically connected to ends of the electric measuring shunt 62 for determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt 62 in a differential amplifier configuration. Other ADCs are also electrically connected (not shown) to the first output terminal 34 and the second output terminal 36 of the heating current supply 32 for determining an output voltage of the heating current supply 32.
[0056] A control link (indicated by a double arrow in Fig. 2) between the microcontroller 38 and the capacitive sensing circuit 58 enables data transfer and control.
[0057] In the following, an embodiment of a method of operating the seat occupancy detection system 20 pursuant to Fig. 2 with regard to a functional test of the second electric heating member 26 will be described. A flowchart of the method is provided in Fig. 3. In preparation of operating the seat occupancy detection system 20, it shall be understood that all involved units and devices are in an operational state and configured as illustrated in Fig. 2.
[0058] In order to be able to carry out the method automatically and periodically and in a controlled way, the microcontroller 38 comprises a software module 48 (Fig. 2). The method steps to be conducted are converted into a program code of the software module 48. The program code is implemented in the digital data memory unit 42 of the microcontroller 38 and is executable by the processor unit 40 of the microcontroller 38.
[0059] Referring now to Fig. 3, in a first step 76 of the method, an output voltage of the heating current supply 32 is determined by the ADCs 46 of the microcontroller 38. After that, a bifurcation in the flowchart occurs.
[0060] If the determined output voltage of the heating current supply 32 is smaller than or equal to a predetermined lower threshold that is close to zero, namely 1 .0 V, i.e. if the heating members 24, 26 are not powered by the heating current supply 32, the microcontroller 38 sends, in the following step 78, a remote control signal to the remotely controllable DC source 64 to enable provision of an electric pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge to the electric heating members 24, 26. All predetermined threshold and tolerance values mentioned herein reside in the digital data memory unit 42 of the microcontroller 38 and can readily be retrieved by the processor unit 40. [0061 ] In a next step 80, the voltage across the electric measuring shunt 62 is determined by the microcontroller 38 via the ADCs 46 in a periodic manner such that a plurality of voltage measurements is carried out during the duration of the electric pulse, and a time integral of the determined voltage is calculated as an electric quantity derived from the determined voltage by the processor unit 40. Then, in the next step 82, the electric quantity is compared with a predetermined threshold for the electric quantity. As an optional step 84 of the method (optional steps are indicated in the flowchart of Fig. 3 by dashed lines), an output voltage of the heating current supply 32 is redetermined and then compared to the previous determined output voltage in another step 86. If the redetermined output voltage is equal to the previous determined output voltage within a predetermined margin of tolerance of ±20%, the next step is carried out. If not, the method is restarted with the step 78 of sending a remote control signal to the remotely controllable DC source 64. If the derived electric quantity is lower than the predetermined threshold for the electric quantity, a fault signal that is indicative of the second electric heating member 26 to be defective is generated by the microcontroller 38 as the next step 88. If the derived electric quantity is equal to or larger than the predetermined threshold for the electric quantity, the method steps are started all over again.
[0062] If the output voltage of the heating current supply 32 determined in step 76 is larger than the predetermined lower threshold, i.e. if the heating members 24, 26 are powered by the heating current supply 32, there is already heating current flowing and the voltage drop across the electric measuring shunt 62 caused by the heating current may be used to check the integrity of the heater. It follows that there is no need to switch on the DC source 64 to feed the heater and the integrity test of the heating member 26 may be achieved in a conventional way by directly executing steps 80, 82 and 88.
[0063] In the embodiment of the method as shown in Fig. 4, the integrity check of the heater member 26 uses the DC source also in the case, in which the output voltage of the heating current supply 32 determined in step 76 is larger than the predetermined lower threshold, i.e. if the heating members 24, 26 are powered by the heating current supply 32. In this case, it is preferable to consider the superposition of the electric power provided by the heating current supply and the electric pulse of the remotely controllable source of direct current. In this embodiment, the microcontroller 38 replaces in another step 90 the predetermined threshold for the electric quantity by a second predetermined threshold that is distinct from the predetermined threshold and retrieved from the digital data memory unit 42. Then, the method steps are executed, starting with step 78 and using the second predetermined threshold for the electric quantity.
[0064] While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments.
[0065] Other variations to be disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality, which is meant to express a quantity of at least two. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting scope.
List of Reference Symbols
1 electronic control module 44 control output
2 DC voltage source 46 ADC
3 ground 48 software module
4 resistor 50 capacitive sensor device
5 common mode choke 52 common mode choke
6 capacitor 54 1 st winding
7 capacitor 56 2nd winding
8 capacitor 58 capacitive sensing circuit
9 AC voltage source 60 measurement node
10 circuit ground 62 electric measuring shunt
1 1 node 64 remotely controllable DC source
12 seat heating member 66 DC voltage source
13 complex impedance 68 capacitor
20 seat occupancy detection 70 resistor
system
72 1 st switch
22 capacitive measurement system
74 2nd switch
24 1 st electric heating member
steps
26 2nd electric heating member
76 determine output voltage
28 1 st terminal
78 send remote control signal
30 2nd terminal
80 determine shunt voltage
32 heating current supply
82 compare electric quantity
34 1 st output terminal
84 redetermine output voltage
36 2nd output terminal
86 compare output voltages
38 microcontroller
88 generate fault signal
40 processor unit
90 replace predetermined threshold
42 digital data memory unit

Claims

A capacitive sensor device (50) that is configured for being connected to at least one electric heating member (24, 26) and to a heating current supply (32) for providing electric power to the at least one electric heating member (24, 26), wherein the at least one electric heating member (26) is configured for serving as a capacitive antenna electrode, the capacitive sensor device (50) comprising
- a common mode choke (52) having first and second inductively coupled windings (54, 56), wherein the first winding (54) is configured for being connected between a first output terminal (34) of the heating current supply (32) and a first terminal (28) of the electric heating member (26), and wherein the second winding (56) is configured for being connected between a second terminal (30) of the electric heating member (26) and a second output terminal (36) of the heating current supply (32),
- a capacitive sensing circuit (58) that is configured for injecting a periodic measurement signal into the at least one electric heating member (26) via a measurement node (60) and to measure, in response to the injected measurement signal, an electrical quantity at the measurement node (60) that is usable to determine a complex electrical impedance between the at least one electric heating member (26) and a counter electrode,
- an electric measuring shunt (62) that is electrically connected in series to the at least one electric heating member (26) for providing a voltage that is representative of an electric current flowing through the at least one electric heating member (26), and
- a remotely controllable source of direct current (64) that is electrically connectable in parallel to the heating current supply (32),
wherein the remotely controllable source of direct current (64) includes a capacitor (68) that is configured to provide, upon receiving a remote control signal, an electric pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge to the at least one electric heating member (24, 26) during a transition between two different states of charge of the capacitor (68).
The capacitive sensor device (50) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the remotely controllable source of direct current (64) further includes a current supply that is configured to provide the predetermined amount of electric charge uniformly during a predetermined pulse duration.
The capacitive sensor device (50) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the inductively coupled windings (54, 56) of the common mode choke (52) serves as the electric measuring shunt (62).
A capacitive measurement system (22) including
- a capacitive sensor device (50) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, and
- a microcontroller (38) that is configured for remotely controlling the remotely controllable source of direct current (64).
The capacitive measurement system (22) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the microcontroller (38) includes at least one analog-to-digital converter (46) having an input port that is electrically connected to the electric measuring shunt (62) for determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt (62).
A seat occupancy detection system (20) for detecting an occupancy of a seat, in particular a vehicle seat, the seat occupancy detection system (20) comprising
- a capacitive measurement system (22) as claimed in claim 4 or 5,
- at least one electric heating member (26) that is arranged at a cushion or a backrest forming part of the seat and that is employable as the capacitive antenna electrode, and
- a heating current supply (32) for providing electric power to the at least one electric heating member (26).
A method of operating the capacitive measurement system (22) as claimed in claim 4 or 5 with regard to a functional test of the at least one electric heating member (26), the method comprising steps of
- sending (78) a remote control signal to the remotely controllable source of direct current (64) to enable provision of an electric pulse having a predetermined amount of electric charge at least to the at least one electric heating member (26),
- determining (80) the voltage across the electric measuring shunt (62), - comparing (82) an electric quantity that is derivable from the determined voltage with a predetermined threshold for the electric quantity, and
- if the electric quantity is lower than the predetermined threshold for the electric quantity, generate (88) a signal that is indicative of the at least one electric heating member (26) to be defective.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, comprising a preceding step of
- determining (76) an output voltage of the heating current supply (32), and
- carrying out the steps (78, 80, 82, 88) as disclosed in claim 8 upon a fulfilled condition that the determined output voltage is smaller than or equal to a predetermined lower threshold that is close to zero, or
- carrying out the steps (78, 80, 82, 88) as disclosed in claim 8 using a second predetermined threshold for the electric quantity that is distinct from the predetermined threshold upon a fulfilled condition that the determined output voltage is larger than the predetermined lower threshold that is close to zero.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a step of
- after executing step (76) and steps (78, 80, 82), redetermining (84) an output voltage of the heating current supply (32), and
- executing step (88) upon a fulfilled condition that the redetermined output voltage is equal to the output voltage determined in step (76) within a predetermined margin of tolerance.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, comprising a preceding step of
- determining the voltage across the electric measuring shunt,
- carrying out the steps (78) and (80) as disclosed in claim 8, and a step of - calculating a difference between the voltage across the electric measuring shunt as determined in step (80) and the voltage across the electric measuring shunt as determined in the first step of this claim, and
- using the calculated difference as the electric quantity while executing steps (82) and (88).
1 1 . The method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the steps are automatically and periodically carried out.
12. A software module (48) for controlling an execution of the method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 1 1 , wherein the method steps (76 to 90) to be conducted are converted into a program code of the software module (48), wherein the program code is implementable in a digital data memory unit (42) of the capacitive measurement system (22) or a separate control unit and is executable by a processor unit (40) of the capacitive measurement system (22) or a separate control unit.
PCT/EP2017/077396 2016-10-28 2017-10-26 Sensor diagnostics for a capacitive sensing system Ceased WO2018077997A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/345,409 US20190263292A1 (en) 2016-10-28 2017-10-26 Sensor diagnostics for a capacitive sensing system
KR1020197014936A KR102486368B1 (en) 2016-10-28 2017-10-26 Sensor Diagnostics for Capacitive Sensing Systems
CN201780066139.8A CN109906175B (en) 2016-10-28 2017-10-26 Sensor diagnostics for capacitive sensing systems
JP2019522456A JP2020500302A (en) 2016-10-28 2017-10-26 Sensor diagnostics for capacitive sensing systems
DE112017005428.1T DE112017005428T5 (en) 2016-10-28 2017-10-26 Sensor diagnosis for a capacitive sensor system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU93284 2016-10-28
LU93284A LU93284B1 (en) 2016-10-28 2016-10-28 Sensor diagnostics for a capacitive sensing system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018077997A1 true WO2018077997A1 (en) 2018-05-03

Family

ID=57544487

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2017/077396 Ceased WO2018077997A1 (en) 2016-10-28 2017-10-26 Sensor diagnostics for a capacitive sensing system

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20190263292A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2020500302A (en)
KR (1) KR102486368B1 (en)
CN (1) CN109906175B (en)
DE (1) DE112017005428T5 (en)
LU (1) LU93284B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2018077997A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019130746A1 (en) * 2019-11-14 2021-05-20 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Combined capacitive sensor and heating device for a steering input device, steering input device and method for operating a steering input device

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111587519A (en) * 2018-01-18 2020-08-25 昕诺飞控股有限公司 Power conversion adapted to input voltage
CN112285481A (en) * 2019-07-12 2021-01-29 北京德意新能科技有限公司 Device for insulation monitoring and fault positioning of direct-current line
CN110772232B (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-28 成都怡康科技有限公司 Electrode falling detection circuit and detection method
LU500033B1 (en) * 2021-04-12 2022-10-12 Iee Sa Low-Cost, Protected Capacitive Sensing Circuit for Loading Mode Operation of Capacitive Sensors Employing Heater Members
CN113247078B (en) * 2021-05-26 2022-08-23 上海弘遥电子研究开发有限公司 Method and system for detecting steering wheel being away from hand
LU505081B1 (en) * 2023-09-12 2025-03-12 Iee Sa Capacitive Sensing Device for Hands-Off Detection

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001004648A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-18 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Occupant sensor
US20010045733A1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2001-11-29 Stanley James Gregory Occupant sensor
US20110148648A1 (en) 2009-12-21 2011-06-23 Thomas Fischer Capacitive occupant sensing system and method
WO2012080066A1 (en) * 2010-12-17 2012-06-21 Iee International Electronics & Engineering S.A. Seat heater usable as antenna electrode
WO2016037826A1 (en) * 2014-09-10 2016-03-17 Iee International Electronics & Engineering S.A. Capacitive occupancy or proximity detector

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4892597B2 (en) * 2009-09-28 2012-03-07 株式会社ホンダエレシス Occupant detection system
LU92179B1 (en) * 2013-04-09 2014-10-10 Iee Sarl Capacitive sensing device
US20180345834A1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2018-12-06 Iee International Electronics & Engineering S.A. Capacitive vehicle seat occupancy detection system with detection of vehicle seat heater member interruption

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001004648A1 (en) * 1999-07-12 2001-01-18 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Occupant sensor
US20010045733A1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2001-11-29 Stanley James Gregory Occupant sensor
US20110148648A1 (en) 2009-12-21 2011-06-23 Thomas Fischer Capacitive occupant sensing system and method
WO2012080066A1 (en) * 2010-12-17 2012-06-21 Iee International Electronics & Engineering S.A. Seat heater usable as antenna electrode
WO2016037826A1 (en) * 2014-09-10 2016-03-17 Iee International Electronics & Engineering S.A. Capacitive occupancy or proximity detector

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
J. R. SMITH ET AL.: "Electric Field Sensing for Graphical Interfaces", IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 18, no. 3, 1998, pages 54 - 60, XP000927340, DOI: doi:10.1109/38.674972

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019130746A1 (en) * 2019-11-14 2021-05-20 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Combined capacitive sensor and heating device for a steering input device, steering input device and method for operating a steering input device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20190077439A (en) 2019-07-03
JP2020500302A (en) 2020-01-09
CN109906175B (en) 2022-10-11
CN109906175A (en) 2019-06-18
US20190263292A1 (en) 2019-08-29
KR102486368B1 (en) 2023-01-06
DE112017005428T5 (en) 2019-08-01
LU93284B1 (en) 2018-05-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20190263292A1 (en) Sensor diagnostics for a capacitive sensing system
US9731627B2 (en) Capacitive sensor
US10793097B2 (en) Capacitive measurement circuit with sensor wiring diagnostics
US10131255B2 (en) Capacitive sensor configured for using heating element as antenna electrode
US12078666B2 (en) Multi-channel capacitance sensing measurement circuit
US20150298590A1 (en) Capacitive occupancy or proximity detector
US11050422B2 (en) Diagnostics for capacitive sensor
US10399526B2 (en) Capacitive sensor device with EMI-robust capacitive measurement circuit
US10457236B2 (en) Capacitive seat occupancy detection and classification system
US12132478B2 (en) Low-cost, protected capacitive sensing circuit for loading mode operation of capacitive sensors employing heater members
US10132651B2 (en) Capacitive sensing system with hardware diagnostics concept for detection of sensor interruption
US10126149B2 (en) Capacitive occupancy or proximity detector
US20180345834A1 (en) Capacitive vehicle seat occupancy detection system with detection of vehicle seat heater member interruption
US11530956B2 (en) Capacitive sensor arrangement
LU101255B1 (en) Multi-Channel Capacitance Sensing Measurement Circuit
US7919883B2 (en) Two-wire adapter
WO2020099391A1 (en) System for capacitive object detection

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17791361

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2019522456

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 20197014936

Country of ref document: KR

Kind code of ref document: A

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17791361

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1