WO2018053939A1 - Extrusion casting method of workpiece - Google Patents

Extrusion casting method of workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018053939A1
WO2018053939A1 PCT/CN2016/108278 CN2016108278W WO2018053939A1 WO 2018053939 A1 WO2018053939 A1 WO 2018053939A1 CN 2016108278 W CN2016108278 W CN 2016108278W WO 2018053939 A1 WO2018053939 A1 WO 2018053939A1
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extrusion
casting
punch
mold
extrusion punch
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PCT/CN2016/108278
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
朱权利
陈家坚
李元元
张卫文
吴资湧
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华南理工大学
广东粤海华金科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018053939A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018053939A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/02Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging

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  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for extrusion casting of a casting which can improve the pressure distribution state, and is advantageous for molding of a portion having a large thickness and improvement of the overall performance of the casting.
  • a method for extrusion casting of a casting which can realize secondary direct extrusion in the same direction for a casting having uneven thickness, the casting comprising a first portion and a second portion, the thickness of the first portion being smaller than the thickness of the second portion, The method includes the following steps:
  • the pressing force of the first pressing punch to the first portion is maintained at f1.
  • the first extrusion punch is continuously pressed against the melt of the first member to prevent deformation due to pressurization of the second extrusion punch, thereby ensuring product quality.
  • the first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch are driven by the main hydraulic cylinder to press the melt.
  • step (5) before the mold is opened, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is first released, and the main hydraulic cylinder is released again.
  • the mold presses the melt of the first portion and the second portion for the first time, and the first extrusion specific pressure is 50-150 MPa.
  • the second extrusion punch presses the melt of the second portion a second time, and the second extrusion pressure is 60-150 MPa.
  • the dwell time t1 is 30-80 s
  • the dwell time t2 is 30-70 s.
  • the casting is a turbine
  • the first part is a rib plate
  • the second part is a turbine rim
  • the first extrusion punch is an upper core
  • the second extrusion punch is an upper die ring arranged around the upper core.
  • the thickness of the rib position is thinner than the thickness of the turbine rim position.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a mold according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a casting method for castings can achieve secondary direct extrusion in the same direction for a casting having uneven thickness, the casting including a first portion and a second portion, and the thickness of the first portion is second.
  • the thickness of the portion is small, and the method includes the following steps:
  • the method adopts secondary direct extrusion of the casting in the same direction in the vertical direction, and in the solidification process of the casting, according to the order of solidification of different parts of the casting, the secondary extrusion is carried out in stages, so that the pressing pressure is in the process of solidification of the alloy.
  • Reasonable distribution improve the pressure distribution state, improve the local extrusion specific pressure and pressure effective action time, effectively solve the problems of dense structure and large grain size in parts with large thickness and small thickness, which is beneficial to thick parts. Improve the overall performance of molding and castings, improve product quality and yield.
  • the casting is a turbine
  • the first part is a rib
  • the second part is a turbine rim
  • the first extrusion punch is an upper core
  • the second extrusion punch is arranged around the upper core. Mould ring.
  • the thickness of the rib position is thinner than the thickness of the turbine rim position.
  • the mold cavity has a preheating temperature of 150 to 250 °C.
  • the first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch are driven by the main hydraulic cylinder to press the melt.
  • the main hydraulic cylinder is pressurized to a certain pressure and held for 30-80 s, and the first extrusion is performed by the first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch, and the first extrusion is performed.
  • the specific pressure is 50-150 MPa.
  • the squeeze casting method specifically includes the following steps:
  • the main hydraulic cylinder drives the upper core and the upper mold ring to be closed downward, and the descending speed is 8 mm/s;
  • the lifting hydraulic cylinder drives the upper mold to move upward to open the mold
  • the worm wheel blank produced by the method of the invention has the advantages of compact structure, excellent mechanical properties, small machining allowance, and the like, and the method of the invention has high automation degree and high utilization rate of raw materials. Improve the quality of castings while reducing production costs, suitable for mass production, with positive technical application and promotion value.
  • the second pressing punch 612 presses down the thicker part of the casting, and the auxiliary driving cylinder 50 pressurizes and holds the pressure, so that the solidified part with thicker thickness of the casting is still solidified under high pressure, so as to achieve the second extrusion of the casting. .
  • the vertical extrusion casting machine The two large pressures are directly squeezed and cast in the same direction in the vertical direction to ensure that the uneven thickness castings are sequentially solidified under the effective extrusion specific pressure, thereby improving product quality and yield.
  • the two large pressure extrusion drive cylinders are connected in series, the overall structure of the casting machine is compact, small in size, low in manufacturing cost, and easy to install and maintain.
  • the extrusion casting machine sets n driving cylinders according to actual needs, and the movable template 20 is set to n-1 according to actual needs, according to the solidification of different parts of the casting. In order, the extrusion is performed in stages.
  • the first extrusion punch 611 is an upper core
  • the second extrusion punch 612 is an upper mold ring disposed around the upper core
  • the upper mold 610 further includes an upper mold base. 613
  • the upper mold frame 613 is connected to the movable die plate 20, and the upper mold core is fixed on the upper mold frame 613.
  • the lower mold 620 includes a lower mold sleeve 621 fixed on the second template 30, and is fixed on the lower mold sleeve 621.
  • the core 622 and the lower core 622 are provided with a cavity 623 matched with the upper core and the upper mold ring, so as to be suitable for casting of a casting having a small center thickness and a large outer ring thickness, which is particularly suitable for casting of a turbine and solving the turbine.
  • the outer ring portion is less problematic than the dense structure of the rib portion and the coarse grain.
  • the mold can also be set to other forms depending on the shape of the casting.
  • the vertical squeeze casting machine further includes a top plate 510 that is coupled to the piston rod of the sub-drive cylinder 50, and a second extrusion punch 612 that is coupled to the top plate 510.
  • the piston rod of the secondary drive cylinder 50 is coupled to the second extrusion punch 612 by a top plate 510 for ease of installation and maintenance.
  • a guide post 70 is connected between the first template 10 and the second template 30, and the movable die plate 20 is provided with a guide hole (not shown) that cooperates with the guide post 70.
  • the guide post 70 guides the movement of the movable die plate 20, so that the movable die plate 20 is more stable during the up and down movement, avoiding the occurrence of offset, and also making the clamping precision higher.
  • the guide post 70 has two groups, and the two sets of guide posts are arranged one behind the other, and each set of guide columns includes two guide posts 70, so that the movable template 20 is more balanced and stable during the up and down movement.
  • the vertical extrusion casting machine further includes a driving mechanism 80 for driving the movable die plate 20 to move up and down, and the driving mechanism 80 is disposed on the first template 10.
  • the driving mechanism 80 drives the movable die plate 20 to move upward to open the mold, and the auxiliary driving cylinder 50 drives the top plate 510 to eject the casting, which makes the mold opening more convenient and makes the overall structure of the vertical extrusion casting machine more compact.
  • the drive mechanism 80 is a lift cylinder, and the piston rod of the lift cylinder is connected to the movable die plate 20.
  • the main drive cylinder 40 and the sub drive cylinder 50 are also hydraulic cylinders, and the main drive cylinder 40, the sub drive cylinder 50, and the drive mechanism 80 may also be in other drive forms as needed.

Abstract

An extrusion casting method of a workpiece. The method comprises the following steps: pre-heating a mold and pouring a molten material into a forming cavity of the mold; an upper mold (610) moving downwards to a lower mold (620) to close the mold, a first extrusion punch (611) then performing extrusion on the molten material of a first portion, and a second extrusion punch (612) performing extrusion on the molten material of a second portion; the first extrusion punch (611) and the second extrusion punch (612) continuing to move downwards, increasing the extrusion pressure exerted on the molten material by the first extrusion punch (611) and second extrusion punch (612) to f1, and sustaining the pressure for a duration of t1; the second extrusion punch (612) continuing to move downwards, and increasing the extrusion pressure exerted by the second extrusion punch (611) on the molten material of the second portion, wherein the extrusion pressure exerted by the second extrusion punch (611) is increased to f2 and sustained for a duration of t2, where f2 > f1; and opening the mold to eject a workpiece. The method applies a two-stage direct extrusion along the same direction on the workpiece, and performs, according to a solidification sequence of a workpiece, a two-stage pressing action in separate stages while the workpiece solidifies. The invention improves pressure distribution, product quality, and yield.

Description

铸件的挤压铸造方法Squeeze casting method for castings 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及挤压铸造技术领域,特别涉及一种铸件的挤压铸造方法。The invention relates to the field of extrusion casting technology, in particular to a method for extrusion casting of a casting.
背景技术Background technique
挤压铸造是将一定量熔融金属液直接注入金属模膛,随后合模实现金属液充填流动,并在机械静压力作用下发生高压凝固和少量塑性变形,从而获得毛坯或零件的一种金属加工方法。铸件一般通过一次直接挤压成形,但在压制结构复杂的铸件时,这一压力并不能均匀地分布在挤压面上,无法保证整个铸件在有效挤压比压下凝固。特别是当铸件的不同部位在垂直方向上的厚度相差较大时:在直接挤压铸造过程中,厚度较小部位先于厚度较大部位凝固,从而导致挤压压力主要分布在厚度较小处,而需要在持续高压下凝固的厚大部位只能分配到较少压力,这种情况不利于厚度大的部位的成型和铸件整体性能的提高,特别随着铸件厚度差的增大,这一不利因素将更加明显。Squeeze casting is to directly inject a certain amount of molten metal into the metal mold, and then mold the metal liquid to fill the flow, and under the action of mechanical static pressure, high pressure solidification and a small amount of plastic deformation, thereby obtaining a metal processing of the blank or the part. method. The casting is generally formed by one direct extrusion, but when pressing a complicated casting, the pressure is not uniformly distributed on the pressing surface, and the entire casting cannot be solidified under effective pressing. In particular, when the thickness of the different parts of the casting differs greatly in the vertical direction: in the direct extrusion casting process, the smaller thickness portion is solidified before the thicker portion, so that the extrusion pressure is mainly distributed at a smaller thickness. However, the thick part that needs to be solidified under continuous high pressure can only be distributed to less pressure, which is not conducive to the formation of thick parts and the improvement of the overall performance of the casting, especially as the thickness difference of the casting increases. The disadvantages will be more obvious.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种铸件的挤压铸造方法,能够改善压力分布状态,有利于厚度大的部位的成型和铸件整体性能的提高。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for extrusion casting of a casting which can improve the pressure distribution state, and is advantageous for molding of a portion having a large thickness and improvement of the overall performance of the casting.
为实现本发明的目的,采取的技术方案是:In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the technical solution adopted is:
一种铸件的挤压铸造方法,针对厚薄不均的铸件可实现同方向二次直接挤压,该铸件包括第一部位和第二部位,第一部位的厚度比第二部位的厚度小,该方法包括以下步骤:A method for extrusion casting of a casting, which can realize secondary direct extrusion in the same direction for a casting having uneven thickness, the casting comprising a first portion and a second portion, the thickness of the first portion being smaller than the thickness of the second portion, The method includes the following steps:
(1)、预热模具,将熔体浇入模具型腔中;(1) preheating the mold and pouring the melt into the mold cavity;
(2)、上模向下移动至与下模进行合模,模具的第一挤压冲头对第一部位的熔体进行挤压,模具的第二挤压冲头对第二部位的熔体进行挤压;(2) The upper mold is moved downward to be clamped with the lower mold, the first extrusion punch of the mold presses the melt of the first portion, and the second extrusion punch of the mold melts the second portion. Extrusion
(3)、第一挤压冲头和第二挤压冲头继续向下移动,并使第一挤压冲头和第二挤压冲头对熔体的挤压力增压至f1并保压时间t1;(3) The first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch continue to move downward, and pressurize the pressing force of the first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch to the f1 and protect Pressing time t1;
(4)、第二挤压冲头继续向下移动,并使第二挤压冲头对第二部位的熔体继续增压,第二挤压冲头对熔体的挤压力增压至f2并保压时间t2,其中f2>f1; (4) The second extrusion punch continues to move downward, and the second extrusion punch continues to pressurize the melt of the second portion, and the second extrusion punch pressurizes the pressing force of the melt to F2 and hold time t2, where f2>f1;
(5)、开模,顶出铸件。(5), open the mold, and eject the casting.
该方法通过对铸件在竖直同方向的二次直接挤压,在铸件凝固过程中,根据铸件不同部位的凝固先后顺序,分阶段进行二次挤压,使挤压压力在合金凝固的过程中合理分布,改善压力分布状态,提高局部挤压比压和压力有效作用时间,有效地解决了厚度大的部位不及厚度小的部位的组织致密和晶粒粗大等问题,有利于厚度大的部位的成型和铸件整体性能的提高,提高产品质量和成品率。The method adopts secondary direct extrusion of the casting in the same direction in the vertical direction, and in the solidification process of the casting, according to the order of solidification of different parts of the casting, the secondary extrusion is carried out in stages, so that the pressing pressure is in the process of solidification of the alloy. Reasonable distribution, improve the pressure distribution state, improve the local extrusion specific pressure and pressure effective action time, effectively solve the problems of dense structure and large grain size in parts with large thickness and small thickness, which is beneficial to thick parts. Improve the overall performance of molding and castings, improve product quality and yield.
下面对技术方案进一步说明:The technical solution is further explained below:
进一步的是,在步骤(4)中,第一挤压冲头对第一部位的挤压力保持为f1。使第一挤压冲头继续对第一部件的熔体施压,防止因第二挤压冲头的加压而发生变形,保证产品质量。Further, in the step (4), the pressing force of the first pressing punch to the first portion is maintained at f1. The first extrusion punch is continuously pressed against the melt of the first member to prevent deformation due to pressurization of the second extrusion punch, thereby ensuring product quality.
进一步的是,在步骤(2)和步骤(3)中,通过主液压缸带动第一挤压冲头和第二挤压冲头对熔体进行挤压。Further, in the step (2) and the step (3), the first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch are driven by the main hydraulic cylinder to press the melt.
进一步的是,在步骤(4)中,通过副液压缸带动第二挤压冲头继续对第二部位的熔体进行加压。Further, in the step (4), the second extrusion punch is driven by the sub-cylinder to continue pressurizing the melt of the second portion.
进一步的是,在步骤(5)中,开模前,副液压缸先泄压,主液压缸再泄压。Further, in the step (5), before the mold is opened, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is first released, and the main hydraulic cylinder is released again.
进一步的是,在步骤(3)中,模具对第一部位和第二部位的熔体进行第一次挤压,第一挤压比压为50-150MPa。Further, in the step (3), the mold presses the melt of the first portion and the second portion for the first time, and the first extrusion specific pressure is 50-150 MPa.
进一步的是,在步骤(4)中,第二挤压冲头对第二部位的熔体进行第二次挤压,第二次挤压比压为60-150MPa。Further, in the step (4), the second extrusion punch presses the melt of the second portion a second time, and the second extrusion pressure is 60-150 MPa.
进一步的是,保压时间t1为30-80s,保压时间t2为30-70s。Further, the dwell time t1 is 30-80 s, and the dwell time t2 is 30-70 s.
进一步的是,在步骤(1)中,预热温度为150-250℃。Further, in the step (1), the preheating temperature is 150 to 250 °C.
进一步的是,该铸件为涡轮,第一部位为肋板,第二部位涡轮轮缘,第一挤压冲头为上模芯,第二挤压冲头为围绕上模芯布置的上模环。肋板位置的厚度要比涡轮轮缘位置的厚度要薄,第一次挤压时,上模环对涡轮轮缘位置进行挤压,上模芯的肋板位置进行挤压,当肋板凝固完成后,使上模环继续向下移动对涡轮轮缘位置继续加压,进行二次挤压,从而达到提高压力利用效率和增大涡轮外圈挤压比压的效果,使涡轮外圈厚大部位在足够大的挤压压力下凝固成型,进一步提高蜗轮的品质和使用寿命。Further, the casting is a turbine, the first part is a rib plate, the second part is a turbine rim, the first extrusion punch is an upper core, and the second extrusion punch is an upper die ring arranged around the upper core. . The thickness of the rib position is thinner than the thickness of the turbine rim position. When the first extrusion is performed, the upper die ring presses the position of the turbine rim, and the rib position of the upper core is pressed to solidify when the rib is solidified. After completion, the upper die ring continues to move downward to continue to pressurize the turbine rim position and perform secondary pressing, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the pressure utilization efficiency and increasing the compression ratio of the turbine outer ring, so that the outer diameter of the turbine is thick. The large part is solidified under a large enough pressing pressure to further improve the quality and service life of the worm wheel.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明通过对铸件在竖直同方向的二次直接挤压,在铸件凝固过程中,根据铸件不同部位的凝固先后顺序,分阶段进行二次挤压,使挤压压力在合金凝固的过程中合理分布,改善压力分布状态,提高局部挤压比压和压力有效作用时间,有效地解决了厚度大的部位不及厚度小的部位的组织致密和晶粒粗大等问题,有利于厚度大的部位的成型和铸件整体性能的提高,提高产品质量和成品率。The invention directly presses the castings in the same direction in the vertical direction, and in the solidification process of the castings, according to the order of solidification of different parts of the castings, the secondary extrusion is carried out in stages, so that the pressing pressure is in the process of solidification of the alloy. Reasonable distribution, improve the pressure distribution state, improve the local extrusion specific pressure and pressure effective action time, effectively solve the problems of dense structure and large grain size in parts with large thickness and small thickness, which is beneficial to thick parts. Improve the overall performance of molding and castings, improve product quality and yield.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1是本发明实施例铸件的挤压铸造方法的流程示意图;1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for extrusion casting of a casting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例立式挤压铸造机的结构示意图;2 is a schematic structural view of a vertical extrusion casting machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例模具的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a mold according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记说明:Description of the reference signs:
10.第一模板,20.动模板,30.第二模板,40.主驱动缸,50.副驱动缸,510.顶板,610.上模,611.第一挤压冲头,612.第二挤压冲头,613.上模架,620.下模,621.下模套,622.下模芯,623.型腔,70.导柱,80.驱动机构。10. First template, 20. Moving template, 30. Second template, 40. Main drive cylinder, 50. Sub-drive cylinder, 510. Top plate, 610. Upper die, 611. First squeeze punch, 612. Two extrusion punches, 613. upper mold base, 620. lower mold, 621. lower mold sleeve, 622. lower core, 623. cavity, 70. guide column, 80. drive mechanism.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明:The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
如图1所示,一种铸件的挤压铸造方法,针对厚薄不均的铸件可实现同方向二次直接挤压,该铸件包括第一部位和第二部位,第一部位的厚度比第二部位的厚度小,该方法包括以下步骤:As shown in FIG. 1 , a casting method for castings can achieve secondary direct extrusion in the same direction for a casting having uneven thickness, the casting including a first portion and a second portion, and the thickness of the first portion is second. The thickness of the portion is small, and the method includes the following steps:
(1)、预热模具,将熔体浇入模具型腔中;(1) preheating the mold and pouring the melt into the mold cavity;
(2)、上模向下移动至与下模进行合模,模具的第一挤压冲头对第一部位的熔体进行挤压,模具的第二挤压冲头对第二部位的熔体进行挤压;(2) The upper mold is moved downward to be clamped with the lower mold, the first extrusion punch of the mold presses the melt of the first portion, and the second extrusion punch of the mold melts the second portion. Extrusion
(3)、第一挤压冲头和第二挤压冲头继续向下移动,并使第一挤压冲头和第二挤压冲头对熔体的挤压力增压至f1并保压时间t1;(3) The first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch continue to move downward, and pressurize the pressing force of the first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch to the f1 and protect Pressing time t1;
(4)、第二挤压冲头继续向下移动,并使第二挤压冲头对第二部位的熔体继续增压,第二挤压冲头对熔体的挤压力增压至f2并保压时间t2,其中f2>f1;(4) The second extrusion punch continues to move downward, and the second extrusion punch continues to pressurize the melt of the second portion, and the second extrusion punch pressurizes the pressing force of the melt to F2 and hold time t2, where f2>f1;
(5)、开模,顶出铸件。 (5), open the mold, and eject the casting.
该方法通过对铸件在竖直同方向的二次直接挤压,在铸件凝固过程中,根据铸件不同部位的凝固先后顺序,分阶段进行二次挤压,使挤压压力在合金凝固的过程中合理分布,改善压力分布状态,提高局部挤压比压和压力有效作用时间,有效地解决了厚度大的部位不及厚度小的部位的组织致密和晶粒粗大等问题,有利于厚度大的部位的成型和铸件整体性能的提高,提高产品质量和成品率。The method adopts secondary direct extrusion of the casting in the same direction in the vertical direction, and in the solidification process of the casting, according to the order of solidification of different parts of the casting, the secondary extrusion is carried out in stages, so that the pressing pressure is in the process of solidification of the alloy. Reasonable distribution, improve the pressure distribution state, improve the local extrusion specific pressure and pressure effective action time, effectively solve the problems of dense structure and large grain size in parts with large thickness and small thickness, which is beneficial to thick parts. Improve the overall performance of molding and castings, improve product quality and yield.
在本实施例中,该铸件为涡轮,第一部位为肋板,第二部位涡轮轮缘,第一挤压冲头为上模芯,第二挤压冲头为围绕上模芯布置的上模环。肋板位置的厚度要比涡轮轮缘位置的厚度要薄,第一次挤压时,上模环对涡轮轮缘位置进行挤压,上模芯的肋板位置进行挤压,当肋板凝固完成后,使上模环继续向下移动对涡轮轮缘位置继续加压,进行二次挤压,从而达到提高压力利用效率和增大涡轮外圈挤压比压的效果,使涡轮外圈厚大部位在足够大的挤压压力下凝固成型,进一步提高蜗轮的品质和使用寿命。In this embodiment, the casting is a turbine, the first part is a rib, the second part is a turbine rim, the first extrusion punch is an upper core, and the second extrusion punch is arranged around the upper core. Mould ring. The thickness of the rib position is thinner than the thickness of the turbine rim position. When the first extrusion is performed, the upper die ring presses the position of the turbine rim, and the rib position of the upper core is pressed to solidify when the rib is solidified. After completion, the upper die ring continues to move downward to continue to pressurize the turbine rim position and perform secondary pressing, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the pressure utilization efficiency and increasing the compression ratio of the turbine outer ring, so that the outer diameter of the turbine is thick. The large part is solidified under a large enough pressing pressure to further improve the quality and service life of the worm wheel.
在步骤(1)中,模具型腔的预热温度为150-250℃。In the step (1), the mold cavity has a preheating temperature of 150 to 250 °C.
在步骤(2)中,通过主液压缸带动第一挤压冲头和第二挤压冲头对熔体进行挤压。In the step (2), the first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch are driven by the main hydraulic cylinder to press the melt.
在步骤(3)中,主液压缸增压到一定压力并保压30-80s,通过第一挤压冲头和第二挤压冲头对熔体进行第一次挤压,第一次挤压比压为50-150MPa。In the step (3), the main hydraulic cylinder is pressurized to a certain pressure and held for 30-80 s, and the first extrusion is performed by the first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch, and the first extrusion is performed. The specific pressure is 50-150 MPa.
在步骤(4)中,副液压缸增压到一定压力并保压30-70s,通过第二挤压冲头对第二部位的熔体进行第二次挤压,第二次挤压比压为60-150MPa;在这过程中,主液压缸继续在第一次挤压比压的压力保压至保压至第二挤压完成,使第一挤压冲头继续对第一部件的熔体施压,防止因第二挤压冲头的加压而发生变形,保证产品质量。In the step (4), the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is pressurized to a certain pressure and held for 30-70 s, and the second portion of the melt is subjected to the second extrusion by the second extrusion punch, and the second extrusion specific pressure is performed. 60-150 MPa; in this process, the main hydraulic cylinder continues to hold pressure at the first extrusion pressure to maintain the pressure to the second extrusion, so that the first extrusion punch continues to melt the first component The body is pressed to prevent deformation due to the pressurization of the second extrusion punch to ensure product quality.
在步骤(5)中,当铸件的熔体完全凝固后,副液压缸先泄压,主液压缸再泄压,然后通过升降液压缸驱动上模向上运动开模,副液压缸顶出铸件并回位。In the step (5), when the melt of the casting is completely solidified, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is first released, the main hydraulic cylinder is released again, and then the upper mold is driven to move upward by the lifting hydraulic cylinder, and the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is ejected from the casting and return.
在本实施例中,该铸件为涡轮,第一部位为肋板,第二部位涡轮轮缘,第一挤压冲头为上模芯,第二挤压冲头为围绕上模芯布置的上模环。肋板位置的厚度要比涡轮轮缘位置的厚度要薄,第一次挤压时,上模环对涡轮轮缘位置进行挤压,上模芯的肋板位置进行挤压,当肋板凝固完成后,使上模环继续向下移动对涡轮轮缘位置继续加压,进行二次挤压,从而达到提高压力利用效率和增大涡轮外圈挤压比压的效果,使涡轮外圈厚大部位在足够大的挤压压力下凝固成型,进一步提高蜗轮的品质和使用寿命。In this embodiment, the casting is a turbine, the first part is a rib, the second part is a turbine rim, the first extrusion punch is an upper core, and the second extrusion punch is arranged around the upper core. Mould ring. The thickness of the rib position is thinner than the thickness of the turbine rim position. When the first extrusion is performed, the upper die ring presses the position of the turbine rim, and the rib position of the upper core is pressed to solidify when the rib is solidified. After completion, the upper die ring continues to move downward to continue to pressurize the turbine rim position and perform secondary pressing, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the pressure utilization efficiency and increasing the compression ratio of the turbine outer ring, so that the outer diameter of the turbine is thick. The large part is solidified under a large enough pressing pressure to further improve the quality and service life of the worm wheel.
以铸造涡轮为例,该挤压铸造方法具体包括以下步骤: Taking a cast turbine as an example, the squeeze casting method specifically includes the following steps:
(1)、ZA27合金熔炼,打渣、除气,保温温度为630℃;(1), ZA27 alloy smelting, slag, degassing, holding temperature is 630 ° C;
(2)、预热模具型腔至200℃;(2) preheating the mold cavity to 200 ° C;
(3)、将30Kg合金熔体注入模具型腔;(3) injecting a 30Kg alloy melt into the mold cavity;
(4)、主液压缸驱动上模芯和上模环向下合模,下降速度为8mm/s;(4) The main hydraulic cylinder drives the upper core and the upper mold ring to be closed downward, and the descending speed is 8 mm/s;
(5)、合模后主液压缸增压并保压,对整个蜗轮进行第一次挤压,蜗轮在压力下凝固,挤压比压为65MPa;(5) After the mold is closed, the main hydraulic cylinder is pressurized and pressure-maintained, and the whole worm wheel is firstly pressed, and the worm wheel is solidified under pressure, and the extrusion specific pressure is 65 MPa;
(6)、主液压缸保压50s后,副液压缸增压驱动上模环向下挤压,蜗轮轮缘的挤压比压为90MPa,保压时间为60s;(6) After the main hydraulic cylinder is kept for 50s, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is pressed to drive the upper die ring downward, and the compression pressure of the worm wheel rim is 90MPa, and the dwell time is 60s;
(7)、副液压缸保压结束后卸压,然后主液缸卸压;(7) After the pressure relief of the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is completed, the pressure is released, and then the main liquid cylinder is relieved of pressure;
(8)、升降液压缸驱动上模向上运动开模;(8), the lifting hydraulic cylinder drives the upper mold to move upward to open the mold;
(9)、副液压缸顶出铸件并回位。(9) The auxiliary hydraulic cylinder pushes out the casting and returns to the position.
相对于锌合金蜗轮一般采用的金属型重力铸造方法,通过本发明方法生产的蜗轮毛坯具有组织致密、力学性能优良、加工余量小等优点,同时本发明方法自动化程度高、原材料利用率高,提高铸件品质的同时降低了生产成本,适用于大批量生产,具有积极的技术应用和推广价值。Compared with the metal gravity casting method generally used for the zinc alloy worm wheel, the worm wheel blank produced by the method of the invention has the advantages of compact structure, excellent mechanical properties, small machining allowance, and the like, and the method of the invention has high automation degree and high utilization rate of raw materials. Improve the quality of castings while reducing production costs, suitable for mass production, with positive technical application and promotion value.
如图2和图3所示,本发明还提供一种使用上述方法进行铸造的立式挤压铸造机,该立式挤压铸造机包括模具、由上往下依次相对布置的第一模板10、动模板20和第二模板30、及固定于第一模板10上的主驱动缸40和固定于动模板20上的副驱动缸50,模具包括上模610、与第二模板30连接的下模620,上模610包括与动模板20连接的第一挤压冲头611、及与副驱动缸50的活塞杆连接的第二挤压冲头612,主驱动缸40的活塞杆与动模板20连接。As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the present invention also provides a vertical extrusion casting machine for casting using the above method, the vertical extrusion casting machine comprising a mold, and a first template 10 disposed oppositely from top to bottom. a movable die plate 20 and a second die plate 30, and a main drive cylinder 40 fixed to the first die plate 10 and a secondary drive cylinder 50 fixed to the movable die plate 20, the die including an upper die 610 and a lower connection with the second die plate 30 The die 620 includes a first extrusion punch 611 coupled to the movable die plate 20, and a second extrusion punch 612 coupled to the piston rod of the secondary drive cylinder 50. The piston rod and the movable die plate of the main drive cylinder 40 20 connections.
模具的第一挤压冲头611对应铸件厚度较薄的位置,第二挤压冲头612对应铸件的厚度较厚的位置,在铸造时,将合金熔体浇入模具内,主驱动缸40通过活塞杆带动动模板20向下运动,同时带动上模610向下移动与下模620合模,上模610的第一挤压冲头611和第二挤压冲头612同时挤压铸件,合模后主驱动缸40增压并保压,使铸件整体在高压下凝固,实现对铸件的第一次挤压;主驱动缸40保压一定时间后,副驱动缸50通过活塞杆带动第二挤压冲头612向下挤压铸件厚度较厚的位置,副驱动缸50增压并保压,使铸件厚度较厚的凝固部位仍在高压下凝固,实现对铸件的第二次挤压。该立式挤压铸造机实 现竖直同方向二次大压力直接挤压铸造,以确保厚度不均铸件在有效挤压比压作用下实现顺序凝固,从而提高产品质量和成品率。同时,由于采用两个大压力挤压驱动缸采用串联联动的方式,使铸造机整体结构紧凑、体积小,制造成本低、便于安装和维护。同理,当铸件厚度差异较大部分有n个,该利是挤压铸造机则根据实际需要设置n个驱动缸,动模板20根据实际需要设置n-1个,根据铸件不同部位的凝固先后顺序,分阶段依次进行挤压。The first extrusion punch 611 of the mold corresponds to a position where the thickness of the casting is thin, and the second extrusion punch 612 corresponds to a thicker position of the casting. During casting, the alloy melt is poured into the mold, and the main driving cylinder 40 is driven. The moving plate 20 is moved downward by the piston rod, and the upper die 610 is moved downward to clamp with the lower die 620. The first pressing punch 611 of the upper die 610 and the second pressing punch 612 simultaneously press the casting. After the mold is closed, the main driving cylinder 40 is pressurized and held, so that the whole casting solidifies under high pressure to realize the first pressing of the casting; after the main driving cylinder 40 is held for a certain time, the auxiliary driving cylinder 50 is driven by the piston rod. The second pressing punch 612 presses down the thicker part of the casting, and the auxiliary driving cylinder 50 pressurizes and holds the pressure, so that the solidified part with thicker thickness of the casting is still solidified under high pressure, so as to achieve the second extrusion of the casting. . The vertical extrusion casting machine The two large pressures are directly squeezed and cast in the same direction in the vertical direction to ensure that the uneven thickness castings are sequentially solidified under the effective extrusion specific pressure, thereby improving product quality and yield. At the same time, because the two large pressure extrusion drive cylinders are connected in series, the overall structure of the casting machine is compact, small in size, low in manufacturing cost, and easy to install and maintain. Similarly, when there is a large difference in the thickness of the casting, there are n parts. The advantage is that the extrusion casting machine sets n driving cylinders according to actual needs, and the movable template 20 is set to n-1 according to actual needs, according to the solidification of different parts of the casting. In order, the extrusion is performed in stages.
在本实施例中,如图3所示,第一挤压冲头611为上模芯,第二挤压冲头612为围绕上模芯布置的上模环,上模610还包括上模架613,上模架613与动模板20连接,上模芯固定于上模架613上,下模620包括固定于第二模板30上的下模套621、及固定于下模套621上的下模芯622,下模芯622设有与上模芯和上模环配合的型腔623,使适应于中心厚度小,外圈厚度大的铸件的铸造,特别适用于涡轮的铸造,解决涡轮的外圈部位不及肋板部位的组织致密和晶粒粗大的问题。模具还可以根据铸件的形状设置为其他形式。In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the first extrusion punch 611 is an upper core, the second extrusion punch 612 is an upper mold ring disposed around the upper core, and the upper mold 610 further includes an upper mold base. 613, the upper mold frame 613 is connected to the movable die plate 20, and the upper mold core is fixed on the upper mold frame 613. The lower mold 620 includes a lower mold sleeve 621 fixed on the second template 30, and is fixed on the lower mold sleeve 621. The core 622 and the lower core 622 are provided with a cavity 623 matched with the upper core and the upper mold ring, so as to be suitable for casting of a casting having a small center thickness and a large outer ring thickness, which is particularly suitable for casting of a turbine and solving the turbine. The outer ring portion is less problematic than the dense structure of the rib portion and the coarse grain. The mold can also be set to other forms depending on the shape of the casting.
如图2所示,立式挤压铸造机还包括顶板510,顶板510与副驱动缸50的活塞杆连接,第二挤压冲头612与顶板510连接。副驱动缸50的活塞杆通过顶板510与第二挤压冲头612连接,便于安装和维护。As shown in FIG. 2, the vertical squeeze casting machine further includes a top plate 510 that is coupled to the piston rod of the sub-drive cylinder 50, and a second extrusion punch 612 that is coupled to the top plate 510. The piston rod of the secondary drive cylinder 50 is coupled to the second extrusion punch 612 by a top plate 510 for ease of installation and maintenance.
如图2所示,第一模板10和第二模板30之间连接有导柱70,动模板20设有与导柱70配合的导向孔(附图未标识)。导柱70对动模板20的移动起导向作用,使动模板20在上下移动过程中更稳定,避免发生偏移,也使合模精度更高。As shown in FIG. 2, a guide post 70 is connected between the first template 10 and the second template 30, and the movable die plate 20 is provided with a guide hole (not shown) that cooperates with the guide post 70. The guide post 70 guides the movement of the movable die plate 20, so that the movable die plate 20 is more stable during the up and down movement, avoiding the occurrence of offset, and also making the clamping precision higher.
在本实施例中,导柱70有两组,两组导柱前后布置,每组导柱包括有两根导柱70,使动模板20在上下移动过程中更平衡稳定。In the present embodiment, the guide post 70 has two groups, and the two sets of guide posts are arranged one behind the other, and each set of guide columns includes two guide posts 70, so that the movable template 20 is more balanced and stable during the up and down movement.
如图2所示,立式挤压铸造机还包括驱动动模板20上下移动的驱动机构80,驱动机构80设于第一模板10上。开模时,驱动机构80驱动动模板20向上运动开模,副驱动缸50带动顶板510顶出铸件,使开模更方便,且使立式挤压铸造机的整体结构更紧凑。As shown in FIG. 2, the vertical extrusion casting machine further includes a driving mechanism 80 for driving the movable die plate 20 to move up and down, and the driving mechanism 80 is disposed on the first template 10. When the mold is opened, the driving mechanism 80 drives the movable die plate 20 to move upward to open the mold, and the auxiliary driving cylinder 50 drives the top plate 510 to eject the casting, which makes the mold opening more convenient and makes the overall structure of the vertical extrusion casting machine more compact.
在本实施例中,驱动机构80为升降液压缸,升降液压缸的活塞杆与动模板20连接。主驱动缸40和副驱动缸50也为液压缸,主驱动缸40、副驱动缸50和驱动机构80还可以根据实际需要采用其他驱动形式。In the present embodiment, the drive mechanism 80 is a lift cylinder, and the piston rod of the lift cylinder is connected to the movable die plate 20. The main drive cylinder 40 and the sub drive cylinder 50 are also hydraulic cylinders, and the main drive cylinder 40, the sub drive cylinder 50, and the drive mechanism 80 may also be in other drive forms as needed.
主驱动缸40的最大挤压力大于副驱动缸50的最大挤压力,在本实施例中,主驱动缸40的最大挤压力为1000吨,副驱动缸50的最大挤压力为800吨。The maximum pressing force of the main driving cylinder 40 is greater than the maximum pressing force of the auxiliary driving cylinder 50. In the present embodiment, the maximum pressing force of the main driving cylinder 40 is 1000 tons, and the maximum pressing force of the auxiliary driving cylinder 50 is 800. Ton.
本发明通过该立式挤压铸造机实现对铸件在竖直同方向的二次挤压,在铸件凝固过程 中,根据铸件不同部位的凝固先后顺序,分阶段进行二次挤压,使挤压压力在合金凝固的过程中合理分布,提高了局部挤压比压和压力有效作用时间,有效地解决了厚度大的部位不及厚度小的部位的组织致密和晶粒粗大等问题,有利于厚度大的部位的成型和铸件整体性能的提高,提高产品质量和成品率;且该铸造机的驱动缸采用串联联动的方式,使整体体积小、结构更紧凑。The invention realizes the secondary extrusion of the casting in the same direction in the vertical direction by the vertical extrusion casting machine, in the solidification process of the casting According to the order of solidification of different parts of the casting, the secondary extrusion is carried out in stages, so that the extrusion pressure is reasonably distributed during the solidification process of the alloy, and the effective time of local extrusion specific pressure and pressure is effectively improved, and the thickness is effectively solved. The large part is not as good as the dense structure and coarse grain of the small thickness part, which is beneficial to the molding of the thick part and the improvement of the overall performance of the casting, improving the product quality and the yield; and the driving cylinder of the casting machine is connected in series. The way to make the overall volume small and more compact.
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. For the sake of brevity of description, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of these technical features, All should be considered as the scope of this manual.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。 The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that a number of variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种铸件的挤压铸造方法,针对厚薄不均的铸件可实现同方向二次直接挤压,该铸件包括第一部位和第二部位,所述第一部位的厚度比第二部位的厚度小,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:A method for extrusion casting of a casting, which can achieve secondary direct extrusion in the same direction for a casting having uneven thickness, the casting comprising a first portion and a second portion, the thickness of the first portion being smaller than the thickness of the second portion , characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
    (1)、预热模具,将熔体浇入模具型腔中;(1) preheating the mold and pouring the melt into the mold cavity;
    (2)、上模向下移动至与下模进行合模,模具的第一挤压冲头对第一部位的熔体进行挤压,模具的第二挤压冲头对第二部位的熔体进行挤压;(2) The upper mold is moved downward to be clamped with the lower mold, the first extrusion punch of the mold presses the melt of the first portion, and the second extrusion punch of the mold melts the second portion. Extrusion
    (3)、第一挤压冲头和第二挤压冲头继续向下移动,并使第一挤压冲头和第二挤压冲头对熔体的挤压力增压至f1并保压时间t1;(3) The first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch continue to move downward, and pressurize the pressing force of the first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch to the f1 and protect Pressing time t1;
    (4)、第二挤压冲头继续向下移动,并使第二挤压冲头对第二部位的熔体继续增压,第二挤压冲头对熔体的挤压力增压至f2并保压时间t2,其中f2>f1;(4) The second extrusion punch continues to move downward, and the second extrusion punch continues to pressurize the melt of the second portion, and the second extrusion punch pressurizes the pressing force of the melt to F2 and hold time t2, where f2>f1;
    (5)、开模,顶出铸件。(5), open the mold, and eject the casting.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的铸件的挤压铸造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中,第一挤压冲头对第一部位的挤压力保持为f1。The extrusion casting method for a casting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the pressing force of the first pressing punch to the first portion is maintained at f1.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的铸件的挤压铸造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)和步骤(3)中,通过主液压缸带动第一挤压冲头和第二挤压冲头对熔体进行挤压。The extrusion casting method for a casting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2) and the step (3), the first extrusion punch and the second extrusion punch are melted by the main hydraulic cylinder. The body is extruded.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的铸件的挤压铸造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中,通过副液压缸带动第二挤压冲头继续对第二部位的熔体进行加压。The method of extrusion casting of a casting according to claim 3, wherein in the step (4), the second extrusion punch is driven by the sub-cylinder to continue pressurizing the melt of the second portion.
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的铸件的挤压铸造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(5)中,开模前,副液压缸先泄压,主液压缸再泄压。The method of extrusion casting of a casting according to claim 4, wherein in the step (5), before the mold is opened, the auxiliary hydraulic cylinder is first released, and the main hydraulic cylinder is released again.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的铸件的挤压铸造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(3)中,模具对第一部位和第二部位的熔体进行第一次挤压,第一挤压比压为50-150MPa。The method of extrusion casting of a casting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the first extrusion of the melt of the first portion and the second portion is performed by the mold, and the first extrusion specific pressure It is 50-150 MPa.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的铸件的挤压铸造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(4)中,第二挤压冲头对第二部位的熔体进行第二次挤压,第二次挤压比压为60-150MPa。The extrusion casting method for a casting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the second extrusion punch performs a second extrusion on the melt of the second portion, and the second extrusion The specific pressure is 60-150 MPa.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的铸件的挤压铸造方法,其特征在于,保压时间t1为30-80s,保压时间t2为30-70s。The method of extrusion casting of a casting according to claim 1, wherein the dwell time t1 is 30-80 s and the dwell time t2 is 30-70 s.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的铸件的挤压铸造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,预热温度为150-250℃。 The extrusion casting method for a casting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the preheating temperature is 150 to 250 °C.
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的铸件的挤压铸造方法,其特征在于,该铸件为涡轮,第一部位为肋板,第二部位涡轮轮缘,第一挤压冲头为上模芯,第二挤压冲头为围绕所述上模芯布置的上模环。 The method for extrusion casting of a casting according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the casting is a turbine, the first portion is a rib, the second portion is a turbine rim, and the first extrusion punch is The core, the second extrusion punch is an upper die ring disposed around the upper core.
PCT/CN2016/108278 2016-09-23 2016-12-01 Extrusion casting method of workpiece WO2018053939A1 (en)

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