WO2018036280A1 - 使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法 - Google Patents

使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法 Download PDF

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WO2018036280A1
WO2018036280A1 PCT/CN2017/091667 CN2017091667W WO2018036280A1 WO 2018036280 A1 WO2018036280 A1 WO 2018036280A1 CN 2017091667 W CN2017091667 W CN 2017091667W WO 2018036280 A1 WO2018036280 A1 WO 2018036280A1
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lightning
time
data
mobile terminal
discharge
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French (fr)
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伍楷舜
刘巍峰
邹永攀
王璐
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0018—Transmission from mobile station to base station
    • G01S5/0036—Transmission from mobile station to base station of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/16—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/02—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72448—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for adapting the functionality of the device according to specific conditions
    • H04M1/72457—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for adapting the functionality of the device according to specific conditions according to geographic location
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/025—Services making use of location information using location based information parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/029—Location-based management or tracking services
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of lightning positioning, and more particularly to a method for detecting and co-locating lightning using a mobile terminal.
  • Lightning is a strong discharge between clouds and clouds, between clouds and ground, or between various parts of the cloud (generally in cumulonimbus).
  • the storm cloud (cumulonimbus) generates electric charge
  • the bottom layer is negative electricity
  • the top layer is positive electricity
  • Positive and negative charges attract each other, but air is not a good conductor.
  • Positive charges rush to the tops of trees, hills, tall buildings, and even the human body, in an attempt to meet the negatively charged clouds; the negatively charged branches extend downward and extend closer to the ground.
  • the positive and negative charges are finally connected to overcome the obstacle of the air.
  • the huge current flows from the ground to the clouds along a conducting airway, creating a bright flash of light.
  • the process of lightning seen by the naked eye is very complicated.
  • the middle and lower part of the cloud is a strong negative charge center, and the opposite underlying surface of the cloud becomes a positive charge center, forming a strong electric field between the cloud bottom and the ground.
  • the cloud bottom first appears as a gas column in which the atmosphere is strongly ionized, which is called a step pilot.
  • the ionized gas column extends step by step to the ground.
  • Each stage of the cascade is a dim light column with a diameter of about 5 meters, a length of 50 meters and a current of about 100 amps. It is extended at a high speed of about 150,000 meters per second.
  • a lightning process is usually formed by 3-4 flashes. A lightning process lasted about 0.25 seconds. In this short period of time, a huge narrow electric lightning channel would release huge electric energy, thus forming a strong explosion, generating a shock wave, and then forming sound waves to spread around.
  • lightning electromagnetic pulse is the electromagnetic radiation associated with lightning discharge.
  • Lightning electromagnetic radiation is very similar to nuclear explosion electromagnetic radiation.
  • the electromagnetic waves radiated from VLF (very low frequency) to UHF (very high frequency), very wide electromagnetic pulses, the generated electric and magnetic fields can be coupled into electrical or electronic systems. , thereby generating an intrusive surge current or surge voltage.
  • Electromagnetic pulses have a strong interference with precision electronic components and even burn out electronic components.
  • Lightning detection network such as: U.S. National Lighting Detecting Network, China National Lightning Monitoring and Positioning Network.
  • NLDN detects lightning by means of a number of sensor nodes located in different regions. It provides services to the US power system, weather forecasting systems and other government departments, as well as some commercial sectors, including real-time data and historical data. . However, NLDN needs to deploy dedicated sensor nodes, and the general public needs to pay for it.
  • One of the more popular ones is the use of battery-based pager-sized personal lightning detection equipment, which is used outdoors.
  • This device determines the distance of lightning from the user by detecting the intensity of the EMP (electromagnetic pulse), but it has the disadvantage that it is easy to misjudge the distance, and of course it cannot locate the location where the lightning occurs.
  • EMP electromagnettic pulse
  • the present invention provides a method for detecting and co-locating lightning using a mobile terminal, which solves the above problem of easily misjudged distance in the prior art.
  • the present invention is achieved by the following technical solution: a method for detecting and co-locating lightning using a mobile terminal, comprising the following steps:
  • S2 processing data collected by the magnetometer, and dividing the data into a plurality of frame data having a set time length in time sequence;
  • the processing unit of the smart device calculates a distance between the lightning discharge position and the mobile terminal by using a lightning formation time and a thunder receiving time, and simultaneously numbers the lightning terminal, the distance from the discharge position, the lightning formation time, and The mobile terminal location information is uploaded to the server through the wireless network;
  • the server uses the above information uploaded by the multiple mobile terminals to locate the location of the lightning discharge at a certain moment according to the geometric principle, and generates a lightning discharge heat map to return to the plurality of mobile terminals.
  • step S2 comprises:
  • each segment of the magnetic induction signal is a data frame. For each data frame Give its start time as its time stamp;
  • S22 Perform noise reduction processing on each of the data frames, and filter the signal using a filter to remove noise.
  • the step S3 includes:
  • S31B performing Fourier transform on the data signal in the data frame by using a short-time Fourier transform function, and analyzing the frequency domain of the signal to obtain a frequency domain characteristic thereof, where the frequency domain features include: Spectral centroid, spectral entropy, bandwidth, spectral flux, and spectral roll-off;
  • step S32 by comparing the obtained feature parameter set with the previously stored plurality of feature parameter sets one by one, a plurality of the same types in the two feature parameter sets being compared When the difference between the characteristic parameters is less than the set threshold, it is determined that the lightning discharge exists, and the time stamp corresponding to the currently obtained feature parameter set is taken as the discharge time.
  • the server determines, according to the information uploaded by the different mobile terminals, the data uploaded by the mobile terminal detecting the lightning in the discharge location area of the lightning discharge according to the discharge time, and combines the data in the area
  • the distance information uploaded by the mobile terminal locates the location of the lightning discharge by geometric principle, generates a lightning discharge heat map according to different lightning information located at different moments, and transmits it to the client of the smart device.
  • the client of the smart device receives the information returned by the server through the network, and gives the user a security prompt according to the information, and provides the client to view the lightning information in the vicinity.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the lightning distance can be accurately obtained by the method of the invention, and the utility model has the advantages of high cost performance and wide application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a scenario application of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the steps of the present invention.
  • a method for detecting and co-locating lightning using a mobile terminal the steps of which include:
  • the processing unit of the smart device calculates the distance of the lightning discharge position from the mobile terminal, and simultaneously uploads the lightning ID, the distance, the time stamp, and the location information of the mobile terminal to the server through the wireless network;
  • the server locates the location of the lightning discharge at a certain moment, and generates a lightning discharge heat map to return to the smart device client;
  • the smart device client receives the information returned by the server.
  • the step S2 includes:
  • step S21 the magnetometer signals collected in step S1 are framed, and each window data is processed;
  • the step S3 includes:
  • step S31A performing time domain analysis on the signal data obtained in step S2;
  • step S31B performing a Fourier transform on the data signal obtained in step S2 using a short-time Fourier transform function to analyze the frequency domain of the signal;
  • the server determines, according to the information uploaded by the mobile terminal, the data uploaded by the mobile terminal that detects the lightning in the discharge location area during the lightning discharge according to the timestamp, and combines the distance information uploaded by the mobile terminal in the area.
  • the geometric principle locates the location of the lightning discharge, generates a lightning discharge heat map according to different lightning information located at different times, and transmits it back to the client of the smart device.
  • the client of the smart device receives the information returned by the server through the network, and gives the user a security prompt according to the information, and provides the client to view the lightning information in the vicinity.
  • the method uses a combination of sensors and microphones built into the phone to detect and measure lightning and to locate lightning in conjunction with multiple handsets in the area.
  • a method for detecting and co-locating lightning using a mobile terminal includes the following steps:
  • the processing unit of the smart device calculates the distance of the lightning discharge position from the mobile phone according to the time difference between the arrival of the LEMP and the thunder, and uploads the lightning ID, distance, time stamp, mobile phone location and the like to the server through the wireless network;
  • the server uses the geometric positioning method to locate the position of the lightning discharge at a certain moment according to the information uploaded by the mobile phone at different positions in the same area, and generates a lightning discharge heat map to return the smart device according to the lightning discharge times of different lightning positions.
  • the client receives the information returned by the server, and gives the user an active security prompt, and the user can also view the lightning history discharge information in the vicinity through the client.
  • the EMP interference of this mode is detected to determine the time of lightning discharge, while the lightning discharge, in the lightning channel, the current Extremely strong, the temperature can rise to 20,000 degrees Celsius, the air pressure suddenly increases, causing the air to expand rapidly, forming a shock, producing thunder, and the speed of thunder and electromagnetic waves is different, so the electromagnetic pulse and thunder arrive at different times.
  • the TOA is used to calculate the distance from the mobile phone when the lightning is discharged. When the mobile phone in the area detects the lightning signal, the distance of the lightning and its position information and time stamp are uploaded to the server through the network through the network, and the server passes through different locations.
  • the data uploaded by the mobile phone is used to locate the lightning, and generate a heat map of the lightning discharge distribution, and then return the information to the mobile terminal display, and the user can judge the lightning information by the neighbor information, and keep away from the dangerous area in time to protect personal safety.
  • the lightning data is collected at a certain frequency by using a magnetometer disposed on the mobile terminal; the data collected by the magnetometer is processed, and is divided into a plurality of devices according to chronological order. a frame data of a predetermined length of time; performing time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis on the divided frame data to obtain a plurality of characteristic parameters of the data; and determining whether the magnetic induction data formed by the lightning is obtained by using the obtained characteristic parameter, and if so, Determining a lightning formation time and turning on a microphone to receive a thunder signal; the processing unit of the smart device calculates a distance between the lightning discharge position and the mobile terminal by a lightning formation time and a thunder reception time, and simultaneously numbers the mobile terminal with the lightning The distance of the above discharge position, the lightning formation time and the position information of the mobile terminal are uploaded to the server through the wireless network; the server transmits the above information of the plurality of mobile terminals, and locates the position of the lightning discharge at a certain moment according to the geometric principle to generate a lightning
  • the graph returns to the plurality of mobile terminals.
  • a plurality of mobile terminals ie, smart devices loaded in the lightning generating area to perform the above functions, and firstly detect whether a magnetic induction signal caused by lightning occurs, and if so, Determine the lightning time and start the microphone to detect the audio signal of the thunder. If detected, you can know the time difference between the lightning and thunder signals reaching the location of the mobile terminal. This basically can obtain the distance from the location where the lightning occurs to the location of the mobile terminal; when such a mobile terminal detects the distance, the server can determine the specific location of the lightning occurrence by the data uploaded by the mobile terminal, and then can use the same. Users of these softwares send out warning signals.
  • the processing of the magnetic induction signal includes: dividing the magnetic induction signal output by the magnetometer, and dividing it into a plurality of segments according to a set time interval, each segment being adjacent on the time axis And each segment has the same length of time; a magnetic induction signal is a data frame, and each data frame is given its start time as its time stamp; each of the data frames is subjected to noise reduction processing, and the filter is used to filter the signal. To remove noise.
  • One of the purposes of segmentation is to more accurately determine when lightning strikes.
  • determining whether the lightning occurs includes performing time domain analysis on the signal data in each data frame to obtain a time domain characteristic thereof, the time domain characteristic including a signal amplitude, a signal energy, and a signal statistic; and the data frame
  • the data signal is Fourier transformed using a short-time Fourier transform function, and the frequency domain of the signal is analyzed to obtain frequency domain characteristics, the frequency domain features include: spectral centroid, spectral entropy, Bandwidth, spectral flux and spectral roll-off; combining the above time domain features and frequency domain features of a data frame to obtain a parameter set of the data frame, and using the parameter set to determine whether there is a discharge and discharge time in the data frame, and if so,
  • the microphone is triggered to collect data; the time-frequency analysis of the sound signal collected by the microphone is performed to detect the arrival time of the thunder. It is worth mentioning that the analysis processing of the above time domain and frequency domain is parallel.
  • the obtained feature parameter set is compared with the previously stored plurality of feature parameter sets one by one, and the plurality of the same type of features in the compared two feature parameter sets are compared.
  • the difference between the parameters is less than the set threshold, it is determined that the lightning discharge exists, and the time stamp corresponding to the currently obtained feature parameter set is taken as the discharge time.
  • the server determines the specific location of the lightning occurrence
  • the server according to the information uploaded by different mobile terminals, according to the The discharge time determines the data uploaded by the mobile terminal detecting lightning in the discharge position area of a lightning discharge, and combines the distance information uploaded by the mobile terminal in the area to locate the position of the lightning discharge by geometric principle, according to different positions at different times.
  • Lightning information generate a lightning discharge heat map, and pass it back to the client of the smart device.
  • the client of the smart device receives the information returned by the server through the network, and gives the user a security prompt according to the information, and provides the client to view the lightning information nearby.
  • smart phones ie smart devices or mobile terminals
  • sensors such as gyroscopes, accelerometers, magnetometers, microphones, light sensors and distance sensors. Based on these sensors, the above method can be easily implemented by the cooperation of a plurality of mobile terminals.

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Abstract

一种使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，涉及雷电定位领域，包括如下步骤：S1、通过使用智能设备的磁力计以一定的频率采集雷电数据（S1）；S2、对磁力计采集到的数据进行处理（S21，S22）；S3、对划分后的帧数据进行时域分析（S31A）和频域分析（S31B）。通过使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，能够精准获得闪电距离，且性价比高，应用广泛。

Description

使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种雷电定位领域，尤其涉及一种使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法。
背景技术
闪电是云与云之间、云与地之间或者云体内各部位之间的强烈放电现象(一般发生在积雨云中)。通常是暴风云(积雨云)产生电荷，底层为阴电，顶层为阳电，而且还在地面产生阳电荷，如影随形地跟着云移动。正电荷和负电荷彼此相吸，但空气却不是良好的传导体。正电荷奔向树木、山丘、高大建筑物的顶端甚至人体之上，企图和带有负电的云层相遇；负电荷枝状的触角则向下伸展，越向下伸越接近地面。最后正负电荷终于克服空气的阻障而连接上。巨大的电流沿着一条传导气道从地面直向云涌去，产生出一道明亮夺目的闪光。
肉眼看到的一次闪电，其过程是很复杂的。当雷雨云移到某处时，云的中下部是强大负电荷中心，云底相对的下垫面变成正电荷中心，在云底与地面间形成强大电场。在电荷越积越多，电场越来越强的情况下，云底首先出现大气被强烈电离的一段气柱，称梯级先导。这种电离气柱逐级向地面延伸，每级梯级先导是直径约5米、长50米、电流约100安培的暗淡光柱，它以平均约150000米/秒的高速度一级一级地伸向地面，在离地面5—50米左右时，地面便突然向上回击，回击的通道是从地面到云底，沿着上述梯级先导开辟出的电离通道。回击以5万公里/秒的更高速度从地面驰向云底，发出光亮无比的光柱，历时40微秒，通过电流超过1万安培，这即第一次闪击。相隔百分之几秒之后，从云中一根暗淡光柱，携带巨大电流，沿第一次闪击的路径飞驰向地面，称直窜先导，当它离地面5— 50米左右时，地面再向上回击，再形成光亮无比光柱，这即第二次闪击。接着又类似第二次那样产生第三、四次闪击。通常由3—4次闪击构成一次闪电过程。一次闪电过程历时约0.25秒，在此短时间内，窄狭的闪电通道上要释放巨大的电能，因而形成强烈的爆炸，产生冲击波，然后形成声波向四周传开，这就是雷声或说“打雷”，同时在放电的瞬间会产生EMP(电磁脉冲)，雷电电磁脉冲就是与雷电放电相联系的电磁辐射。闪电电磁辐射与核爆炸电磁辐射非常相似，所辐射出的电磁波从VLF(甚低频)到UHF(甚高频)，很宽频的电磁脉冲，所产生的电场和磁场能够耦合到电器或电子系统中，从而产生干扰性的浪涌电流或浪涌电压。电磁脉冲对精密的电子元器件有很强的干扰，甚至烧坏电子元器件。
闪电的危害
由于闪电蕴含的能量巨大，闪电击中后强大的雷电流流过生物体,这个过程中产生的热效应和生物效应是造成伤害的主要原因,由于人体有一定的电阻,强大的电流流经人体时在瞬间会产生大量的热,使得人体皮肤以及内部器官碳化,就是“烧焦”了,而生物效应则是电流流过心脏时会使心肌纤维颤动,导致心脏跳动的停止。每年都有人被电击身亡，雷电对人类的生产活动造成很大的影响。
现有的闪电检测技术
1.闪电检测网络如：美国的闪电检测网络(U.S.National Lighting Detecting Network)，中国国家闪电监测定位网。
NLDN通过布置在不同地区的很多个传感器节点，来对闪电进行检测，它为美国的电力系统部门，天气预报系统和其他的一些政府部门，以及一些商业部门提供服务，包括实时的数据和历史数据。但是NLDN需要布置专用的传感器节点，而且普通民众使用需要付费。
2.商业个人便携闪电检测设备
比较流行的一种是使用电池的寻呼机大小的个人雷电专用检测设备，这种设备在一些户外 工作的人中比较受欢迎，比如高尔夫球运动者，露营者，体育运动者以及一些其他的户外运动者。这种设备通过检测EMP(电磁脉冲)的强度来判断闪电相对使用者的距离，但是它有缺点就是容易误判距离，当然它也不能定位闪电发生的位置。还有一些其他的专业雷电检测设备，性能较好，但是价格昂贵。
发明内容
为了克服上述所指的现有技术中的不足之处，本发明提供一种使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，解决了上述的现有技术中容易误判距离的问题。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、通过使用设置在移动终端上的磁力计以一定的频率采集闪电数据；
S2、对磁力计采集到的数据进行处理，并将其按照时间顺序划分为多个具有设定时间长度的帧数据；
S3、对划分后的帧数据分别进行时域分析和频域分析，得到该数据的多个特征参量；并通过所述得到的特征参量判断是否闪电形成的磁感应数据，如是，确定闪电形成时间并打开麦克风接收雷声信号；
S4、智能设备的处理单元通过闪电形成时间和雷声接收时间计算闪电放电位置与所述移动终端的距离，同时将该移动终端对该闪电的编号、与上述放电位置的距离、闪电形成时间以及移动终端位置信息通过无线网络上传到服务端；
S5、服务端通过多个移动终端上传的上述信息，按照几何原理定位某一时刻闪电放电的位置，生成闪电放电热图返回所述多个移动终端。
作为本发明的进一步改进：所述步骤S2包括：
S21、对所述磁力计输出的磁感应信号进行划分，将其按照设定的时间间隔分为多段，每段在时间轴上相邻且每段的时间长度相同；一段磁感应信号为一个数据帧，对每个数据帧 赋予其起始时间作为其时间标记；
S22、对每个所述数据帧进行降噪处理，使用滤波器对信号滤波处理，去除噪声。
作为本发明的进一步改进：所述步骤S3包括：
S31A、对每个数据帧中的信号数据进行时域分析，得到其时域特征，所述时域特征包括信号幅度、信号能量和信号统计量；
S31B、对所述数据帧中的信号数据，使用短时傅里叶变换函数对数据信号进行傅里叶变换，对信号的频域进行分析，得到其频域特征，所述频域特征包括：频谱矩心、谱熵、带宽、谱通量和谱滚降；
S32、组合一个数据帧的上述时域特征和频域特征，得到该数据帧的参数集，使用该参数集确定该数据帧中是否存在放电及放电时间，如是，触发麦克风采集数据；
S33、通过对麦克风采集到的声音信号进行时频分析，检测雷声到达的时间。
作为本发明的进一步改进：在步骤S32中，通过将取得的所述特征参数集与事先存储的已有的多个特征参数集逐个进行对比，在比较的两个特征参数集中的多个相同类型的特征参数之间的差别小于设定阈值时，判断闪电放电存在，并将该当前取得的特征参数集对应的时间标记作为放电时间。
作为本发明的进一步改进：所述步骤S5中，服务器根据不同移动终端上传的信息，根据其放电时间确定某一闪电放电时放电位置区域内检测到闪电的移动终端上传的数据，并结合区域内的移动终端上传的距离信息通过几何原理定位出闪电放电的位置，根据不同时刻定位到的不同闪电信息，生成闪电放电热图，并回传到智能设备的客户端。
作为本发明的进一步改进：智能设备的客户端通过网络接收服务器返回的信息，并根据信息给予用户安全提示，同时提供客户端查看附近的闪电信息。
本发明的有益效果：通过本发明中的方法，能够精准获得闪电距离，且性价比高，应用广泛。
附图说明
图1为本发明场景应用示意图；
图2为本发明步骤示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
一种使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，其步骤包括：
S1、通过使用智能设备的磁力计以一定的频率采集雷电数据；
S2、对磁力计采集到的数据进行处理；
S3、对划分后的帧数据进行时域分析和频域分析；
S4、智能设备的处理单元计算闪电放电位置距离移动终端的距离，同时将闪电ID、距离、时间戳以及移动终端位置信息通过无线网络上传到服务端；
S5、服务端定位某一时刻闪电放电的位置，生成闪电放电热图返回智能设备客户端；
S6、智能设备客户端接收服务端返回的信息。
所述步骤S2包括：
S21、首先对步骤S1采集的磁力计信号进行分帧，并对每个窗口数据进行处理；
S22、对采集到的磁力计信号进行降噪处理，并使用滤波器对信号滤波处理，去除噪声。
所述步骤S3包括：
S31A、对步骤S2中所得到的信号数据进行时域分析；
S31B、对步骤S2中所得到的数据信号，使用短时傅里叶变换函数对数据信号进行傅里叶变换，对信号的频域进行分析；
S32、对步骤S31A和S31B中经过分析所得到的时域信息和频域信息的分析，提取出特征，确定放电时间，同时触发麦克风采集数据；
S33、通过对麦克风采集到的声音信号进行时频分析，检测雷声到达的时间。
所述步骤S5中，服务器根据不同移动终端上传的信息，根据时间戳确定某一闪电放电时放电位置区域内检测到闪电的移动终端上传的数据，并结合区域内的移动终端上传的距离信息通过几何原理定位出闪电放电的位置，根据不同时刻定位到的不同闪电信息，生成闪电放电热图，并回传到智能设备的客户端。
所述步骤S6中，智能设备的客户端通过网络接收服务器返回的信息，并根据信息给予用户安全提示，同时提供客户端查看附近的闪电信息。
该方法通过使用手机内置的传感器和麦克风组合使用，来对闪电进行检测和测距，并结合区域内的多个手机对闪电进行定位。
在一具体实施例中，如图1，一种使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、通过使用智能设备的磁力计以一定的频率采集数据；
S2、对磁力计采集到的数据进行处理。首先对采集到的信号进行分帧，然后对信号进行降噪，并通过使用滤波器对信号进行滤波处理；
S3、对划分后的帧数据进行时域分析，并使用短时傅里叶变换对时间序列的帧数据进行时频域变换进行分析，由于闪电放电瞬间产生能量极高的电磁脉冲(lightning electromagnetic pulse)，由于短时内能量极强的电磁脉冲具有很高的能量，智能设备的精密传感器(磁力计)会受到这种短时高能电磁脉冲的影响，导致采集到的磁力计数据产生异常，而且这种干扰具有一定的模式，通过结合对信号时域和频域的分析，检测这种干扰，确定闪电放电时间，由于电磁脉冲的传播速度等同于光速，速度极快，一定区域内误差可忽略不计，检测到放电时，触发扬声器采集声音数据，由于雷声的时频特性，也具有一定的模式，通过算法检测雷声到达的时间；
S4、智能设备的处理单元根据LEMP和雷声到达的时间差，计算闪电放电位置距离手机的距离，并将闪电ID，距离，时间戳,手机位置等相关信息通过无线网络上传到服务器；
S5、服务器根据同一区域的不同位置的手机上传回的信息，使用几何定位的方法，定位某一时刻闪电放电的位置，根据不同闪电的位置不同位置闪电的放电次数生成闪电放电热图返回智能设备客户端；
S6、客户端接收服务端返回的信息，给予用户主动安全提示，用户也可通过客户端查看附近的闪电历史放电信息。
由于闪电产生的电磁脉冲会对精密的sensor产生瞬时很强的电磁干扰，导致数据异常，通过检测这种模式的EMP干扰，来确定闪电放电的时间，同时闪电放电时，在闪电通道中，电流极强，温度可骤升至2万摄氏度，气压突增，导致空气剧烈膨胀，形成震荡，产生雷声，而雷声和电磁波传播的速度不同，从而电磁脉冲和雷声到达的时间不同，通过使用TOA来计算闪电发生放电时距离手机的距离，区域内的手机检测到雷电信号时，通过网络将雷电的距离和自身的位置信息以及时间戳等信息通过网络上传到服务器，服务器通过不同位置的手机上传的数据来对闪电进行定位，并生成闪电放电分布热图，然后将信息返回手机终端显示，用户可邻居这些信息判断闪电信息，及时远离危险区域，保护人身安全。
总体上来看，在本实施例中，通过使用设置在移动终端上的磁力计以一定的频率采集闪电数据；对磁力计采集到的数据进行处理，并将其按照时间顺序划分为多个具有设定时间长度的帧数据；对划分后的帧数据分别进行时域分析和频域分析，得到该数据的多个特征参量；并通过所述得到的特征参量判断是否闪电形成的磁感应数据，如是，确定闪电形成时间并打开麦克风接收雷声信号；智能设备的处理单元通过闪电形成时间和雷声接收时间计算闪电放电位置与所述移动终端的距离，同时将该移动终端对该闪电的编号、与上述放电位置的距离、闪电形成时间以及移动终端位置信息通过无线网络上传到服务端；服务端通过多个移动终端上传的上述信息，按照几何原理定位某一时刻闪电放电的位置，生成闪电放电热图返回所述多个移动终端。基本上来讲，是利用雷电发生区域中的多个装载有实现上述功能的移动终端(即智能设备)，首先检测是否出现闪电导致的磁感应信号，如是， 确定闪电发生时间并启动麦克风，检测雷声的音频信号，如检测到，即可得知对于该移动终端所在位置而言，闪电和雷声信号达到之间的时间差距。这就基本上能够得到闪电发生地点到该移动终端所在地点的距离；多个这样的移动终端检测出这个距离，服务器就能够这些移动终端上传的数据，确定闪电发生的具体位置，进而能够对使用这些软件的用户发出预警信号。
更具体来讲，在上述实施例中，对磁感应信号的处理包括：对所述磁力计输出的磁感应信号进行划分，将其按照设定的时间间隔分为多段，每段在时间轴上相邻且每段的时间长度相同；一段磁感应信号为一个数据帧，对每个数据帧赋予其起始时间作为其时间标记；对每个所述数据帧进行降噪处理，使用滤波器对信号滤波处理，去除噪声。分段的目的之一是为了更为精准地确定闪电发生时间。
而对于闪电是否发生的判断包括：对每个数据帧中的信号数据进行时域分析，得到其时域特征，所述时域特征包括信号幅度、信号能量和信号统计量；对所述数据帧中的信号数据，使用短时傅里叶变换函数对数据信号进行傅里叶变换，对信号的频域进行分析，得到其频域特征，所述频域特征包括：频谱矩心、谱熵、带宽、谱通量和谱滚降；组合一个数据帧的上述时域特征和频域特征，得到该数据帧的参数集，使用该参数集确定该数据帧中是否存在放电及放电时间，如是，触发麦克风采集数据；通过对麦克风采集到的声音信号进行时频分析，检测雷声到达的时间。值得一提的是，上述时域和频域的分析处理是并行的。
在使用上述参数集进行判断时，是通过将取得的所述特征参数集与事先存储的已有的多个特征参数集逐个进行对比，在比较的两个特征参数集中的多个相同类型的特征参数之间的差别小于设定阈值时，判断闪电放电存在，并将该当前取得的特征参数集对应的时间标记作为放电时间。
在服务器判断闪电发生的具体位置时，服务器根据不同移动终端上传的信息，根据其 放电时间确定某一闪电放电时放电位置区域内检测到闪电的移动终端上传的数据，并结合区域内的移动终端上传的距离信息通过几何原理定位出闪电放电的位置，根据不同时刻定位到的不同闪电信息，生成闪电放电热图，并回传到智能设备的客户端。智能设备的客户端通过网络接收服务器返回的信息，并根据信息给予用户安全提示，同时提供客户端查看附近的闪电信息。
由于智能手机(即智能设备或移动终端)内部内置了丰富的传感器，如陀螺仪，加速度计，磁力计，麦克风，光线传感器以及距离传感器。基于这些传感器，通过多个移动终端的配合，可以很容易的实现上述方法。
以上内容是结合具体实现方式对本发明做的进一步阐述，不应认定本发明的具体实现只局限于以上说明。对于本技术领域的技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，均应视为有本发明所提交的权利要求确定的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    S1、通过使用设置在移动终端上的磁力计以一定的频率采集闪电数据；
    S2、对磁力计采集到的数据进行处理，并将其按照时间顺序划分为多个具有设定时间长度的帧数据；
    S3、对划分后的帧数据分别进行时域分析和频域分析，得到该数据的多个特征参量；并通过所述得到的特征参量判断是否闪电形成的磁感应数据，如是，确定闪电形成时间并打开麦克风接收雷声信号；
    S4、智能设备的处理单元通过闪电形成时间和雷声接收时间计算闪电放电位置与所述移动终端的距离，同时将该移动终端对该闪电的编号、与上述放电位置的距离、闪电形成时间以及移动终端位置信息通过无线网络上传到服务端；
    S5、服务端通过多个移动终端上传的上述信息，按照几何原理定位某一时刻闪电放电的位置，生成闪电放电热图返回所述多个移动终端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2包括：
    S21、对所述磁力计输出的磁感应信号进行划分，将其按照设定的时间间隔分为多段，每段在时间轴上相邻且每段的时间长度相同；一段磁感应信号为一个数据帧，对每个数据帧赋予其起始时间作为其时间标记；
    S22、对每个所述数据帧进行降噪处理，使用滤波器对信号滤波处理，去除噪声。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3包括：
    S31A、对每个数据帧中的信号数据进行时域分析，得到其时域特征，所述时域特征包括信 号幅度、信号能量和信号统计量；
    S31B、对所述数据帧中的信号数据，使用短时傅里叶变换函数对数据信号进行傅里叶变换，对信号的频域进行分析，得到其频域特征，所述频域特征包括：频谱矩心、谱熵、带宽、谱通量和谱滚降；
    S32、组合一个数据帧的上述时域特征和频域特征，得到该数据帧的参数集，使用该参数集确定该数据帧中是否存在放电及放电时间，如是，触发麦克风采集数据；
    S33、通过对麦克风采集到的声音信号进行时频分析，检测雷声到达的时间。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，其特征在于，在步骤S32中，通过将取得的所述特征参数集与事先存储的已有的多个特征参数集逐个进行对比，在比较的两个特征参数集中的多个相同类型的特征参数之间的差别小于设定阈值时，判断闪电放电存在，并将该当前取得的特征参数集对应的时间标记作为放电时间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S5中，服务器根据不同移动终端上传的信息，根据其放电时间确定某一闪电放电时放电位置区域内检测到闪电的移动终端上传的数据，并结合区域内的移动终端上传的距离信息通过几何原理定位出闪电放电的位置，根据不同时刻定位到的不同闪电信息，生成闪电放电热图，并回传到智能设备的客户端。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的使用移动终端检测和协同定位闪电的方法，其特征在于，智能设备的客户端通过网络接收服务器返回的信息，并根据信息给予用户安全提示，同时提供客户端查看附近的闪电信息。
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