WO2018031013A1

WO2018031013A1 - Multiple access techniques for block-wise single carrier waveform

Info

Publication number: WO2018031013A1
Application number: PCT/US2016/046430
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hosein Nikopour; Jing Zhu; Roya Doostnejad; Nageen Himayat; Wook Bong Lee
Original assignee: Intel Corp
Current assignee: Intel Corp
Priority date: 2016-08-10
Filing date: 2016-08-10
Publication date: 2018-02-15
Anticipated expiration: 2019-02-10

Abstract

Technology for a Block-Wise Single Carrier (BWSC) waveform modulation is disclosed. The BWSC modulation techniques include BWSC Interleaved Frequency-Division Multiple Access (IFDMA) modulation for downlink signals, BWSC frequency-division merge modulation for uplink signals and/or BWSC time-division merge modulation for downlink signals.

Description

MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES FOR BLOCK- WISE SINGLE CARRIER

WAVEFORM

BACKGROUND

[0001] Various modulation schemes are being employed in a number of wireless communication systems. For instance, multi-carrier waveform modulation, such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM), encodes digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. Single carrier (SC) waveform modulation in general, and Block-Wise Single Carrier (BWSC) in particular, has advantages over multicarrier waveform modulation schemes in terms of Peak-to- Average Power Ration (PAPR). However, BWSC spreads a time-domain data symbol across the entire system bandwidth, making the frequency domain multiplexing of users, data streams, or control and reference signal not feasible. Accordingly, there is a continuing need for improved modulation schemes for wireless communication systems, particularly for communication using relatively high frequency carrier waves, such as centimeter wave (cm wave) and millimeter wave (mm wave) wireless communication.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] Features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the detailed description which follows, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which together illustrate, by way of example, features of the disclosure; and, wherein:

[0003] FIG. 1 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with an example;

[0004] FIG. 2 illustrates BWSC IFDMA functionality of a BS to facilitate wireless communication, in accordance with an example;

[0005] FIG. 3A illustrates BWSC IFDMA functionality of a BS to facilitate wireless communication, in accordance with an example;

[0006] FIG. 3B illustrates BWSC IFDMA functionality of a BS to facilitate wireless communication, in accordance with an example; [0007] FIG. 4 illustrates BWSC frequency-division merge functionality of a UE to facilitate wireless communication, in accordance with another example;

[0008] FIG. 5 illustrates BWSC frequency-division merge functionality of a UE to facilitate wireless communication, in accordance with an example;

[0009] FIG. 6 illustrates exemplary sub-bands of a system bandwidth;

[0010] FIG. 7 illustrates BWSC time-division merge functionality of a BS to facilitate wireless communication, in accordance with an example;

[0011] FIG. 8 illustrates BWSC time-division merge functionality of a BS to facilitate wireless communication, in accordance with an example;

[0012] FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary frame structure in accordance with an example;

[0013] FIG. 10 illustrates a diagram of example components of a User Equipment (UE) device in accordance with an example;

[0014] FIG. 11 illustrates a diagram of example components of a UE in accordance with an example; and

[0015] FIG. 12 illustrates a diagram of example components of a UE in accordance with an example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Before the present technology is disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this technology is not limited to the particular structures, process actions, or materials disclosed herein, but is extended to equivalents thereof as would be recognized by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It should also be understood that terminology employed herein is used for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting. The same reference numerals in different drawings represent the same element. Numbers provided in flow charts and processes are provided for clarity in illustrating actions and operations and do not necessarily indicate a particular order or sequence. DEFINITIONS

[0017] As used herein, the term "User Equipment (UE)" refers to a computing device capable of wireless digital communication such as a smart phone, a tablet computing device, a laptop computer, a multimedia device such as a television or gaming system, or other type computing device that is configured to provides text, voice, data, or other types of digital communication over wireless communication. The term "User Equipment (UE)" may also be refer to as a "mobile device," "wireless device," of "wireless mobile device."

[0018] As used herein, the term Base Station (BS) refers to a device or configured node of a mobile phone network that communicates wirelessly with UEs. The BS may be an a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolved (LTE) evolved NodeB (eNB), or a similar type of node.

[0019] As used herein, the term "cellular telephone network' or "Long Term Evolved (LTE)" refers to wireless broadband technology developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] An initial overview of technology embodiments is provided below and then specific technology embodiments are described in further detail later. This initial summary is intended to aid readers in understanding the technology more quickly but is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the technology nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0021] FIG. 1 depicts a wireless system, in accordance with an example. In one aspect, the multi-connectivity system includes one or more Base Stations 110 and one or more User Equipment (UE) devices 120 communicatively coupled by a wireless communication protocol. In one instance, the one or more BSs may be a Long Term Evolved (LTE) Evolved NodeBs (eNB) that is communicatively coupled to one or more UEs by a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolved (LTE) network. In another instance, an Access Points (AP) can be communicatively coupled to one or more UEs using an Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (WiFi) configured network. In one instance, the UE can be one or more of a smart phone, a tablet computing device, a laptop computer, ab internet of things (IOT) device, and/or another type of computing devices that is configured to provide digital communications. As used herein, digital communications can include data and/or voice communications, as well as control information.

[0022] FIG. 2 illustrates functionality of a BS to facilitate wireless

communication, in accordance with an example. The functionality of the BS can include a signal modulation mechanism for communicating data between a BS and one or more UEs. The modulation mechanism of the BS can be implemented by one or more processors and memory, wherein the memory stores one or more sets of instructions, that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform one or more functionalities including the signal modulation mechanism. In one instance, the signal modulation mechanism can be implemented by one or more processors and memory of an application circuitry, a baseband circuitry, and/or Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry of the BS.

[0023] In one aspect, the functionality of the BS can include interleaved frequency-division multiple access (IFDMA) modulate 210 one or more blocks of symbols for each of one or more data streams, control signals, reference signals or similar streams. As used herein one or more streams refer to one or more data streams, control signals, reference signals or similar streams. In one instance, the blocks of symbols can be Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbols, Multi-symbol Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) or similar modulation schemes. In one aspect, the IFDMA modulate can be configured to repeat and rotate the QAM symbols a predetermined number of times (R). In one instance, the IFDMA modulated data, of different data streams, can have non- overlapping spectrums and can be fully orthogonal in the frequency domain.

[0024] In one aspect, the IFDMA modulated data for each of the one or more data streams can be block-wise single carrier (BWSC) modulated 220. In one aspect, BWSC modulation can include extending a block of IFDMA symbols to generate a block of periodically extended symbols. The block of IFDMA symbols can be extended by adding a prefix periodic extension (e.g., data-based cyclic prefix), a postfix periodic extension (e.g., data-based cyclic postfix), or a combination thereof of the block of data symbols in the time domain. The block of periodically extended symbols can be up- sampled to generate a block of up-sampled symbols. The block of up-sampled symbols can be filtered to produce a block of filtered symbols. The block of filtered symbols can be truncated to generate the BWSC symbol.

[0025] In one aspect, the BWSC modulation can be configured to circularly convolve the blocks of QAM symbols including cyclic prefixed symbols using a pulse shaping filter. In one instance, each block of IFDMA data can be extended to generate a block of periodically extended symbols. In one aspect, the block of IFDMA data can be extended by adding a prefix periodic extension, a postfix periodic extension, or a combination thereof, to the block of IFDMA data. The QAM symbols can be repeated and rotated R times and then single carrier (SC) modulated. The resulting BWSC- IFDMA stream occupies 1/R of the SC allocated bandwidth. The rest of the SC bandwidth can be assigned to other IFDMA streams. In total, R streams can be multiplexed with R symbol repetition over each stream. The non-overlapping spectrums of the streams are fully orthogonal in the frequency domain. In the downlink, the total transmit power is shared among R multiplexed IFDMA streams. In addition, because of the repetition in the time domain, the power accumulation maintains the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of each IFDMA stream as there is no power splitting.

[0026] In one aspect, the BWSC IFDMA modulated data of one or more data streams can be combined into a downlink signal 230. In one instance, the BWSC IFDMA modulated data of the one or data streams can be combined digitally by the one or more processors and memory of the baseband circuitry. In another instance, the BWSC IFDMA modulated data of the one or data streams can be combined by transmission on the RF communication channel. In one aspect, the BS can encode and transmit the downlink signal to one or more UEs 240.

[0027] In one aspect, the functionality can further include the transceiver and baseband processor of the BS receiving and decoding from the UE an uplink signal carrying BWSE IFDMA modulated data 250. In one aspect, the BWSC IFDMA modulated data can be BWSC demodulated to recover IFDMA modulated data carried on the uplink signal for each of the one or more data streams 260. In one instance, data streams can be transmitted from different UEs, which are combined over the air. The BS receives the combined data streams, which it separates in the frequency domain. In one aspect, the IFDMA modulated data can be IFDMA demodulated to recover one or more blocks of QAM symbols carried on the uplink signal for each of the one or more data streams 270.

[0028] In one aspect, a baseband processor and transceiver of the BS can be adapted to encode and transmit the down link signal according to a sector sweep protocol. In one aspect, a first plurality of spatially multiplexed Synchronization Signals (SS) beam formed in a plurality of wide beam directions can be transmitted simultaneously during a first hybrid beamforming training via a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) chains of a first wireless station. One or more first feedback massages from one or more second wireless stations can be processed to identify one or more reported wide beam directions of the plurality of wide beam directions. A second plurality of spatially multiplexed SS beam formed in a plurality of narrow beam directions, which are included in the one or more reported wide beam directions, can be simultaneously transmitted during a second hybrid beamforming training via the plurality of RF chains of the first wireless station. The first wireless station can modulate the first and second plurality of SS according to the BWSC modulation scheme. In addition, the first wireless station can multiplex the first plurality of SS over the plurality of wide beam directions and the second plurality of SS over the plurality of narrow beam directions according to the IFDMA modulation scheme.

[0029] One or more second feedback messages from the one or more second wireless stations can be processed to identify one or more reported narrow beam directions of the plurality of narrow beam directions. Thereafter, the first station can transmit to the one or more second stations according to a beamforming scheme based on the reported narrow beam directions. In one instance, a plurality of users are separated in frequency in the second sweep downlink signal.

[0030] In another aspect, a baseband processor and transceiver of the BS can be adapted to encode and transmit the downlink signal as a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) spatial multiplexed signal. In one aspect, MIMO provides for sending and/or receiving more than one data signal simultaneously over the same radio channel by exploiting multipath propagation In one instance, a plurality of users can be separated in frequency and space in the MIMO multiplexed downlink signal. [0031] In yet another aspect, the BWSC IFDMA modulated data can be applied to multiplex channel state information-reference signals (CSI-RS) for different antenna ports. In one embodiment, CSI-RS are reference signals transmitted from BSs in order for UEs to measure downlink CSI and send feedback to the BS. With BWSC modulation, IFDMA can be used to multiplex CSI-RS for different antenna ports and/or different Access Points (AP). In one instance, a BS can configure different CSI-RS ports beam- formed in the same or different directions. In one instance, each antenna port can carry CSI-RS in a different beam steering angle. In one instance, different sub-bands can be allocated to each antenna port. IFDMA can be used to multiplex CSI-RS for different antenna ports over orthogonal sub-bands. UEs can measure the channel for all antenna ports in specified sub-bands and send the feedback. The neighboring antenna ports can also be allocated on orthogonal sub-bands for CSI-RS transmission to avoid interference. CSI-RS transmission can be scheduled periodically or as an on-demand one shot communication. In either case, in one embodiment, one symbol can be used to transmit CSI-RS for all antenna ports.

[0032] FIG. 3A illustrates functionality of a BS to facilitate wireless communication, in accordance with an example. The functionality of the BS includes a signal modulation mechanism for communicating data between a BS and one or more UEs, wherein the signal modulation mechanism can be implemented by one or more processors and memory of a baseband circuitry of the BS.

[0033] In one aspect, blocks of QAM symbols 310 can be generated from encoded data 315 for each of a plurality of channels 320. The blocks of QAM symbols can be IFDMA modulated 325. The blocks of IFDMA modulated data can be BWSC modulated 330. The power is allocated 335 for the BWSC IFDMA blocks. The BWSC IDFMA blocks can be combined 340 at the transmitter with a downlink carrier for transmission over an RF channel 345. The BWSC IFDMA blocks can be combined 340 using either analog, digital, or hybrid beam forming combining techniques.

[0034] In one aspect, a block of M QAM symbols are rotated/repeated R times, for each channel, such that N = MR,

q_m ^l , m = 0, ... , M— 1 is input QAM symbols for Zth stream; qln power is P;

i _ _i _ _i (βπΙτ\

xn— rm ^~ m ^exP I ^ I > n = rM + m, such that 0 < n < N— 1,

r = 0, ... , R - l,

m = 0, M - 1, and

I = 0, ... , R— 1 is the stream index.

[0035] The spectrum of each stream has a combined pattern as illustrated 350. The non-overlapping spectrums of the streams are fully orthogonal in the frequency domain.

IFDMA streams are combined to form IFDMA multiplexing over BWSC modulation 325. The analog or digital combining 340can be configured to take place at the transmitter as in the downlink, or may happen over the air as in the uplink transmission of a wireless network.

[0036] A multiplexed signal can be represented by x_n

^ai^xn _> ^{n =} 0, ... , N - 1, where:

1 < L < R is the number of multiplexed layers;

a_t is power scaling of layer I such that∑i=o ^ai ≤ 1;

In case of equal transmit power:

the power allocation per layer can be fixed independent of number of layers: a = or the total transmit power can be fixed, with dynamic power per layer: a = x_n is passed through a BWSC modulator;

In the case of spatial multiplexing plus IFDMA multiplexing: x_n ^l is passed through BWSC modulator.

[0037] Modulated signals can pass through layer-specific pre-coders. Pre- coder might be simply an antenna/beam selection to avoid PAPR growth because of stream combining. [0038] Pre-coded layers can be combined, so layers are separated in the space-frequency domain.

[0039] At the receiver, IFDMA streams are separated in the frequency domain due to the non-overlapping comb pattern of IFDMA streams in the frequency domain. The detailed expression of IFDMA spectrum and SNR calculation is in the sequel. Assume a baseline BWSC modulation expressed as below:

N QAM symbols per BWSC symbols, x_n, n = 0 ... JV - 1;

Received signal after demodulation is y_n = x_n + n_n where n_n is noise with power iV₀;

SNR = P/No where ? = E{\x_n \ ²};

[0040] As mentioned before, the IFDMA signal is represented by x_n = ∑i=o ^ai^xn _> n = 0, ... , N— 1. The spectrum of every IFDMA layer is described as :

The above equation can be sim lified to:

Xk ^{= R} k-l factor

or

₍ _ FFT_N (q_m ^l ), k = l, l + R, ... , l + (M - 1)R

XI = _.

0, otherwise

[0041] The above equations confirm that IFDMA layers are separated in the frequency domain. I represents the IFDMA stream or "channel". The received signal after BWSC demodulation is :

n = ^xn + ⁿn

^ai^xn + ⁿn (assuming an average white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with noise power iV₀); Which is described as below in the frequency domain:

Y_k = FFT_N(y_n) = _aiX_k ^l + I_k,

where I_k is noise in the frequency domain with variance N₀. {¾_/£=;_,;+ I+(M-I)R represents Y_k ^l for the Zth layer. Therefore, the IFDM layers are easily separated and de-multiplexed in the frequency domain. In the case of a fading channel, Y_k ^l can be equalized. After demultiplexing, the time domain signal of a given stream can be reconstructed by M-point IFFT to reconstruct the original time domain QAM s mbols:

_ί+(Μ__1)β) +

where i_t is noise with power N₀, and t = 0,1,■■■ , M— 1 . Replacing X_k, the above formulation is expressed as

which is further simplified to

M-l

RM _l -]2πΙπι\

I . ... / m exp h-m +

IMN t—> MR

m=0

or

[0042] Based on the above formulation, after Rx processing, the SNR after the received QAM symbols is expressed as:

_ afRP

SNR IFDMA — ^'

JVn

In the case of a, = -=, SNR_IFDMA =— , i.e. IFDMA multiplexing maintains SNR as original BWSC modulation with no link budget loss. [0043] As further illustrated in FIG. 3A, the BS can also receive and decode an analog, digital or hybrid beamforming for UE / uplink signals 355 on the RF channel 345. The uplink signal can be BWSC demodulated 360 and N-point Fast Fourier Transformed (FFT) 365 to recover the IFDMA modulated data carried on the uplink signal. The IFDMA modulated data can be IFDMA demodulated 370, along with Frequency Domain Equalization (FDE) 375, M-point Inverse Fast Fourier Transformed (IFFT) 380, and phase rotated 385 to recover QAM symbols for processing by a QAM sheer 390 and channel decoded 395 to recover the data transmitted by the UE /.

[0044] FIG. 3B illustrates functionality of a BS to facilitate wireless

communication, in accordance with an example. The functionality of the BS includes a signal modulation mechanism for communicating data between a BS and one or more UEs, wherein the signal modulation mechanism can be implemented by one or more processors and memory of baseband circuitry of the BS.

[0045] In one aspect, BWSC-IFDMA modulation can be combined with Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (MU-MIMO) techniques, fully digital or hybrid beam forming (BF), for a downlink mmwave wireless network. In one aspect, user/streams in the MU-MIMO BWSC IFDMA modulation scheme are separated in space and/or frequency domains.

[0046] BWSC IFDMA modulation may advantageously be implemented in the baseband processor. BWSC-IFDMA enable time and frequency division domain multiplexing of multiple data/control streams and/or users in wireless systems. BWSC IFDMA is characterized by relatively low Peak-to- Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which is important for cm wave and mm wave communications where non-linearity of low cost RF hardware benefits from lower dynamic range of analog transmitted signals.

Accordingly, BWSC-IFDMA advantageously provides baseband modulation methods to orthogonally or semi-orthogonally multiplexed data or control streams or users, or reference signals in the frequency domain while streams or users are operating in a BWSC mode.

[0047] FIG. 4 illustrates a functionality of a UE to facilitate a wireless communication, in accordance with another example. The functionality of the BS includes a signal modulation mechanism for communicating data between a BS and one or more UEs. The modulation mechanism of the BS can be implemented by one or more processors and memory, wherein the memory stores one or more sets of instructions, that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform one or more functionalities including the signal modulation mechanism. In one instance, the signal modulation mechanism may be implemented by one or more processors and memory of an application circuitry, a baseband circuitry, and/or Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry of the UE.

[0048] In one aspect, the functionality of the UE can include frequency- division merge blocks of QAM symbols of a number of streams within a sub-band of an SC spectrum 410. In one aspect, the frequency-division merged data for each of a plurality of sub-bands of the SC spectrum can be BWSC modulated into an uplink signal 420. In one aspect, the frequency-division merged data can be spectral shaped for each of the plurality of sub-bands to produce sub-channel localization shaped frequency-division merged data. In one aspect, the BWSC modulation can include circularly convolving the blocks of frequency-division merged data including cyclic prefixes using a pulse shaping filter. In one aspect, each block of frequency-division merged data can be extended to generate a block of periodically extended symbols. The blocks of periodically extended symbols can be up-sampled to generate blocks of up-sampled symbols. The up-sampled symbols can be filtered to produce blocks of filtered symbols. The filtered symbols can be truncated to generate the BWSC frequency-division merged modulated data. In one aspect, the UE can encode and transmit the uplink signal to one or more BSs 430. In one aspect, the sub-channel localization shaped frequency-division merged data can be BWSC modulated for each of the plurality of sub-bands of the SC spectrum.

[0049] In one aspect, Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) feedback data or Buffer Status Report (BSR) data in blocks of QAM symbols can be frequency-division merged in an Acknowledgement (ACK) channel within the sub-band of the SC spectrum.

[0050] The SC spectrum offer very large system bandwidth. In one aspect, sub-band scheduling is used to allocate a part of the system bandwidth to a user. The sub- band scheduling helps power-limited users to concentrate their power within a smaller bandwidth and hence improve transmission quality. [0051] FIG. 5 illustrates functionality of a UE to facilitate wireless

communication, in accordance with an example. The functionality of the UE includes a signal modulation mechanism for communicating data between one or more UEs and a BS, wherein the signal modulation mechanism can be implemented by one or more processors and memory of a baseband circuitry of each of one or more UEs.

[0052] In one aspect, the incoming stream of each UE is first up-sampled by rate R 510. The total of QAM symbols after up-sampling is N=MR where N is the size of the BWSC block. Filter g_{n k} 520 forms the spectrum of stream k to locally occupy a specific subband of the system bandwidth. As an example these spectrum shaping filters can be defined as follows:

^* Zr = [dnA ll_' r = 0, ... , R - 1 ;

' gs = 0_< ^r≠ ^s , orthogonal filters;

' 9n,r = f ^{e _7~ n =} °> - ' ^{R ~ 1 ;}

Wherein, R is the total number of sub-bands or sub-channels, H is Hermitian transform, and s and r are dummy indexes showing index of an arbitrary sub-channel such that 0<r, s<R.

[0053] Using these spectrum shaping filters, the spectrum of the some sub- bands are illustrated in Fig. 6. As illustrated, the power of every stream is concentrated within a smaller part of the system bandwidth. Accordingly, BWSC frequency-division merge modulation may advantageously be used for uplink transmission by a UE with limited transmit power where the UE cannot use the entire SC system bandwidth to transmit its data.

[0054] FIG. 7 illustrates functionality of a BS to facilitate wireless

communication, in accordance with an example. The functionality of the BS includes a signal modulation mechanism for communicating data between a BS and one or more UEs. The modulation mechanism of the BS can be implemented by one or more processors and memory, wherein the memory stores one or more sets of instructions, that, when executed by the one or more processors, perform one or more functionalities including the signal modulation mechanism. In one instance, the signal modulation mechanism may be implemented by one or more processors and memory of an application circuitry, a baseband circuitry, and/or Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry of the BS.

[0055] In one aspect, the functionality of the BS can include time-division merge data from two or more data streams in one or more blocks of QAM symbols 710. In one instance, time-division merging may be configured to merge data of two or more control channels at a QAM symbol level. In another instance, time-division merging may be configured to merge data of two or more control channels at a bit level. In yet another instance, time-division merging may be configured to merge data of two or more control channels at a coding level among information bits of a plurality of streams.

[0056] In one aspect, the time-division merge data can be BWSC modulated 720. In one aspect each block of time-division merged data can be extended to generate a block of periodically extended symbols. The blocks of periodically extended symbols can be up-sampled to generate blocks of up-sampled symbols. The up-sampled symbols can be filtered to produce blocks of filtered symbols. The filtered symbols can be truncated to generate the BWSC time-division merge modulated data. In one aspect, the BS can encode and transmit the BWSC time-division merged data to one or more UEs 730.

[0057] In one instance, the BS can service multiple UEs with the BSWC time-division merged data encoded and transmitted in a beam that covers the multiple UEs. The BS can merge streams of multiple UEs into one BWSC block. Each UE can receive the BWSE time-division merged data, demodulate the signal, take parts of data intended for the given UE and discard the parts of the data that belong to other UEs.

[0058] In another aspect, the BWSC time-division merge process can be applied to uplink data as well. In instance, the UE merges different streams, such as data, control ACK, and buffer size CQI, and encode and transmits the BWSE time- division merge modulated data to the BS.

[0059] FIG. 8 illustrates functionality of a BS to facilitate wireless communication, in accordance with an example. The functionality of the BS includes a signal modulation mechanism for communicating data between a BS and one or more UEs, wherein the signal modulation mechanism can be implemented by one or more processors and memory of a baseband circuitry of the BS.

[0060] In one aspect, data of a plurality (k) of users can be time-division merged 810. The time-division merged data can be BWSC modulated 820 to generate BWSC time-division merged data. Single-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (SU-MIMO), Space Time Coding (STC) or open-loop precoding 830 can be performed on the BWSC time-division merged data to communicate via a plurality of RF chains 840 of a downlink.

[0061] BWSC time-division merge modulation schemes may readily be applied to frame structures, wherein a two tier beam structure can be used to transmit uplink or downlink control information over a broader beam and a narrow direction beam is used for data transmission. FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary frame structure. In the exemplary frame structure, a broad beam is used to transmit Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) 910 data in the downlink as well as uplink control channel such as the ACK channels or the Scheduling Request Channel (SRC), which is typically piggy-backed along with the ACK channel for efficient utilization of the allocated symbol.

[0062] Given that control channels are transmitted with a beam, an opportunity to apply IFDMA-BWSC techniques can be utilized to multiplex control information across several users in coverage of the broader beam. Similarly, time- division merge multiplexing of users' downlink control data within the same BWSC symbol can be utilized to simultaneously transmit the PDCCH channel to users associated with the broader tier sector.

[0063] FIG. 10 illustrates a diagram of example components of a User

Equipment (UE) device in accordance with an example. In some aspects, the UE device 1000 can include application circuitry 1002, baseband circuitry 1004, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 1006, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 1008 and one or more antennas 1010, coupled together at least as shown.

[0064] The application circuitry 1002 can include one or more application processors. For example, the application circuitry 1002 can include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The processor(s) can include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors can be coupled with and/or can include memory /storage and can be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory /storage to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.

[0065] The processor(s) can include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc.). The processors can be coupled with and/or can include a storage medium 1012, and can be configured to execute instructions stored in the storage medium 1012 to enable various applications and/or operating systems to run on the system.

[0066] The baseband circuitry 1004 can include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. The baseband circuitry 1004 can include one or more baseband processors and/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1006 and to generate baseband signals for a transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1006.

Baseband processing circuitry 1004 can interface with the application circuitry 1002 for generation and processing of the baseband signals and for controlling operations of the RF circuitry 1006. For example, in some aspects, the baseband circuitry 1004 can include a second generation (2G) baseband processor 1004a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 1004b, fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 1004c, WiFi baseband processor 1004d and/or other baseband processor(s) 1004e for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., fifth generation (5G), 6G, etc.). The baseband circuitry 1004 (e.g., one or more of baseband processors 1004a-e) can handle various radio control functions that enable communication with one or more radio networks via the RF circuitry 1006. The radio control functions can include, but are not limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radio frequency shifting, etc. In some aspects, modulation/demodulation circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1004 can include Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/de- mapping functionality. In some aspects, encoding/decoding circuitry of the baseband circuitry 1004 can include convolution, tail-biting convolution, turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoder functionality. Aspects of modulation/demodulation and encoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and can include other suitable functionality in other aspects.

[0067] In some aspects, the baseband circuitry 1004 can include elements of a protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) protocol including, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC), radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements. A central processing unit (CPU) 1004f of the baseband circuitry 1004 can be configured to run elements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP and/or RRC layers. In some aspects, the baseband circuitry can include one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 1004g. The audio DSP(s) 1004g can be include elements for compression/decompression and echo cancellation and can include other suitable processing elements in other aspects. Components of the baseband circuitry can be suitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on a same circuit board in some aspects. In some aspects, some or all of the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 1004 and the application circuitry 1002 can be implemented together such as, for example, on a system on a chip (SOC).

[0068] In some aspects, the baseband circuitry 1004 can provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies. For example, in some aspects, the baseband circuitry 1004 can support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) and/or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN). Aspects in which the baseband circuitry 1004 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol can be referred to as multi-mode baseband circuitry.

[0069] RF circuitry 1006 can enable communication with wireless networks using modulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. In various aspects, the RF circuitry 1006 can include switches, filters, amplifiers, etc. to facilitate the communication with the wireless network. RF circuitry 1006 can include a receive signal path which can include circuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1008 and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 1004. RF circuitry 1006 can also include a transmit signal path which can include circuitry to up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 1004 and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 1008 for transmission.

[0070] In some aspects, the RF circuitry 1006 can include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the RF circuitry 1006 can include mixer circuitry 1006a, amplifier circuitry 1006b and filter circuitry 1006c. The transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 1006 can include filter circuitry 1006c and mixer circuitry 1006a. RF circuitry 1006 can also include synthesizer circuitry 1006d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1006a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some aspects, the mixer circuitry 1006a of the receive signal path can be configured to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 1008 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 1006d. The amplifier circuitry 1006b can be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 1006c can be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals. Output baseband signals can be provided to the baseband circuitry 1004 for further processing. In some aspects, the output baseband signals can be zero-frequency baseband signals, although the output baseband signals do not have to be zero-frequency baseband signals. In some aspects, mixer circuitry 1006a of the receive signal path can comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the aspects is not limited in this respect.

[0071] In some aspects, the mixer circuitry 1006a of the transmit signal path can be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 1006d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 1008. The baseband signals can be provided by the baseband circuitry 1004 and can be filtered by filter circuitry 1006c. The filter circuitry 1006c can include a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the aspects is not limited in this respect. [0072] In some aspects, the mixer circuitry 1006a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1006a of the transmit signal path can include two or more mixers and can be arranged for quadrature down conversion and/or up conversion respectively. In some aspects, the mixer circuitry 1006a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1006a of the transmit signal path can include two or more mixers and can be arranged for image rej ection (e.g., Hartley image rejection). In some aspects, the mixer circuitry 1006a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1006a can be arranged for direct down conversion and/or direct up conversion, respectively. In some aspects, the mixer circuitry 1006a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 1006a of the transmit signal path can be configured for super-heterodyne operation.

[0073] In some aspects, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals can be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the aspects is not limited in this respect. In some alternate aspects, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signals can be digital baseband signals. In these alternate aspects, the RF circuitry 1006 can include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to- analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 1004 can include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 1006.

[0074] In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry can be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

[0075] In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 1006d can be a fractional -N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+l synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers can be suitable. For example, synthesizer circuitry 1006d can be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.

[0076] The synthesizer circuitry 1006d can be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 1006a of the RF circuitry 1006 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 1006d can be a fractional N/N+l synthesizer. [0077] In some embodiments, frequency input can be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a constraint. Divider control input can be provided by either the baseband circuitry 1004 or the applications processor 1002 depending on the desired output frequency. In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) can be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 1002.

[0078] Synthesizer circuitry 1006d of the RF circuitry 1006 can include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phase accumulator. In some embodiments, the divider can be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator can be a digital phase accumulator (DP A). In some embodiments, the DMD can be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, the DLL can include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments, the delay elements can be configured to break a VCO period up into Nd equal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in the delay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to help ensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

[0079] In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 1006d can be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency can be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in

conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other. In some embodiments, the output frequency can be a LO frequency (fLO). In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 1006 can include an IQ/polar converter.

[0080] FEM circuitry 1008 can include a receive signal path which can include circuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or more antennas 1010, amplify the received signals and provide the amplified versions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 1006 for further processing. FEM circuitry 1008 can also include a transmit signal path which can include circuitry configured to amplify signals for transmission provided by the RF circuitry 1006 for transmission by one or more of the one or more antennas 1010.

[0081] In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 1008 can include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuitry can include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry can include a low-noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 1006). The transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 1008 can include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 1006), and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 1010.

[0082] In some embodiments, the UE device 1000 can include additional elements such as, for example, memory /storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output (I/O) interface.

[0083] FIG. 1 1 illustrates a diagram 1 100 of a node 1 1 10 (e.g., eNB and/or a base station) and wireless device (e.g., UE) in accordance with an example. The node can include a base station (BS), a Node B (NB), an evolved Node B (eNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio equipment (RRE), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a central processing module (CPM). In one aspect, the node can be a Serving GPRS Support Node. The node 1 1 10 can include a node device 1 1 12. The node device 11 12 or the node 1 110 can be configured to communicate with the wireless device 1 120. The node device 1 1 12 can be configured to implement the technology described. The node device 1 112 can include a processing module 1 114 and a transceiver module 11 16. In one aspect, the node device 11 12 can include the transceiver module 11 16 and the processing module 11 14 forming a circuitry 1 1 18 for the node 1 110. In one aspect, the transceiver module 1 116 and the processing module 1 114 can form a circuitry of the node device 1 112. The processing module 1 114 can include one or more processors and memory. In one embodiment, the processing module 1 122 can include one or more application processors. The transceiver module 1 1 16 can include a transceiver and one or more processors and memory. In one embodiment, the transceiver module 1 116 can include a baseband processor. [0084] The wireless device 1 120 can include a transceiver module 1124 and a processing module 1 122. The processing module 1 122 can include one or more processors and memory. In one embodiment, the processing module 1 122 can include one or more application processors. The transceiver module 1 124 can include a transceiver and one or more processors and memory. In one embodiment, the transceiver module 1 124 can include a baseband processor. The wireless device 1 120 can be configured to implement the technology described. The node 1 1 10 and the wireless devices 1 120 can also include one or more storage mediums, such as the transceiver module 1 1 16, 1 124 and/or the processing module 11 14, 1 122. In one aspect, the components described herein of the transceiver module 1 1 16 can be included in one or more separate devices that can be used in a cloud-RAN (C-RAN) environment.

[0085] FIG. 12 illustrates a diagram of a UE 1200, in accordance with an example. The UE may be a mobile station (MS), a mobile wireless device, a mobile communication device, a tablet, a handset, or other type of wireless device. In one aspect, the UE 1200 can include at least one of an antenna 1205, a touch sensitive display screen 1210, a speaker 1215, a microphone 1220, a graphics processor 1225, a baseband processor 1230, an application processor 1235, internal memory 1240, a keyboard 1245, a non-volatile memory port 1250, and combinations thereof.

[0086] The UE can include one or more antennas configured to

communicate with a node or transmission station, such as a base station (BS), an evolved Node B (eNB), a baseband unit (BBU), a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio equipment (RRE), a relay station (RS), a radio equipment (RE), a remote radio unit (RRU), a central processing module (CPM), or other type of wireless wide area network (WW AN) access point. The wireless device can be configured to communicate using at least one wireless communication standard including 3 GPP LTE, WiMAX, High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Bluetooth, and WiFi. The wireless device can communicate using separate antennas for each wireless communication standard or shared antennas for multiple wireless communication standards. The wireless device can communicate in a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless personal area network (WPAN), and/or a WW AN. The mobile device can include a storage medium. In one aspect, the storage medium can be associated with and/or communicate with the application processor, the graphics processor, the display, the non-volatile memory port, and/or internal memory. In one aspect, the application processor and graphics processor are storage mediums.

[0087] EXAMPLES

[0088] The following examples pertain to specific technology

embodiments and point out specific features, elements, or steps that can be used or otherwise combined in achieving such embodiments.

[0089] Example 1 includes an apparatus of a Base Station (BS), the BS configured to communicate data multiplexed in both frequency and time with a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising one or more processors and memory configured to: interleaved frequency-divisional multiple access (IFDMA) modulate one or more blocks of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols for each of one or more streams; block-wise single carrier (BWSC) modulate the IFDMA modulated streams for each of the one or more streams; combine the BWSC IFDMA modulated streams, of the one or more streams, onto a downlink signal; and encode the downlink signal for transmission to the UE.

[0090] Example 2 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: encode the downlink signal according to a sector sweep protocol, wherein users are separated in frequency.

[0091] Example 3 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: encode the downlink signal according to a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing, wherein users are separated in frequency and space.

[0092] Example 4 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 1 and/or 3, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: apply the BWSC IFDMA modulated data to multiplex channel state information-reference signals (CSI-RS) for different antenna ports, wherein different frequency sub-bands are allocated to each antenna port. [0093] Example 5 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the IFDMA modulate is configured to repeat and rotate QAM constellation symbols a predetermined number of times.

[0094] Example 6 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 1 and/or 5, wherein the IFDMA modulated data, of different data streams, have non-overlapping spectrums and are fully orthogonal in the frequency domain.

[0095] Example 7 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the BWSC modulate is configured to circularly convolve the blocks of QAM symbols including cyclic prefixes using a pulse shaping filter.

[0096] Example 8 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 1 and/or 7, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate: extend each block of IFDMA data to generate a block of periodically extended symbols; up-sample the block of periodically extended symbols to generate a block of up-sampled symbols; filter the block of up-sampled symbols to produce a block of filtered symbols; and truncate the block of filtered symbols to generate the BWSC IFDMA modulated data.

[0097] Example 9 includes the apparatus of Example 8, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate: extend the block of IFDMA data by adding a prefix periodic extension, a postfix periodic extension, or a combination thereof to the block if IFDMA data.

[0098] Example 10 includes the apparatus of Example 1, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: decode from the UE an uplink signal carrying BWSC IDFMA modulated data; block-wise single carrier (BWSC) demodulate the BWSC IFDMA modulated data to recover IFDMA modulated data carried on the uplink signal for each of the one or more data streams; and IFDMA demodulate the IFDMA modulated data to recover one or more blocks of QAM symbols carried on the uplink signal for each of the one or more data streams.

[0099] Example 11 includes an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the UE configured to communicate data multiplexed in both frequency and time with a Base Station (BS), the apparatus comprising one or more processors and memory configured to: frequency-division merge blocks of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols of a number of streams within a sub-band of a single carrier (SC) spectrum; block-wise single carrier (BWSC) modulate the frequency-division merged data for the sub-band of the SC spectrum onto an uplink signal; and encode the uplink signal for transmission to the UE.

[00100] Example 12 includes the apparatus of Example 11, wherein the BWSC modulate is configured to circularly convolve the blocks of frequency-division merge data including cyclic prefixes using a pulse shaping filter.

[00101] Example 13 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 11 and/or 12, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate: extend each block of frequency division merge data to generate a block of periodically extended symbols; up-sample the block of periodically extended symbols to generate a block of up-sampled symbols; filter the block of up-sampled symbols to produce a block of filtered symbols; and truncate the block of filtered symbols to generate the BWSC frequency-division merge modulated data.

[00102] Example 14 includes an apparatus of a Base Station (BS), the BS configured to communicate data with a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising one or more processors and memory configured to: time-division merge data from two or more streams in one or more blocks of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols; block-wise single carrier (BWSC) modulate the time-division merged data; and encode the BWSC time-division merged data for transmission to the UE.

[00103] Example 15 includes the apparatus of Example 14, wherein the time- division merge is configured to merge the data of the two or more control channels at a QAM symbol level.

[00104] Example 16 includes the apparatus of Example 14, wherein the time- division merge is configured to merge streams of multiple UEs.

[00105] Example 17 includes the apparatus of Example 16, wherein the BWSC time-division merged data of the multiple UEs encoded over a wide beam that covers the multiple UEs. [00106] Example 18 includes the apparatus of Example 14, wherein the time- division merge is configured to merge the data of the two or more control channels at a bit level.

[00107] Example 19 includes the apparatus of Example 14, wherein the time- division merge is configured to merge the data of the two or more control channels at a coding level among information bits of a plurality of streams.

[00108] Example 20 includes the apparatus of Example 14, wherein the BWSC modulate is configured to circularly convolve the blocks of time-division merge data including cyclic prefixes using a pulse shaping filter.

[00109] Example 21 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 14 and/or 20, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate: extend each block of time-division merged data to generate a block of periodically extended symbols; up-sample the block of periodically extended symbols to generate a block of up-sampled symbols; filter the block of up-sampled symbols to produce a block of filtered symbols; and truncate the block of filtered symbols to generate the BWSC time-division merge modulated data.

[00110] Example 22 includes the apparatus of Example 21, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate: extend the block of time-division merge data by adding a prefix periodic extension, a postfix periodic extension, or a combination thereof to the block if time- division merge data.

[00111] Example 23 includes an apparatus of a Base Station (BS), the BS configured to communicate data multiplexed in both frequency and time with a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising one or more processors and memory configured to: interleaved frequency-divisional multiple access (IFDMA) modulate one or more blocks of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols for each of one or more streams; block-wise single carrier (BWSC) modulate the IFDMA modulated streams for each of the one or more streams; combine the BWSC IFDMA modulated streams, of the one or more streams, onto a downlink signal; and encode the downlink signal for transmission to the UE. [00112] Example 24 includes the apparatus of Example 23, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: encode the downlink signal according to, a sector sweep protocol, wherein users are separated in frequency; or a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing, wherein users are separated in frequency and space.

[00113] Example 25 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 23 and/or 24, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: apply the BWSC IFDMA modulated data to multiplex channel state information-reference signals (CSI-RS) for different antenna ports, wherein different frequency sub-bands are allocated to each antenna port.

[00114] Example 26 includes the apparatus of Example 23, wherein the IFDMA modulate is configured to repeat and rotate QAM constellation symbols a predetermined number of times.

[00115] Example 27 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 23 and/or 26, wherein the IFDMA modulated data, of different data streams, have non-overlapping spectrums and are fully orthogonal in the frequency domain.

[00116] Example 28 includes the apparatus of Example 23, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate: extend each block of IFDMA data by adding a prefix periodic extension, a postfix periodic extension, or a combination thereof to the block if IFDMA data to generate a block of periodically extended symbols; up-sample the block of periodically extended symbols to generate a block of up-sampled symbols; filter the block of up- sampled symbols to produce a block of filtered symbols; and truncate the block of filtered symbols to generate the BWSC IFDMA modulated data.

[00117] Example 29 includes the apparatus of Example 23, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: decode from the UE an uplink signal carrying BWSC IDFMA modulated data; block-wise single carrier (BWSC) demodulate the BWSC IFDMA modulated data to recover IFDMA modulated data carried on the uplink signal for each of the one or more data streams; and IFDMA demodulate the IFDMA modulated data to recover one or more blocks of QAM symbols carried on the uplink signal for each of the one or more data streams. [00118] Example 30 includes an apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the UE configured to communicate data multiplexed in both frequency and time with a Base Station (BS), the apparatus comprising one or more processors and memory configured to: frequency-division merge blocks of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols of a number of streams within a sub-band of a single carrier (SC) spectrum; block-wise single carrier (BWSC) modulate the frequency-division merged data for the sub-band of the SC spectrum onto an uplink signal; and encode the uplink signal for transmission to the UE.

[00119] Example 31 includes the apparatus of Example 30, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate: extend each block of frequency division merge data to generate a block of periodically extended symbols; up-sample the block of periodically extended symbols to generate a block of up-sampled symbols; filter the block of up-sampled symbols to produce a block of filtered symbols; and truncate the block of filtered symbols to generate the BWSC frequency-division merge modulated data.

[00120] Example 32 includes an apparatus of a Base Station (BS), the BS configured to communicate data with a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising one or more processors and memory configured to: time-division merge data from two or more streams in one or more blocks of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols; block-wise single carrier (BWSC) modulate the time-division merged data; and encode the BWSC time-division merged data for transmission to the UE.

[00121] Example 33 includes the apparatus of Example 32, wherein the time- division merge is configured to merge the data of the two or more control channels at a QAM symbol level or streams of multiple UEs.

[00122] Example 34 includes the apparatus of Example 33, wherein the BWSC time-division merged data of the multiple UEs encoded over a wide beam that covers the multiple UEs.

[00123] Example 35 includes the apparatus of Example 32, wherein the time- division merge is configured to merge the data of the two or more control channels at a bit level or at a coding level among information bits of a plurality of streams. [00124] Example 36 the apparatus of Example 32, wherein the BWSC modulate is configured to circularly convolve the blocks of time-division merge data including cyclic prefixes using a pulse shaping filter.

[00125] Example 37 includes the apparatus of any of Examples 32 and/or 36, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate: extend each block of time-division merged data to generate a block of periodically extended symbols; up-sample the block of periodically extended symbols to generate a block of up-sampled symbols; filter the block of up-sampled symbols to produce a block of filtered symbols; and truncate the block of filtered symbols to generate the BWSC time-division merge modulated data.

[00126] As used herein, the term "circuitry" can refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some aspects, the circuitry can be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry can be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some aspects, circuitry can include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.

[00127] Various techniques, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, compact disc-read-only memory (CD-ROMs), hard drives, transitory or non-transitory computer readable storage medium, or any other machine-readable storage medium wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the various techniques. Circuitry can include hardware, firmware, program code, executable code, computer instructions, and/or software. A non- transitory computer readable storage medium can be a computer readable storage medium that does not include signal. In the case of program code execution on programmable computers, the computing device may include a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. The volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements may be a random- access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash drive, optical drive, magnetic hard drive, solid state drive, or other medium for storing electronic data. The node and wireless device may also include a transceiver module (i.e., transceiver), a counter module (i.e., counter), a processing module (i.e., processor), and/or a clock module (i.e., clock) or timer module (i.e., timer). One or more programs that may implement or utilize the various techniques described herein may use an application programming interface (API), reusable controls, and the like. Such programs may be implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) may be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware implementations.

[00128] As used herein, the term processor can include general purpose processors, specialized processors such as VLSI, FPGAs, or other types of specialized processors, as well as base band processors used in transceivers to send, receive, and process wireless communications.

[00129] It should be understood that many of the functional units described in this specification have been labeled as modules, in order to more particularly emphasize their implementation independence. For example, a module may be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising custom very-large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or other discrete components. A module may also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays,

programmable array logic, programmable logic devices or the like.

[00130] Modules may also be implemented in software for execution by various types of processors. An identified module of executable code may, for instance, comprise one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, which may, for instance, be organized as an object, procedure, or function.

Nevertheless, the executables of an identified module may not be physically located together, but may comprise disparate instructions stored in different locations which, when joined logically together, comprise the module and achieve the stated purpose for the module.

[00131] Indeed, a module of executable code may be a single instruction, or many instructions, and may even be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across several memory devices. Similarly, operational data may be identified and illustrated herein within modules, and may be embodied in any suitable form and organized within any suitable type of data structure. The operational data may be collected as a single data set, or may be distributed over different locations including over different storage devices, and may exist, at least partially, merely as electronic signals on a system or network. The modules may be passive or active, including agents operable to perform desired functions.

[00132] Reference throughout this specification to "an example" or

"exemplary" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example is included in at least one embodiment of the present technology. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in an example" or the word

"exemplary" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

[00133] As used herein, a plurality of items, structural elements,

compositional elements, and/or materials may be presented in a common list for convenience. However, these lists should be construed as though each member of the list is individually identified as a separate and unique member. Thus, no individual member of such list should be construed as a de facto equivalent of any other member of the same list solely based on their presentation in a common group without indications to the contrary. In addition, various embodiments and example of the present technology may be referred to herein along with alternatives for the various components thereof. It is understood that such embodiments, examples, and alternatives are not to be construed as de facto equivalents of one another, but are to be considered as separate and autonomous representations of the present technology.

[00134] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of layouts, distances, network examples, etc., to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the technology. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the technology can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, layouts, etc. In other instances, well- known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the technology.

[00135] While the forgoing examples are illustrative of the principles of the present technology in one or more particular applications, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerous modifications in form, usage and details of implementation can be made without the exercise of inventive faculty, and without departing from the principles and concepts of the technology. Accordingly, it is not intended that the technology be limited, except as by the claims set forth below.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus of a Base Station (BS), the BS configured to communicate data multiplexed in both frequency and time with a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising one or more processors and memory configured to:

interleaved frequency-divisional multiple access (IFDMA) modulate one or more blocks of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols for each of one or more streams;

block-wise single carrier (BWSC) modulate the IFDMA modulated streams for each of the one or more streams;

combine the BWSC IFDMA modulated streams, of the one or more streams, onto a downlink signal; and

encode the downlink signal for transmission to the UE.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: encode the downlink signal according to a sector sweep protocol, wherein users are separated in frequency.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: encode the downlink signal according to a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing, wherein users are separated in frequency and space.

4. The apparatus of claims 1 or 3, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: apply the BWSC IFDMA modulated data to multiplex channel state information-reference signals (CSI-RS) for different antenna ports, wherein different frequency sub-bands are allocated to each antenna port.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the IFDMA modulate is configured to repeat and rotate QAM constellation symbols a predetermined number of times.

6. The apparatus of claims 1 or 5, wherein the IFDMA modulated data, of different data streams, have non-overlapping spectrums and are fully orthogonal in the frequency domain.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the BWSC modulate is configured to circularly convolve the blocks of QAM symbols including cyclic prefixes using a pulse shaping filter.

8. The apparatus of claims 1 or 7, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate:

extend each block of IFDMA data to generate a block of periodically extended symbols;

up-sample the block of periodically extended symbols to generate a block of up- sampled symbols;

filter the block of up-sampled symbols to produce a block of filtered symbols; and truncate the block of filtered symbols to generate the BWSC IFDMA modulated data.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate:

extend the block of IFDMA data by adding a prefix periodic extension, a postfix periodic extension, or a combination thereof to the block if IFDMA data.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to: decode from the UE an uplink signal carrying BWSC IDFMA modulated data; block-wise single carrier (BWSC) demodulate the BWSC IFDMA modulated data to recover IFDMA modulated data carried on the uplink signal for each of the one or more data streams; and

IFDMA demodulate the IFDMA modulated data to recover one or more blocks of QAM symbols carried on the uplink signal for each of the one or more data streams.

11. An apparatus of a User Equipment (UE), the UE configured to communicate data multiplexed in both frequency and time with a Base Station (BS), the apparatus comprising one or more processors and memory configured to:

frequency-division merge blocks of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols of a number of streams within a sub-band of a single carrier (SC) spectrum; block-wise single carrier (BWSC) modulate the frequency-division merged data for the sub-band of the SC spectrum onto an uplink signal; and

encode the uplink signal for transmission to the UE.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the BWSC modulate is configured to circularly convolve the blocks of frequency-division merge data including cyclic prefixes using a pulse shaping filter.

13. The apparatus of claims 11 or 12, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate:

extend each block of frequency division merge data to generate a block of periodically extended symbols;

filter the block of up-sampled symbols to produce a block of filtered symbols; and truncate the block of filtered symbols to generate the BWSC frequency-division merge modulated data.

14. An apparatus of a Base Station (BS), the BS configured to communicate data with a User Equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising one or more processors and memory configured to:

time-division merge data from two or more streams in one or more blocks of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols;

block-wise single carrier (BWSC) modulate the time-division merged data; and encode the BWSC time-division merged data for transmission to the UE.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the time-division merge is configured to merge the data of the two or more control channels at a QAM symbol level.

16. The apparatus of Claim 14, wherein the time-division merge is configured to merge streams of multiple UEs.

17. The apparatus of Claim 16, wherein the BWSC time-division merged data of the multiple UEs encoded over a wide beam that covers the multiple UEs.

18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the time-division merge is configured to merge the data of the two or more control channels at a bit level.

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the time-division merge is configured to merge the data of the two or more control channels at a coding level among information bits of a plurality of streams.

20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the BWSC modulate is configured to circularly convolve the blocks of time-division merge data including cyclic prefixes using a pulse shaping filter.

21. The apparatus of claims 14 or 20, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate:

extend each block of time-division merged data to generate a block of periodically extended symbols;

filter the block of up-sampled symbols to produce a block of filtered symbols; and truncate the block of filtered symbols to generate the BWSC time-division merge modulated data.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors and memory are further configured to, according to the BWSC modulate:

extend the block of time-division merge data by adding a prefix periodic extension, a postfix periodic extension, or a combination thereof to the block if time- division merge data.