WO2018030996A1 - Appareil et procédé de connexion rapide d'une pluralité de perforateurs de puits - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de connexion rapide d'une pluralité de perforateurs de puits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018030996A1
WO2018030996A1 PCT/US2016/046160 US2016046160W WO2018030996A1 WO 2018030996 A1 WO2018030996 A1 WO 2018030996A1 US 2016046160 W US2016046160 W US 2016046160W WO 2018030996 A1 WO2018030996 A1 WO 2018030996A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
assembly
gun
charge carrier
carrier
casing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2016/046160
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sergio F. GOYENECHE
Original Assignee
Goyeneche Sergio F
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Goyeneche Sergio F filed Critical Goyeneche Sergio F
Priority to PCT/US2016/046160 priority Critical patent/WO2018030996A1/fr
Priority to US15/772,534 priority patent/US20190153827A1/en
Priority to CA3021913A priority patent/CA3021913A1/fr
Publication of WO2018030996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018030996A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/028—Electrical or electro-magnetic connections
    • E21B17/0285—Electrical or electro-magnetic connections characterised by electrically insulating elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
    • E21B43/1185—Ignition systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
    • F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
    • F42D1/05—Electric circuits for blasting

Definitions

  • This invention refers in general to an integral assembly (a "perf assembly") of a plurality of perforating guns ("guns") containing a plurality of shaped charges (“charges").
  • This perf assembly is used for perforation of wells to increase flow.
  • This invention is particularly directed to a new coupling between a plurality of perf guns to allow faster and more reliable assembly and sequential firing of the guns during the perforation process of production wells.
  • This process of well perforation consists of the perforation of the metallic casing of a well, of isolating cement surrounding the casing, and of the layers of rock in the producing formation by means of explosives housed within perforating guns; achieving, through bore holes produced by a plurality of charges, a connection between the depths of the producing zone and the interior of the well. While this invention is generally found in the petroleum production industry, it may be equally applied to other environments where perforation of well casing into the surrounding environment is necessary, such as water wells. Background of the Invention
  • the perforation of producing wells is realized by lowering into the well a perf assembly comprised of a plurality of guns each containing a plurality of charges.
  • the guns are connected by intermediate subs containing pass through openings for wiring.
  • a firing wire coupled with the casing as a ground, carries an electrical signal through the well bore to connect with each gun and allow firing of the detonators.
  • the detonators may be fired through independently addressable switches or through a series of pressure switches and diodes which isolate each gun until the desired firing event.
  • the perf assembly is then retrieved from the well hole and the subs are disassembled and saved for reuse. Undetonated explosives are safely disposed of, and the remaining assembly, consisting of pierced pipes, wires, and electronics are then disposed.
  • One method of independently firing the guns is to use individually addressable detonators such as those described in U.S. Patent 8,091,477 and U.S. Patent 8,230,788.
  • Another method of independently firing the guns is to connect each gun through a pressure sensitive switch which grounds the detonator of each gun until the pressure of the previous gun's firing triggers the switc to an active state.
  • diodes are used to cause eac gun to require a polarity reversal from the signal which fired the previous gun. This prevents the signal from propagating throughout the assembly as the blasts set each pressure switch sequentially, and the pressure switches prevent the later guns from firing before the previous ones.
  • the preferred method is to fire the farthest/lowest gun first. Then, sequentially fire each gun back toward the well opening. This is because the explosion/pressure/debris from one gun's firing can possibly damage adjacent guns. Wires can break or connectors can loosen during Shockwave vibrations, or by blast force. With pressure switches, any damage requires retrieval of the perf assembly for correction, as the rest of the assembly is now non-fireable.
  • Hours are controlled by working against the clock and by penalizing setbacks; to that respect, it is absolutely necessary that the strictest safety norms be followed while handling explosive material; all of these factors together contribute to an increased likelihood that operators may commit errors while wiring or assembling the guns into a perf assembly to be introduced into the well. Further, even if the operators do everything correctly, the actions required to connect the pipe sections that make up the perf assembly may still produce a costly mistake.
  • the perf gun must be disassembled.
  • the operators m st separate the pierced gun casings from the sub connectors joining the guns, remove any wiring and or electronics.
  • the sub connectors between the guns which are costly and reusable, are set aside for later operations.
  • the wiring and electronics are disposed of along with the pierced gun casing and the remaining pails of the perf assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section of an assembly of multiple armed and assembled guns in a manner that is utilized in the industry.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a single gun joined on each end with a tandem sub assembly.
  • FIG. 2A shows an insulator cap assembly prior to mating with the gun or sub.
  • FIG. 2B shows a bottom sub assembly containing a detonator attached to a bottom sub and mated with a perf gun.
  • FIG. 3 shows two guns joined by a sub assembly where in the pressure/diode switch is mounted in the sub assembly and placed in contact with the retractable contact pin installed into an insulating top end assembly of one of the guns.
  • FIG. 4 shows two guns with insulating contact pins in each end joined by a sub assembly incorporating a feed through pin to connect there between.
  • FIG. 5 A, 5B, and 5C are views of a pressure switch end cap for securing a pressure/diode switch in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the innovation.
  • FIG. 5D is a perspective view of a pressure/diode switch and end cap in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the innovation.
  • FIG. 6 and 7 illustrate the assembly of two perf guns joined by a short sub.
  • FIG. 8 is cross section of a perf gun assembly, explosives omitted for clarity, illustrating the use of end caps, insulated contact pins, and an short sub.
  • FIG. 9 is cross section of a plurality of assembled perf guns and a quick change pin box for connection to the filing controls.
  • FIG. 9A is an enlarged cross section view of a perf gun connected to a quick change pin box.
  • tandem subs intermediate sub-assemblies
  • More reliable assembly can be accomplished if there is a safe way to prepare and wire perf gun segments in a controlled environment in such a manner that the segment can be safely transported to a well site and joined with other segments to produce the needed perf gun apparatus for use in the well,
  • a plurality of independent shape charged shots are sequentially positioned and wired to a pressure/diode switch, secured centrally in an end cap at one end, and wired to an insulated polarized-charge carrier contact pin at the distal end to produce a shot assembly.
  • the shot assembly is secured internally in a gun body casing via snap rings fitted to a groove at the internal end of standardized pipe threads internal to and located at the ends of the casing to produce a perforating gun segment.
  • the pressure/diode switch is recessed in the gun body casing, which may be temporarily enclosed with an insulating protector cap to allow safe transportation and storage of the perforating gun assemblies.
  • the distal end's contact pin projects from the end of the gun body casing and may also be temporarily enclosed with an insulating protector cap secured to the internal threads of the body casing allowing safe transportation and storage of the perforating gun assemblies.
  • a plurality of guns with intermediate/tandem sub-assemblies and pressure/diode switches may be pre-assembled before transportation to reduce site prep work.
  • Sub-assemblies maybe manufactured from low-grade steel, plastics, fiberglass, or other material of sufficient strength to support the weight of the gun assembly and securely connect it to the drill pipe.
  • a non-conductive material such as plastics or fiberglass would also require an integrated conductor to ensure proper electrical grounding between the various assemblies.
  • a plastic insulating or a metal bottom end cap attaches to the charge carrier, and approximately centers it within the gun body.
  • the bottom end cap has a central hole through which passes a wire carrying the electrical firing signal.
  • a second wire connects to a grounding pin affixed to the plastic end cap or to the metal end cap which is routed to contact against the gun body to establish a ground. Any of these wires may be broken or disconnected during assembly and therefore prior assembly and testing in is preferred.
  • the perf gun has a recessed insulated contact pin held by a connector end cap in a central orientation at one end.
  • the distal end has a recessed
  • a tandem sub with a feed thorough pin can connect the insulated contact pin of the connector end of one perf gun to the pressure/diode switch of the distal end of the neighboring gun to ensure physical and electrical contact throughout the entire perf gun assembly.
  • only one of the two neighboring guns is configured in accordance with the innovation described herein. That perf gun has a recessed insulated contact pin held by a connector end cap in a central orientation at one end.
  • a tandem sub with a pressure/diode switch is joined to the gun and the wires from the pressure/diode switch are connected to the neighboring gun in a traditional manner of the current practices in the industry.
  • that perf gun has a recessed pressure/diode switch held by a connector end cap in a central orientation.
  • a tandem sub with a feed through pin is joined to the gun and distal end of the feed through pin is connected to the firing wire of the neighboring neighboring gun in a traditional manner of the current practices in the industry.
  • the innovation includes replacing the traditional plastic or metal end caps on each charge carrier with an improved design which is more robust and reliable in the assembly of multiple guns into a single perf assembly as taught in the prior application, and includes an additional design for a robust and reliable end cap which houses a pressure/diode switch.
  • the end cap of one perf gun positions the insulated contact pin to extend just past the end of the gun casing.
  • the end cap of the neighboring perf gun positions the pressure/diode switch slightly recessed within the end of the gun casing.
  • a disposable short sub assembly joins the two neighboring perf guns by threading into the ends of each and thus placing the insulating contact pin of the first perf gun in contact with the pressure/diode switch of the second perf gun.
  • the improved design eliminates the through hole in the center of the bottom end cap, which was previously used to pass wires through for connection, and allows the connection to be made by simply screwing the two guns together with the disposable short sub assembly. This eliminates the difficulty of ensuring proper wiring and operation. Further, the disposable short sub assembly does not need to be retrieved from between the guns after firing, or more importantly in instances of misfires which leads to handling explosives in an unknown state.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-section of an assembly of multiple armed and assembled guns in a manner tha is utilized in the industry.
  • the perf assembly (1) has a firing head (2), a plurality of perforating guns (3), each containing a charge carrier, two tandem subs (4), and a bottom sub (5).
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a single gun joined on each end with a tandem sub assembly.
  • the gun (3) comprises a charge carrier (13) with a plurality of explosive shape charges (16) joined by a detonation cord or fuse (19).
  • the charge carrier ( 13) is supported, substantially centered, within the gun body casing (12) by an insulating top end (14) and an isolating bottom end (15).
  • the shaped charges (16) are shown set in radial fashion, that is to say, perpendicular to the gun wall, to the carrier, and, when the guns are within the well, to the well casing. In the illustration, six shape charges are illustrated, but the actual number and orientation will vary.
  • the shaped charges are explosives set in such a manner that they concentrate the force of the explosion outward, generating a jet of gas (plasma) at high pressure and temperature, that pulls the metal from the interior of the charge and projects it outward until it arrives at the well formation; with this action the charges produce a perforating effect that is variable in proportion to the potency of the charges.
  • plasma jet of gas
  • each intermediate joint or intermediate sub or tandem sub (4) one can see the pressure activated changeover switch (17), from which wires extend to the rest of the assembly.
  • the detonator When the detonator is activated, a detonation is propagated by way of a "fuse”— or detonating cord (19)— to each of the shaped charges in the carrier (13) that burst in simultaneous fashion within the corresponding gun (3).
  • a "fuse” or detonating cord (19)— to each of the shaped charges in the carrier (13) that burst in simultaneous fashion within the corresponding gun (3).
  • the internal details of the assembly are protected by a watertight seal; otherwise the liquids present in the well would enter into the interior of the gun causing problems with the electric and/or ballistic systems.
  • the insulating end plate is represented as being attached to the lower end of the charge carrier (13), and has a tab for connecting the ground wire (22) from the carrier to the interior of the gun housing; furthermore, it has a hole, or central orifice, (23) that permits the passage of a pair of wires, 'live' or 'fire' (F) and 'ground' (G). These wires are connected to the components in the next tandem immediately below to pass the signal throughout the assembly (1, not illustrated) as required by the electronic configuration thereof.
  • the insulating end plate (15) centers the charge carrier (13) and causes the grounding contact (22) to connect with the gun body (12) represented as being attached to the lower end of the charge carrier (13), and has a tab for connecting the ground wire (22) from the earner to the interior of the gun housing; furthermore, it has a hole, or central orifice, (23) that permits the passage of a pair of wires, 'live' or 'fire" (F) and 'ground' (G). These wires are connected to the components in the next tandem immediately below to pass the signal throughout the assembly (1 , not illustrated) as required by the electronic configuration thereof.
  • FIG. 3 shows two guns joined by a sub assembly where in the pressure/diode switch is mounted in the sub assembly and placed in contact with the retractable contact pin installed into an insulating top end assembly of one of the guns.
  • the gun body casing (12) encloses the charge carrier (13) which contains the plurality of explosive shape charges ( 16).
  • a firing signal wire (F) carries the firing signal through the insulated contact pin (500), which is secured in the connector end cap (400) by a nut (550) to secure it and allow movement by the spring (540) which urges it outward to contact the pressure/diode switch (17) secured by a snap ring (600) in the tandem sub (4).
  • the wires (F and G) carry the firing signal from the pressure/diode switch (17) to the neighboring gun.
  • the neighboring gun in this illustrated exemplary assembly does not have an incorporated pressure/diode switch.
  • FIG. 4 shows two guns with insulating contact pins in each end joined by a sub assembly incorporating a feed through pin to connect there between.
  • each gun (12) comprises a snap ring (600) securing a connector end cap (400) having a central insulated contact pin (500) which passes the firing signal to the addressable switch (620) in each gun.
  • the guns are joined by an intermediate sub (4) which has a central feed through pin (610) electrical ly and mechanically linking the insulating contact pins (500) of each gun (12).
  • FIG. 5 A, 5B, and 5C are views of a pressure switch end cap for securing a pressure/diode switch in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the innovation.
  • the pressure switch end cap (700) is manufactured from a durable solid material which is electrically conductive. In the preferred embodiment the end cap is manufactured from aluminum.
  • the pressure switch end cap (700) has an inner face (710) and an opposing outer face (720).
  • the outer face (720) has a recessed O-Ring (730) for sealing against the short sub (not illustrated), when one is used for assembly of guns.
  • the inner face (710) has an edge, the charge carrier mating surface (740) which mates with the charge carrier of the gun, and is secured thereto with pins through the screw holes (745).
  • a guide pin (760) extending from one edge of the pressure switch end cap (700) prevents the cap from turning once it is mated to a guiding groove in the gun body casing (12, not illustrated).
  • the inner edge of the guide pin (760) is beveled (765) to assist in insertion into the gun body casing (12).
  • Guide points (770) aid in centering the cap in the gun body casing while minimizing contact to reduce insertion force required seating the cap.
  • the inner face of the cap includes an opening (780) for the electrical wires of the pressure switch to pass into the gun body casing (12).
  • FIG. 5D is a perspective view of a pressure/diode switch and end cap in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the innovation.
  • the pressure/diode switch (17) has an electrically conductive pressure activator (20).
  • the body of the pressure/diode switch has one or more O- rings (630) which securely fit the central opening of the pressure switch end cap's (700) outer face (720).
  • the pressure switch end cap (700) has another O-ring (730) around the outside of the outer face (720) to contact with the short sub.
  • the guide pin (760) and guide points (770) ensure a centrally located and non-twistable connection with the gun body casing (12).
  • FIG. 6 and 7 illustrate the assembly of two perf guns joined by a short sub.
  • the left side is the upper gun, and the right side is the lower gun.
  • the gun body casings (12) include threads to mate with the pipe threads (940) of the short sub (900).
  • the pressure switch end cap (700) and the connector end cap (400) seat into voids in the short sub (900) so that the pressure/diode switch (17) is in electrical contact (20) with the insulating contact pin (500) of the neighboring gun.
  • O-rings (630) ensure a water tight seal and prevent contaminants from entering the guns at the short sub.
  • FIG. 8 is cross section of a perf gun assembly, explosives omitted for clarity, illustrating the use of end caps, insulated contact pins, and an short sub.
  • the charge carrier (13) with its plurality of shape charge openings (16A) is secured co-axiaily with the gun body casing (12).
  • One end has a pressure switch end cap (700) into which a pressure/diode switch (17, not illustrated) may be placed during final assembly.
  • the distal end of the charge carrier (13) has a connector end cap (400) containing an insulating contact pin (500) inserted into the lower side opening (920) of the short sub (900).
  • the short sub (900) with O-rings (630) is threaded (940) to the end of the gun body casing (12) securing the charge carrier (13) therein.
  • a plurality of recesses for O-rings (950) on the upper side of the short sub (900) ensure water tight seals when the neighboring gun is threaded (940) on to secure the pressure/diode switch (17) in the upper side opening (930).
  • FIG. 9 is cross section of a plurality of assembled perf guns and a quick change pin box for connection to the firing controls.
  • FIG. 9A is an enlarged cross section view of a perf gun connected to a quick change pin box.
  • the upper side opening (930) of the short sub (900) is mated to the right side of FIG. 9 with the pressure/diode switch (17) being placed in contact with the insulated connector pin (500) of the lower side gun.
  • a terminating sub (670) connects to the short sub (900) to secure a quick change pin box assembly (800) to the gun.
  • An extending pin (810) and extension spring (820) are secured with a retainer clip (840) to allow the Quick connector pin (830) to protrude from the top of the entire gun assembly for connection of the firing signal wires.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil et un procédé destinés à être utilisés dans un ensemble perforateur pour perforer des puits, comprenant une pluralité de perforateurs à charges creuses alignés de manière centrale. L'appareil permet un assemblage plus facile et plus fiable sur le site avec des connexions plus sécurisées. L'appareil assure la conduction des signaux électriques et de la pression à travers les bouchons d'extrémité, tout en empêchant les débris de l'explosion d'un perforateur de pénétrer dans les connexions électriques et les composants du perforateur suivant et d'endommager ce dernier. Les bouchons d'extrémité sont interconnectés par des raccords intermédiaires spécialisés ou par des raccords intermédiaires industriels standard.
PCT/US2016/046160 2016-08-09 2016-08-09 Appareil et procédé de connexion rapide d'une pluralité de perforateurs de puits WO2018030996A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2016/046160 WO2018030996A1 (fr) 2016-08-09 2016-08-09 Appareil et procédé de connexion rapide d'une pluralité de perforateurs de puits
US15/772,534 US20190153827A1 (en) 2016-08-09 2016-08-09 Apparatus and Method for Quick Connect of a Plurality of Guns for Well Perforation
CA3021913A CA3021913A1 (fr) 2016-08-09 2016-08-09 Appareil et procede de connexion rapide d'une pluralite de perforateurs de puits

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2016/046160 WO2018030996A1 (fr) 2016-08-09 2016-08-09 Appareil et procédé de connexion rapide d'une pluralité de perforateurs de puits

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WO2018030996A1 true WO2018030996A1 (fr) 2018-02-15

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US (1) US20190153827A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3021913A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018030996A1 (fr)

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USD873373S1 (en) 2018-07-23 2020-01-21 Oso Perforating, Llc Perforating gun contact device
USD877286S1 (en) 2018-07-23 2020-03-03 Oso Perforating, Llc Perforating gun contact ring
WO2020112983A1 (fr) * 2018-11-29 2020-06-04 Hunting Titan, Inc. Tandem de perforateurs prêt à l'emploi universel
US20230045109A1 (en) * 2019-02-26 2023-02-09 Sergio F Goyeneche Direct Connectingh Gun Assemblies for Drilling Well Perforations
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