WO2018029051A1

WO2018029051A1 - Drainage render

Info

Publication number: WO2018029051A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/069493
Authority: WO
Inventors: H. C. Kurt SCHÜMCHEN
Original assignee: Interbran Systems Ag
Priority date: 2016-08-10
Filing date: 2017-08-02
Publication date: 2018-02-15

Abstract

The invention relates to a coating system for draining off water, more particularly for draining surfaces of building structures such as tunnels, the system having: (a) at least one hydrophilic layer; and (b) at least one hydrophobic layer. The hydrophobic layer has at least one render and the hydrophilic layer is situated between the building structure and the hydrophobic layer.

Description

drainage cleaning

The present invention relates to the technical field of water drainage on buildings.

In particular, the present invention relates to a coating system for water drainage, in particular for surface drainage of buildings.

Moreover, the present invention relates to a building material dry mixture for producing a hydrophilic coating, in particular for producing a hydrophilic and / or water-conducting layer of a surface drainage and their use.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a building material dry mixture for the production of a hydrophobic coating, in particular a water-impermeable layer and their use.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a coating composition, in particular for the coating of surface drainage and a drainage system.

Buildings extending in the ground often encounter water-bearing earth layers, so that the structure comes into contact with ground or mountain water and, if insufficiently insulated, wets against liquid water. In addition, the structure usually disturbs the flow of ground or mountain water, so that a not inconsiderable water pressure can build up on the structure, which can endanger the statics of the structure, for example in the case of tunnels. Modern tunnels, which run through water-bearing earth layers, therefore generally have a multi-shell structure in which an external, earth contacting layer is not sealed against liquid water. Through this outer layer, usually a layer of shotcrete, which is applied to secure and consolidate the soil, seeps the Grundbzw. Mountain water through. On the inner side of the tunnel, a drainage layer, which consists of a water-conducting layer and a watertight layer, is usually connected between the outer layer and the inner tunnel arch. The water- conductive layer is usually formed by nonwovens, knitted or plastic sheets and opens at the tunnel floor in drainage pipes, in which the water is collected and can drain. The watertight layer is usually formed by foils and prevents the moisture from penetrating further into the interior of the tunnel, but instead is conducted in the direction of the drainage pipes.

Such drainage systems usually have good drainage and water drainage properties and are ideally operational over the entire service life of the structure. The problem with this type of drainage, however, is that once occurring defects are difficult or impossible to repair, since the drainage between the outer layer, in particular the shotcrete layer, as well as the inner tunnel vault is arranged and therefore no longer for simple repair and renovation is accessible.

Furthermore, when laying the water pipe, d. H. the water-conducting layer and the geomembrane special care be taken, the webs are papered as possible without cavities on the shotcrete substrate. Otherwise, the formation of sacks threatens, which on the one hand during the attachment of the drainage layer leads to increased risk of demolition at the attachment points and on the other hand prevents a frictional connection of outer layer and inner vault.

In addition, there is often also a sintering of the drainage layer, ie minerals dissolved in the mountain water, in particular substances released from the shotcrete outer shell, can precipitate in the drainage layer and the drainage pipes and thus lead to encrustations which impede or stop the water transport in the drainage layer bring. In tunnels, which due to the low expected water pressure no sophisticated drainage system between outer shell and inner vault have, as well as older tunnels, which have no or only insufficient drainage, there is a need to prevent damage to the building by penetrating water or salt deposits. For example, in tunnels which are not exposed to high water pressure by groundwater or mountain water, water leaks often occur, especially at drip points, since cracks in the tunnel wall form over the course of the service life, in particular in concrete tunnels. Through these cracks, which often are only microscopically small, moisture penetrates through the concrete into the interior of the tunnel and can there on the one hand to damage the building as a whole and on the other hand in the case of road tunnels endanger the safety of the road. Although concrete usually withstood during the life of a structure, in particular a tunnel, the corrosion caused by the water without significant damage to the construction, by the entry of ground or mountain water in the concrete but in addition to the already dissolved in water substances further minerals removed from the concrete. These mostly inorganic substances are then transported to the inside of the tunnel, where they precipitate as a result of the evaporation of the water and draw in additional water due to the osmotic pressure, so that finally considerable damage to the structure can occur. A simple coating of the tunnel interior with water-impermeable coatings is often not possible, as this would lead to a water accumulation on the outside of the tunnel.

There is therefore a need for coating systems, in particular drainage systems, which are to be used as flexibly as possible in a large number of structures and, furthermore, are easy to repair or to repair in the event of damage.

For example, WO 86/02661 A1 describes a surface drainage system which has a drainage layer consisting of a spatula-capable coating system based on an epoxy resin, a polyamine hardener and fillers having cavity-forming fillers and a further filler layer or fiber-containing filler layer based on a polyamine-cured epoxy resin. Although the system disclosed in WO 86/02661 A1 is suitable in particular for the renovation of existing tunnel structures, it has the serious disadvantage that the matrices of the drainage and the cover layer are formed on the basis of epoxy resins which are combustible as organic compounds , The coatings disclosed in WO 86/02661 A1 can therefore not be used in tunnels, in particular in motor vehicle tunnels. In addition, this coating system in case of damage is not easy to remove and rehabilitate.

Thus, there is still a lack of a coating system, in particular a surface drainage, which is suitable for drainage or water drainage from or to buildings, in particular tunnels, and moreover flexibly for a multitude of applications. number of buildings and under various circumstances. In particular, no coating system has hitherto been known which can be applied to the inner layer or the inner arch of a tunnel, as a result of which the structurally complex shell-like structure of the tunnel wall is left, and which is not flammable. Furthermore, all previously known surface drainage systems are not easy to remove or rehabilitate.

The present invention is therefore based on the object, a coating system, in particular for the preparation of a surface drainage, available to supply t) len, wherein the previously described, occurring in connection with the prior art problems and disadvantages are at least largely avoided or at least mitigated ,

A further object of the present invention is to provide a coating system which can be used flexibly and can be used in particular for the rehabilitation of already existing tunnels.

Likewise, another object of the present invention is to provide non-flammable coating systems for surface drainage, in particular of tunnels, which are easy to remove and / or easy to clean up.

The present invention according to a first aspect of the present invention is thus a coating system for water dissipation, in particular for surface drainage of buildings according to claim 1; Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaims.

Another object of the present invention according to a second aspect of the present invention is a building material dry mixture for producing a hydrophilic coating, in particular for producing the hydrophilic and / or water-conducting layer of a surface drainage according to the relevant product claim; Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaims.

35 Yet another object of the present invention according to a third aspect of the present invention is the use of the aforementioned building material dry mixture for the preparation of a water-permeable plaster according to the relevant use claim. Yet another subject of the present invention according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is a building material dry mixture for producing a hydrophobic coating, preferably for producing a hydrophobic layer for a surface drainage, according to the relevant product claim; Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaims.

Another object of the present invention according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the use of the aforementioned building material dry mixture for producing a hydrophobic plaster according to the relevant use claim.

Again, another object of the present invention according to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a coating composition for coating surface drainage according to the relevant product claim; Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaims. In addition, a further subject matter of the present invention according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the use of a coating composition for producing a water-impermeable layer for surface drainage according to the relevant use claim. Yet another object of the present invention is the use of a coating system for drainage of structures, in particular tunnels, and / or for drainage of water on structures, in particular tunnels according to the relevant use claim. Finally, another object of the present invention is a drainage system for drainage of structures, in particular tunnels, and / or for water discharge to buildings according to the relevant product claim; Further advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaims.

It goes without saying that particular features, features, designs and embodiments as well as advantages or the like, which hereinafter - for the purpose of avoiding unnecessary repetitions - are only made into an invention. of course also apply mutatis mutandis in relation to the other aspects of the invention, without the need for an explicit mention. Furthermore, it goes without saying that in the following statement of values, numbers and ranges, the relevant values, numbers and ranges are not restrictive; it is obvious to the person skilled in the art that it is possible to deviate from the stated ranges or specifications on a case-by-case basis or application-related basis without departing from the scope of the present invention.

In addition, all of the values or parameters specified below or the like can basically be determined or determined using standardized or explicitly stated determination methods or methods of determination familiar to the person skilled in the art.

Moreover, it is self-evident to the person skilled in the art that percentages by weight or by volume are selected by the person skilled in the art in such a way that 100% result in total; However, this goes without saying.

This is preceded by the present invention described in more detail below.

The subject of the present invention is thus - according to an aspect of the present invention - a coating system for drainage of water, in particular for surface drainage, on buildings

(A) at least one hydrophilic layer, wherein the hydrophilic layer has at least one plaster, and

(b) at least one hydrophobic layer, wherein the hydrophobic layer has at least one plaster,

wherein the hydrophilic layer is disposed between the structure and the hydrophobic layer.

The coating system according to the invention is outstandingly suitable for coating tunnel walls and ceilings, the coating system according to the invention preferably being located close to the inner surface of the tunnel, ie is arranged at the interface tunnel wall or ceiling / air. The coating system according to the invention may be coated with further decorative or functional layers. The coating system according to the invention is outstandingly suitable both for the rehabilitation of older tunnels, in which there is a collapse of mountain water, as well as surface drainage in new tunnels. Drainage systems commonly used in tunneling are mounted between an outer concrete sheath adjacent to the surrounding soil and an inner sheath, the inner wall of the tunnel, and generally consist of a synthetic resin layer or nonwoven material capable of absorbing and discharging water and a water barrier on base a plastic film. On the one hand, such systems are highly effective, but on the other hand have the disadvantage that, for example, damage can not be repaired or is possible only with considerable effort.

In addition, all drainage systems tend over time to the Versinte- tion, that is, the cavities through which the water is derived, settle by deposition of salts and minerals. This is due to inorganic substances contained in the water, which are precipitated liquid / gaseous at the phase boundary by reaction with oxygen, the high pH caused by the concrete or by evaporation.

The coating system according to the invention is in contrast to the conventional systems on the inside of the tunnel wall and thus easily accessible and can be exchanged or repaired without problems if necessary.

In addition, the system according to the invention is inexpensive and space-saving to install, so that its application is also desirable from an economic point of view.

In the context of the present invention, the coating system usually has a thickness of 1.5 to 30 cm, in particular 2.5 to 20 cm, preferably 5 to 15 cm, preferably 8 to 12 cm.

Consequently, the coating system according to the invention can be used for a large number of applications, without having to undertake major reconstruction measures on the structures, such as the tunnels. Furthermore, in the context of the present invention, both the hydrophilic layer and the hydrophobic layer can be completely formed on the basis of plasters, which enables a particularly simple application and moreover a very flexible adaptation to the respective conditions, for example with regard to the layer thicknesses used, makes possible.

In the context of the present invention, the term "hydrophobic" is to be understood as meaning that a substance and / or surface only undergoes very little interaction with liquid water and is wetted by it as little as possible. Hydrophobic surfaces usually have a contact angle to water of more than 90 °.

By contrast, the term "hydrophilic" in the context of the present invention is to be understood as meaning a water-affine substance or surface which undergoes strong interactions with water. For example, hydrophilic substances absorb liquid water while hydrophilic surfaces have a contact angle with water of less than 10 °.

As far as the hydrophilic layer of the coating system according to the invention is concerned, it can be designed in a variety of ways. The hydrophilic layer usually has porous particles, in particular mineral-based and / or plastic-based porous particles.

The shape of the particles which are contained in the hydrophilic layer is almost arbitrary. For example, the particles used may be granular or spherical; however, it is also possible to use, for example, tubes or fibers. The particles are preferably porous, ie they have internal cavities through which liquid water can be passed. In the context of the present invention, the particles of the hydrophilic layer are preferably made hydrophilic. Likewise, it may be provided that the particles of the hydrophilic layer preferably consist of or contain mineral or ceramic materials. In the context of the present invention, it has proven useful if the porous particles have particle sizes in the range from 0.1 to 10 mm, in particular 0.5 to 8 mm, preferably 1 to 6 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm. With particles in the size ranges mentioned above can be coating systems, in particular Plasters, which on the one hand are very easy to process and on the other hand have excellent water pipe properties.

The porous particles usually have an average pore size in the range of 50 to 200 μm, in particular 80 to 150 μm, preferably 90 to 120 μm. Particularly preferably, the porous particles have an average pore size of 100 μιη. Particles with the aforementioned pore sizes are sufficiently capillary active to ensure rapid discharge of water from the building wall.

The hydrophilic layer usually has the particles in amounts of from 25 to 80% by weight, in particular from 30 to 75% by weight, preferably from 35 to 65% by weight, preferably from 40 to 60% by weight, based on the hydrophilic layer, on. Particularly good results are obtained in the context of the present invention if the hydrophilic layer contains at least one lightweight aggregate, in particular with a maximum particle density of 2.0 kg / dm ³ . In this context, it has proven particularly useful if the lightweight aggregate comprises the porous particles or consists of these. It is thus preferred according to the invention if the porous particles are a lightweight aggregate. In the context of the present invention, a "light aggregate" is to be understood as a mixture of unbroken and / or broken particles with a porous structure of natural and / or mineral substances. When the coating system contains a lightweight aggregate, it is generally selected from the group of volcanic rock, perlite, in particular expanded perlite, vermiculite, in particular expanded vermiculite, pumice, foam and expanded glass, expanded clay, expandable slate, tuff, expanded mica, lava clays, lava sand and their mixtures. The light aggregate is preferably selected from perlite and / or vermiculite, in particular expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite, preferably perlite, in particular expanded perlite. The use of lightweight aggregates makes it possible to obtain coating systems with a low intrinsic weight which, owing to the pore structure of the lightweight aggregate, have particularly good water absorption and water conductivities.

In general, the hydrophilic layer has a binder, in particular a mineral-based binder, in amounts of 20 to 75 wt .-%, in particular 25 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 65 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 60 wt. -%, attracted to the hydrophilic layer. It has proven particularly useful in this context if the mineral-based binder is a lime-based and / or cement-based binder or binder system. In the context of the present invention, it has moreover proven useful if the hydrophilic layer consists of at least one plaster, in particular exactly one plaster. If the hydrophilic layer consists of one or more plasters, the hydrophilic layer can be applied particularly simply on the one hand and, on the other hand, can be adapted individually to the respective circumstances, in particular tunnel geometries.

In general, the hydrophilic layer has a thickness of 1 to 15 cm, in particular 2 to 10 cm, preferably 3 to 9 cm. In the context of the present invention, it has moreover proven useful if the hydrophilic layer has a water conductivity in the range of 0.5 to 10 kg / m ² h ^0.5 , in particular 1 to 8 kg / m ² h ^0.5 , preferably 2 up to 5 kg / m ² h ^0.5 . The hydrophilic layer of the coating system according to the invention thus has Wasserleitfähigkeiten, which make it possible to derive even larger amounts of water, which seep into the structure.

As far as the hydrophobic layer of the coating system according to the invention is concerned, it can be designed in a variety of ways. Particularly good results are obtained, however, if the hydrophobic layer is in particular at least substantially impermeable to water. In the context of the present invention, the term "impermeable to water" is to be understood as meaning that the hydrophobic layer prevents the passage of liquid water and moreover is not or only to a small extent wetted by liquid water. The hydrophobic layer is thus a barrier to liquid water, which ensures that the water which is absorbed by the hydrophilic layer is not released into the environment, in particular does not drip or seep into the interior of the tunnel, but rather in particular under the action of gravity passed through the hydrophilic layer and preferably collected in special collection and Ableitevorrichtungen and removed from the building.

As far as the thickness of the hydrophobic layer is concerned, it can vary within wide ranges depending on the particular circumstances. customarily However, the hydrophobic layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm, in particular 1 to 3 cm, preferably 1 to 2 cm, on. It has been found that with hydrophobic layers having thicknesses in the aforementioned ranges, an effective barrier to liquid water can be formed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrophobic layer comprises particles.

As far as the particle sizes of the particles used in the hydrophobic layer are concerned, they may likewise vary within wide ranges. In the context of the present invention, however, particularly good results are obtained if the particles have particle sizes in the range from 1 to 10 mm, in particular 2 to 8 mm, preferably 2 to 7 mm, preferably 3 to 6 mm. It has surprisingly been found that with relatively coarse particles in the hydrophobic layer particularly good results can be achieved both with regard to the adhesion of the hydrophobic layer to the hydrophilic layer and with regard to the water barrier effect of the hydrophobic layer.

If the hydrophobic layer comprises particles, the hydrophobic layer generally contains the particles in amounts of 15 to 85% by weight, in particular 20 to 80% by weight, preferably 30 to 70% by weight, preferably 35 to 50% by weight .-%, based on the hydrophobic layer on.

Particularly good results are obtained in this context if the particles are hydrophobic. Hydrophobic particles are accessible, for example, by rendering the particles hydrophobic.

As far as the hydrophobization of the particles is concerned, this can be carried out by a variety of suitable methods. Within the scope of the present invention, particularly good results are obtained when the particles are rendered hydrophobic by treatment with oils, silicones, in particular silicone resins, and / or silanes, in particular alkylsilanes, preferably by treatment with silicones, silicone resins and / or silanes. In particular, silicones or silicone resins and silanes, in particular alkyl silanes, can be bonded particularly well and permanently to the particles used.

In the context of the present invention, it is furthermore preferred if the hydrophobic layer has at least one light aggregate, in particular a hydrogen Rophoben lightweight aggregate, preferably with a maximum grain density of 2.0 kg / dm ³ contains. Particularly good results are obtained in this context if the hydrophobic particles are formed by the lightweight aggregate, ie consist of this.

As far as the chemical structure or the chemical nature of the lightweight aggregate used in the hydrophobic layer is concerned, it can also vary widely depending on the respective application requirements. In general, however, the light addition of the hydrophobic layer in the context of the present invention is selected from the group of, in particular, hydrophobicized volcanic rock, perlite, in particular expanded perlite, vermiculite, in particular expanded vermiculite, pumice, foamed and expanded glass, expanded clay, expandable shale, tuff , Inflated mica, lava rocks, lava sand and their mixtures. Particularly good results are obtained in this context if the light aggregate is selected from perlite and / or vermiculite, in particular expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite, preferably perlite, in particular expanded perlite. The above-mentioned mineral-based lightweight aggregates allow a good incorporation, in particular in plaster systems, and increase the barrier properties of the hydrophobic layer compared to liquid water, in particular in the case of the use of hydrophobized particles.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the hydrophobic layer contains a hydrophobizing agent, in particular selected from silanes, silane hydrolysates, silanols and siloxanes.

In general, the hydrophobic layer has a binder, in particular a mineral-based binder, in amounts of from 15 to 85% by weight, in particular from 20 to 80% by weight, preferably from 30 to 70% by weight, preferably from 50 to 65% by weight. %, based on the hydrophobic layer.

In the context of the present invention, particularly good results are obtained if the hydrophobic layer consists of at least one plaster, in particular exactly one plaster. Especially when using coating systems which have both a hydrophilic layer in the form of a plaster and a hydrophobic layer in the form of a plaster, on the one hand particularly good water-dissipation properties can be achieved, on the other hand such purely mineral-based coating systems are non-combustible, for which reason They can be used excellently in tunneling. According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, it may be provided that a further layer, in particular a water-impermeable layer, preferably in the form of a water-impermeable coating, is arranged on the hydrophobic layer. The water-permeable layer or coating is preferably arranged on the side of the hydrophobic layer, which lies opposite the hydrophilic layer. The water-impermeable layer is usually applied directly to the hydrophobic layer, ie the water-impermeable layer is in direct contact with the hydrophobic layer.

In this context, it has been proven that the water-impermeable layer, in particular the coating, is permeable to water vapor. The water-impermeable layer, which is preferably applied to the hydrophobic layer in the context of the present invention, is preferably impermeable to liquid water but permeable to water vapor, whereby liquid water which penetrates and passes in small amounts the hydrophobic layer of the coating system according to the invention should be when water vapor can be released to the environment. In this way, the congestion of moisture in the hydrophobic layer or between the hydrophobic layer and the water-impermeable layer is prevented, which could lead to damage of the hydrophobic layer.

As far as the water vapor permeability of the water-impermeable layer is concerned, it has proven useful if the water-impermeable layer has a water vapor diffusion resistance factor, determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 12542, in the range from 4 to 12, in particular 5 to 10, preferably 6 to 8 ,

As far as the layer thickness of the water-impermeable layer is concerned, it can of course likewise vary within wide ranges, depending on the respective requirements. Usually, however, the water-impermeable layer has a layer thickness in the range of 20 to 500 μm, in particular 50 to 400 μm, preferably 100 to 300 μm, preferably 150 to 250 μm. Moreover, it can be provided in the context of the present invention that the water-impermeable layer has an extensibility of up to 300%, in particular 250%, preferably 200%, preferably 160%. Likewise, it is possible that the water-impermeable layer has an elasticity in the range from 50 to 300%, in particular 100 to 250%, preferably 120 to 200%, preferably 140 to 160%.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water-impermeable layer is crack-bridging. The impermeable layer thus makes it possible to compensate for minor imperfections which can occur in the hydrophilic or hydrophobic layer, so that the functionality of the coating system is largely retained. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the water-impermeable layer

(a) at least one organic polymer and

(B) at least one filler and / or at least one pigment

having.

As far as the amount of organic polymer in the water-impermeable layer is concerned, it can of course vary widely. However, particularly good results are achieved if the water-impermeable layer contains the polymer in amounts of from 25 to 95% by weight, in particular 40 to 90% by weight, preferably 50 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight. , based on the water-impermeable layer.

As fillers are mineral fillers, but also for example ceramic hollow microspheres or hollow glass microspheres suitable. Preferably, the fillers and pigments in the water-impermeable layer are hydrophobic. The amounts of filler or pigment in the water-impermeable layer can naturally vary within wide ranges. However, it has proved useful if the water-impermeable layer contains the filler and / or the pigment in amounts of 5 to 75% by weight, in particular 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 15 to 50% by weight, preferably 15 to 40 % By weight, based on the water-impermeable layer.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pigment is an inorganic particulate pigment. In the context of the present invention, it is furthermore preferred if the water-impermeable layer contains at least one filler and at least one pigment. According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a primer layer is disposed between the hydrophilic layer and the structure.

In this context, it has proven useful when the hydrophilic layer directly contacts the primer layer. Furthermore, it can be provided that the primer layer is arranged directly on the structure, in particular applied to this.

The primer layer has the properties of an adhesive layer or a bonding agent and improves the adhesion of the coating system according to the invention on the substrate, in particular the building. The primer layer is as permeable to water as possible in order to avoid the buildup of water pressure on the structure and not to reduce the water-conducting properties of the coating system according to the invention.

As far as the layer thickness of the primer layer used according to the invention is concerned, it has proven useful if the primer layer has a layer thickness in the range of 10 to 100 μm, in particular 20 to 80 μm, preferably 30 to 70 μm, preferably 40 to 60 μm.

Particularly good results are obtained in the context of the present invention if the primer layer is based on at least one organic and / or inorganic polymer, in particular an inorganic polymer.

If the primer layer is formed on the basis of an organic polymer, then it has proven useful if the polymer of the primer layer is selected from polyurethanes and polyesters and mixtures thereof. In the event that the primer layer contains an inorganic polymer, it has proven useful if the inorganic polymer is a polysilicate, in particular sodium silicate and / or potassium silicate. In this context, especially good results obtained when the inorganic polysilicate is a water glass, in particular sodium and / or potassium water glass.

The figure descriptions according to FIG

1 shows a cross section through the coating system according to the invention, which is applied to a tunnel wall.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail of Fig. 1, from which a preferred

Layer sequence of the coating system of the invention is apparent; such as

3 is a perspective view of a coating system applied to a tunnel wall according to the invention.

Another object of the present invention - according to a second aspect of the present invention - is a building material dry mixture for producing a hydrophilic coating, in particular for producing a hydrophilic and / or water-conducting layer of surface drainage, the building material dry mixture porous particles, in particular mineral-based and / or plastic-based porous Particles, in amounts of 25 to 80 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture having.

With the building material dry mixture according to the invention for producing a hydrophilic coating, it is particularly easy to produce a water-conducting layer or a surface drainage. The building material dry mixture according to the invention is almost unlimited storage stability and can be processed, for example, after mixing with water as commercial plaster.

As far as the amount of porous particles in the building material dry mix according to the invention is concerned, this can vary within wide ranges. However, it has proven useful if the building material dry mixture has porous particles in amounts of 30 to 75 wt .-%, in particular 35 to 65 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 60 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture.

As far as the particle size of the porous particles in the building material dry mixture according to the invention is concerned, it can likewise vary within wide ranges. Expediently, the porous particles generally have grain sizes in the range from 0.1 to 10 mm, in particular 0.5 to 8 mm, preferably 1 to 6 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm, on. Particles having the aforementioned particle sizes can be processed in an excellent manner in cleaning and also ensure a sufficiently large water conductivity of the resulting hydrophilic coating.

Particularly good results are obtained in the context of the present invention when the porous particles are a lightweight aggregate, in particular with a grain density of at most 2.0 kg / dm ³ . If the building material dry mixture according to the invention contains a lightweight aggregate, it is usually selected from the group consisting of volcanic rock, perlite, especially expanded perlite, vermiculite, in particular expanded vermiculite, pumice, foam and expanded glass, expanded clay, expandable slate, tuff, inflated mica, lava, lava sand and mixtures thereof, preferably perlite and / or vermiculite, in particular expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite, preferably perlite, in particular expanded perlite.

In general, the dry building material mixture has at least one binder composition, in particular a mineral-based binder composition.

Particularly good results are obtained in this context when the building material dry mixture, the binder composition in amounts of 20 to 75 wt .-%, in particular 25 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 65 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 60 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture contains. Binder proportions in the abovementioned quantitative ranges make it possible to produce binder systems which, on the one hand, are easy to process and have the necessary stability, while on the other hand permit good water supply due to the high proportion of porous particles.

Good results are obtained in the context of the present invention if the binder composition comprises at least one cement-based binder, in particular cement, preferably Portland cement, preferably white cement.

In this connection, it has proven useful if the binder composition contains the cement-based binder in amounts of from 1 to 25% by weight, in particular especially 5 to 25 wt .-%, preferably 8 to 25 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 20 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture containing.

Likewise, it may be provided in the context of the present invention that the binder composition comprises at least one lime-based binder, in particular hydraulic lime and / or hydrated lime, preferably hydraulic lime.

When the binder composition comprises a lime-based binder, the binder composition usually comprises the lime-based binder in amounts of 10 to 74% by weight, in particular 15 to 67% by weight, preferably 20 to 57% by weight, preferably 25 to 50% by weight .-%, based on the building material dry mixture on. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the building material dry mixture comprises at least one cement-based binder and at least one lime-based binder. By using at least one cement-based and at least one lime-based binder, it is possible to obtain particularly resistant binder systems which are easy to apply.

As far as the ratio of cement-based binder to lime-based binder in the building material dry mixture according to the invention is concerned, this naturally can vary within wide ranges. However, it has proven useful if the binder composition has a weight-based ratio of cement-based binder to lime-based binder in the range from 5: 1 to 1:10, in particular 3: 1 to 1: 8, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 3. Moreover, it can be provided in the context of the present invention that the building material dry mixture contains fibers, in particular selected from metal fibers and mineral fibers, preferably mineral fibers. The mineral fibers may, for example, be calcium silicate fibers or glass fibers. By adding fibers to the building material dry mixture according to the invention, on the one hand, the water-conducting properties of the hydrophilic layer can be improved and, on the other hand, the mechanical stability and resistance of the resulting plaster can be further increased. If the building material dry mixture contains fibers, the dry building material mixture usually contains the fibers in quantities of 5 to 20% by weight, in particular 8 to 17% by weight, preferably 10 to 15% by weight, based on the building material dry mixture ,

Furthermore, it can be provided in the context of the present invention that the building material dry mixture contains at least one additive, in particular at least one additive. In this context, particularly good results are obtained when the additive is selected from the group of condensers, thickeners, retarders, accelerators, stabilizers (stabilizers), rheology agents, water retention additives (water retention agents), dispersants, sealants, air entraining agents and mixtures thereof , The dry building material mixture generally contains the additive in amounts of from 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.3 to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 1% by weight. -%, based on the building material dry mixture.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the building material dry mixture

(A) at least one light aggregate, in particular expanded perlite, in amounts of 25 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 75 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 65 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 60 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mix,

(B) at least one cement-based binder in amounts of 1 to 25% by weight, in particular 5 to 25% by weight, preferably 8 to 25% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight, based on the building material dry mixture,

(C) at least one lime-based binder in amounts of from 10 to 74% by weight, in particular from 15 to 67% by weight, preferably from 20 to 57% by weight, preferably from 25 to 50% by weight, based on the building material dry mixture, and

(D) at least one additive in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0, 1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 1 wt. %, based on the building material dry mixture on.

As far as the bulk density of the building material dry mixture according to the invention is concerned, this can of course be dependent on the respective conditions of the individual components vary widely over a wide range. However, it has been found that particularly good usable building material dry mixtures usually has a bulk density in the range of 200 to 550 kg / m ³ , in particular 250 to 550 kg / m ³ , preferably 300 to 500 kg / m ³ , preferably 300 to 400 kg / m ³ , show.

For further details regarding this aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the above explanations concerning the coating system according to the invention, which apply correspondingly to the building material dry mixture according to the invention for producing a hydrophilic layer.

Yet another object of the present invention - according to a d r i t t e n aspect of the present invention - is the use of a previously described building material dry mixture for producing a water-permeable plaster, in particular the hydrophilic and / or water-permeable layer of a surface drainage.

With a water-permeable or water-conducting plaster, water can be much simpler and more uniformly derived from structures, in particular tunnels, than would be the case, for example, with larger cavities, in particular pipes or tubes. This is largely due to the capillary action of the porous particles preferably used in the building material dry mixture according to the invention. For further details of this aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the above aspects of the invention to the above, which apply correspondingly with respect to the inventive use.

Another object of the present invention - according to one aspect of the present invention - is a building material dry mixture for producing a hydrophobic coating, preferably for producing a hydrophobic layer, for example a water barrier, a surface drainage, wherein the building material dry mixture has hydrophobic particles and / or a hydrophobing agent.

The building material dry mixture according to the invention for producing a hydrophobic coating is outstandingly suitable for producing a mineral-based plaster, which is simply applied to the hydrophilic layer of an areal surface. Drainage can be applied. The application of a plaster allows the application even in difficult to reach places or on uneven surfaces and can be flexibly adapted to the respective requirements. In general, the building material dry mixture has particles in amounts of from 15 to 85 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 50 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture on ,

The particles can either be hydrophobic or hydrophobic or have hydrophilic properties. If particles with hydrophilic properties are used, the dry building material mixture must contain at least one hydrophobing agent in order to allow the production of a hydrophobic layer. If hydrophobic particles are used, the building material dry mixture may likewise be added with a hydrophobizing agent to improve the hydrophobicity.

As far as the particle size of the particles used in the building material dry mixture is concerned, it can naturally vary within wide ranges. However, particularly good results are obtained if the particles have particle sizes in the range from 1 to 10 mm, in particular 2 to 8 mm, preferably 2 to 7 mm, preferably 3 to 6 mm. The particles contained in the building material dry mixture for producing the hydrophobic coating can thus have slightly larger particle sizes than the particles optionally used in the hydrophilic layer.

Particularly good results are obtained in the context of the present invention, when the particles in the building material dry mixture for producing a hydrophobic coating, a lightweight aggregate, in particular with a grain density of at most 2.0 kg / dm ³ , are.

In this context, particularly good results are obtained when the light aggregate is selected from the group consisting of volcanic rock, perlite, in particular expanded perlite, vermiculite, in particular expanded vermiculite, pumice, foam and expanded glass, expanded clay, swelling schist, tuff, expanded mica, lavakies, Lava sand and their mixtures. Particularly good results are achieved in this context if the light aggregate is selected from the group of perlite and / or vermiculite, in particular expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite, preferably perlite, in particular expanded perlite. If hydrophobic particles are used in the building material dry mixture for producing a hydrophobic coating in the context of the present invention, it may be that the lightweight aggregate is hydrophobicized.

The lightweight aggregate or the particles in general can be rendered hydrophobic by any suitable method. Usually, however, the particles or the lightweight aggregate are rendered hydrophobic by treatment with oils, silicones, in particular silicone resins, and / or silanes, in particular alkyl silanes. However, particularly good results are obtained in this context if the particles or the lightweight aggregate are hydrophobized by treatment with silicones and / or silanes. In particular, the use of silicones or silicone resins and silanes allows a particularly effective hydrophobing and solid chemical bonding of the hydrophobing agent to the particles.

Likewise, however, it can also be provided that the building material dry mixture contains at least one hydrophobizing agent, in particular selected from the group of silanes, silane hydrolyzates, silanols and / or siloxanes and mixtures thereof. Particularly good results are obtained when the hydrophobizing agent is selected from silanols and siloxanes and mixtures thereof. The hydrophobizing agent can be used either in addition to or as an alternative to the hydrophobic or hydrophobicized particles. If, however, the building material dry mixture according to the invention does not have any hydrophobic particles for the production of a hydrophobic coating, it is imperative that a hydrophobicizing agent be added in order to produce the hydrophobic properties if the use of organic polymers is to be dispensed with. Although it is in principle possible to produce hydrophobic layers or coatings based on organic polymers, however, the organic polymers are generally flammable, so that, especially when used in tunnels, the combustibility of the resulting coating would lead to considerable disadvantages.

In the context of the present invention, it may be provided that the dry building material mixture contains the hydrophobizing agent in amounts of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.2 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.3 to 1% by weight, relating to the building material dry mixture containing.

The dry building material mixture usually has at least one binder, in particular a binder composition, preferably a mineral-based binder. based binder composition, on. The use of mineral binder compositions is particularly advantageous with regard to the flammability of the coating. In the context of the present invention, it may be provided that the dry building material mixture, the binder composition in amounts of 15 to 85 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 65 wt. %, based on the building material dry mixture, contains. Moreover, it is possible that the building material dry mixture has at least one cement-based binder, in particular cement, preferably Portland cement, preferably white cement.

If the building material dry mixture comprises a cement-based binder, the dry building material mixture usually contains the cement-based binder in amounts of from 1 to 25% by weight, in particular from 5 to 25% by weight, preferably from 8 to 25% by weight, preferably from 10 to 20% by weight .-%, based on the building material dry mixture on. Likewise, it may be provided that the building material dry mixture has at least one lime-based binder, in particular hydraulic lime and / or hydrated lime, preferably hydraulic lime.

When the building material dry mixture contains a lime-based binder, the binder composition usually contains the lime-based binder in amounts of 10 to 74% by weight, especially 15 to 67% by weight, preferably 20 to 57% by weight, preferably 25 to 50% by weight. -%, based on the building material dry mix. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the building material dry mixture comprises at least one cement-based binder and at least one lime-based binder.

When the building material dry mixture comprises both a cement-based and a lime-based binder, the building material dry mixture contains the cement-based binder and the lime-based binder in a weight ratio of cement-based binder to lime-based binder in the Range from 5: 1 to 1:10, in particular 3: 1 to 1: 8, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 3.

In addition, it may also be provided that the building material dry mixture contains fibers, in particular selected from metal fibers and mineral fibers, preferably mineral fibers. The mineral fibers are preferably selected from glass fibers or oxidic materials.

In the context of the present invention, it has proven useful if the building material dry mix comprises the fibers in amounts of 5 to 20% by weight, in particular 8 to 17% by weight, preferably 10 to 15% by weight, based on the building material dry mixture , contains.

In addition, it can be provided that the building material dry mixture contains at least one additive, in particular at least one additive. If the building material dry mix contains an additive, it is usually selected from the group of condensers, thickeners, retarders, accelerators, stabilizers, rheology agents, retention additives (water retention agents), dispersants, sealants, air entraining agents and mixtures thereof.

As far as the amount of additive in the building material dry mixture is concerned, this can vary within wide ranges depending on the respective requirements. However, it has been shown that good results are obtained when the building material dry mixture, the additive in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 3 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 1 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture containing.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the building material dry mixture contains for producing a hydrophobic coating

(A) at least one especially hydrophobized lightweight aggregate, in particular expanded perlite, in amounts of from 25 to 80% by weight, in particular from 30 to 75% by weight, preferably from 35 to 65% by weight, preferably from 40 to 60% by weight , based on the building material dry mixture,

(B) at least one cement-based binder in amounts of 1 to 25% by weight, in particular 5 to 25% by weight, preferably 8 to 25% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight, based on the building material dry mixture, (C) at least one lime-based binder in amounts of from 10 to 74% by weight, in particular from 15 to 67% by weight, preferably from 20 to 57% by weight, preferably from 25 to 50% by weight, based on the building material dry mixture,

(D) at least one additive in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0, 1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 1 wt. %, based on the building material dry mixture, and

(E) optionally at least one hydrophobizing agent in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 1 wt .-%.

As far as the bulk density of the building material dry mixture according to the invention is concerned for producing a hydrophobic coating, it can likewise naturally vary within wide ranges. However, it has also been shown in this case that suitable building material dry mixtures usually have a bulk density in the range of 200 to 550 kg / m ³ , in particular 250 to 550 kg / m ³ , preferably 300 to 500 kg / m ³ , preferably 300 to 400 kg / m ³ , have.

For further details of this aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the above remarks on the previous aspects of the invention, which apply mutatis mutandis to the building material dry mix for producing a hydrophobic coating.

Yet another subject of the present invention - according to one of the aspects of the present invention - is the use of a building material dry mixture as described above for the production of a hydrophobic plaster, in particular a hydrophobic layer of a surface drainage.

For further details of this aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the above remarks on the remaining aspects of the invention, which apply correspondingly in relation to this use according to the invention.

Another object of the present invention - according to a s e c h s t e n aspect of the present invention - is a coating composition, in particular for the coating of surface drainages containing

(a) at least one organic polymer and

(B) at least one filler and / or at least one pigment. The coating composition of the invention is commonly used to form the finish of the coating system of the present invention from the environment, particularly air or other decorative coatings.

The coating composition according to the invention can be present in any suitable form which enables a uniform and thin-layer application. Usually, however, the composition is present as a dispersion. The coating composition is particularly preferably in the form of an aqueous dispersion. In this connection, it may be provided that the dispersion has a water content of from 20 to 80% by weight, preferably from 25 to 70% by weight, preferably from 30 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably from 35 to 55% by weight, based on the composition having.

It is also customary for the composition to have a solids content of 25 to 80% by weight, in particular 35 to 75% by weight, preferably 45 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably 50 to 60% by weight on the composition.

As far as the amount of organic polymer in the coating composition according to the invention is concerned, this can vary within wide ranges, depending on the respective coating thickness to be achieved and the application method. However, it has proven useful if the composition contains the polymer in amounts of 5 to 75% by weight, in particular 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 15 to 50% by weight, preferably 20 to 40% by weight. , based on the composition.

The polymer can be selected from all suitable organic polymers. Usually, however, the polymer is selected from acrylates, polyurethanes and / or polyesters and mixtures and copolymers thereof, in particular acrylates.

It has been found that particularly good results are obtained when the polymer is selected from acrylate-styrene copolymers, vinyl acrylate copolymers and pure acrylates, in particular pure acrylates. The acrylate polymer or the acrylate copolymer is preferably obtainable by polymerization and / or copolymerization of acrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid with C 1 to C 10 alcohols, methacrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid with C 1 to C 10 alcohols, vinyl and styrene, in particular acrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid with Cr to C-io alcohols, methacrylic acid and esters of methacrylic acid with Cr to do-alcohols.

In particular, it may be provided that the acrylate polymer and / or the acrylate copolymer is obtainable by polymerization and / or copolymerization of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate Butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate and hexyl methacrylate, in particular acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate.

As far as the molecular weight of the polymer used according to the invention is concerned, this can vary within wide ranges. However, particularly good results are obtained when the polymer has a weight-average molecular weight M _w in the range from 2,000 to 250,000 g / mol, in particular 5,000 to 200,000 g / mol, preferably 10,000 to 150,000 g / mol, preferably 15,000 to 100,000 g / mol ,

Applicable coating compositions, ie coating compositions of suitable viscosity, can be prepared with polymers in the abovementioned molecular weight range, it being possible to achieve good hydrophobicity of the coating by means of the high-polymer organic compounds. The molecular weights for polymeric compounds given in the context of this invention relate to the weight-average molecular weight M _w at which the weight of the individual polymeric compounds is weighted by their weight fraction. The molecular weights or the molecular weight distribution can be determined by various, standardized methods and methods, such as, for example, light scattering, rheology, mass spectrometry, permeation chromatography, etc. However, the methods used to determine the molecular weight distribution are familiar to the person skilled in the art and require no further explanation , So can the molecular weights of the used Polymers are determined in particular by a GPC method, in particular based on DIN 55672 with polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene as standard.

As far as the amount of pigment or filler in the coating composition according to the invention is concerned, it can likewise vary within wide limits. However, it has been found that best results are achieved when the compositions contain the filler and / or the pigment in amounts of 1 to 45% by weight, in particular 2 to 35% by weight, preferably 3 to 25% by weight. , preferably 3 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 15 wt .-%, based on the composition comprises.

When the coating composition according to the invention contains a pigment, it is usually an inorganic pigment, in particular an inorganic particulate pigment.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition contains at least one filler and at least one pigment.

In addition, however, it may be provided that the composition has at least one further component, in particular in the form of an additive and / or an additive.

If the coating composition has a further component, this is usually selected from the group of rheology additives, preservatives, stabilizers, acids and / or bases, surfactants, defoaming components, film formers, waxes, UV absorbers, biogenic active substances, pH stabilizers , pH adjusters and dyes.

If the coating composition comprises the further component, the coating composition usually contains the further component in amounts of from 0.1 to 15% by weight, in particular from 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.4 to 7% by weight. -%, preferably 0.6 to 4 wt .-%, based on the coating composition. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating composition contains

(A) at least one organic polymer, in particular in amounts of 5 to 75 wt .-%, based on the composition;

(B) at least one filler and / or at least one pigment, in particular in amounts of 1 to 45 wt .-%, based on the composition;

(C) at least one additive and / or at least one additive, in particular in amounts of 0.1 to 15 wt .-%, based on the composition, and

(D) water, in particular in amounts of 20 to 80 wt .-%, based on the composition.

As far as the viscosity of the coating composition according to the invention is concerned, it can likewise vary within wide ranges. The composition usually has a dynamic viscosity according to Brookfield at 20 ° C. in the range from 100 to 50,000 mPas, in particular 500 to 30,000 mPas, preferably 1,000 to 20,000 mPas, preferably 2,000 to 15,000 mPas, particularly preferably 3,000 to 10,000 mPas. most preferably 4,000 to 8,000 mPas, on. Viscosities in the abovementioned range permit both application in a sufficient layer thickness and good applicability of the coating composition according to the invention.

As far as the application of the coating composition according to the invention to a substrate is concerned, all suitable methods can be used here. Usually, the composition is applied by brushing, rolling, knife coating and / or spraying onto a substrate, in particular parts of a coating system, such as, for example, the hydrophobic layer of a surface drainage.

As far as the layer thickness with which the coating composition according to the invention is applied to a substrate, this can of course vary within wide ranges. However, it has proved to be expedient if the composition with a layer thickness of 20 to 600 μιη, in particular 50 to 500 μιη, preferably 100 to 400 μιη, preferably 150 to 300 μιη, applied to the substrate, in particular the hydrophobic layer of a coating system becomes. With the aforementioned layer thickness, even when using The use of organic-based coatings did not significantly increase the flammability of the coating system.

Likewise, it may be provided in the context of the present invention that the coating composition is applied in 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 3, layers on the substrate, in particular the hydrophobic layer of a coating system.

For further details of this aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the above remarks on the other aspects of the invention, which apply correspondingly with respect to the coating composition according to the invention.

Yet another object of the present invention - according to one aspect of the present invention - is a coating obtainable from the aforementioned coating composition.

For further details regarding this aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the above remarks on the other aspects of the invention, which apply correspondingly with regard to the coating according to the invention.

In addition, a further subject matter of the present invention, according to one aspect of the present invention, is the use of a previously described coating composition for producing a water-impermeable layer for surface drainage, in particular for buildings.

For further details of this aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the above remarks on the other aspects of the invention, which apply correspondingly with regard to the use according to the invention.

Again, another object of the present invention - according to a n e n t e n aspect of the present invention - is the use of a coating system described above for drainage of structures, especially tunnels, and / or for water discharge to buildings, especially tunnels.

For further details of this aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the preceding statements relating to the other aspects of the invention, which apply mutatis mutandis with respect to the inventive use of a coating system.

Finally, another object of the present invention - according to one of the aspects of the present invention - is a drainage system for drainage of structures, in particular tunnels, and / or for water drainage on structures, in particular tunnels, which has the aforementioned coating system. In order to obtain a drainage system, the coating system according to the invention described above is usually applied over a large area to the area to be drained, in particular tunnel inner walls and ceilings.

For the final discharge of the with the coating system according to the invention along a surface of the building, in particular along a building wall, derived water, a collecting and Ableiteeinrichtung be provided for liquid water. Preferably, the collecting and discharging device is a pipeline which extends in particular along the lower edge of the coating system.

The collecting and discharging device is preferably deeper than the surfaces to be drained, d. H. below the surfaces to be drained, for example in the rock or soil, or in a concrete formwork attached. The collecting or discharging device extends in particular in the form of a pipeline, usually in particular at least substantially along the entire length of the lower edge of the coating system. The collecting and discharging device can in particular run parallel to the edge of the coating system or have a different inclination. Usually, the collecting and discharging device is inclined, in particular inclined in a Abiaufrichtung to ensure an automatic drainage of the water.

Moreover, it has proven useful if the collecting and discharging device is in direct or indirect contact with the hydrophilic layer of the coating system according to the invention. For this purpose, the collection and Ableiteeinrichtung usually at least partially openings on its upper side to receive the water transported in the hydrophilic layer. In the context of the present invention, it can be provided that the hydrophilic layer leads directly into the collecting and discharging device, in particular a pipeline. However, it is also possible that the water from the hydrophilic layer is transferred by means of fibers or by the use of substances, such as nonwovens, in the collecting and discharging device.

The collecting and discharging device usually has a diameter of 5 to 50 cm, in particular 8 to 30 cm, preferably 10 to 20 cm. For further details of this aspect of the invention, reference may be made to the preceding statements relating to the other aspects of the invention, which apply correspondingly with respect to the drainage system according to the invention.

The coating system according to the invention and the drainage system according to the invention and their respective uses and applications for drainage, in particular water drainage on structures, in particular tunnels, are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the accompanying drawings. Further advantages, features, aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and illustrated in the drawings, preferred embodiments according to the invention.

1 shows a cross section of a coating system 1 according to the invention, which is applied to the inside of a tunnel 2. The tunnel 2 passes through surrounding soil or rock layers 3 and is delimited by the tunnel wall 4 with respect to the earth and rock layers 3. The tunnel wall 4 is usually made of masonry stone, shotcrete or concrete formwork and may have one or more layers. However, it is also possible, albeit less frequently, that the tunnel wall 4 consists of rock. However, the surface of the tunnel wall 4 to which the coating system 1 according to the invention is applied is usually mineral-based, ie it generally consists of rock, built-up stone or concrete. From the soil and rock layers 3 through the tunnel wall 4 seeping water is preferably passed through the coating system 1 to a collecting and discharging device 5 and removed from the tunnel, so that the water does not penetrate uncontrollably into the tunnel interior 2 and also no water pressure the tunnel wall 4 builds. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the coating system according to the invention. The coating system 1 has, in particular, a hydrophilic layer 6, in which the water seeping from the surrounding earth or rock 3 through the tunnel wall 4 is taken up and discharged. The hydrophilic layer 6 preferably comprises expanded (expanded) perlite having a particle size in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm and a mixture of white cement and hydraulic lime as a binder. The hydrophilic layer 6 is usually followed in the direction of the interior of the tunnel by a hydrophobic layer 7, which forms a barrier to liquid water, so that the water within the hydrophilic layer 6 is discharged along the tunnel wall 4. The hydrophobic layer 7 also has expanded perlite, but preferably with a grain size in the range of 1 to 6 mm, and a mixture of hydraulic lime and cement as a binder.

In contrast to the hydrophilic layer 6, the perlite particles of the hydrophobic layer 7 are preferably rendered hydrophobic by treatment with siloxanes, silanols or silanes. Alternatively, the building material dry mixture, from which the hydrophobic layer 7 is usually obtainable by mixing with water, may also be added with a water repellent. In the context of the present invention, however, it is preferred if the pearlite particles of the hydrophobic layer 7 are hydrophobicized. On the hydrophobic layer 7 is preferably applied a water-impermeable coating 8 with a layer thickness of less than 500 μιη. The coating 8 is preferably impermeable to liquid water, but open to water vapor, whereby small amounts of liquid water permeating the hydrophobic layer 7 can slowly evaporate without further liquid water collecting in the hydrophobic layer 7 and the coating system 1 being damaged overall takes. The coating 8 usually contains an organic polymer, in particular an acrylate, and is applied in the form of a polymeric dispersion. For better adhesion of the coating system 1 on the inner wall 4 of the tunnel, an adhesion promoter layer 9 can be applied between the hydrophilic layer 6 and the tunnel wall 4. The primer layer 9 is usually cherweise of a silicate material, since in general both the tunnel inner wall and the hydrophilic layer 6 are based on mineral.

From the soil or rock 3 in the tunnel construction, in particular the tunnel wall 4, penetrating water is now collected in the hydrophilic layer 6 and directed by capillary action and gravity along the tunnel wall 4 and the hydrophobic layer 7 down. The coating system 1 preferably extends over the entire tunnel inner wall 4 and opens at its lower end into the collecting and discharging device 5, as stated above. The collecting and discharging device 5 is usually designed in the form of at least one conduit, which makes it possible to collect the water derived from the tunnel wall 4 and to lead it out of the interior of the tunnel. The collecting and discharging device 5 preferably consists of two parallel tubes, as shown in the figure representations, in particular in the perspective view of FIG. 3, shown. In Fig. 3, the tunnel wall 4 has not been shown for reasons of clarity. However, any other construction suitable for collecting and discharging the water discharged into the coating system 1 from the tunnel 2 is also usable. Here, for example, a central, larger collection tube could be provided in the tunnel floor, in which the water, after being discharged from the hydrophilic layer 6 to a smaller pipeline or smaller catch basin, is collected and led out of the tunnel.

The coating system 1 according to the invention forms, together with the collecting and discharging device 5, a drainage system which is suitable both for the rehabilitation of existing tunnels in which mountain water penetrates into the tunnel and for the drainage of new tunnels. In particular, in the context of the present invention, a very complicated multi-shell construction in which the drainage runs between the surrounding soil or rock and an inner concrete casing can be avoided. This is particularly advantageous in terms of maintenance and repair of the drainage over the known systems.

Further embodiment, modification, variations and peculiarities of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the description without departing from the scope of the present invention. The present invention will be clarified with reference to the following embodiments, but without limiting the present invention thereto.

embodiments

The effectiveness and efficiency of the present invention will be demonstrated by the rehabilitation of a road tunnel. The tunnel has an internal concrete formwork of 5 cm thickness and has no drainage facilities. The rock surrounding the tunnel carries more water than expected, so that in places 4 l / m ^{2 of} water penetrate into the interior of the tunnel.

For remediation, the entire tunnel wall and the tunnel ceiling on a length of 30 m are coated with the coating system according to the invention.

The coating system consists of a silicate adhesive layer, a hydrophilic plaster applied thereto, a hydrophobic plaster applied thereto and a final water-impermeable coating. At the lower tunnel walls, drainage pipes are laid just below the height of the road surface, which have openings at regular intervals on their upper side.

The transfer of the derived water from the hydrophilic layer into the piping takes place through nonwovens.

The coating system thus has the following compositions:

Bonding layer

As adhesion promoter, a silicate-based primer is applied to the tunnel walls.

Hydrophilic layer

A building material dry mixture consisting of

expanded perlite with a particle size of 2 to 5 mm 45% by weight

hydraulic lime 32% by weight

White cement 22% by weight

Additives 1% by weight is mixed with water in a ratio of building material dry mixture to water of 1 kg building material dry mixture to 1, 5 l of water and applied with a layer thickness of 80 mm on the primed tunnel inner wall.

Hydrophobic layer

A building material dry mixture consisting of

Perlite with a grain size of 3 to 6 mm 40% by weight

Hydrated lime 30% by weight

White cement 18.5% by weight

Water repellent based on a siloxane 0.5% by weight

Additives 1 wt .-% water in a ratio of building material dry mixture to water in a ratio of 1 kg building material dry mixture to 1, 5 I of water is turned on, whereby a hydrophobized fresh mortar is obtained. The hydrophobized fresh mortar is applied to the hydrophilic layer with a layer thickness of 10 mm and allowed to harden.

Waterproof coating

An acrylic dispersion containing microballoons is applied twice to the hydrophobic layer with a layer thickness of approximately 150 μm in each case. After completion of the coating of the coating system according to the invention no liquid water can be detected inside the tunnel, in particular on the tunnel ceiling and the tunnel walls. Conductivity measurements on the surface of the coating system according to the invention also show that no liquid water penetrates through the coating system according to the invention. In the pipelines, which divert the water from the tunnel, however, a steady outflow of water is observed. It turns out that with the coating system according to the invention or the drainage system according to the invention, tunnel systems which are affected by an unforeseen flooding can be remediated. LIST OF REFERENCES: Coating system 7 hydrophobic layer tunnel 10 8 impermeable earth or rock layer coating

Tunnel wall 9 primer layer collection and rejection

hydrophilic layer

Claims

claims:

Coating system for draining water, in particular for surface drainage, on buildings

Coating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrophilic layer has porous particles, in particular mineral-based and / or plastic-based porous particles.

Coating system according to claim 2, characterized in that the porous particles have particle sizes in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm, in particular 0.5 to 8 mm, preferably 1 to 6 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm.

Coating system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the hydrophilic layer, the porous particles in amounts of 25 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 75 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 65 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 60 Wt .-%, based on the hydrophilic layer contains.

Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophilic layer contains at least one lightweight aggregate, in particular with a grain density of at most 2.0 kg / dm ³ , in particular wherein the lightweight aggregate comprises and / or consists of the porous particles.

Coating system according to claim 5, characterized in that the light aggregate is selected from the group consisting of volcanic rock, perlite, in particular expanded perlite, vermiculite, in particular expanded vermiculite, pumice, foamed and expanded glass, expanded clay, expanded slate, tuff, expanded mica, lava, lava sand and mixtures thereof, preferably perlite and / or vermiculite, in particular expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite, preferably perlite, in particular expanded perlite.

Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophilic layer is a binder, in particular a mineral-based binder, in amounts of 20 to 75 wt .-%, in particular 25 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 65 wt. %, preferably 40 to 60 wt .-%, based on the hydrophilic layer containing.

Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophilic layer consists of at least one plaster, in particular a plaster.

9. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophilic layer has a thickness of 1 to 15 cm, in particular 2 to 10 cm, preferably 3 to 9 cm.

10. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophilic layer has a water conductivity in the range of 0.5 to 10 kg / m ² h ^0.5 , in particular 1 to 8 kg / m ² h ^0.5 , preferably 2 to 5 kg / m ² h ^0.5 .

1 1. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophobic layer is in particular at least substantially impermeable to water.

12. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophobic layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 cm, in particular 1 to 3 cm, preferably 1 to 2 cm.

13. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophobic layer comprises particles.

14. Coating system according to claim 13, characterized in that the particles have particle sizes in the range of 1 to 10 mm, in particular 2 to 8 mm, preferably 2 to 7 mm, preferably 3 to 6 mm.

15. Coating system according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the hydrophobic layer, the particles in amounts of 15 to 85 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 50 wt .-%, based on the hydrophobic layer contains.

16. Coating system according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the particles are hydrophobic, in particular hydrophobic, are.

17. Coating system according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the particles by treatment with oils, silicones, in particular silicone resins, and / or silanes, in particular alkyl silanes, preferably by treatment with silicones, in particular silicone resins, and / or silanes are hydrophobic. 18. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophobic layer contains a lightweight aggregate, in particular a hydrophobic lightweight aggregate, preferably with a grain density of at most 2.0 kg / dm ³ , in particular wherein the hydrophobic particles from the lightweight aggregate consist.

Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light aggregate is selected from the group consisting of hydrophobicized volcanic rock, perlite, in particular expanded perlite, vermiculite, in particular expanded vermiculite, pumice, expanded and expanded glass, expanded clay, expanded scab, tuff, expanded mica, Lavakies, lava sand and mixtures thereof, preferably perlite and / or vermiculite, in particular expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite, preferably perlite, in particular expanded perlite. 20. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophobic layer at least one binder, in particular a mineral-based binder, in amounts of 15 to 85 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 70 Wt .-%, preferably 50 to 65 wt .-%, based on the hydrophobic layer contains.

21. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrophobic layer consists of at least one plaster, in particular a plaster. 22. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the hydrophobic layer, a further layer, in particular a water-impermeable layer, preferably in the form of a coating, is arranged, in particular wherein the water-impermeable layer on the hydrophilic layer of the hydrophobic layer opposite lying side is arranged.

23. Coating system according to claim 22, characterized in that the water-impermeable layer, in particular the coating, is permeable to water vapor.

24. Coating system according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the water-impermeable layer has a water vapor diffusion resistance number μ, determined according to DIN EN ISO 12542, in the range of 4 to 12, in particular 5 to 10, preferably 6 to 8.

25. Coating system according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the water-impermeable layer has a layer thickness in the range of 20 to 500 μιη, in particular 50 to 400 μιη, preferably 100 to 300 μιη, preferably 150 to 250 μιη having.

26. Coating system according to one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the water-impermeable layer has an extensibility of up to 300%, in particular 250%, preferably 200%, preferably 160%, and / or

the water-impermeable layer has an extensibility in the range from 50 to 300%, in particular 100 to 250%, preferably 120 to 200%, preferably 140 to 160%. 27. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water-impermeable layer is crack bridging.

28. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water-impermeable layer

(a) at least one organic polymer and

(B) at least one filler and / or at least one pigment

having. 29. A coating system according to claim 28, characterized in that the water-impermeable layer, the polymer in amounts of 25 to 95 wt .-%, in particular 40 to 90 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80 wt .-%, based on the water-impermeable layer having.

30. Coating system according to Claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the water-impermeable layer contains the filler and / or the pigment in quantities of 5 to 75% by weight, in particular 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 15 to 50% by weight. , preferably 15 to 40 wt .-%, based on the water-impermeable layer having.

31. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pigment is an inorganic particulate pigment.

32. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water-impermeable layer contains at least one filler and at least one pigment. 33. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a primer layer is arranged between the hydrophilic layer and the building.

34. Coating system according to claim 33, characterized in that the hydrophilic layer directly contacts the primer layer.

35. Coating system according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that the primer layer is arranged directly on the structure, in particular applied thereto.

36. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primer layer has a layer thickness in the range of 10 to 100 μιη, in particular 20 to 80 μιη, preferably 30 to 70 μιη, preferably 40 to 60 μιη having.

37. Coating system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primer layer is based on at least one organic and / or an inorganic polymer, in particular an inorganic polymer is formed.

38. Coating system according to claim 37, characterized in that the inorganic polymer is a polysilicate, in particular sodium silicate and / or potassium silicate.

Coating system according to claim 38, characterized in that the inorganic polysilicate is water glass, in particular sodium and / or potassium water glass.

Building material dry mixture for producing a hydrophilic coating, in particular for producing the hydrophilic and / or water-conducting layer of a surface drainage,

characterized,

the building material dry mixture comprises porous particles, in particular mineral-based and / or plastic-based porous particles, in amounts of from 25 to 80% by weight.

Building material dry mixture according to claim 40, characterized in that the building material dry mixture, the porous particles in amounts of 30 to 75 wt .-%, in particular 35 to 65 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 60 wt .-%, based on the Baustofftrockenmischung.

Building material dry mixture according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that the porous particles have particle sizes in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm, in particular 0.5 to 8 mm, preferably 1 to 6 mm, preferably 2 to 5 mm.

43. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 40 to 42, characterized in that the porous particles are a lightweight aggregate, in particular with a grain density of at most 2.0 kg / dm ^3rd 44. Building material dry mixture according to claim 43, characterized in that the lightweight aggregate is selected from the group of volcanic rock, perlite, in particular expanded perlite, vermiculite, in particular expanded vermiculite, pumice, foam and expanded glass, expanded clay, swelling schist, tuff, inflated mica, lava kiln , Lava sand and mixtures thereof, preferably perlite and / or vermiculite, in particular expanded perlite and / or expanded

Vermiculite, preferably perlite, in particular expanded perlite.

45. Building material dry mixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building material dry mixture has at least one binder composition, in particular a mineral-based binder composition.

46. Building material dry mixture according to claim 45, characterized in that the building material dry mixture, the binder composition in amounts of from 20 to 75 wt .-%, in particular 25 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 35 to

65 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 60 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture containing.

47. The dry building material according to claim 45 or 46, characterized in that the binder composition is at least one cement-based

Binder, in particular cement, preferably Portland cement, preferably white cement.

48. Building material dry mixture according to claim 47, characterized in that the binder composition, the cement-based binder in amounts of 1 to 25 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 25 wt .-%, preferably 8 to 25 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 20 wt .-%, based on the Baustofftrockenmi- scoring, contains. 49. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 45 to 48, characterized in that the binder composition comprises at least one lime-based binder, in particular hydraulic lime and / or hydrated lime, preferably hydraulic lime.

50. Building material dry mixture according to claim 49, characterized in that the binder composition, the lime-based binder in amounts of 10 to 74 wt .-%, in particular 15 to 67 wt .-%, preferably 20 to 57 wt .-%, preferably 25 to 50 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture contains.

51. Building material mixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building material dry mixture has at least one cement-based binder and at least one lime-based binder.

52. The dry building material according to claim 51, wherein the binder composition has a weight-based ratio of cement-based binder to lime-based binder in the range from 5: 1 to 1:10, in particular 3: 1 to 1: 8, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5 , preferably 1: 2 to 1: 3, has.

53. Building material dry mixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building material dry mixture also contains fibers, in particular selected from metal fibers and mineral

Fibers, preferably mineral fibers.

54. Building material dry mixture according to claim 53, characterized in that the building material dry mixture contains the fibers in amounts of 5 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 8 to 17 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 15 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture ,

55. Building material dry mixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building material dry mixture contains at least one additive, in particular at least one additive, in particular selected from the group of condensers, thickeners, retarders, accelerators, stabilizers (stabilizers), rheology agents, additives for adjustment water retention (water retention agents), dispersants, sealants, air entrainers and their mixtures.

56. Building material dry mixture according to claim 55, characterized in that the building material dry mixture, the additive in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0, 1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 1 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture containing.

Building material dry mixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building material dry mixture

(D) at least one additive in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 1 wt. %, based on the building material dry mixture, has.

Building material dry mixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building material dry mixture has a bulk density in the range of 200 to 550 kg / m ³ , in particular 250 to 550 kg / m ³ , preferably 300 to 500 kg / m ³ , preferably 300 to 400 kg / m ³ , has.

Use of a building material dry mixture according to one of claims 40 to 58 for producing a water-permeable plaster, in particular the hydrophilic and / or water-permeable layer of a surface drainage.

Building material dry mixture for producing a hydrophobic coating, in particular a water barrier, preferably for producing a hydrophobic layer of a surface drainage,

characterized, that the building material dry mixture has hydrophobic particles and / or a hydrophobing agent.

61. Building material dry mixture according to claim 60, characterized in that the building material dry mixture particles in amounts of 15 to 85 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 50 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture containing.

62. Building material dry mixture according to claim 60 or 61, characterized marked, that the particles particle sizes in the range of 1 to 10 mm, in particular

2 to 8 mm, preferably 2 to 7 mm, preferably 3 to 6 mm.

63. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 60 to 62, characterized in that the particles are a lightweight aggregate, in particular a hydrophobic lightweight aggregate, preferably with a maximum grain density of at least

2.0 kg / dm ³ , are.

64. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 60 to 63, characterized in that the lightweight aggregate selected from the group of volcanic rock, perlite, in particular expanded perlite, vermiculite, in particular expanded vermiculite, pumice, foam and expanded glass, expanded clay, expandable slate, Tuff, inflated mica, lava, lava sand and mixtures thereof, preferably perlite and / or vermiculite, in particular expanded perlite and / or expanded vermiculite, preferably perlite, in particular expanded perlite.

65. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 60 to 64, characterized in that the particles are hydrophobic.

66. Building material dry mixture according to claim 65, characterized in that the particles by treatment with oils, silicones, in particular silicone resins, and / or silanes, in particular alkyl silanes, is hydrophobic, preferably by treatment with silicones and / or silanes.

67. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 60 to 66, character- ized in that the hydrophobizing agent is selected from the

Group of silanes, silane hydrolysates, silanols and siloxanes and mixtures thereof, in particular silanols and siloxanes and mixtures thereof.

68. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 60 to 67, characterized in that the building material dry mixture, the hydrophobizing agent in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 1 wt .-%, contains.

69. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 60 to 68, characterized in that the building material dry mixture at least one binder, in particular a binder composition, preferably a mineral-based binder composition having.

70. A building material dry mixture according to claim 69, characterized in that the building material dry mixture, the binder composition in amounts of 15 to 85 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 50 to 65 wt. %, based on the building material dry mixture, contains.

71. Building material dry mixture according to claim 69 or 70, characterized in that the building material dry mixture at least one cement-based binder, in particular cement, preferably Portland cement, preferred

White cement, has.

72. Building material dry mixture according to claim 71, characterized in that the building material dry mixture, the cement-based binder in amounts of 1 to 25 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 25 wt .-%, preferably 8 to

25 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 20 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture containing.

73. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 60 to 72, character- ized in that the building material dry mixture comprises at least one lime-based binder, in particular hydraulic lime and / or hydrated lime, preferably hydraulic lime.

74. Building material dry mixture according to claim 73, characterized in that the building material dry mixture, the lime-based binder in amounts of 10 to 74 wt .-%, in particular 15 to 67 wt .-%, preferably 20 to 57 wt .-%, preferably 25 to 50 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture contains.

75. Building material dry mixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building material dry mixture has at least one cement-based binder and at least one lime-based binder.

76. Building material dry mixture according to claim 75, characterized in that the building material dry mixture a weight ratio of cement-based binder to kalkbasiertem binder in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 10, in particular 3: 1 to 1: 8, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5 , preferably 1:

2 to 1: 3.

77. Building material dry mixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building material dry mixture also contains fibers, in particular selected from metal fibers and mineral

Fibers, preferably mineral fibers.

78. Building material dry mixture according to claim 77, characterized in that the building material dry mixture contains the fibers in amounts of 5 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 8 to 17 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 15 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture ,

79. Building material dry mixture according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building material dry mixture contains at least one additive, in particular at least one additive, in particular selected from the group of condensers, thickeners, retarders, accelerators, stabilizers (stabilizers), rheology agents, additives for adjustment water retention agents (water retention agents), dispersants, sealants, air entraining agents and mixtures thereof.

80. Building material dry mixture according to claim 79, characterized in that the building material dry mixture contains the additive in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0, 1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 1 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mixture containing.

81. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 60 to 80, characterized in that the building material dry mixture (A) at least one light aggregate, in particular expanded perlite, in amounts of 25 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 30 to 75 wt .-%, preferably 35 to 65 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 60 wt .-%, based on the building material dry mix,

(B) at least one cement-based binder in amounts of from 1 to 25% by weight, in particular from 5 to 25% by weight, preferably from 8 to 25% by weight, preferably from 10 to 20% by weight, based on the building material dry matter research,

(C) at least one lime-based binder in amounts of from 10 to 74% by weight, in particular from 15 to 67% by weight, preferably from 20 to 57% by weight, preferably from 25 to 50% by weight, based on the weight of building materials. ckenmischung,

(D) at least one additive in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 1 wt. %, based on the building material dry mixture, and

(E) optionally at least one hydrophobizing agent in amounts of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.3 to 1 wt .-%, having. 82. Building material dry mixture according to one of claims 60 to 81, characterized in that the building material dry mixture has a bulk density in the range of 200 to 550 kg / m ³ , in particular 250 to 550 kg / m ³ , preferably 300 to 500 kg / m ³ , preferably 300 up to 400 kg / m ³ . 83. Use of a building material dry mixture according to one of claims 60 to 82 for the production of a hydrophobic plaster, in particular a hydrophobic layer of a surface drainage.

84. Coating composition, in particular for coating surface drainages, containing

(a) at least one organic polymer and

(B) at least one filler and / or at least one pigment.

85. A coating composition according to claim 84, characterized in that the composition is present as a dispersion, in particular as aqueous dispersion, in particular wherein the dispersion has a water content of 20 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 25 to 70 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 60 wt .-%, particularly preferably 35 to 55 wt .-%, based on the composition , having.

Coating composition according to claim 84 or 85, characterized in that the composition has a solids content of 25 to 80 wt .-%, in particular 35 to 75 wt .-%, preferably 45 to 70 wt .-%, particularly preferably 50 to 65 wt. %, based on the composition.

87. Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition of the polymer in amounts of 5 to 75 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 15 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 20 to 40 Wt .-%, based on the composition comprises.

88. Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer is selected from acrylates, polyurethanes and / or polyesters and mixtures thereof and copolymers, in particular acrylates.

89. Coating composition according to claim 88, characterized in that the polymer is selected from acrylate-styrene colopolymers, vinyl acrylate copolymers and pure acrylates, in particular pure acrylates.

90. A coating composition according to claim 88 or 89, characterized in that the acrylate polymer and / or the acrylate copolymer is obtainable by polymerization and / or copolymerization of acrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid with C to do alcohols, methacrylic acid, esters of

Methacrylic acid with C to do alcohols, vinyl and styrene, especially acrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid with Cr to do alcohols, methacrylic acid and esters of methacrylic acid with d to do alcohols. 91. Coating composition according to one of claims 88 to 90, characterized in that the acrylate polymer and / or the acrylate copolymer is obtainable by polymerization and / or copolymerization of acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate ter, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate and hexyl methacrylate, especially acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate.

Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer has a weight-average molecular weight M _w in the range from 2,000 to 250,000 g / mol, in particular 5,000 to 200,000 g / mol, preferably 10,000 to 150,000 g / mol, preferably 15,000 to 100,000 g / mol.

Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition of the filler and / or the pigment in amounts of 1 to 45 wt .-%, in particular 2 to 35 wt .-%, preferably 3 to 25 wt .-%, preferably 3 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 15 wt .-%, based on the composition comprises.

Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pigment is an inorganic pigment, in particular an inorganic particulate pigment.

Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition contains at least one filler and at least one pigment.

Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition comprises at least one further component, in particular in the form of an additive and / or an additive.

A coating composition according to claim 96, characterized in that the further component is selected from the group of rheology additives, preservatives, stabilizers, acids and / or bases, surfactants, defoaming components, film formers, waxes, UV absorbers, biogenic agents, pH stabilizers, pH adjusting agents and dyes. Coating composition according to one of claims 96 or 97, characterized in that the composition contains the further component in amounts of from 0.1 to 15% by weight, in particular from 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.4 to 7% by weight. -%, preferably 0.6 to 4 wt .-%, based on the composition contains.

Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, comprising,

(C) at least one additive and / or at least one additive, in particular in amounts of 0, 1 to 15 wt .-%, based on the composition; and

(D) water, in particular in amounts of 20 to 80 wt .-%, based on the composition. 100. Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition has a dynamic viscosity according to Brookfield at 20 ° C in the range of 100 to 50,000 mPas, in particular 500 to 30,000 mPas, preferably 1 .000 to 20,000 mPas, preferably 2,000 to 15,000 mPas, particularly preferably 3,000 to 10,000 mPas, very particularly preferably 4,000 to 8,000 mPas.

Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition is applied by brushing, rolling, knife coating and / or spraying onto a substrate, in particular the hydrophobic layer of a coating system.

102. Coating composition according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composition with a layer thickness in the range of 20 to 600 μιη, in particular 50 to 500 μιη, preferably 100 to 400 μιη, preferably 150 to 300 μιη applied.

103. Coating composition according to claim 101 or 102, characterized in that the composition in 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 3, layers on the substrate, in particular the hydrophobic layer of a Beschichtungssytems, is applied.

104. A coating obtainable from a coating composition according to any one of claims 84 to 103.

105. Use of a coating composition according to any one of claims 84 to 103 for producing a water-impermeable layer of a surface drainage, in particular for buildings.

106. Use of a coating system according to one of claims 1 to 39 for the drainage of structures, in particular tunnels, and / or for the drainage of water on structures, in particular tunnels.

107. Drainage system for drainage of structures, in particular tunnels, and / or for water discharge to buildings, in particular tunnels, comprising a coating system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 39.

108. Drainage system according to claim 107, characterized in that the drainage system has at least one device, in particular, a collecting and discharging device (5) for collecting and draining liquid water.

109. Drainage system according to claim 108, characterized in that the device (5) for collecting and discharging liquid water is designed in the form of a pipeline.

10. Drainage system according to claim 108, characterized in that the device (5) for collecting and discharging liquid water extends in particular at least substantially over the entire length of the coating system (1).

Drainage system according to one of claims 108 to 110, characterized in that the means (5) for collecting and draining liquid What It is in direct or indirect contact with the hydrophilic layer (6) of the coating system (1). 12. Drainage system according to one of claims 108 to 1 10, characterized in that the means (5) for collecting and draining liquid water has a diameter of 5 to 50 cm, in particular 8 to 30 cm, preferably 10 to 20 cm ,