WO2018028215A1 - 一种功耗检测装置与系统 - Google Patents

一种功耗检测装置与系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018028215A1
WO2018028215A1 PCT/CN2017/079008 CN2017079008W WO2018028215A1 WO 2018028215 A1 WO2018028215 A1 WO 2018028215A1 CN 2017079008 W CN2017079008 W CN 2017079008W WO 2018028215 A1 WO2018028215 A1 WO 2018028215A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power consumption
module
switch
control unit
consumption detecting
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/079008
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹建民
陈梓豪
符宗培
李伟业
马晓增
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Program control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/66—Structural association with built-in electrical component
    • H01R13/70—Structural association with built-in electrical component with built-in switch

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technology of household appliances, and in particular to a power consumption detecting device and system.
  • common power consumption detection switch sockets have power sockets and power detectors, which are single-machine working modes and have the following defects:
  • the power consumption data is stored in the power socket, the storage time is limited, and it is not convenient for statistical analysis.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power consumption detecting device and system with small size and low energy consumption.
  • a power consumption detecting device includes a power consumption detecting module and a wireless module
  • the power consumption detecting module is disposed in the switch socket for controlling on or off of the switch socket, and detecting power consumption of an electric appliance connected to the switch socket;
  • the wireless module is connected to the power consumption detecting module, and sends power consumption data detected by the power consumption detecting module to the monitoring platform.
  • the power consumption detecting module includes:
  • a main control unit configured to send power consumption data to the monitoring platform through the wireless module when a control command is received, or issue a switching instruction to the switch control unit;
  • a power consumption detecting unit connected to the main control unit, configured to collect power consumption data of an appliance connected to the switch socket, and send the power consumption data to the main control unit;
  • a switch control unit connected to the main control unit for automatically or manually controlling the switch socket to be turned on or off when receiving the switch command.
  • the switch control unit includes a transistor Q1, a relay KM1, a resistor R1, and a manual switch;
  • the base of the transistor Q1 is connected to the main control unit through the resistor R1, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is grounded, and the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the relay KM1;
  • a second terminal of the relay KM1 inputs a DC voltage, and a third end of the relay KM1 is connected to the manual switch;
  • Both ends of the manual switch are respectively connected to the live line and the neutral line of the switch socket.
  • the main control unit maintains a sleep state, and when an external control command is received, enters an active state.
  • the wireless module is a WIFI module, a zigbee module, a radio frequency wireless transceiver module or a power carrier communication module.
  • the present invention also provides a power consumption detecting system, including the power consumption detecting device and the monitoring platform described in any of the above;
  • the monitoring platform is wirelessly connected to the power consumption detecting device, and configured to control the power consumption detecting device to transmit the detected power consumption data through the wireless module, receive the power consumption data, and consume the power consumption
  • the data is displayed, saved, and analyzed, and is also used to control the turning on and off of appliances connected to the power consumption detecting device.
  • the monitoring platform includes an ARM computer and a wireless receiving module connected to the ARM computer.
  • the present invention has the beneficial effects that the power consumption detecting device can control the opening or closing of the electrical device connected to the switch socket, can also detect the power consumption of the electrical appliance, and can pass the power consumption data.
  • the wireless module is sent to the monitoring platform, and the monitoring platform displays, analyzes and saves the power consumption data, so that the consumer can clearly understand the power consumption of each appliance, control the power consumption of the appliance, or compare the detected power consumption data with The power data comparison on the nameplate of the appliance can find the power abnormality caused by overload and leakage, so as to facilitate the timely elimination of safety hazards.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power consumption detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the power consumption detecting module of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the switch control unit of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a power consumption detecting unit of FIG. 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the connection of the main control unit of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the workflow of the main control unit of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a power consumption detecting system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of each functional module of the monitoring platform of Figure 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a data packet form of a wireless module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power consumption detecting device and system of the present invention installs the power consumption detecting module in the switch socket, can control the power consumption of the electric appliance while controlling the switch socket, and sends it to the monitoring platform through the wireless module for display, saving and analysis.
  • the monitoring platform it is possible to centrally analyze and analyze the energy consumption and other data of various electrical appliances in the home environment in a certain period of time, so as to achieve clear consumption; for the electrical appliances connected to the switch socket, the switch platform can be controlled in time to avoid The waste of electric energy has achieved the effect of saving electricity and energy.
  • a power consumption detecting device includes a power consumption detecting module 101 and a wireless module 103.
  • the power consumption detection module 101 is placed in the switch socket 102 for controlling the turning on or off of the switch socket 102 and detecting the power consumption of the appliance connected to the switch socket 102.
  • the wireless module 103 is connected to the power consumption detecting module 101, and transmits the power consumption data detected by the power consumption detecting module 101 to the monitoring platform.
  • the power consumption detecting module 101 includes a main control unit 1011, a power consumption detecting unit 1013, and a switch control unit 1012.
  • the detailed description of each unit is as follows:
  • the switch control unit 1012 is connected to the main control unit 1011 for automatically or manually controlling the on or off of the switch socket 102 upon receiving the switch command.
  • the switch control unit 1012 is a dual control switch that can be controlled manually or automatically.
  • the switch control unit 1012 includes a transistor Q1, a relay KM1, a resistor R1, and a manual switch.
  • the base of the transistor Q1 is connected to the main control unit 1011 through a resistor R1, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is grounded, and the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the relay KM1.
  • the second end of the relay KM1 inputs a DC voltage, and the third end of the relay KM1 is connected to the manual switch.
  • the two ends of the manual switch are respectively connected to the live and neutral wires of the switch socket.
  • the output end of the switch control unit 1012 is connected to the output control interface of the main control unit 1011.
  • the transistor Q1 When the output terminal outputs a high level, the transistor Q1 is turned on, and the driving relay KM1 is closed.
  • the output terminal When the output terminal outputs a low level, the transistor Q1 is turned off, and the relay KM1 is normally open.
  • the switch of the remote control appliance can be realized by outputting different levels (level shifting) through the output pin of the main control unit 1011. At the same time, regardless of the state of the relay KM1 switch, as long as the manual switch is toggled on site, the switch of the appliance can be controlled.
  • the dual control switch has two advantages: First, when the control circuit of the relay KM1 is faulty, it does not affect the function of the manual switch (the original switch), and has strong practicability; second, the output logic of the output terminal is simple, as long as the output is reversed. The state (non-logic) allows the switch to change state (off or open) regardless of the state of the manual switch.
  • the power consumption detecting unit 1013 is connected to the main control unit 1011 for collecting power consumption data of the electrical appliance connected to the switch socket 102, and transmitting the power consumption data to the main control unit 1011.
  • the power consumption detecting unit 1013 is mainly for an electric appliance, that is, 50 Hz alternating current is turned on.
  • the module uses large-scale integrated circuits, digital sampling processing technology and SMT process, designed according to industry standards, can measure AC voltage, current, power, energy consumption, power factor, frequency and other electrical data of 40 ⁇ 65HZ, while passing
  • the UART serial port is very convenient for communication and connection with other microcontrollers (master units).
  • the communication adopts the MODBUS-RTU protocol. After the AC metering module collects the electrical parameters, it analyzes and stores the data in each register. After the main control unit 1011 successfully sends the read command, the AC metering module responds and the required register data is obtained.
  • the module's normal operating voltage is 5V, and the line power consumption is less than 0.1W, which is in line with the low power consumption of electronic circuit design.
  • the main control unit 1011 is configured to send power consumption data to the monitoring platform through the wireless module 103 when the control command is received, or issue a switching instruction to the switch control unit 1012.
  • the main control unit 1011 uses an ultra low power microcontroller from Microchip's model PIC24F16KA102.
  • the typical sleep current of this series of microcontrollers can be as low as 20nA, the real-time clock current is as low as 500nA, and it can run continuously for more than 20 years without replacing the battery, becoming the most outstanding single-chip microcomputer in the industry.
  • the device has SPI, I2C, 3 external interrupts (INTF), 16 ports RB independently programmed bidirectional I / O and other interfaces, also has 512B internal EEPROM, fully meet the design requirements of embedded, low power control circuits.
  • This circuit uses the internal EEPROM to store the ID (ID) of the lower computer node and the control program to avoid the power consumption of the external EEPROM (generally at the mA level), saving the device, reducing the area of the board, and reducing the area.
  • the cost The circuit of the main control MCU is shown in Figure 5. A total of 8 pins are used, and 6 pins such as CE, CSN, SCK, MISO, MOSI, and IRQ are used to control the wireless module 103. The output pin is used to drive the switch-controlled relay.
  • RB2 (RX) and RB3 (TX) are respectively connected to the transmitting and receiving ends of the power consumption detecting circuit.
  • the wireless module 103 uses an external INT0 interrupt.
  • the main control MCU After the main control MCU is powered on, after a series of initialization, including power consumption data acquisition, data package transmission, it enters the sleep mode. If no interrupt occurs, the sleep mode is maintained, so the power consumption is extremely low.
  • the host computer issues a command to "change state” or "refresh” power consumption data on the control interface, the signal will enter the lower computer through the wireless receiving module and cause the INT0 interrupt of the microcontroller. Interrupt wake-up the MCU first to judge the command. If it is the "change state” command, the relay flag bit RL_CMD is inverted, the output pin is controlled by the output pin, and the power consumption detection module 101 is used to collect the power consumption of the appliance.
  • the data is returned to the control interface for saving and display, so that the power consumption of the appliance and the actual situation of the switch can be monitored in the control interface. If it is a "refresh" command, it is not necessary to output the control level through the output pin, and directly enters the power consumption detecting module 101 to perform a collection and transmission workflow to obtain real data of the power consumption of the appliance.
  • the main control unit 1011 is in the sleep mode most of the time; when the state control of the switch and the power consumption data are collected, the processing is performed by the interrupt technology, and the processing speed is Soon, the switch state change can be completed in milliseconds, and then enters sleep mode after processing. Therefore, the power consumption of the main control unit 1011 is extremely low.
  • the wireless module 103 is a WIFI module, a zigbee module, a radio frequency wireless transceiver module or a power carrier communication module.
  • the purpose of the wireless module 103 is to connect the communication between the power consumption detecting module 101 and the monitoring platform 104.
  • the radio frequency wireless transceiver module can be used.
  • the nRF2401 radio frequency transceiver chip of Nordic Corporation is used, and the SPI interface is used to communicate with the main control MCU.
  • nRF24L01 is a working at 2.4 ⁇ 2.5GHz
  • the monolithic wireless transceiver chip of the universal scientific research frequency band is mainly composed of an enhanced SchockBurst mode controller, a modulator/demodulator, a filter, a power amplifier, a crystal oscillator and the like.
  • it can be used for frequency hopping mode, which can effectively reduce the interference of the surrounding environment; with automatic retransmission and response function, high reliability of data transmission; small size, using QFN20 package, chip area is only 4* 4mm; low power consumption, at 5dBm
  • the operating current is only 10.5 mA, the operating current is only 18 mA when receiving, and the current consumption is lower in the idle mode.
  • the wireless module 103 transmits and receives data under the control of the main control unit 1011, most of the time is in the idle mode, so the power consumption is extremely low.
  • the wireless module 103 data packet is in the form shown in FIG. 9, wherein the preamble and the CRC check code are used for synchronization and data verification, respectively, and are automatically added by the wireless module 103.
  • the sending address can be selected from any address of the sending channel. Split the valid data into two parts, one part contains data within 27 bytes, which is the measurement time, voltage, current, power and energy consumption data of the appliance; the other part is the ID number of the electronic tag, occupying 5 Bytes (40 bits) used to identify the nodes of the electrical switch.
  • the monitoring platform 104 When the monitoring platform 104 receives a data packet, it first judges the identification code (ID number), and then processes the related data, thereby being able to distinguish data of different switch nodes.
  • ID number the identification code
  • a power consumption detecting system includes the power consumption detecting device and the monitoring platform 104 of any of the above embodiments.
  • the monitoring platform 104 is wirelessly connected to the power consumption detecting module 101 in the power consumption detecting device, and is configured to control the power consumption detecting device to transmit the detected power consumption data through the wireless module 103, receive power consumption data, and display the power consumption data. , save and analyze, also used to control the turning on and off of appliances connected to the power consumption detection device.
  • the monitoring platform 104 includes an ARM computer and a wireless receiving module connected to the ARM computer, wherein the ARM computer functions as a host computer.
  • the ARM computer can use the MINI2440 of the company as the main control board, featuring low power consumption, small size, and long-term operation.
  • the wireless receiving module adopts NRFDIC's NRF24L01, which uses SPI interface and ARM computer communication.
  • ARM computer MINI2440 main control board using Samsung S3C2440 control chip, belonging to ARM920T core, 32-bit RISC microprocessor, 117GPIO, 24 external interrupts, SPI interface, 64M RAM, 256M FLASH storage, etc., clocked at up to 200MHZ.
  • the system can run many embedded real-time operating systems, such as Red-Hat, ucos-II, Window CE and so on. In order to facilitate the user's use, you can use the Window CE operating system and use the attribute database that comes with Window CE.
  • the function of the application software is shown in Figure 8.
  • the application software is connected to the Nrf hardware through the wireless driving module 701.
  • the data including time, voltage, current, power, energy consumption and the like are displayed on the real-time display module 703; Save data to Window
  • the CE database 702 achieves centralized display and storage of power consumption of various electrical outlets in the home environment.
  • the node configuration module 704 is responsible for managing the names of the respective electrical switches, and associating the names with the ID numbers of the switches, power consumption, and the like.
  • the refresh control module 705 is responsible for notifying the lower computer to start collecting power consumption data, including real-time refresh (times/second), hour refresh (time/hour), and day refresh (time/day). By default, the system collects power consumption data at the frequency of the day refresh to save energy in the measurement system.
  • the switch control module 706 is responsible for the centralized control of the switches of each node, and can reasonably control the switch according to the energy consumption of each electrical appliance to achieve the purpose of energy saving. According to the voltage collected on the switch, the state of the switch in the initial situation can be judged.
  • the statistical analysis module 707 can, according to the historical data in the database, give a change in the power, energy consumption, and the like of each electrical switch according to a certain period of time, for example, hours, days, months, etc., thereby judging the electrical appliance. Working condition and power consumption situation, control the switch in time to achieve the purpose of energy saving.
  • the power consumption detecting device and system of the invention utilizes the computer lower power consumption detecting module 101 to control and detect, the upper computer monitoring platform 104 statistics and analysis, and the lower computer and the upper computer are connected through the wireless radio frequency network, thereby achieving the home environment. Centralized management and control of power consumption data of electrical switches.
  • the power consumption detecting module 101 has the characteristics of small size, low energy consumption, and convenient installation. And can achieve:
  • each electrical switch According to the power consumption of each electrical switch, it can find out which electrical appliances have the largest power consumption in the home environment, so as to control in real time to achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction;

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
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Abstract

一种功耗检测装置与系统，该功耗检测装置包括功耗检测模块（101）和无线模块（103）；功耗检测模块（101）置于开关插座（102）内，用于控制开关插座（102）的接通或者断开，以及检测连接到开关插座(102)上的电器的功耗；无线模块（103）与功耗检测模块（101）相连，将功耗检测模块（101）检测到的功耗数据发送给监控平台。该功耗检测装置能监控各种电器的功耗，并能够发现因过载、漏电导致的功率异常，以方便及时排除安全隐患。

Description

一种功耗检测装置与系统 技术领域
本发明涉及家用电器技术，尤其涉及一种功耗检测装置与系统。
背景技术
随着社会经济水平的发展，人们越来越追求舒适、便捷和节能环保的生活方式，对电器开关插座的要求也趋向于智能化、自动化。根据智能化、自动化这个发展趋势，涌现出了各种各样的电器开关，如声控开关、光控开关、延时开关、遥控开关等。然而这些开关都是对电器的简单控制，不能检测连接在开关插座上电器的功耗，使用者不清楚家居环境中各种电器的真实能耗情况，也不清楚哪种电器的能耗最大，糊里糊涂浪费了一些宝贵的电能。
目前，常见的功耗检测开关插座有电量插座、电力检测仪，它们都是单机工作模式，并具有如下缺陷：
（1）功耗数据保存在电量插座内，保存的时间有限，而且不方便进行统计分析。
（2）不能进行远程或集中开关控制和统计分析，不方便安排合理用电。
（3）相对体积大、成本较高。
 技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种体积小、能耗低的功耗检测装置与系统。
技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的，一种功耗检测装置，包括功耗检测模块和无线模块；
所述功耗检测模块置于开关插座内，用于控制所述开关插座的接通或者断开，以及检测连接到所述开关插座上的电器的功耗；
所述无线模块与所述功耗检测模块相连，将所述功耗检测模块检测到的功耗数据发送给监控平台。
进一步地，所述功耗检测模块包括：
主控单元，用于在接收到控制命令时，将功耗数据通过所述无线模块发送给所述监控平台，或者向开关控制单元发出开关指令；
功耗检测单元，与所述主控单元相连，用于采集接入所述开关插座的电器的功耗数据，并将所述功耗数据发送给所述主控单元；
开关控制单元，与所述主控单元相连，用于在接收到开关指令时自动或手动控制所述开关插座的接通或者断开。
进一步地，所述开关控制单元包括三极管Q1、继电器KM1、电阻R1和手动开关；
三极管Q1的基极通过所述电阻R1与所述主控单元相连，三极管Q1的发射极接地，三极管Q1的集电极与所述继电器KM1的第一端相连；
所述继电器KM1的第二端输入直流电压，所述继电器KM1的第三端与所述手动开关相连；
所述手动开关的两端分别接所述开关插座的火线和零线。
进一步地，所述主控单元保持休眠状态，当接收到外部的控制命令时，进入工作状态。
进一步地，所述无线模块为WIFI模块、zigbee模块、射频无线收发模块或者电力载波通讯模块。
本发明还提供一种功耗检测系统，包括上述任一所述的功耗检测装置以及监控平台；
所述监控平台与所述功耗检测装置无线连接，用于控制所述功耗检测装置将检测到的功耗数据通过所述无线模块发送，接收所述功耗数据，并对所述功耗数据进行显示、保存和分析，还用于控制与所述功耗检测装置连接的电器的接通和关闭。
进一步地，所述监控平台包括ARM计算机，以及与所述ARM计算机相连的无线接收模块。
 有益效果
本发明与现有技术相比，有益效果在于：所述的功耗检测装置可以控制连接到开关插座上的电器的打开或者关闭，也可以检测到电器的功耗，并能将功耗数据通过无线模块发送到监控平台，由监控平台对功耗数据进行显示、分析和保存，让消费者能清楚各个电器的功耗，对功耗大的电器进行控制，或者将检测到的功耗数据与电器铭牌上的功率数据比对，能够发现因过载、漏电导致的功率异常，以方便及时排除安全隐患。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的功耗检测装置的示意图；
图2是图1中功耗检测模块的示意图；
图3是图2中开关控制单元的结构示意图；
图4是图2中功耗检测单元的结构示意图；
图5是图2中主控单元的连线示意图；
图6是图2中主控单元的工作流程示意图；
图7是本发明实施例提供的功耗检测系统的示意图；
图8是图7中监控平台的各功能模块的示意图；
图9是本发明实施例提供的无线模块数据包形式的图表示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明的功耗检测装置及系统将功耗检测模块安装在开关插座内，可以控制开关插座的同时检测到电器的功耗，并通过无线模块发给监控平台进行显示、保存和分析。在监控平台就能够集中统计分析家居环境中各个电器在一定时间段内的能耗等数据，从而做到明明白白消费；对于连接在开关插座上的电器，可以通过监控平台及时进行开关控制，避免电能的浪费，从而达到了节电、节能的效果。
如图1所示，一种功耗检测装置，包括功耗检测模块101和无线模块103。功耗检测模块101置于开关插座102内，用于控制开关插座102的接通或者断开，以及检测连接到开关插座102上的电器的功耗。无线模块103与功耗检测模块101相连，将功耗检测模块101检测到的功耗数据发送给监控平台。
如图2所示，功耗检测模块101包括：主控单元1011、功耗检测单元1013和开关控制单元1012。各个单元的详细说明如下：
开关控制单元1012，与主控单元1011相连，用于在接收到开关指令时自动或手动控制开关插座102的接通或者断开。开关控制单元1012为双控开关，既可以手动控制，也可以自动控制。
开关控制单元1012其中的一种实现方式如图3所示，开关控制单元1012包括三极管Q1、继电器KM1、电阻R1和手动开关。
三极管Q1的基极通过电阻R1与主控单元1011相连，三极管Q1的发射极接地，三极管Q1的集电极与继电器KM1的第一端相连。继电器KM1的第二端输入直流电压，继电器KM1的第三端与手动开关相连。手动开关的两端分别接开关插座的火线和零线。
如图3所示，开关控制单元1012的output端连接主控单元1011的输出控制接口。当output端输出高电平时，三极管Q1导通，驱动继电器KM1闭合。当output端输出低电平时，三极管Q1截至，继电器KM1常开。通过主控单元1011的output引脚输出不同的电平（电平变换），可以实现远程控制电器的开关。同时，无论继电器KM1开关处于何种状态，只要现场拨动手动开关，也能控制电器的开关。该双控开关具有两个优点：一是当继电器KM1控制电路故障时并不影响手动开关（原有开关）的功能，具有较强的实用性；二是output端输出逻辑简单，只要输出一个相反的状态（非逻辑），就可以控制开关改变状态（关闭或者打开），和手动开关的状态无关。
功耗检测单元1013，与主控单元1011相连，用于采集接入开关插座102的电器的功耗数据，并将功耗数据发送给主控单元1011。
如图4所示，该功耗检测单元1013主要是针对电器，即接通的是50Hz交流电。该模块采用大规模集成电路，应用数字采样处理技术及SMT工艺，根据工业标准设计而成，可以测量40～65HZ的交流电压、电流、功率、能耗、功率因数、频率等电气数据，同时通过UART串口可以非常方便与其他单片机（主控单元）通讯和连接。通讯采用MODBUS-RTU协议，交流计量模块采集到电参数后经过分析将数据存放于各个寄存器中，主控单元1011只要成功发送读取命令后，交流计量模块就会响应，将所需的寄存器数据发回到主机，其中能耗数据是累加的，在断电重启后会以断电前的数据继续记录。该模块正常工作下的电压是5V，线路功耗小于0.1W，符合电子电路设计低功耗的目标。
主控单元1011，用于在接收到控制命令时，将功耗数据通过无线模块103发送给监控平台，或者向开关控制单元1012发出开关指令。
主控单元1011采用Microchip公司型号为PIC24F16KA102的超低功耗单片机。该系列单片机典型休眠电流可以低至20nA，实时时钟电流低至500nA，可连续运行20年以上而无需更换电池，成为业界低功耗性能最为突出的单片机。该单片机具有SPI、I2C、3个外部中断（INTF)、16个端口RB独立编程的双向I/O等接口，还具有512B的内部EEPROM，完全满足嵌入式、低功耗控制电路的设计需求。
本电路采用内部的EEPROM储存下位机节点的身份识别码（ID）以及控制程序等信息，以避免外接EEPROM带来的功耗（一般在mA级），节省了器件，减少电路板的面积，降低了成本。主控单片机的电路如图5所示，其中共使用8个引脚，CE、CSN、SCK、MISO、MOSI、IRQ等6个引脚用于控制无线模块103。output引脚用于驱动开关控制的继电器。RB2（RX）和RB3(TX)分别连接功耗检测电路的发送和接收端。
为达到超低功耗目的，主控单片机工作完全由上位机控制，采用中断的方式工作，如图6所示。其中，无线模块103采用外部INT0中断。
当主控单片机上电后，经过一系列初始化，包括功耗数据采集、数据打包发送后，便进入了休眠模式。如果没有中断发生，一直保持休眠模式，因此功耗极低。当上位机在控制界面发出开关“改变状态”或者“刷新”功耗数据的命令时，信号会通过无线接收模块进入下位机引起单片机的INT0中断。中断唤醒单片机首先进行命令判断，如果是“改变状态”命令，则将继电器标志位RL_CMD取反，通过output引脚输出电平，控制电器开关变化，同时通过功耗检测模块101采集电器的功耗数据并返回控制界面保存和显示，这样在控制界面就可以监视电器功耗和开关的实际情况。如果是“刷新”命令，则无需通过output引脚输出控制电平，直接进入功耗检测模块101进行采集发送工作流程，获得电器功耗的真实数据。
一般来说，对功耗数据采集的次数较少，主控单元1011大部分时间都处于休眠模式；对开关的状态控制和功耗数据的采集时，都是通过中断技术进行处理，处理的速度很快，开关状态变化在毫秒级就可完成，处理完以后又进入休眠模式。因此总体上主控单元1011的功耗极低。
无线模块103为WIFI模块、zigbee模块、射频无线收发模块或者电力载波通讯模块。
无线模块103的目的是要连接功耗检测模块101和监控平台104的通讯，具体的，可以使用射频无线收发模块，例如，选用Nordic公司的nRF2401射频收发芯片，采用SPI接口和主控单片机通讯。
nRF24L01是一款工作在2.4~2.5GHz 世界通用科学研究频段的单片无线收发器芯片，主要由增强型SchockBurst模式控制器、调制器/解调器、滤波器、功率放大器、晶体振荡器等电路组成。具有125个可选频道，可用于跳频工作方式，能够有效地降低周围环境的干扰；具有自动重发和应答功能，数据传输可靠性较高；小体积，采用QFN20封装，芯片面积只有4*4mm；低功耗，在以一5dBm 的功率发射时，工作电流只有10.5mA，接收时工作电流只有18mA，在空闲模式下电流消耗更低。
由于无线模块103是在主控单元1011的控制下收发数据，大部分时间都处于空闲模式下，因此功耗极低。
为了能够识别大量不同的下位机的检测信息，无线模块103数据包的形式如图表9所示，其中前导码和CRC校验码分别用来同步和数据校验，由无线模块103自动添加。发送地址可以选择发送通道的任意一个地址。将有效数据拆分成两个部分，一部分包括27个字节以内的数据，这时是电器的测量时间、电压、电流、功率和能耗数据；另一部分则是电子标签的ID号，占用5个字节（40位），用于识别电器开关的节点。
当监控平台104收到一个数据包，首先判断识别码（ID号），再去处理相关数据，从而能够区分不同开关节点的数据。
如图7所示，一种功耗检测系统，包括上述任一实施例的功耗检测装置以及监控平台104。
监控平台104与功耗检测装置中的功耗检测模块101无线连接，用于控制功耗检测装置将检测到的功耗数据通过无线模块103发送，接收功耗数据，并对功耗数据进行显示、保存和分析，还用于控制与功耗检测装置连接的电器的接通和关闭。
监控平台104包括ARM计算机，以及与ARM计算机相连的无线接收模块，其中，ARM计算机做为上位机。
例如，ARM计算机可以采用飞凌公司的MINI2440作为主控板，具有低功耗、小体积、可以长期运行等特点；无线接收模块采用NORDIC公司的NRF24L01，采用SPI接口和ARM计算机通讯。
ARM计算机MINI2440主控板，采用了三星公司S3C2440控制芯片，属于ARM920T内核，32位的RISC微处理器，有117GPIO，24个外部中断，SPI接口，64M RAM，256M FLASH储存等，主频高达200MHZ。系统能够能运行许多的嵌入式实时操作系统，如Red-Hat、ucos-II、Window CE等。为了方便用户的使用，可以采用Window CE操作系统，并使用Window CE自带的属性数据库，应用软件的功能如图8所示。
（1）应用软件通过无线驱动模块701和Nrf硬件相联，当收到Nrf硬件的数据时，包括时间、电压、电流、功率、能耗等数据，都在实时显示模块703之上显示；同时保存数据到Window CE数据库702，做到了家居环境下各电器插座功耗的集中显示和保存。
（2）节点配置模块704负责管理各电器开关的名称，并将各名称和开关的ID号、功耗等数据关联在一起。
（3）刷新控制模块705负责通知下位机开始采集功耗数据，包括实时刷新（次/秒）、小时刷新（次/小时）、天刷新（次/天）。缺省情况下，系统按照天刷新的频率采集功耗数据，以节省测量系统的能耗。
（4）开关控制模块706负责各节点开关的集中控制，可根据各电器的耗能情况，合理控制开关，达到节能的目的。根据采集到开关上的电压，可以判断初始情况下开关的状态。
（5）统计分析模块707，可以根据数据库中的历史数据，按一定的时间段，比如，小时、天、月等，给出各电器开关的功率、能耗等数据的变化，从而判断电器的工作状态和功耗情况，适时控制开关，达到节能降耗的目的。
本发明功耗检测装置与系统利用计算机下位机功耗检测模块101控制与检测，上位机监控平台104统计与分析，通过无线射频网络将下位机和上位机联系在一起，做到了家居环境下各种电器开关功耗数据的集中管理和控制。功耗检测模块101具有体积小、能耗低、方便安装的特点。并且能实现：
（1）在监控平台104集中显示各电器开关的功耗，做到明明白白消费；
（2）根据各电器开关的功耗，能够找出家居环境下哪些电器的功耗最大，从而实时控制，达到节能降耗的目的；
（3）根据各电器开关的功耗，能找出一些电器待机功耗较大的数据，从而及时关断电源，避免电能的浪费；
（4）根据各电器开关的功率数据，和电器铭牌上的标明的功率数据进行比对，能够发现因过载、漏电导致的功率异常，及时排除安全隐患。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种功耗检测装置，其特征在于，包括功耗检测模块和无线模块；
    所述功耗检测模块置于开关插座内，用于控制所述开关插座的接通或者断开，以及检测连接到所述开关插座上的电器的功耗；
    所述无线模块与所述功耗检测模块相连，将所述功耗检测模块检测到的功耗数据发送给监控平台。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的功耗检测装置，其特征在于，所述功耗检测模块包括：
    主控单元，用于在接收到控制命令时，将功耗数据通过所述无线模块发送给所述监控平台，或者向开关控制单元发出开关指令；
    功耗检测单元，与所述主控单元相连，用于采集接入所述开关插座的电器的功耗数据，并将所述功耗数据发送给所述主控单元；
    开关控制单元，与所述主控单元相连，用于在接收到开关指令时自动或手动控制所述开关插座的接通或者断开。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的功耗检测装置，其特征在于，所述开关控制单元包括三极管Q1、继电器KM1、电阻R1和手动开关；
    三极管Q1的基极通过所述电阻R1与所述主控单元相连，三极管Q1的发射极接地，三极管Q1的集电极与所述继电器KM1的第一端相连；
    所述继电器KM1的第二端输入直流电压，所述继电器KM1的第三端与所述手动开关相连；
    所述手动开关的两端分别接所述开关插座的火线和零线。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的功耗检测装置，其特征在于，所述主控单元保持休眠状态，当接收到外部的控制命令时，进入工作状态。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的功耗检测装置，其特征在于，所述无线模块为WIFI模块、zigbee模块、射频无线收发模块或者电力载波通讯模块。
  6. 一种功耗检测系统，其特征在于，包括上述权利要求1至5任一所述的功耗检测装置以及监控平台；
    所述监控平台与所述功耗检测装置无线连接，用于控制所述功耗检测装置将检测到的功耗数据通过所述无线模块发送，接收所述功耗数据，并对所述功耗数据进行显示、保存和分析，还用于控制与所述功耗检测装置连接的电器的接通和关闭。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的功耗检测系统，其特征在于，所述监控平台包括ARM计算机，以及与所述ARM计算机相连的无线接收模块。
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