WO2018020979A1 - 耐抜落ち性に優れたバルブシート - Google Patents
耐抜落ち性に優れたバルブシート Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018020979A1 WO2018020979A1 PCT/JP2017/024854 JP2017024854W WO2018020979A1 WO 2018020979 A1 WO2018020979 A1 WO 2018020979A1 JP 2017024854 W JP2017024854 W JP 2017024854W WO 2018020979 A1 WO2018020979 A1 WO 2018020979A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- valve seat
- press
- outer peripheral
- peripheral surface
- concave
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/24—Safety means or accessories, not provided for in preceding sub- groups of this group
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a valve seat for an internal combustion engine, and more particularly to an improvement in drop resistance of a valve seat used by being press-fitted into a light metal alloy cylinder head.
- the valve seat plays a role of sealing the combustion gas and cooling the valve, and has been used by being pressed into the cylinder head of the engine.
- the press-fitted valve seat is not actually in contact with all surfaces of the cylinder head, and the holding force at a high temperature (hereinafter also referred to as a high temperature holding force) is insufficient during engine operation. There was a case of falling out.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a structure for preventing the valve seat from falling off.
- the valve seat drop prevention structure described in Patent Document 1 forms an annular groove on the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder head press-fitting hole, and also forms an annular groove on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat press-fitted into the cylinder head press-fitting hole,
- an expansion ring that extends in the radial direction is inserted into the space formed by these annular grooves.
- the expansion ring that was compressed when the valve seat was mounted on the cylinder head was formed on the annular groove formed on the inner peripheral surface of the press-fitting hole and the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat after press-fitting the valve seat.
- it is accommodated in the annular groove, it is expanded and disposed across both the annular grooves, and the movement of the valve seat in the axial direction is completely suppressed, so that the drop-off can be surely prevented.
- Patent Document 1 it is necessary to form grooves on the inner peripheral surface of the press-fitting hole and the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat of the cylinder head to form an annular groove. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to ensure desired processing accuracy. Further, the technique described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the expansion ring swings down due to vibration during press-fitting and a problem that it is difficult to ensure a desired function.
- the present invention solves the problems of the prior art and is a valve seat that is used by being press-fitted into a light metal alloy cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, and does not easily fall off during operation of the internal combustion engine.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent valve seat.
- the present inventors diligently studied various factors that affect the drop-out resistance of a valve seat used by being press-fitted into a light metal alloy cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
- the press-fitted valve seat is not in full contact with the cylinder head, so that there is a problem that the holding force (holding force at high temperature) is insufficient during the operation of the internal combustion engine and falls off. To do.
- the present inventors roughen the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat that contacts the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder head. I came up with it.
- the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat is usually finished to an arithmetic average height Ra of about 0.8 ⁇ m as specified in JIS B0601-2001.
- the outer surface of the valve seat is rougher than a normal finishing surface, and the height of the mountain is 5 to 80 ⁇ m on the basis of the outer surface. It has been found that by roughening the surface as described above, the “high temperature loss load”, which is an index of the high temperature holding power, is remarkably increased, and the drop resistance is improved. Moreover, it has been found that the roughened region does not have to be the entire outer peripheral surface of the valve seat, and that a partial region of the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat is sufficiently effective.
- the maximum peak height (or peak height) is 5 to 80 ⁇ m (hereinafter also referred to as “convex portion”) or the maximum valley depth (or valley depth). It has been found that the provision of at least one region (hereinafter also referred to as a concave portion) having a thickness of 5 to 100 ⁇ m significantly contributes to the improvement of the valve seat drop resistance. In addition, if the region having the maximum peak height (or peak height) or the region having the maximum valley depth (or valley depth) described above is present in an area ratio of about 0.3% with respect to the entire outer peripheral surface, it is resistant to dropout. It has also been found that it is sufficiently effective for improving the sexiness.
- the present invention has been completed based on such findings and further studies. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) A valve seat press-fitted into a light metal alloy cylinder head of an internal combustion engine, and having a peak height as a roughened region at least at one location on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat with reference to the outer peripheral surface in the press-fitting direction.
- the convex portion has a peak height of the convex portion that is continuously or stepwisely increased from the reference to the maximum peak height along the press-fitting direction with reference to the outer peripheral surface.
- the concave portion has a valley depth of the concave portion that is continuously or stepwise reduced from the maximum valley depth to the reference along the press-fitting direction with the outer peripheral surface as a reference.
- a valve seat characterized by being a region having an inclined valley depth.
- a concave / convex mixed part having a plurality of rows of concaves and convexes formed by adjoining concaves and convexes extending in the press-fitting direction in a direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction, and / or Or the valve seat characterized by having the uneven
- the direction in which the concave portion and the convex portion extend in the concave-convex mixing portion is an angle formed by the press-fitting direction and has an angle within a range of more than 0 ° and less than 90 °.
- the uneven mixing portion includes a plurality of rows of recesses extending in a certain direction, and a plurality of rows of recesses extending in a direction perpendicular to the certain direction.
- the convex portion is a convex portion having a peak height of 5 to 80 ⁇ m with respect to the outer peripheral surface, and the concave portion is based on the outer peripheral surface.
- a valve seat characterized by a recess having a valley depth of 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the concavo-convex mixture portion has a cross-section perpendicular to the extending direction and a pitch that is an interval between two adjacent convex portions, and is 1 to 600 ⁇ m.
- a valve seat having irregularities.
- the peak heights of the plurality of rows of convex portions of the concave-convex mixed portion are a constant height with respect to the outer peripheral surface, or are press-fitted from the reference
- a valve seat characterized by increasing along the direction.
- the roughened region is observed in a direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface, and is triangular, quadrangular, circular, semicircular, or star-shaped.
- a valve seat characterized by exhibiting any of the following.
- the roughened region has the convex portion or the concave shape only on the periphery of the triangular shape, the quadrangular shape, the circular shape, the semicircular shape, or the star shape.
- the valve seat characterized by forming a part. (12) The valve seat according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein the roughened region is formed at equal intervals in a circumferential direction. (13) The valve seat according to any one of (1) to (12), wherein the valve seat is made of an iron-based sintered alloy.
- the high temperature holding force of the valve seat press-fitted into the light metal alloy cylinder head of the internal combustion engine increases, and the occurrence of the problem that the valve seat falls off during the operation of the internal combustion engine is drastically reduced. The effect of.
- the valve seat of the present invention is used in a state where it is press-fitted into a cylinder head made of a light metal alloy such as an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy of an internal combustion engine.
- the valve seat of the present invention is formed by processing a material into a predetermined dimension and forming a “roughened region” at least at one location on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat.
- the “roughened region” means a region having a surface texture that is locally rough compared to the surface roughness (Ra: about 0.8 ⁇ m) of a normal finished surface.
- This “roughened area” increases the bonding force with the cylinder head (holding force of the valve seat) by biting into the surface layer of the light metal alloy cylinder head when the valve seat is press-fitted into the light metal alloy cylinder head. This contributes to an increase in the dropout load and has an action of suppressing the valve seat dropout during engine operation.
- the “roughened region” is a convex portion having a constant height of 5 to 80 ⁇ m and / or a concave portion having a constant depth of 5 to 100 ⁇ m with reference to the outer peripheral surface. It is preferable to do. If the peak height of the convex portion is less than 5 ⁇ m, the peak height is too low to prevent the valve seat from falling off. On the other hand, when the peak height exceeds 80 ⁇ m, the light metal alloy such as an aluminum alloy of the cylinder head is scraped off, and the adhesion with the cylinder head decreases due to the light metal alloy such as the scraped aluminum alloy. For this reason, the peak height of the convex portion is limited to the range of 5 to 80 ⁇ m. The peak height is preferably 10 to 40 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 35 ⁇ m.
- the valley depth of the concave portion is less than 5 ⁇ m, the valley depth is too shallow, and the amount of biting light metal alloy such as an aluminum alloy of the cylinder head is insufficient, and the valve seat cannot be prevented from falling off.
- the valley depth exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the light metal alloy such as an aluminum alloy of the cylinder head is scraped, resulting in a decrease in the adhesion with the cylinder head.
- the valley depth is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 35 ⁇ m.
- a convex portion or a concave portion having such a surface property may be formed over the entire outer peripheral surface, but at least at one location on the outer peripheral surface, By forming a total area ratio of 0.3% or more, a desired holding force can be sufficiently maintained. For this reason, the total “roughened region” composed of convex portions and / or concave portions is 0.3% or more in terms of the area ratio with respect to the entire outer peripheral surface. In addition, Preferably it is 0.5% or more. On the other hand, when the roughened area exceeds 50% in total area ratio, the increase in the holding force of the press-fitted valve seat is saturated.
- the total area ratio with respect to the entire outer peripheral surface is limited to 0.5% or more and 50% or less.
- the shape of the “roughened region” that is a convex portion or a concave portion is not particularly limited, but a shape that becomes a long region in a direction orthogonal to the press-fitting direction can improve the drop-out resistance. It is preferable from the viewpoint.
- a shape that is a long region in the direction orthogonal to the press-fitting direction the resistance at the time of dropout increases, the dropout load increases, and the dropout resistance improves.
- FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) it is preferable to observe from a direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface and to have a shape exhibiting an inverted triangular shape or a quadrangular shape in the press-fitting direction.
- the shape has a triangular shape, a circular shape, a semicircular shape, or a star shape.
- An example of a semicircular shape is shown in FIG. 5, and an example of a star shape is shown in FIG.
- the shape of the “roughened region” is as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), as shown in FIG. Further, as schematically shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D, only a predetermined width of the peripheral portion (contour) having the above-described shape may be a roughened region.
- the “convex portion” that is the “roughened region” has a peak height with respect to the outer peripheral surface as a reference, and as shown in FIG. It is good also as an area
- the “concave portion” has a valley depth that decreases continuously or stepwise from the maximum valley depth to the reference along the press-fitting direction with the outer peripheral surface as a reference.
- the region may have an inclined valley depth.
- the “roughened region” is a region having a plurality of rows of recesses and protrusions extending in the press-fitting direction adjacent to each other in a direction perpendicular to the press-fitting direction, or in the circumferential direction. It is good also as an area
- the drop-out resistance is improved as compared with the case where the convex portion and / or the concave portion is arranged.
- An example of the “concave / convex mixed portion” as the roughened region is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the direction in which the concave portion and the convex portion extend is the press-fitting direction or the circumferential direction, but the direction in which the extending direction forms an angle with the press-fitting direction and having an angle in the range of more than 0 ° and less than 90 °. (Oblique direction). Such a roughened region can be expected to have the same effect as described above.
- a concave-convex mixed portion is formed by combining a plurality of rows of concave portions extending in a certain direction and a plurality of rows of concave portions extending in a direction perpendicular to the certain direction. It is good also as an uneven
- An example of such a surface property is schematically shown in FIG.
- the convex portions exhibit surface properties such that islands are present in the lattice-shaped concave portions.
- the term “perpendicular to a certain direction” here includes not only the case of being exactly “perpendicular” but also the case of “substantially perpendicular” deviating from the exact “perpendicular” by several degrees.
- the concavity and convexity is composed of a convex portion having a peak height of 5 to 80 ⁇ m and a concave portion having a valley depth of 5 to 100 ⁇ m with reference to the outer peripheral surface. If the peak height of the convex part is less than 5 ⁇ m, the peak height is too low to prevent the valve seat from falling off. On the other hand, when the maximum peak height exceeds 80 ⁇ m, the light metal alloy such as the aluminum alloy of the cylinder head is scraped off, and the adhesion with the cylinder head is reduced due to the light metal alloy such as the scraped aluminum alloy. For this reason, the peak height of the convex portion in the “concave / convex mixed portion” is limited to the range of 5 to 80 ⁇ m. The peak height is preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the valley depth of the recess is less than 5 ⁇ m, the valley depth is too shallow, and the amount of biting into the aluminum alloy of the cylinder head is insufficient, and the valve seat cannot be prevented from falling off.
- the trough depth exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the aluminum alloy of the cylinder head is scraped off, resulting in a decrease in adhesion with the cylinder head.
- the valley depth of the recesses in the “concave / convex mixture part” is limited to a range of 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the valley depth is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 45 ⁇ m.
- a pitch (hereinafter also referred to as a mountain pitch) that is the interval between two adjacent convex portions in a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the concave and convex portions extend. ), It is preferable to have irregularities of 1 to 600 ⁇ m. If the peak pitch of the convex portion is less than 1 ⁇ m, the pitch is too narrow to sufficiently engage the aluminum alloy of the cylinder head, and it becomes impossible to secure a desired adhesion force with the cylinder head. On the other hand, if the peak pitch exceeds 600 ⁇ m, the pitch is too wide to sufficiently engage the aluminum alloy of the cylinder head, and it becomes impossible to secure a desired adhesion with the cylinder head.
- the convex part may be a convex part having a constant peak height with respect to the outer peripheral surface or a convex part whose peak height increases along the press-fitting direction. It is good.
- the shape of the concavo-convex mixed portion as the “roughened region” should be a shape that becomes a long region in a direction orthogonal to the press-fitting direction, like the concave portion and the convex portion described above. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving dropability.
- the shape of the “roughened region” is a region in which only the predetermined width of the peripheral portion (contour) of the above-described shape is roughened even if the entire shape of the above-described shape is processed into the above-described surface texture. Also good.
- the above-described “surface unevenness mixing portion” having the surface property may be formed over the entire outer peripheral surface, but at a total area ratio of 0.3 to the entire outer peripheral surface at at least one location on the outer peripheral surface.
- the total “roughened region” composed of the “concave / convex mixed portion” is 0.3% or more in terms of the area ratio with respect to the entire outer peripheral surface.
- Preferably it is 0.5% or more.
- the total area ratio with respect to the entire outer peripheral surface is preferably 0.5% or more and 50% or less.
- the above-mentioned “roughened areas” having various surface properties are provided at least at one location on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat, preferably at two locations around the axis of the valve seat at 180 ° intervals, and further holding the valve seat. From the viewpoint of stability, as shown in FIG. 1 (e), it is preferable to form at three equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the valve seat, such as three locations at 120 ° intervals around the axis.
- the above-mentioned “roughened regions” having various surface properties are preferably formed by laser light irradiation treatment, or shot blast treatment or thermal spraying depending on the surface properties.
- the entire surface of the valve seat outer peripheral surface is the roughened region, it is preferable to use a shot brass treatment from the viewpoint of productivity and economy, but depending on the surface properties, sandpaper, air hammer You may use the dent by.
- the laser beam irradiation is a “roughened region” having the above-mentioned desired surface properties in a predetermined shape and size at a predetermined position on the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat set in advance.
- an irradiation pattern and an irradiation time are selected and performed.
- the valve seat of the present invention may be a valve seat having the above-described roughened region, and there is no need to limit the material thereof. Any conventional material for valve seats, such as smelting materials and sintered bodies, can be applied. Among these, it is preferable to use an iron-based sintered alloy from the viewpoint of excellent workability and manufacturability and easy adjustment of characteristics to be provided as a valve seat.
- the iron-based sintered alloy suitable as the material for the valve seat of the present invention includes C: 0.4 to 1.5% by mass%, or further, Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, V, W, Si, S, It is preferable to contain one or two or more selected from Mn and B in a total of 40% or less and have a base composition composed of the remaining Fe and inevitable impurities.
- the iron-based alloy sintered body has solid lubricant particles such as MnS, CaF 2 and BN in the matrix phase having the matrix composition described above, and has a Vickers hardness HV of 500 to 1200 HV0.1.
- hard particles such as Mo—Si—Fe intermetallic compound particles, Mo—Si—Ni intermetallic compound particles, and Co-based intermetallic compound particles. Needless to say, particles for improving machinability may be dispersed.
- an iron-based alloy sintered body suitable as a material for a valve seat of the present invention will be briefly described.
- the graphite powder, the lubricant powder, or the alloy powder, or the solid lubricant powder and / or the hard particle powder so as to have the above-described sintered body composition.
- Is mixed and kneaded with a mixer or the like to obtain a mixed powder.
- the obtained mixed powder is charged into a mold having a predetermined shape and pressure-molded to obtain a green compact having a predetermined shape. Subsequently, these green compacts are subjected to a sintering treatment to obtain sintered bodies.
- the sintering treatment is preferably performed at 1100 to 1200 ° C. in a reducing atmosphere or a non-oxidizing atmosphere, which is a conventional sintering method.
- the sintered body thus obtained is made into a valve seat for an internal combustion engine having a predetermined size and shape by processing such as cutting and grinding.
- Iron powder (pure iron powder) was mixed with graphite powder, hard particle powder, and solid lubricant powder, mixed and kneaded to obtain a mixed powder.
- 1.0% of graphite powder, 10.0% of hard particle powder, and 0.5% of solid lubricant powder were blended in mass% with respect to the total amount of iron-based powder, graphite powder, hard particle powder and solid lubricant powder, respectively.
- the hard particles were Ni-Mo-Cr-Co hard particles having a Vickers hardness of HV of 800 to 1200 HV.
- the solid lubricant particles were MnS.
- the obtained mixed powder was filled into a mold and pressure-molded with a molding press to obtain a green compact in the form of a valve seat (dimension: ⁇ 34 mm ⁇ ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 8 mm).
- the density of the obtained green compact was 6.5 to 7.1 g / cm 3 .
- the green compact was subjected to a sintering treatment at 1100 to 1200 ° C. for 60 minutes in a reducing atmosphere to obtain a sintered body a.
- the density of the obtained sintered body a was 6.2 to 7.2 g / cm 3 .
- the density was measured by the Archimedes method.
- valve seats having predetermined dimensions (dimensions: ⁇ 32 mm ⁇ ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 6.0 mm).
- the surface roughness of the finished surface of the outer peripheral surface of the valve seat was 0.09 to 0.15 ⁇ m in Ra according to the provisions of JIS Z 0601 (2001).
- a roughened region having the surface properties shown in Table 1 was formed in the shape shown in Table 1 on the outer peripheral surface of the finished valve seat. Formation of the roughened region was performed by laser light irradiation treatment or shot blast treatment, or thermal spraying, sandpaper, or dents by an air hammer. The case where the roughened area was not formed was defined as a conventional example (valve seat No. 1). The formed roughened region is schematically shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 to 10. FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows a case where the roughened region has a triangular shape in the state observed from the direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface.
- FIG. 3A shows the height of the mountain along the press-fitting direction.
- (B) is a case where the roughened region has a convex portion, and the peak height continuously changes from the outer peripheral surface to the maximum peak height along the press-fitting direction (the peak height increases). It is.
- FIG. 4 shows a case where the roughened region has a rectangular shape when observed from a direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface.
- FIG. 4A shows a case where the roughened region has a convex portion and a mountain height along the press-fitting direction.
- (B) is a case where the roughened region exhibits a concave portion, and the valley depth continuously changes from the maximum valley depth to the outer peripheral surface along the press-fitting direction (valley depth). Is reduced).
- the mountain height and valley depth were selected as appropriate.
- FIG. 5 shows a case where the roughened region has a semicircular shape and the roughened region has a convex portion when observed from the direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface, and the mountain height is constant along the press-fitting direction. It was.
- FIG. 6 shows a case where the roughened region has a star shape and the roughened region has a convex portion in a state observed from the direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface. was fixed.
- FIG. 7 and 8 show a roughened region having a triangular shape as observed from a direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface, a surface property thereof exhibiting a concave-convex mixed portion, and the convex portions are both outer peripheral surfaces. Is a constant peak height, and all of the recesses have a constant valley depth with respect to the outer peripheral surface.
- FIG. 7 is a case where the convex part and the concave part extending in the circumferential direction are regions having a plurality of rows in the press-fitting direction, which are adjacent to the direction perpendicular to the extending direction, and FIG.
- the convex portions and concave portions extending in the press-fitting direction are regions having a plurality of rows of concave and convex portions adjacent to the direction perpendicular to the extending direction (circumferential direction). Note that the number of rows (a plurality of rows) was changed according to the size of the roughened region and the peak pitch.
- the roughened region has a triangular shape when observed from the direction perpendicular to the outer peripheral surface, the surface property exhibits an uneven mixed portion, and both the convex portions are based on the outer peripheral surface.
- a constant peak height and all of the recesses have a constant valley depth with respect to the outer peripheral surface.
- FIG. 9 shows a case where the extending direction of the concave and convex portions of the concave / convex mixed portion is inclined by 45 ° with respect to the press-fitting direction
- FIG. 10 shows the concave and convex portions obtained by combining the extending concave portions into a lattice shape. This is the case of the mixing portion, and concave portions are arranged in the press-fitting direction and the circumferential direction, respectively.
- the laser light irradiation pattern, irradiation time, output so as to become the above-mentioned “roughened region” having the desired surface properties
- the frequency was adjusted.
- the roughened region was formed by thermal spraying, shot blasting, sandpaper processing, or air hammer processing.
- the shot blasting process, the sandpaper process, and the air hammer process were performed on the entire outer peripheral surface of the valve seat.
- the valve seat which does not perform a laser beam irradiation process, a shot blasting process, etc., and maintains the state as a finishing process was made into the prior art example.
- the height of the mountain and the depth of the valley were measured using a non-contact shape meter (“one-shot 3D measurement macroscope” (trade name) (manufactured by Keyence Corporation)).
- a high temperature holding force was measured by using a high temperature holding force measuring device shown in FIG. 2, and the high temperature holding force of the valve seat was evaluated.
- the valve seat 1 to be evaluated was press-fitted into an aluminum alloy cylinder head equivalent material 2 of a high-temperature holding force measuring device. Then, the valve seat was heated by the heating means 4 disposed below the cylinder head equivalent material 2 until the valve seat reached a predetermined temperature (200 ° C.).
- valve seat 1 heated to a predetermined temperature was pressed using a pushing jig 3 and separated from the cylinder head equivalent material 2.
- the unloading load L at that time was measured with a load meter (not shown).
- the slip-out load ratio of each valve seat was calculated based on the conventional example as a standard (1.00), and the slip-out resistance was evaluated. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
- the drop-out load is increased and the drop-out resistance is improved as compared with the conventional example without the roughened region.
- the comparative example outside the scope of the present invention no change is observed in the slip-out load compared to the conventional example without the roughened region.
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Abstract
Description
(1)内燃機関の軽金属合金製シリンダヘッドに圧入されるバルブシートであって、該バルブシートの外周面の少なくとも1箇所に粗面化領域として、圧入方向で前記外周面を基準として山高さが5~80μmとなる凸状部および/または谷深さが5~100μmとなる凹状部を有してなり、該粗面化領域が、前記外周面の全域に対する面積率で、合計で0.3%以上であることを特徴とする耐抜落ち性に優れたバルブシート。
(2)(1)において、前記凸状部が、該凸状部の山高さが前記外周面を基準とし、該基準から圧入方向に沿って最大山高さまで連続的に、あるいは段階的に増加する、傾斜した山高さを有する領域であることを特徴とするバルブシート。
(3)(1)において、前記凹状部が、該凹状部の谷深さが前記外周面を基準とし、圧入方向に沿って最大谷深さから前記基準まで連続的に、あるいは段階的に減少する傾斜した谷深さを有する領域であることを特徴とするバルブシート。
(4)(1)において、前記粗面化領域として、圧入方向に延在する凹部と凸部とが隣接してなる凹凸を前記圧入方向に垂直な方向に複数列有する凹凸混合部、および/または、円周方向に延在する凹部と凸部とが隣接してなる凹凸を前記円周方向に垂直な方向に複数列有する凹凸混合部、を有することを特徴とするバルブシート。
(5)(4)において、前記凹凸混合部における前記凹部と前記凸部の延在する方向が、前記圧入方向とのなす角で、0°超90°未満の範囲内の角度を有する方向であることを特徴とするバルブシート。
(6)(4)において、前記粗面化領域として、前記凹凸混合部が、一定方向に延在する複数列の凹部と、該一定方向に対して垂直方向に延在する複数列の凹部とを組み合せてなる格子状凹部を有し、該格子状凹部の各格子内に凸部を有してなる凹凸からなることを特徴とするバルブシート。
(7)(4)ないし(6)のいずれかにおいて、前記凸部が、前記外周面を基準として、山高さで5~80μmとなる凸部であり、前記凹部が、前記外周面を基準として、谷深さで5~100μmとなる凹部であることを特徴とするバルブシート。
(8)(4)ないし(7)のいずれかにおいて、前記凹凸混合部が、前記延在する方向に垂直な断面で、隣接する2つの前記凸部の間隔であるピッチで、1~600μmである凹凸を有することを特徴とするバルブシート。
(9)(4)ないし(8)のいずれかにおいて、前記凹凸混合部の複数列の凸部の山高さが、前記外周面を基準として一定の高さであるか、あるいは該基準から、圧入方向に沿って増加することを特徴とするバルブシート。
(10)(1)ないし(9)のいずれかにおいて、前記粗面化領域が、前記外周面に対し垂直方向から観察して、三角形状、四角形状、円形形状、半円形状、星形形状のいずれかを呈することを特徴とするバルブシート。
(11)(10)において、前記粗面化領域が、前記三角形状、前記四角形状、前記円形形状、前記半円形状、前記星形形状のいずれかの周縁のみに前記凸状部または前記凹状部を形成することを特徴とするバルブシート。
(12)(1)ないし(11)のいずれかにおいて、前記粗面化領域を、円周方向に等間隔の各位置に形成することを特徴とするバルブシート。
(13)(1)ないし(12)のいずれかにおいて、前記バルブシートが鉄基焼結合金製であることを特徴とするバルブシート。
凸状部の山高さが5μm未満では、山高さが低すぎて、バルブシートの抜落ちを防止できない。一方、山高さが80μmを超えて大きくなると、シリンダヘッドのアルミニウム合金等の軽金属合金を削り取り、削り取られたアルミニウム合金等の軽金属合金に起因してシリンダヘッドとの密着力が低下する。このため、凸状部の山高さを5~80μmの範囲に限定した。なお、山高さは、好ましくは10~40μm、さらに好ましくは20~35μmである。
原料とする鉄系粉末に、上記した焼結体の組成となるように、黒鉛粉末と、潤滑剤粉末と、あるいはさらに合金用粉末と、あるいはさらに固体潤滑剤粉末および/または硬質粒子粉末と、を配合し、混合機等で混合、混錬し、混合粉とする。ついで、得られた混合粉を、所定形状の金型に装入し、加圧成形して所定形状の圧粉体とする。ついで、これら圧粉体に焼結処理を施し、焼結体とする。焼結処理は、常用の焼結方法である、還元雰囲気、もしくは非酸化性雰囲気中で1100~1200℃で行うことが好ましい。このようにして得られた焼結体を、切削、研削等の加工により所定寸法形状の内燃機関用バルブシートとする。
形成した粗面化領域を、模式的に図3、図4、および図5~図10に示す。
2 シリンダヘッド相当材
3 押し冶具
4 加熱手段
10 高温保持力測定装置
Claims (13)
- 内燃機関の軽金属合金製シリンダヘッドに圧入されるバルブシートであって、該バルブシートの外周面の少なくとも1箇所に粗面化領域として、圧入方向で前記外周面を基準として山高さが5~80μmとなる凸状部および/または谷深さが5~100μmとなる凹状部を有してなり、該粗面化領域が、前記外周面の全域に対する面積率で、合計で0.3%以上であることを特徴とする耐抜落ち性に優れたバルブシート。
- 前記凸状部が、該凸状部の山高さが前記外周面を基準とし、該基準から圧入方向に沿って最大山高さまで連続的に、あるいは段階的に増加する、傾斜した山高さを有する領域であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバルブシート。
- 前記凹状部が、該凹状部の谷深さが前記外周面を基準とし、圧入方向に沿って最大谷深さから前記基準まで連続的に、あるいは段階的に減少する傾斜した谷深さを有する領域であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバルブシート。
- 前記粗面化領域として、圧入方向に延在する凹部と凸部とが隣接してなる凹凸を前記圧入方向に垂直な方向に複数列有する凹凸混合部、および/または、円周方向に延在する凹部と凸部とが隣接してなる凹凸を前記円周方向に垂直な方向に複数列有する凹凸混合部、を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のバルブシート。
- 前記凹凸混合部における前記凹部と前記凸部の延在する方向が、前記圧入方向とのなす角で、0°超90°未満の範囲内の角度を有する方向であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のバルブシート。
- 前記粗面化領域として、前記凹凸混合部が、一定方向に延在する複数列の凹部と、該一定方向に対して垂直方向に延在する複数列の凹部とを組み合せてなる格子状凹部を有し、該格子状凹部の各格子内に凸部を有してなる凹凸からなることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のバルブシート。
- 前記凸部が、前記外周面を基準として、山高さで5~80μmとなる凸部であり、前記凹部が、前記外周面を基準として、谷深さで5~100μmとなる凹部であることを特徴とする請求項4ないし6のいずれかに記載のバルブシート。
- 前記凹凸混合部が、前記延在する方向に垂直な断面で、隣接する2つの前記凸部の間隔であるピッチで、1~600μmである凹凸を有することを特徴とする請求項4ないし7のいずれかに記載のバルブシート。
- 前記凹凸混合部の複数列の凸部の山高さが、前記外周面を基準として一定の高さであるか、あるいは該基準から、圧入方向に沿って増加することを特徴とする請求項4ないし8のいずれかに記載のバルブシート。
- 前記粗面化領域が、前記外周面に対し垂直方向から観察して、三角形状、四角形状、円形形状、半円形状、星形形状のいずれかを呈することを特徴とする請求項1ないし9のいずれかに記載のバルブシート。
- 前記粗面化領域が、前記三角形状、前記四角形状、前記円形形状、前記半円形状、前記星形形状のいずれかの周縁のみに前記凸状部または前記凹状部を形成することを特徴とする請求項10に記載のバルブシート。
- 前記粗面化領域を、円周方向に等間隔の各位置に形成することを特徴とする請求項1ないし11のいずれかに記載のバルブシート。
- 前記バルブシートが鉄基焼結合金製であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし12のいずれかに記載のバルブシート。
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