WO2018006266A1 - 全景感应装置 - Google Patents

全景感应装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018006266A1
WO2018006266A1 PCT/CN2016/088574 CN2016088574W WO2018006266A1 WO 2018006266 A1 WO2018006266 A1 WO 2018006266A1 CN 2016088574 W CN2016088574 W CN 2016088574W WO 2018006266 A1 WO2018006266 A1 WO 2018006266A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fresnel
frustum
fresnel lens
sensing device
tooth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/088574
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡笑平
Original Assignee
博立多媒体控股有限公司
胡笑平
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 博立多媒体控股有限公司, 胡笑平 filed Critical 博立多媒体控股有限公司
Priority to CN201680087373.4A priority Critical patent/CN109416157A/zh
Priority to JP2019500281A priority patent/JP2019527928A/ja
Priority to EP16907771.6A priority patent/EP3477186A4/en
Priority to US16/315,581 priority patent/US20190235218A1/en
Priority to CA3029648A priority patent/CA3029648A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/088574 priority patent/WO2018006266A1/zh
Publication of WO2018006266A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018006266A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0076—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a detector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
    • H01L31/02325—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device the optical elements not being integrated nor being directly associated with the device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S9/00—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply
    • F21S9/02—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator
    • F21S9/03—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a battery or accumulator rechargeable by exposure to light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0009—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0009—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only
    • G02B19/0014—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only at least one surface having optical power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
    • G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0076—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a detector
    • G02B19/008—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a detector adapted to collect light from a complete hemisphere or a plane extending 360 degrees around the detector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/009—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with infrared radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/0006—Arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/86—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors in the form of reflective coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/75—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with conical reflective surfaces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of panoramic sensing devices, and in particular, to an inductive device for performing large field of view angle sensing using a Fresnel lens, which is suitable for a panoramic or non-panoramic large viewing angle application scenario.
  • panoramic sensing technology has become increasingly widespread.
  • the existing panoramic sensing technology usually adopts the design idea of "inside point detection", that is, comprehensively detecting the situation in the sensing range, and the inductive spectrum segment mainly includes infrared light and visible light.
  • the concentrating lens used is generally designed as a spherical Fresnel lens.
  • a conventional panoramic sensing device can refer to FIG. 1, including a spherical Fresnel lens AA and a light sensing device B B .
  • the spherical Fresnel lens AA is a composite Fresnel lens whose outer surface is a tooth surface, the tooth surface of which is composed of a plurality of Fresnel elements aa densely covered on the spherical surface;
  • the light sensing device BB adopts a passive infrared sensing device (PIR)
  • the Fresnel unit is densely covered on the surface of the spherical surface, so the area of a single Fresnel unit is relatively small, and the sensing distance is small, and the coverage is also small. Smaller, it is difficult to achieve a wide range of panoramic sensing.
  • a panoramic sensing device comprising a Fresnel lens system and a light sensing device.
  • the Fresnel lens system comprises a composite Fresnel lens shaped as a frustum, at least one of an inner surface and an outer surface of the side wall of the frustum being a tooth surface, the tooth surface being distributed with at least two Fresnel Unit.
  • Light sensing device Used to sense the light that converges through the Fresnel lens system.
  • a composite Fresnel lens in the shape of a frustum is used to realize the sensing of the boundary of the detection range, which is sufficient for most application scenarios that only need to detect the peripheral boundary. It is.
  • the composite Fresnel refractive surface disposed on the side wall of the frustum only detects the boundary without having to take into account the internal points, so the sensing distance can be designed to be larger to obtain a larger detection range.
  • the composite Fresnel refractive surface disposed on the side wall of the frustum is greatly reduced in processing difficulty, and the precision and yield can be correspondingly improved.
  • the device according to the invention can receive optical signals from various directions, it can also be used as a light energy collector, for example, in a solar power generation system that does not require a day.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional panoramic sensing device
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a reflective Fresnel lens used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a panoramic sensing device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a panoramic sensing device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a panoramic sensing device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a panoramic sensing device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • a Fresnel lens is employed in the panoramic sensing device according to the present invention, and for ease of understanding, the related concepts will be described below.
  • a Fresnel lens is a thin lens. By dividing the original original surface of the ordinary lens into segments, the Fresnel lens is formed by placing the segments on the same plane or the same substantially smooth surface after reducing the thickness of each segment.
  • This discontinuous refraction surface evolved from the original surface can be called a Fresnel refraction surface, which is generally stepped or toothed.
  • the Fresnel refraction surface generated by an original surface can be called a Fresnel unit, and each Fresnel unit has its own optical center.
  • a plurality of "teeth" forming a Fresnel unit can be formed into concentric circles. Or concentric elliptical structures.
  • a macroscopic surface composed of one or more Fresnel cells is referred to as a tooth surface.
  • the "macro surface” pair referred to in this article In the case of a smooth surface, it refers to the smooth surface itself, and to the tooth surface refers to the smooth envelope surface of the tooth surface, in other words, the macroscopic physical shape of the tooth surface as a whole.
  • a tooth surface containing only one Fresnel unit is called a "simple Fresnel refractive surface”
  • a tooth surface containing two or more Fresnel elements is called a “composite Fresnel refractive surface”.
  • a lens having a tooth surface on one side and a smooth surface on the other side may be referred to as a "single-sided Fresnel lens", and may include, for example, a “single-sided simple Fresnel lens” and a “single-sided composite Fresnel lens".
  • a lens with a tooth surface on both sides can be called a "double-sided Fresnel lens”.
  • the Fresnel lens may also be combined with a reflective surface to form a reflective Fresnel lens, for example, a reflective film on one side of a single-sided or double-sided Fresnel lens, or, after a Fresnel lens Set a mirror on the light path.
  • a reflective single-sided simple Fresnel lens has a simple Fresnel refractive surface CC on one side and a smooth surface DD coated with a reflective film on the other side, which may be a flat surface or a Concave or convex.
  • the frustum is represented by a circular table having a circular cross section.
  • a frustum having other shapes in cross section may be used, for example, a frustum having a square or polygonal cross section. .
  • FIG. 3 One embodiment of a panoramic sensing device in accordance with the present invention can be seen in FIG. 3, including a Fresnel lens system 10 and a light sensing device 120.
  • the Fresnel lens system 110 includes a composite Fresnel lens 111 in the shape of a frustum, the inner surface of which is a tooth surface (indicated by a broken line in the figure), and the outer surface is smooth.
  • the tooth flanks may also be located on the outer surface of the frustum, or the inner and outer surfaces of the frustum may be tooth flanks.
  • Fresnel lens system 110 also includes a top Fresnel lens 112 disposed on the top surface of the frustum.
  • top surface refers to the smaller end
  • bottom refers to the larger end.
  • the top Fresnel lens has a planar circular shape and conforms to the shape of the top surface of the frustum.
  • the top Fresnel lens 1 12 is a single-sided simple Fresnel lens, the tooth surface is located on the inner surface, and is composed of a Fresnel unit, and the center of the Fresnel unit coincides with the rotation axis of the frustum .
  • all Fresnel cells in the Fresnel lens system have a common focus, so the light sensing device 120 is one, disposed at the common focus (on the bottom surface of the frustum).
  • Light perception in the present invention may be any one or more segments of the electromagnetic spectrum, for example: visible light
  • infrared light radar waves, radio waves, microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays, etc.
  • the macroscopic curved surface of the Fresnel lens system of the present embodiment includes a tapered surface inside the frustum and a plane at the top of the frustum
  • lens surface areas flange side walls
  • boundary detection which not only has a high signal-to-noise ratio, but also greatly increases the range of monitoring.
  • the Fresnel unit on the side wall of the frustum is evenly distributed around the rotation axis of the frustum.
  • the shape of the Fresnel unit is uniform and evenly distributed, which can further reduce the difficulty of processing; on the other hand, the detection distance and performance of the device in all directions are consistent.
  • the Fresnel unit on the inner surface of the frustum side wall is disposed in only one row around the rotation axis of the frustum. This makes the area of the single lens unit as large as possible, thereby further increasing the range of monitoring without increasing the overall area of the lens.
  • the device of the embodiment not only has strong boundary detection capability, but also can focus light from various directions to the same focal plane. Therefore, it can also be used in a solar power generation system that does not require a heliosystem, and is formed into one. A solar system that is internally enclosed and suitable for use in all directions.
  • FIG. 4 One embodiment of a panoramic sensing device in accordance with the present invention can be seen in FIG. 4, including a Fresnel lens system 2 10 and a light sensing device 220.
  • the Fresnel lens system 210 includes a composite Fresnel lens 211 having a frustum shape, the inner surface of which is a tooth surface (indicated by a broken line in the figure), and the outer surface is smooth.
  • Fresnel lens system 210 also includes a top Fresnel lens 212 disposed on the top surface of the frustum.
  • the top Fresnel lens is in the shape of a cone whose bottom surface coincides with the top surface of the frustum.
  • the top Fresnel lens 212 is a single-sided simple Fresnel lens, the tooth surface is located on the inner surface, and is composed of a Fresnel unit, and the center of the Fresnel unit coincides with the rotation axis of the frustum.
  • the Fresnel lens system 210 further includes a bottom mirror 213 disposed on the bottom surface of the frustum. Bottom mirror
  • the shape of the 213 is a flat circle and conforms to the shape of the bottom surface of the frustum.
  • Bottom mirror in this embodiment In the case of a reflective Fresnel lens, the reflecting surface is a flat surface, and the tooth surface is a simple Fresnel refractive surface or a composite Fresnel refractive surface. In other embodiments, the bottom mirror can also employ a simple planar or curved mirror.
  • the light sensing device 220 is one, which may be a single-sided sensing device or a double-sided sensing device, and is disposed at a common focus of each Fresnel unit in the Fresnel lens system (on the top surface of the frustum) .
  • the top of the tapered shape is adopted, it is advantageous for protecting against dust and rain and snow, and avoiding the induction work. It is particularly advantageous to use a tapered top for an inductive device mounted top up.
  • the bottom mirror is added, the detection angle of the device can be effectively increased.
  • the bottom mirror uses a reflective Fresnel lens, it is possible to condense again at the same side of the reflection, further improving the signal intensity.
  • An embodiment of a panoramic sensing device according to the present invention may refer to FIG. 5, including a Fresnel lens system 3
  • Fresnel lens system 310 includes a composite Fresnel lens 311 in the shape of a frustum, the inner surface and the outer surface of the side wall of the frustum are both tooth surfaces (in the figure, the Fresnel unit of the inner surface) Indicated by the dotted line, the Fresnel unit of the outer surface is indicated by a solid line).
  • the Fresnel elements on each tooth surface are evenly distributed around the axis of rotation of the frustum, and the number of Fresnel elements on the two tooth faces is the same. In other embodiments, the number of Fresnel elements on the inner and outer teeth may also differ.
  • the center of the Fresnel unit located on the inner surface is equidistant from the center of the Fresnel unit located on the outer surface. Since the signal intensity of the Fresnel lens is strongest near the center position, this structure can effectively extend the range of detection.
  • the centers of the Fresnel cells respectively located on the inner and outer surfaces may also coincide with each other.
  • Fresnel lens system 310 also includes a top Fresnel lens 312 disposed on the top surface of the frustum.
  • the top Fresnel lens has a planar circular shape and conforms to the shape of the top surface of the frustum.
  • the top Fresnel lens 312 is a single-sided composite Fresnel lens, the tooth surface is located on the inner surface, and the Fresnel unit on the tooth surface is evenly distributed around the rotation axis of the frustum.
  • the tooth surface of the top Fresnel lens 312 adopts a structure in which a Fresnel unit surrounds a center Fresnel unit 312a, and The back side of the central Fresnel unit is also plated with a reflective film formed as a reflective Fresnel lens.
  • the Fresnel lens system 310 further includes a bottom mirror 313 disposed on the bottom surface of the frustum.
  • the bottom mirror 313 may employ a specular mirror having the shape of another frustum, the bottom surface of which coincides with the bottom surface of the frustum formed by the composite Fresnel lens 311.
  • the top surface of the bottom mirror serves as a mounting base.
  • the light sensing device in this embodiment may be one or more (not shown).
  • a plurality of light sensing devices can be disposed on the bottom mirror 313, each light sensing device corresponding to the focus of one or more Fresnel cells in the Fresnel lens system 310.
  • two mirrors are used, which have a more flexible optical path design space, so as to realize detection of a large angle range in a compact structure.
  • the top Fresnel lens uses a planar Fresnel lens, it is possible to detect another narrower boundary inside the detection boundary of the frustum-shaped composite Fresnel lens. This "double boundary detection" can The peers of the detection range are guaranteed to effectively improve the reliability of the detection function of the device.
  • the panoramic sensing device of the present embodiment can be used not only for highly reliable signal detection but also for solar energy collection and utilization.
  • One embodiment of a panoramic sensing device in accordance with the present invention can include Fresnel lens system 4 10 and light sensing device 420 with reference to FIG.
  • Fresnel lens system 410 includes a composite Fresnel lens 411 in the shape of a frustum having an inner surface that is a toothed surface and a smooth outer surface.
  • the side wall of the frustum continues upwardly from the top surface and is formed as a complete tapered surface, except that the Fresnel unit is no longer distributed in the side wall portion above the top surface, so this embodiment monitors only the boundary signal.
  • This complete tapered closure structure also has the advantage of the tapered top portion described in Example 2.
  • the Fresnel lens system 410 further includes a bottom mirror 413 disposed on the bottom surface of the frustum. Bottom mirror
  • the light sensing device 420 is a common focal point (located on the top surface of the frustum) of each Fresnel unit disposed in the Fresnel lens system.
  • the apparatus of the embodiment further includes a solar rechargeable battery 430, which Used to act as a mounting base for the device, the photovoltaic panel is placed around the base.
  • the photovoltaic panels are also detachably disposed external to the sensing device. The solar power supply eliminates the need to connect the power cord, providing more flexibility and convenience for installation and use of the unit.
  • the method may include:
  • Wireless communication module for wireless communication with other devices working together; other devices such as a panoramic video surveillance system, an alarm system, etc.; said wireless communication includes: infrared communication, 433MHz public frequency band wireless communication, WiFi communication , Bluetooth communication, near field communication, RFID communication, etc.; wireless communication can further eliminate the trouble of wiring, and bring greater freedom to the use of the device;
  • a signal analysis and processing module for analyzing and processing a detection signal generated by the light sensing device
  • Control module used to control the overall working state of the device.

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Abstract

一种全景感应装置，包括菲涅尔透镜系统（110）和光感应器件（120）。菲涅尔透镜系统（110）包括一形状为锥台的复合菲涅尔透镜（111），该锥台的侧壁的内表面和外表面中的至少一者为齿面，该齿面上分布有至少两个菲涅尔单元。光感应器件（120）用于感应经菲涅尔透镜系统（110）会聚的光线。由于采用一形状为锥台的复合菲涅尔透镜来实现对检测范围的边界的感应，在透镜面积整体相同的情况下，能够获得更大的检测范围，或者收集来自各个方向的光能量。并且布置在锥台侧壁的复合菲涅尔折射面与布置在球面或球状多面体上的复合菲涅尔折射面相比，加工难度降低，精度和优良率也相应提高。

Description

全景感应装置 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及全景感应装置技术领域， 具体涉及一种采用菲涅尔透镜进行大视场 角感应的感应装置， 适用于全景或非全景的大视场角应用场景。
[0002] 背景技术
[0003] 全景感应技术的应用已日益广泛。 现有的全景感应技术通常采用"内点检测"的 设计思路， 即， 全面检测感应范围内各处的情况， 通常感应的光谱段主要包括 红外光和可见光。 基于这种检测思路， 所采用的聚光透镜一般被设计为球面菲 涅尔透镜。
[0004] 一种现有的全景感应装置可参考图 1， 包括球面菲涅尔透镜 AA和光感应器件 B B。 其中球面菲涅尔透镜 AA是外表面为齿面的复合菲涅尔透镜， 其齿面由密布 在球面上的多个菲涅尔单元 aa组成； 光感应器件 BB采用被动红外感应器件 （PIR
[0005] 由于球形的复合菲涅尔透镜的原始模具的制作非常困难， 尤其是希望将齿面设 置在球面的内表面吋。 因此， 在实际应用中， 常采用球形多面体去近似球面， 先进行各个面的平面制作后再拼合成近似为球形的多面体。 显然球形多面体在 生产吋同样对精度有很高的要求。 并且其相邻面之间的棱角部位使得内点检测 的思路在实现上始终会存在盲区。
[0006] 另一方面， 由于在内点检测的思路下， 菲涅尔单元密布在球面的表面， 因此单 个菲涅尔单元的面积是相对较小的， 其感应距离就较小， 覆盖范围也较小， 难 以实现大范围的全景感应。
[0007]
[0008] 发明内容
[0009] 依据本发明提供一种全景感应装置， 包括菲涅尔透镜系统和光感应器件。 菲涅 尔透镜系统包括一形状为锥台的复合菲涅尔透镜， 该锥台的侧壁的内表面和外 表面中的至少一者为齿面， 该齿面上分布有至少两个菲涅尔单元。 光感应器件 用于感应经菲涅尔透镜系统会聚的光线。
[0010] 依据本发明的全景感应装置， 采用一形状为锥台的复合菲涅尔透镜来实现对检 测范围的边界的感应， 这对于绝大多数只需要检测外围边界的应用场景而言已 经足够了。 在透镜面积整体相同的情况下， 布置在锥台侧壁的复合菲涅尔折射 面仅检测边界而不必兼顾各处内点， 因此感应距离可以设计得较大从而获得更 大的检测范围。 并且布置在锥台侧壁的复合菲涅尔折射面与布置在球面或球状 多面体上的复合菲涅尔折射面相比， 加工难度大大降低， 精度和良率也能相应 提高。
[0011] 由于依据本发明的装置可以接收来自各个方向的光信号， 因此也可用作光能收 集器， 例如， 用于不需要跟日的太阳能发电系统中。
[0012] 以下结合附图， 对依据本发明的具体示例进行详细说明。
[0013] 附图说明
[0014] 图 1是现有一种全景感应装置的示意图；
[0015] 图 2是本发明中使用的一种反射式菲涅尔透镜示意图；
[0016] 图 3是依据本发明的实施例 1的全景感应装置的示意图；
[0017] 图 4是依据本发明的实施例 2的全景感应装置的示意图；
[0018] 图 5是依据本发明的实施例 3的全景感应装置的示意图；
[0019] 图 6是依据本发明的实施例 4的全景感应装置的示意图。
[0020] 具体实施方式
[0021] 依据本发明的全景感应装置中采用了菲涅尔透镜， 为便于理解， 以下先对相关 概念进行介绍。
[0022] 菲涅尔 （Fresnel) 透镜是一种薄型透镜。 通过将普通透镜连续的原始曲面分割 成若干段， 在减少每段的厚度后将各段曲面置于同一平面或同一基本光滑的曲 面上即形成为菲涅尔透镜。 这种由原始曲面演变而来的不连续的折射面可称为 菲涅尔折射面， 一般呈阶梯状或齿状。 可以将由一个原始曲面生成的菲涅尔折 射面称为一个菲涅尔单元， 每个菲涅尔单元都有自己的光学中心， 组成一个菲 涅尔单元的多个"齿"可形成为同心圆或同心椭圆结构。
[0023] 由一个或多个菲涅尔单元组成的宏观曲面称为齿面。 本文中所称"宏观曲面"对 于光滑表面而言指光滑表面自身， 对于齿面而言指该齿面的平滑包络面， 换言 之， 指齿面整体所具有的宏观物理形状。 只含有一个菲涅尔单元的齿面称为 "简 单菲涅尔折射面"， 含有两个以上菲涅尔单元的齿面称为"复合菲涅尔折射面"。 一面为齿面而另一面光滑的透镜可称为"单面菲涅尔透镜"， 例如可包括"单面简 单菲涅尔透镜 "和"单面复合菲涅尔透镜"。 两面均为齿面的透镜则可称为"双面菲 涅尔透镜"。
[0024] 菲涅尔透镜还可以与反射面结合形成为反射式菲涅尔透镜， 例如， 在单面或双 面菲涅尔透镜的一个面上镀反射膜， 或者， 在菲涅尔透镜之后的光路上设置一 个反射镜。 参考图 2， 是一种反射式单面简单菲涅尔透镜， 其一面是简单菲涅尔 折射面 CC， 另一面是镀有反射膜的光滑表面 DD， 该光滑表面可以是平面， 也可 以是凹面或凸面。
[0025] 以下结合具体示例对依据本发明的全景感应装置进行举例说明。 简明起见， 在 以下实施例中， 以横截面为圆形的圆台来表示锥台， 在其他实施方式中， 也可 采用横截面为其他形状的锥台， 例如横截面为方形或多边形的锥台。
[0026]
[0027] 实施例 1
[0028] 依据本发明的全景感应装置的一种实施方式可参考图 3， 包括菲涅尔透镜系统 1 10和光感应器件 120。
[0029] 菲涅尔透镜系统 110包括一形状为锥台的复合菲涅尔透镜 111， 该锥台的侧壁的 内表面为齿面 （图中以虚线表示） ， 外表面光滑。 在其他实施方式中， 齿面也 可位于锥台的外表面， 或者锥台的内外表面均为齿面。
[0030] 菲涅尔透镜系统 110还包括一顶部菲涅尔透镜 112， 设置于锥台的顶面。 本文中 所称"顶面"指面积较小的一端， "底面"指面积较大的一端。 该顶部菲涅尔透镜的 形状为平面圆形， 且与锥台的顶面的形状一致。 本实施例中， 顶部菲涅尔透镜 1 12为单面简单菲涅尔透镜， 齿面位于内表面， 由一个菲涅尔单元组成， 且该菲 涅尔单元的中心与锥台的旋转轴重合。
[0031] 本实施例中， 菲涅尔透镜系统中的所有菲涅尔单元具有共同的焦点， 因此光感 应器件 120为一个， 设置于该共同的焦点 （位于锥台的底面） 。 本发明中的光感 应器件所感应的光谱范围可以是电磁波谱中的任意一段或多段， 例如： 可见光
、 红外光、 雷达波、 无线电波、 微波、 X-光、 伽马射线等。
[0032] 本实施例的菲涅尔透镜系统的宏观曲面包括锥台内部的锥面和锥台顶部的平面
， 这使得与现有球面或球形多面体结构的菲涅尔透镜相比， 制作难度大为降低
。 并且利用大量的透镜表面积 （锥台侧壁） 用于边界检测， 不仅信噪比高， 也 大幅提高了监控的范围。
[0033] 作为一种优选的实施方式， 本实施例中， 锥台侧壁上的菲涅尔单元围绕着锥台 的旋转轴均匀分布。 一方面， 菲涅尔单元的形状一致且分布均匀， 能够进一步 降低加工制作的难度； 另一方面， 使得装置在各个方向上的检测距离和性能保 持一致。
[0034] 进一步优选地， 本实施例中， 围绕着锥台的旋转轴， 锥台侧壁的内表面上的菲 涅尔单元仅设置一排。 这使得单个透镜单元的面积尽可能地大， 从而在不增加 透镜整体面积的情况下， 进一步提高监控的范围。
[0035] 本实施例装置不仅有很强的边界检测能力， 还能将来自各个方向的光聚焦到同 一个焦平面， 因此， 也可用于不需要跟日系统的太阳能发电系统中， 形成为一 种内部封闭且在各个方向适用的太阳能系统。
[0036]
[0037] 实施例 2
[0038] 依据本发明的全景感应装置的一种实施方式可参考图 4， 包括菲涅尔透镜系统 2 10和光感应器件 220。
[0039] 菲涅尔透镜系统 210包括一形状为锥台的复合菲涅尔透镜 211， 该锥台的侧壁的 内表面为齿面 （图中以虚线表示） ， 外表面光滑。
[0040] 菲涅尔透镜系统 210还包括一顶部菲涅尔透镜 212， 设置于锥台的顶面。 该顶部 菲涅尔透镜的形状为圆锥， 该圆锥的底面与锥台的顶面重合。 本实施例中， 顶 部菲涅尔透镜 212为单面简单菲涅尔透镜， 齿面位于内表面， 由一个菲涅尔单元 组成， 且该菲涅尔单元的中心与锥台的旋转轴重合。
[0041] 菲涅尔透镜系统 210还包括一底部反射镜 213， 设置于锥台的底面。 底部反射镜
213的形状为平面圆形， 且与锥台的底面的形状一致。 本实施例中的底部反射镜 为反射式菲涅尔透镜， 其反射面为平面， 齿面为简单菲涅尔折射面或者为复合 菲涅尔折射面。 在其他实施方式中， 底部反射镜也可采用简单的平面或曲面反 射镜。
[0042] 光感应器件 220为一个， 其可以是单面感应器件也可以是双面感应器件， 设置 于菲涅尔透镜系统中各个菲涅尔单元的共同的焦点 （位于锥台的顶面） 。
[0043] 本实施例中， 由于采用了尖锥形的顶部， 使得有利于对灰尘和雨雪的防护， 避 免影响感应工作。 对于顶面朝上安装的感应装置而言， 采用尖锥形顶部是特别 有利的。 此外， 由于增加了底部反射镜， 能有效增大装置的检测角度。 并且， 由于底部反射镜采用反射式菲涅尔透镜， 能够在反射的同吋进行再次聚光， 进 一步提高了信号强度。
[0044]
[0045] 实施例 3
[0046] 依据本发明的全景感应装置的一种实施方式可参考图 5， 包括菲涅尔透镜系统 3
10和光感应器件 （未图示） 。
[0047] 菲涅尔透镜系统 310包括一形状为锥台的复合菲涅尔透镜 311， 该锥台的侧壁的 内表面和外表面均为齿面 （图中， 内表面的菲涅尔单元以虚线表示， 外表面的 菲涅尔单元以实线表示） 。 每个齿面上的菲涅尔单元围绕着锥台的旋转轴均匀 分布， 两个齿面上的菲涅尔单元的数量相同。 在其他实施方式中， 内外两个齿 面上的菲涅尔单元的数量也可以不同。 作为一种优选的实施方式， 本实施例中 ， 位于内表面的菲涅尔单元的中心与位于外表面的菲涅尔单元的中心等距离错 幵。 由于菲涅尔透镜的信号强度在中心位置附近是最强的， 因此这种结构能有 效扩展检测的范围。 在其他实施方式中， 分别位于内外表面的菲涅尔单元的中 心也可以彼此重合。
[0048] 菲涅尔透镜系统 310还包括一顶部菲涅尔透镜 312， 设置于锥台的顶面。 该顶部 菲涅尔透镜的形状为平面圆形， 且与锥台的顶面的形状一致。 本实施例中， 顶 部菲涅尔透镜 312为单面复合菲涅尔透镜， 齿面位于内表面， 齿面上的菲涅尔单 元围绕着锥台的旋转轴均匀分布。 作为一种优选的实施方式， 该顶部菲涅尔透 镜 312的齿面采用周围一圈菲涅尔单元环绕中心一个菲涅尔单元 312a的结构， 且 位于中心的菲涅尔单元的背面还镀有反射膜， 形成为反射式菲涅尔透镜。
[0049] 菲涅尔透镜系统 310还包括一底部反射镜 313， 设置于锥台的底面。 底部反射镜 313可采用镜面反射镜， 其形状为另一锥台， 该另一锥台的底面与复合菲涅尔透 镜 311形成的锥台的底面重合。 底部反射镜的顶面可作为安装基座。
[0050] 本实施例中的光感应器件可以是一个或多个 （未图示） 。 例如， 可在底部反射 镜 313上设置多个光感应器件， 每个光感应器件对应于菲涅尔透镜系统 310中的 一个或多个菲涅尔单元的焦点。
[0051] 本实施例中， 采用了两个反射镜， 具有更加灵活的光路设计空间， 以便于在紧 凑的结构中实现大角度范围的检测。 此外， 由于顶部菲涅尔透镜采用了平面形 状的复合菲涅尔透镜， 能够在锥台形复合菲涅尔透镜的检测边界内部检测另一 个范围较小的边界， 这种"双边界检测"能够在保障检测范围的同吋， 有效提高装 置的检测功能的可靠性。
[0052] 本实施例的全景感应装置不仅可以用于高可靠的信号检测， 也可用于太阳能的 收集和利用。
[0053]
[0054] 实施例 4
[0055] 依据本发明的全景感应装置的一种实施方式可参考图 6， 包括菲涅尔透镜系统 4 10和光感应器件 420。
[0056] 菲涅尔透镜系统 410包括一形状为锥台的复合菲涅尔透镜 411， 该锥台的侧壁的 内表面为齿面， 外表面光滑。 该锥台的侧壁从顶面继续向上延伸并形成为完整 的锥面， 只不过在顶面以上的侧壁部分不再分布有菲涅尔单元， 因此本实施例 仅监控边界信号。 这种完整锥面的封闭结构同样具有实施例 2中所描述的尖锥形 顶部的优点。
[0057] 菲涅尔透镜系统 410还包括一底部反射镜 413， 设置于锥台的底面。 底部反射镜
413为反射式菲涅尔透镜。
[0058] 光感应器件 420为一个， 设置于菲涅尔透镜系统中各个菲涅尔单元的共同的焦 点 （位于锥台的顶面） 。
[0059] 作为一种优选的实施方式， 本实施例装置还包括太阳能可充电电池 430， 其可 用于充当装置的安装底座， 光伏板设置在底座的周围。 在其他实施方式中， 光 伏板也可分离地设置在感应装置的外部。 使用太阳能供电方式可以不必连接电 源线， 从而给装置的安装和使用带来更多的灵活性和便利性。
[0060] 除了太阳能供电装置以外， 本发明的各种实施方式中还可进一步包括其他功能 模块， 可根据具体应用场景或设计需要进行选择和配置， 例如， 可包括：
[0061] 无线通信模块： 用于与其他协同工作的装置进行无线通信； 其他装置例如可以 是全景视频监控系统、 警报系统等； 所称无线通信包括： 红外通信， 433MHz公 用频段无线通信， WiFi通信， 蓝牙通信， 近场通信， RFID通信等； 采用无线通 信能够进一步省去接线的麻烦， 为装置的使用带来更大的自由度；
[0062] 信号分析和处理模块： 用于分析和处理光感应器件产生的检测信号；
[0063] 控制模块： 用于控制装置的整体工作状态。
[0064]
[0065] 以上应用具体示例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述， 应该理解， 以上实 施方式只是用于帮助理解本发明， 而不应理解为对本发明的限制。 对于本领域 的一般技术人员， 依据本发明的思想， 可以对上述具体实施方式进行变化。 技术问题
问题的解决方案
发明的有益效果

Claims

权利要求书
一种全景感应装置， 其特征在于， 包括，
菲涅尔透镜系统， 其包括一形状为锥台的复合菲涅尔透镜， 所述锥台 的侧壁的内表面和外表面中的至少一者为齿面， 该齿面上分布有至少 两个菲涅尔单元； 以及
光感应器件， 用于感应经所述菲涅尔透镜系统会聚的光线。
如权利要求 1所述的全景感应装置， 其特征在于，
所述锥台的侧壁的内表面或外表面中的一者为齿面， 另一者为光滑表 面， 所述齿面上的菲涅尔单元围绕着所述锥台的旋转轴均匀分布； 或 者
所述锥台的侧壁的内表面和外表面均为齿面， 每个齿面上的菲涅尔单 元围绕着所述锥台的旋转轴均匀分布， 两个齿面上的菲涅尔单元的数 量相同或不同。
如权利要求 2所述的全景感应装置， 其特征在于，
所述锥台的侧壁的内表面和外表面均为齿面， 两个齿面上的菲涅尔单 元的数量相同， 且位于内表面的菲涅尔单元的中心与位于外表面的菲 涅尔单元的中心彼此重合或等距离错幵。
如权利要求 1至 3任意一项所述的全景感应装置， 其特征在于， 所述菲涅尔透镜系统还包括顶部菲涅尔透镜， 设置于所述锥台的顶面
； 所述顶部菲涅尔透镜的形状为平面圆形， 且与所述锥台的顶面的形 状一致， 或者所述顶部菲涅尔透镜的形状为圆锥， 所述圆锥的底面与 所述锥台的顶面重合。
如权利要求 4所述的全景感应装置， 其特征在于，
所述顶部菲涅尔透镜为单面或双面简单菲涅尔透镜， 每个齿面由一个 菲涅尔单元组成， 且所述菲涅尔单元的中心与所述锥台的旋转轴重合 ； 或者
所述顶部菲涅尔透镜为单面或双面复合菲涅尔透镜， 每个齿面上的菲 涅尔单元围绕着所述锥台的旋转轴均匀分布。 如权利要求 5所述的全景感应装置， 其特征在于，
所述顶部菲涅尔透镜为双面复合菲涅尔透镜， 两个齿面上的菲涅尔单 元的数量相同， 且位于内表面的菲涅尔单元的中心与位于外表面的菲 涅尔单元的中心彼此重合或等距离错幵。
如权利要求 1至 6任意一项所述的全景感应装置， 其特征在于， 所述菲涅尔透镜系统还包括底部反射镜， 设置于所述锥台的底面； 所 述底部反射镜的形状为平面圆形， 且与所述锥台的底面的形状一致， 或者所述底部反射镜的形状为另一锥台， 所述另一锥台的底面与所述 锥台的底面重合。
如权利要求 7所述的全景感应装置， 其特征在于，
所述底部反射镜为镜面反射镜或反射式菲涅尔透镜， 所述反射式菲涅 尔透镜的反射面为平面， 齿面为简单菲涅尔折射面或者为复合菲涅尔 折射面， 且组成该复合菲涅尔折射面的菲涅尔单元围绕着所述锥台的 旋转轴均匀分布。
如权利要求 1至 8任意一项所述的全景感应装置， 其特征在于， 所述菲涅尔透镜系统中的所有菲涅尔单元具有共同的焦点， 所述光感 应器件为一个， 设置于该共同的焦点， 所述光感应器件为单面感应器 件或双面感应器件； 或者
所述菲涅尔透镜系统中的所有菲涅尔单元具有两个以上的焦点， 所述 光感应器件为两个以上， 至少一个光感应器件设置于所述两个以上的 焦点中的一个。 如权利要求 1至 9任意一项所述的全景感应装置， 其特征在于， 所述 的光感应器件为信号检测器件或光能收集器件。
如权利要求 1至 9任意一项所述的全景感应装置， 其特征在于， 还包括 以下特征中的至少一个：
围绕着所述锥台的旋转轴， 所述锥台侧壁的内表面或外表面上的菲涅 尔单元仅设置一排；
所述装置还包括太阳能供电装置， 用于采用太阳能为所述装置供电； 所述装置还包括无线通信模块， 用于与外部装置进行无线通
PCT/CN2016/088574 2016-07-05 2016-07-05 全景感应装置 WO2018006266A1 (zh)

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