WO2017206744A1 - 一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵及制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017206744A1
WO2017206744A1 PCT/CN2017/085267 CN2017085267W WO2017206744A1 WO 2017206744 A1 WO2017206744 A1 WO 2017206744A1 CN 2017085267 W CN2017085267 W CN 2017085267W WO 2017206744 A1 WO2017206744 A1 WO 2017206744A1
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acting
zinc
sulfur
long
quick
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PCT/CN2017/085267
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王仁宗
胡育化
刘裕
孙阳
刘春梅
田凯
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湖北富邦科技股份有限公司
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Priority to MA42874A priority Critical patent/MA42874B1/fr
Publication of WO2017206744A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017206744A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of chemical fertilizers in the field of agricultural technology, relates to a granular ammonium phosphate and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a granular ammonium phosphate having quick-acting and long-acting sulfur and zinc and a preparation method thereof.
  • the common characteristics of zinc deficiency in crops are: chlorosis of leaves, shortening of internodes, clustering, and leaflets.
  • the plant is short and the growth is inhibited, resulting in physiological diseases such as "frozen seedlings", “flower white seedlings” and "small fruit".
  • the grain and fruit have high emptying rate and low yield.
  • apples, citrus, peaches, lemons in fruits and vegetables, corn, rice and kidney beans, flax and hops in field crops are sensitive to zinc;
  • potatoes, tomatoes, onions, beets, alfalfa and clover are sensitive to zinc;
  • It is oat, barley, wheat and grasses, etc.; the interaction of sulfur, zinc, sulfur and zinc on crops can increase the absorption of nutrients by plants, promote the growth and development of crops, increase the seed setting rate, and enhance the cold resistance of crops.
  • disease resistance increase production, improve the quality of agricultural products.
  • soil application There are generally two ways to apply sulfur and zinc fertilizers: one is soil application, and the other is foliar application.
  • the proportion of nutrients absorbed by the two modes of application varies widely.
  • Soil application provides about 70% or more of nutrients.
  • Foliar spraying is mainly based on the small-scale peasant economy in China. Due to factors such as conditions and equipment, large-area applications are relatively difficult. Therefore, soil application is the main way for crops to supplement sulfur and zinc.
  • the traditional sulfur and zinc fertilizers applied to the soil among which the sulfur fertilizers are mainly sulfates such as ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate, and are easily lost by leaching and runoff after being applied to the soil, thereby causing a decrease in utilization rate.
  • the sulfur fertilizers are mainly sulfates such as ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate, and are easily lost by leaching and runoff after being applied to the soil, thereby causing a decrease in utilization rate.
  • the zinc ions may be affected by the following reasons, so that the effectiveness of zinc is reduced: soils with higher pH (such as calcium in the north, cinnamon soil, etc.) Soil), the soil itself contains a large amount of C0 3 2 ⁇ , HC0 3 ⁇ , PO 4 2 ⁇ plasma, and the zinc ions in the soil are easily fixed to form a form that is difficult to be absorbed by the crop; the soil rich in phosphorus, in the soil Zinc ions easily interact with phosphate to form a relatively stable zinc phosphate.
  • soils with higher pH such as calcium in the north, cinnamon soil, etc.
  • Soil soils with higher pH (such as calcium in the north, cinnamon soil, etc.) Soil)
  • the soil itself contains a large amount of C0 3 2 ⁇ , HC0 3 ⁇ , PO 4 2 ⁇ plasma
  • the zinc ions in the soil are easily fixed to form a form that is difficult to be absorbed by the crop
  • the soil rich in phosphorus, in the soil Zinc ions easily interact with
  • a granular ammonium phosphate having a quick-acting and long-acting sulfur and zinc and a preparation method thereof are provided, and the sulfur and zinc nutrients in the ammonium phosphate of the present invention have both quick-acting and long-acting properties;
  • Ammonium is granular, with a particle size of 2 to 4 mm. It is consistent with the size of granular fertilizers such as urea and compound fertilizer, and is convenient for mixed application.
  • Quick-acting and long-acting sulfur and zinc can meet the demand for sulfur and zinc throughout the growing period of the crop.
  • a granular ammonium phosphate having a quick-acting and long-acting sulfur and zinc characterized in that the granular ammonium phosphate comprises the following components: 60 to 90 parts by mass of powdered ammonium phosphate; 4 to 10 parts by mass of long-acting sulfur; 5 to 20 parts by mass of quick-acting sulfur; 1 to 10 parts by mass of long-acting zinc; 1 to 20 parts by mass of quick-acting zinc; 0 to 20 parts by mass of a filler; and 0 to 5 parts by mass of a binder.
  • the powdered ammonium phosphate is a mixture of one or both of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate, and has a fineness of 20 to 200 mesh.
  • the long-acting sulfur is a simple substance of sulfur
  • the quick-acting sulfur is a mixture of one or more of calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, and zinc sulfate.
  • the long-acting zinc is zinc oxide, a mixture of one or more of the quick-acting zinc zinc sulfate, zinc chloride and zinc nitrate.
  • the zinc sulfate is zinc sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate or anhydrous zinc sulfate.
  • the filler is one of a mixture of one or more of kaolin, bentonite, and talc.
  • the binder is a mixture of any one or two of an aqueous urea solution and a binder liquid, and a binder The percentage of mass is 0.2 to 0.8%.
  • the invention discloses a preparation method of granular ammonium phosphate with quick-acting and long-acting sulfur and zinc, which comprises the following steps: firstly taking the above-mentioned raw materials into powdered ammonium phosphate, long-acting sulfur, quick-acting sulfur, long-acting zinc, quick-acting The zinc and the filler are pulverized and mixed, and then placed in a granulator to be granulated and dried to obtain granular ammonium phosphate having quick-acting and long-acting sulfur and zinc.
  • the granulator is a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator.
  • the binder When a disc granulator is used, the binder is sprayed in proportion in a disc granulator, and the prepared ammonium phosphate particles have a particle diameter of 2 to 4 mm.
  • the particles are uniform, the particle size is 2 ⁇ 4 mm, which is consistent with the size of granular fertilizer such as urea and compound fertilizer, which is convenient for mixed application;
  • the invention also discloses a preparation method of the above granular ammonium phosphate: firstly pulverizing and mixing the proportion of ammonium phosphate, long-acting sulfur, quick-acting sulfur, long-acting zinc, quick-acting zinc and filler; then placing in a granulator for granulation .
  • the above granulator may be a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator. When a disc granulator is used, it is necessary to spray the above binder at the time of granulation.
  • the prepared granular ammonium phosphate is spherical or irregularly shaped.
  • the particle size of the particles is 2 to 4 mm.
  • the granular ammonium phosphate according to the present invention can be suitably used on crops such as rice, wheat, cotton, corn, and fruit trees. It has a good effect on zinc supplementation of crops.
  • the use effect of the zinc fertilizer of the present invention will be described below by using a case.
  • test results show that the same amount of river sand, the same amount of monoammonium phosphate, rice yield of this product are 508.5kg / acre, 540.8kg / acre, 581.2kg / acre, respectively, with the application of phosphate fertilizer and the same amount of monoammonium phosphate
  • the rice fertilizer to which the zinc fertilizer of the present invention was applied increased by 72.7 kg/mu and 39.3 kg/mu, respectively, and the yield increased by 14.3% and 7.7%, respectively.
  • the test fruit trees are about 12 plants per mu in the 12-year-old adult Changshan Huyou, with an average tree height of 3 m and a crown width of 3.5 m.
  • the product was applied 0.75kg/plant/year as a base fertilizer for one-time application (circulation), and the two demonstration areas were all 1 mu (48 strains).
  • the application of this product increased the juice rate of Changshan Huyou, respectively, by 3.8% and 5.7%; the application of this product can significantly increase the soluble solid content in the fruit;
  • the application of this product can increase the Vc content of fruits by 6.8% and 9.6%, respectively.
  • the yield increase of this product is increased by 8.7% and 9.4%, respectively.
  • test fruit trees are about 12 plants per mu in the 12-year-old adult Changshan Huyou, with an average tree height of 3 m and a crown width of 3.5 m.
  • the product was applied 0.70kg/plant/year, and it was applied as a base fertilizer at one time (circulation).
  • the two demonstration areas were all 1 mu (48 strains).

Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵及制备方法，所述具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵包括以下组分：60～90质量份粉状磷铵；4～10质量份长效硫；5～20质量份的速效硫；1～10质量份的长效锌；1～20质量份的速效锌；0～20质量份的填充剂；0～5质量份的粘结剂。本发明的磷铵中的硫、锌养分兼具有速效和长效特性；产品磷铵为颗粒状，粒径2～4毫米，与尿素、复合肥等颗粒肥料大小一致，方便参混施用；速效和长效硫、锌能满足作物整个生育期内对硫、锌需求，使用后，既可以及时缓解作物缺硫、缺锌症状，又能较长时间对作物提供3～7个月锌素、6～12个月硫素营养；改善农产品品质，增强作物的抗病虫害能力，能大幅提高作物产量。

Description

一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵及制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业技术领域中的化学肥料领域，涉及一种颗粒磷铵及其制备方法，尤其涉及一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵及制备方法。
背景技术
农作物生长过程中，会因为缺乏某种或某几种营养元素而出现产量降低、品质下降的现象，其中缺硫、缺锌是其中最为普遍。作物缺硫时其营养与生殖生长都会受到影响，由于硫在植物体内的移动性较小，因此，幼芽或幼嫩叶片首先退绿和变黄，心叶失绿黄化，茎杆细弱，根系长而不分枝，开化结果延长，果实减少。其中对硫敏感的作物为十字花科如油菜等，其次是豆科、烟草、棉花，禾本科植物需硫较少；作物缺锌的共同特点是:叶肉失绿，节间缩短，簇生、小叶，植株矮小，生长受到抑制，造成“僵苗”、“花白苗”、“小果”等生理性病害，籽粒、果实空瘪率高，产量低。其中果蔬中的苹果、柑橘、桃子、柠檬，大田作物中的玉米、水稻以及菜豆、亚麻和啤酒花等对锌敏感；其次马铃薯、番茄、洋葱、甜菜、苜蓿和三叶草对锌较敏感；不敏感作物为燕麦、大麦、小麦和禾本科牧草等；对作物补硫、补锌，硫、锌的相互作用，可以提高植物对养分的吸收，能促进作物生长发育，提高结实率，增强作物的抗寒、抗病能力，提高产量，改善农产品品质。
硫肥、锌肥的施用一般有两种方式:一是土壤施用，二是叶面喷施。二种施用方式所吸收的养分比例有很大差别。土壤施用提供的养分大约占到70％甚至更多。叶面喷施在我国小农经济为主的因为受条件、设备等因素影响，大面积应用相对较难。因此土壤施用是作物补硫、补锌的主要方式。
传统的施入土壤的硫肥、锌肥，其中硫肥主要以硫酸铵、硫酸钾等硫酸盐为主，其施入土壤后容易被淋洗、径流等方式流失从而造成利用率下降。而锌肥大多以硫酸锌为主，其中的锌离子可能会受到下面几种原因的影响，而使锌的有效性降低:pH值较高的土壤(如北方的钙土、褐土等石灰性土壤)，土壤本身含有大量的C03 2～、HC03～、PO4 2～等离子，土壤中的锌离子易被固定形成难于被作物吸收利用的形态；磷素较丰富的土壤， 土壤中的锌离子又易与磷酸根相互作用，形成相对稳定态的磷酸锌。上述的因素会使硫、锌的有效性或利用率降低，难以满足作物整个生育期多养分的需求。
提高作物整个生长发育时期的硫、锌素营养，是使作物获得高产和优质的保证。但是目前现有的硫肥、锌肥品种，很难做到速效性与长效性兼顾。长效养份溶解缓慢，难于满足作物生长前期对元素营养的需求；而速效养份，前期元素营养供应充足，但对作物生长后期又难于保证。
因此，需要提供一种兼具有速效和长效硫、锌的颗粒磷铵及其制备方法解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的为了解决上述问题，提供一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵及制备方法，本发明的磷铵中的硫、锌养分兼具有速效和长效特性；产品磷铵为颗粒状，粒径2～4毫米，与尿素、复合肥等颗粒肥料大小一致，方便参混施用；速效和长效硫、锌能满足作物整个生育期内对硫、锌需求，使用后，既可以及时缓解作物缺硫、缺锌症状，又能较长时间对作物提供3～7个月锌素、6～12个月硫素营养；改善农产品品质，增强作物的抗病虫害能力，能大幅提高作物产量。
一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵，其特征在于，所述颗粒磷铵包括以下组分:60～90质量份粉状磷铵；4～10质量份长效硫；5～20质量份的速效硫；1～10质量份的长效锌；1～20质量份的速效锌；0～20质量份的填充剂；0～5质量份的粘结剂。
所述的粉状磷铵为磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵中的一种或两种任意比的混合物，其细度在20～200目。
所述的长效硫为硫单质，所述的速效硫为硫酸钙、硫酸镁、硫酸铵、硫酸铁、硫酸铜、硫酸锰、硫酸锌中的一种或二者以上的混合物。
所述的长效锌为氧化锌，所述的速效锌硫酸锌、氯化锌、硝酸锌中的一种或二者以上的混合物。
所述的硫酸锌为一水硫酸锌、七水硫酸锌或无水硫酸锌。
所述填充剂为高岭土、膨润土、滑石粉中的一种或二者以上的混合物几种。
所述粘结剂为尿素水溶液、粘结剂液体中的一种或二种的任意比的混合物，粘结剂 的质量的百分比为0.2～0.8％。
一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤:先将上述各原料按比例取粉状磷铵、长效硫、速效硫、长效锌、速效锌、填充剂粉碎混合，再置于造粒机中造粒、烘干，得到具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵。
所述造粒机为圆盘造粒机或者挤压造粒机。
当采用圆盘造粒机时，在圆盘造粒机内按比例喷洒粘结剂，所制备的磷铵颗粒的粒径为2～4毫米。
本发明的颗粒磷铵，具有如下特点:
1、兼具有速效和长效的特点。使用后，既可以及时缓解作物缺硫、缺锌症状，又能较长时间对作物提供锌素(3～7个月)、硫素(6～12各月)营养；
2、颗粒均匀，粒径2～4毫米，与尿素、复合肥等颗粒肥料大小一致，方便参混施用；
3、全面提高作物硫、锌营养，促进径杆生长，防止僵苗、促进分蘖效果明显，具有较强的防病作用，能增强作物的抗病虫害能力，大幅度提高作物产量，改善农产品品质。
具体实施方式
在下文的描述中，给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本发明更为彻底的理解。然而，对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是，本发明可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中，为了避免与本发明发生混淆，对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
为了彻底了解本发明，将在下列的描述中提出详细的结构。显然，本发明的施行并不限定于本领域的技术人员所熟悉的特殊细节。本发明的较佳实施例详细描述如下，然而除了这些详细描述外，本发明还可以具有其他实施方式。
根据本发明一个实施例的颗粒磷铵包括以下组分:
60～90质量份磷铵；
4～10质量份长效硫；
5～20质量份的速效硫；
5～10质量份的长效锌；
5～20质量份的速效锌；
0～20质量份的填充剂；
0～5质量份的粘结剂。
本发明还公开了上述颗粒磷铵的制备方法:首先将比例的磷铵、长效硫、速效硫、长效锌、速效锌、填充剂粉碎混合；然后置于造粒机中，进行造粒。
上述造粒机可以为圆盘造粒机或者挤压造粒机。当使用圆盘造粒机时，在造粒时需要喷洒上述的粘结剂。
制备的颗粒磷铵为球形颗粒状或不规则棱型体状。颗粒的粒径为2～4毫米。
以下举例对本发明的实施例进行说明，如无特别说明，下面的份指的是质量份。
实施案例1
取650kg粉状磷酸一铵，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取200目硫磺60kg；取硫酸铵100kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取氧化锌10kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取无水硫酸锌12kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取168kg高岭土粉碎后，过20目筛子；将上述各份量原料粉碎混合均匀置入圆盘造粒机，用质量浓度为0.6％的尿素水溶液做粘结剂5kg，进行造粒。形成粒径2～4毫米的球形颗粒。
实施案例2
取750kg粉状磷酸一铵，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取200目硫磺100kg；取硫酸铵50kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取氧化锌80kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取无水硫酸锌150kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取77kg高岭土粉碎后，过20目筛子；将上述各份量原料粉碎混合均匀置入圆盘造粒机，质量浓度为0.5％的梭甲基纤维素水溶液做粘结剂10kg，进行造粒。形成粒径2～4毫米的球形颗粒。
实施案例3
取850kg粉状磷酸一铵，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取200目硫磺80kg；取硫酸铵50kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取氧化锌50kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取硝酸锌200kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；将上述各份量原料粉碎混合均匀置入挤压造粒机，挤压造粒。形成粒径2～4毫米的不规则棱型体。
实施案例4
取600kg粉状磷酸一铵，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取200目硫磺40kg；取硫酸铵200kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取氧化锌100kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取硝酸锌10kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；将上述各份量原料粉碎混合均匀置入挤压造粒机，挤压造粒。形成粒径2～4毫米的不规则棱型体。
实施案例5
取900kg粉状磷酸一铵，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取200目硫磺50kg；取硫酸铵80kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取氧化锌50kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；取硝酸锌100kg，粉碎后，过20目筛子；将上述各份量原料粉碎混合均匀置入挤压造粒机，挤压造粒。形成粒径2～4毫米的不规则棱型体。
本发明所述的颗粒磷铵，可以适合于在水稻、小麦、棉花、玉米、果树等作物上使用。对作物的补锌有较好效果。以下通过使用案例说明本发明的的锌肥的使用效果。
使用案例1
在水稻上进行的试验。试验设3个处理:施等量河沙(不施用磷肥)、施等量磷酸一铵、施用本品15kg/亩，做基肥，在整田时耕(旋)入水土中插秧前一次性施入。试验结果显示，施等量河沙、等量磷酸一铵、施用本品的水稻产量分别为508.5kg/亩、540.8kg/亩、581.2kg/亩，与不施磷肥和施等量磷酸一铵相比，施用本发明的锌肥的稻谷分别增产72.7kg/亩和39.3kg/亩，增产率分别达14.3％和7.7％。
使用案例2
在玉米上进行的对比示范试验，以等量磷酸一铵为对照，施用本品18kg/亩，作为基肥一次性施入(条施)，两块对比示范田快面积均为1.5亩。结果，施等量磷酸一铵的玉米产量为396.4kg/亩，施本品后玉米产量为432.5kg/亩，增产36.1kg/亩，增产率达9.1％。可见本品与传统磷铵相比，具有较好的增产效果。
使用案例3
对比肥效示范试验。供试果树为12龄成年常山胡柚每亩种植约50株，平均树高3m，冠幅3.5m。以等量磷酸一铵为对照，施用本品0.75kg/株/年，作为基肥一次性施入(环施)，两块对比示范面积均为1亩(48株)。与对照相比，施用本品分别提高常山胡柚的果汁率，提高幅度分别为3.8％、5.7％；施用本品能显著增加果实中可溶性固形物含量； 施用本品能提高果实Vc含量，提高幅度分别为6.8％、9.6％；施用本品的增产幅度分别提高8.7％、9.4％。
使用案例4
在玉米上进行的对比示范试验，以等量磷酸一铵为对照，施用本品20kg/亩，作为基肥一次性施入(条施)，两块对比示范田快面积均为1.5亩。结果，施等量磷酸一铵的玉米产量为398.4kg/亩，施本品后玉米产量为435.5kg/亩，增产37.1kg/亩，增产率达9.3％。可见本品与传统磷铵相比，具有较好的增产效果。
使用案例5
对比肥效示范试验。供试果树为12龄成年常山胡柚每亩种植约50株，平均树高3m，冠幅3.5m。以等量磷酸一铵为对照，施用本品0.70kg/株/年，作为基肥一次性施入(环施)，两块对比示范面积均为1亩(48株)。与对照相比，施用本品分别提高常山胡柚的果汁率，提高幅度分别为3.7％、5.6％；施用本品能显著增加果实中可溶性固形物含量；施用本品能提高果实Vc含量，提高幅度分别为6.7％、9.4％；施用本品的增产幅度分别提高8.6％、9.3％。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵，其特征在于，所述颗粒磷铵包括以下组分:60～90质量份粉状磷铵；4～10质量份长效硫；5～20质量份的速效硫；1～10质量份的长效锌；1～20质量份的速效锌；0～20质量份的填充剂；0～5质量份的粘结剂。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵，其特征在于：所述的粉状磷铵为磷酸一铵、磷酸二铵中的一种或两种任意比的混合物，其细度在20～200目。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵，其特征在于：所述的长效硫为硫单质，所述的速效硫为硫酸钙、硫酸镁、硫酸铵、硫酸铁、硫酸铜、硫酸锰、硫酸锌中的一种或二者以上的混合物。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵，其特征在于：所述的长效锌为氧化锌，所述的速效锌硫酸锌、氯化锌、硝酸锌中的一种或二者以上的混合物。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵，其特征在于：所述的硫酸锌为一水硫酸锌、七水硫酸锌或无水硫酸锌。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵，其特征在于：所述填充剂为高岭土、膨润土、滑石粉中的一种或二者以上的混合物几种。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵，其特征在于：所述粘结剂为尿素水溶液、粘结剂液体中的一种或二种的任意比的混合物，粘结剂的质量的百分比为0.2～0.8％。
  8. 如权利要求1－7之一所述的一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤:先将上述各原料按比例取粉状磷铵、长效硫、速效硫、长效锌、速效锌、填充剂粉碎混合，再置于造粒机中造粒、烘干，得到具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵的制备方法，其特征在于，所述造粒机为圆盘造粒机或者挤压造粒机。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的一种具有速效和长效硫和锌的颗粒磷铵的制备方法，其特 征在于，当采用圆盘造粒机时，在圆盘造粒机内按比例喷洒粘结剂，所制备的磷铵颗粒的粒径为2～4毫米。
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