WO2017193470A1 - 一种液力忆惯容器装置及其应用 - Google Patents

一种液力忆惯容器装置及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017193470A1
WO2017193470A1 PCT/CN2016/089855 CN2016089855W WO2017193470A1 WO 2017193470 A1 WO2017193470 A1 WO 2017193470A1 CN 2016089855 W CN2016089855 W CN 2016089855W WO 2017193470 A1 WO2017193470 A1 WO 2017193470A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
piston
hydraulic
container device
inner circular
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/089855
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张孝良
聂佳梅
黄振兴
何海
陈龙
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Publication of WO2017193470A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017193470A1/zh
Priority to US16/158,857 priority Critical patent/US11078981B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/3405—Throttling passages in or on piston body, e.g. slots
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
    • F16F7/1034—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect of movement of a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
    • F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
    • F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
    • F16F9/20—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein with the piston-rod extending through both ends of the cylinder, e.g. constant-volume dampers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3207—Constructional features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3207—Constructional features
    • F16F9/3235—Constructional features of cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/346—Throttling passages in the form of slots arranged in cylinder walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a conventional container device and a use thereof, and particularly relates to a hydraulic inertia container device related to displacement and displacement and a use thereof.
  • the habitual container is a new mechanical component, its concept (Smith M C, "Synthesis of mechanical networks: the inerter”, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 47 (10), 1648-1662, 2002) was introduced in 2002. of.
  • the habitual container has two independently movable end points whose relative acceleration is proportional to the force exerted on the two end points, one end of the mass element being its centroid and the other end being in the inertial reference frame A fixed point (mechanical ground), therefore, in the "force-current" correspondence, the mass element can only be similar to a grounded capacitor.
  • the custom container has two independently movable end points, which eliminates the need to connect to the inertial reference frame, so the habitual container is similar to an ungrounded capacitor.
  • memristor Choa, L., "Memristor-the missing circuit element", IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory, 18 (5), 507-519, 1974
  • Memristor is synthesized from “Memory” and “Resistance” and refers to a resistor with memory capability.
  • memristors Although the existence of memristors has been theoretically derived, the physical properties of memristors were not found in HP Labs until 2008 (Strukov D B, Snider G S, Stewart D R, Williams R S, “The missing Memristor found", Nature, 453 (7191), 80-83, 2008).
  • the subsystem consisting of the reel and the rope wound on the reel is a rotating mechanical memory container (Jeltsema D, D ⁇ ria-Cerezo A, "Mechanical memory elements modeling of systems with Position-dependent mass revisited", 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Atlanta GA, USA, 3511-3516, 2010).
  • this mechanical memory container does not have two independently movable end points, just as the mass element can only correspond to the grounded capacitance, it can only correspond to the grounded memory container, and corresponds to the memory container and has two A device with independent removable endpoints has not been discovered yet.
  • the basic circuit component triangle periodic table (Fig. 2, Wang F Z, "A Triangular Periodic Table of Elementary Circuit Elements", IEEE Transactions on Circuit and System, 60 (3), 616-623, 2013) divides components into basic components, Memory elements and high-order memory elements, in which resistors, capacitors and inductors and corresponding memory elements such as memristors, memory containers and memory sensors are special cases of so-called high-priced component families.
  • the basic circuit component triangle periodic table can be converted into a mechanical basic component triangle periodic table (Fig. 3). Just like the Mendeleev periodic table is used to find new chemical elements, this table can be used. Predict new mechanical components.
  • the hydraulic memory container device proposed by the present invention provides an implementation method for the ideal model element of the memory container predicted in the above periodic table.
  • the device proposed by the present invention can deepen the interconnection between the electromechanical systems.
  • the device when used in a mechanical system such as vibration damping and vibration isolation to control or cancel the vibration force, the device can overcome the shortcoming of the inertia provided by the conventional container device, and provide a relative displacement of the inertia with the two ends. Variable and varying force control characteristics to better control or counteract the vibrational forces.
  • the hydraulic memory container device can also be used as a regulating and controlling valve for the continuous adjustment and control of the inertia.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic memory container device, which provides an implementation device for recalling the ideal model component of the container, and relies on the unique performance of the device to explore its potential use and enhance mutual interaction between the electromechanical systems. Contact to expand the content and scope of electromechanical similarity theory.
  • a hydraulic memory container device including the first a cylinder, a first piston and a spiral passage, the first piston dividing the first cylinder into two left and right chambers, the spiral passage communicating the left and right chambers of the first cylinder, and the length of the spiral passage It will vary as the relative displacement of the first cylinder and the first piston changes.
  • the first cylinder has two inner circular surfaces with different diameters, respectively a large inner circular surface and a small inner circular surface, and the outer surface of the first piston cooperates with the small inner circular surface to the first cylinder cylinder Divided into two left and right cavities, the outer surface of the first piston is provided with a spiral groove, and the spiral channel surrounded by the spiral groove and the small inner circular surface communicates the left and right cavities of the first cylinder.
  • the first cylinder has two inner circular surfaces with different diameters, respectively a large inner circular surface and a small inner circular surface, and the outer surface of the first piston and the cylinder tube are small
  • the circular surface cooperates to divide the first cylinder into two left and right cavities, and the small inner circular surface is provided with a spiral groove, and the spiral groove and the spiral passage surrounded by the outer surface of the piston will be the left and right of the first cylinder Each cavity is connected.
  • spiral groove is a spiral groove of equal pitch, or a spiral groove of unequal pitch.
  • the momentum-relative speed characteristic curve of the hydraulic memory container device is a twisted hysteresis loop
  • the momentum integral-relative displacement characteristic curve of the hydraulic memory container device is a single value mapping curve
  • the hydraulic memory container device is used as a damper application, and the first cylinder (1) and the first piston (3) of the hydraulic device are used as two independent movable end points of a memory damper, the memory damping
  • the damping force-relative speed characteristic curve of the device is a twisted hysteresis loop, and the momentum-relative displacement characteristic curve of the memory damper is a single value mapping curve.
  • any one of the first cylinder or the first piston of the hydraulic memory container device is fixed.
  • the hydrodynamic container device of the present invention is used in a mechanical system to control or counteract vibrational forces.
  • the invention also provides an adjustable inertia device comprising a first cylinder, a first piston and a spiral passage, the first piston dividing the first cylinder into two left and right chambers, the spiral passage will be first
  • the left and right chambers of the cylinder are in communication, and the length of the spiral passage varies with the relative displacement of the first cylinder and the first piston; each of the first cylinders is provided with a first wall The opening, the liquid flows in through a first opening of the first cylinder, and then flows out through the spiral passage from the other first opening of the first cylinder.
  • a first opening disposed on the wall of the cylinder at both ends of the first cylinder is normally open relative to the first piston.
  • the first cylinder has two inner circular surfaces with different diameters, respectively a large inner circular surface and a small inner circular surface, and the outer surface of the first piston cooperates with the small inner circular surface of the cylinder to be the first
  • the cylinder tube is divided into two left and right chambers, and the outer surface of the first piston is provided with a spiral groove, and the spiral passage surrounded by the spiral groove and the small inner circular surface communicates the left and right chambers of the first cylinder.
  • the first cylinder has two inner circular surfaces with different diameters, respectively a large inner circular surface and a small inner circular surface, and the outer surface of the first piston and the small inner circular surface Cooperating to divide the first cylinder into two left and right cavities, wherein the small inner circular surface is provided with a spiral groove, and the spiral groove and the spiral passage surrounded by the outer surface of the first piston will be the left and right of the first cylinder Each cavity is connected.
  • the above solution further includes a hydraulic pipe and a hydraulic cylinder
  • the hydraulic cylinder includes a second cylinder and a second piston
  • the second piston divides the second cylinder into two left and right chambers
  • the second cylinder A second opening is defined in each of the cylinder walls at both ends of the cylinder, and the two second openings are respectively communicated with the two first openings on the first cylinder by hydraulic pipes.
  • a second opening disposed on the wall of the cylinder at both ends of the second cylinder is normally open relative to the second piston.
  • the present invention provides a hydraulic memory container device having the following features: (1) the inertia provided by the device varies with the relative displacement of the two end points; (2) the momentum of the device - The velocity characteristic curve is a distorted hysteresis loop, and the distorted hysteresis loop is a sign of the memory element in electricity; (3) The momentum integral-displacement characteristic curve of the device is a single-valued mapping curve.
  • the device has two independently movable end points (the first cylinder and the first piston), which fully correspond to the memory component in the electrical system, which can deepen the interconnection between the electromechanical systems and expand the content of the electromechanical similarity theory. Scope; third, when used in a mechanical system such as vibration reduction and vibration isolation to control or counteract the vibration force, the conventional container device can overcome the shortcomings of the inertia provided by the conventional container device, and provide a kind of inertia. The force control characteristic that changes with the relative displacement of the two ends to better control or cancel the vibration force. Fourth, the hydraulic memory container device can also be used as a regulating and controlling valve for the inertia, thereby achieving continuous adjustment and control of the inertia.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a hydraulic inertial container device
  • Figure 3 is a triangular table of basic mechanical components
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of an external spiral type hydraulic memory container device
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of an internal spiral type hydraulic memory container device
  • Figure 6 is a plot of the inertia and mechanical properties of the conventional container device
  • Figure 7 is a comparison of the characteristics of the conventional container and the conventional container device
  • Figure 8 is a damping characteristic curve of the container device
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic memory memorizing device used as a home appliance adjustment and control valve
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of a continuously adjustable inertial device
  • Figure 4 is a first embodiment of a hydraulic memory container device, comprising a first cylinder 1, a first piston 3, and a liquid 7, the first cylinder 1 having two inner circular surfaces of different diameters, respectively a circular face 5 and a small inner circular face 6, and the entire interior of the first cylinder 1 is filled with a liquid 7; the outer surface of the first piston 3 cooperates with the small inner circular face 6 of the cylinder to the first cylinder 1
  • the left and right chambers are divided into two chambers.
  • the outer surface of the first piston 3 is provided with a spiral groove 2, and the spiral passage surrounded by the spiral groove 2 and the small inner circular surface 6 communicates the left and right chambers of the first cylinder tube 1.
  • the first piston 3 moves relative to the first cylinder 1, the first piston 3 drives the liquid 7 to flow from one chamber through the spiral passage to the other chamber. Since the liquid in the spiral passage has mass, inertia is generated when flowing. force.
  • the first cylinder 1 serves as an end point
  • the piston 3 serves as the other end point, and since the length of the spiral passage changes with the relative displacement of the two end points, the inertial force generated and the relative acceleration of the two end points are generated.
  • the ratio that is, the inertia, changes as the relative displacement of the two endpoints changes.
  • the momentum-velocity characteristic of the device is a distorted hysteresis loop
  • the momentum integral-displacement characteristic curve is a single-valued mapping curve.
  • Figure 5 is a second embodiment of the device.
  • the difference between the two embodiments is that the spiral groove 2 described in the first embodiment is disposed on the outer surface of the first piston 3, and the spiral groove 2 according to the second embodiment. It is arranged on the small inner circular surface 6 of the cylinder.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the spiral groove 2 is designed to be semi-circular for the convenience of processing, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is not limited to a semi-circular shape, and may be designed into other shapes as needed, and the spiral groove 2 may be Designed to be a fixed pitch, it can also be variable pitch.
  • the first cylinder 1 may also be a valve body or a housing containing a chamber.
  • the apparatus shown in Figures 4 and 5 employs a double-out first piston rod 4 in the implementation process, but is not limited thereto, and may be in the form of a single piston rod and a floating piston or a double cylinder, or Other similar forms of driving liquid flow are possible.
  • the characteristic parameters of the device that is, the inertia is not a constant constant, but will vary with the displacement, or the inertia is a function of the displacement, and this function It is determined by the diameter and width of the piston, the radius and pitch of the spiral groove, the density of the liquid, and the like.
  • the device provided by the present invention is an implementation device of an ideal recall container model.
  • a 1 be the effective cross-sectional area of the first piston 3, that is, the working area of the first piston 3
  • a 2 is the cross-sectional area of the semi-circular spiral groove
  • l is the length of the spiral groove
  • ⁇ is the density of the liquid 7 .
  • F be the equal-reverse force applied to the two endpoints, where x is the relative displacement of the two endpoints.
  • the hydrodynamic inertial container shown in Fig. 1 can be modeled as an ideal inertial container model. Therefore, the relative acceleration of the piston to the cylinder is linearly related to the force applied to the two end points. That
  • B is the habit, the unit is kg, it can be expressed as
  • inertia is proportional to the mass of the liquid in the spiral groove and proportional to the square of the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the piston to the spiral groove.
  • the technical solution of the present invention enlarges the diameter of the inner circular surface of the right half of the cylinder barrel, as shown in FIG. 4, so that the cylindrical inner surface is small
  • the length of the enclosed spiral groove that is, the length of the spiral passage, can vary with the movement of the piston, and the quality of the liquid in the spiral passage also changes accordingly. From equations (3) and (4), the inertia also changes.
  • a linear inertial container with a constant coefficient of inertia can be transformed into a displacement-dependent nonlinear inertia container with variable inertia.
  • the actual working width of the piston is linearly related to the length of the formed spiral passage. If the center of the cylinder is selected as the coordinate origin, the working width of the piston is (w/ 2)- x, obviously, the piston must run between -w/2 and w/2, which is x ⁇ [-w/2,w/2]. Therefore, replace w with (w/2)-x, and equation (4) can be expressed as
  • Figure 6a shows that the device of Figure 4 is not constant in its originality, but changes with relative displacement, which proves to be a displacement-dependent inertial container.
  • Fig. 6b shows that, except for the origin, the relationship between momentum and velocity is a two-valued map, which means that if the angle of the memory element is not from the angle of the memory element, one of the momentum p and the velocity v plane cannot be defined for the curve shown in Fig. 6b.
  • the right relationship that is, a single-valued mapping.
  • the related custom container is defined as a recall container.
  • the curve shown in Figure 6b is a twisted hysteresis loop that has been considered electrically in the collection of memory components. Sign. Therefore, according to the principle of electromechanical similarity, it can be considered that the displacement-related inertial container device shown in FIG. 4 is a conventional container device, that is, a hydraulic memory container device provided by the present invention is an ideal memory container model. Implementation device.
  • Figure 7a clearly shows the difference between the inertial container and the conventional container device, that is, the inertia of the conventional container device is a constant constant, and the inertia of the container device is not constant, and the inertia is two
  • the relative displacement of the endpoint is related.
  • the force exerted at the ends of the inertial container device is proportional to the relative acceleration, and the mechanical properties of the container and the conventional container device are significantly different.
  • Fig. 7c that the p-v characteristic curve of the conventional container device is a straight line, and the conventional container device is a twisted hysteresis loop, which is a sign of the memory element.
  • the two devices have essential differences, It is a common component and a memory component.
  • the momentum integral-displacement characteristic of Figure 7d also shows that the two devices have different characteristics. Therefore, whether it is from the displacement correlation, mechanical properties or essential characteristics of the inertia, the recalled container and the inertial container device are essentially different, they are two different mechanical components.
  • the viscosity of the liquid can cause the actual behavior of the container device to deviate from the ideal behavior. Due to the viscosity of the liquid, the liquid may cause parasitic damping when the liquid is flowing, that is, the hydraulic memory device. It can be further modeled as an ideal mesmerizing container element in parallel with a parasitic damping element.
  • ⁇ is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid.
  • Equation (9) can also be expressed as
  • Figure 8a shows that the damping coefficient of the conventional container device is not a constant constant, but varies with the relative displacement, indicating that its damping characteristics are displacement dependent.
  • the F-v damping curve of the device is not a straight line with a slope like linear damping, but a twisted hysteresis loop, which is a typical sign of the damper, which indicates the parasitic damping of the device.
  • a memory damper Since the above F-v curve is not uniquely mapped, the relationship between the damping force F and the velocity v cannot be used to define the memory damping characteristics of the device.
  • the p-x damping characteristic curve of the device is single-valued, so the relationship between the momentum and the relative displacement in the figure can be used to define the memory damping characteristics of the device.
  • the device provided by the present invention can be modeled as an ideal recall container model, that is, the device provided by the present invention is an implementation device of the ideal recall container model.
  • the apparatus provided by the present invention produces a parasitic damping which is not a normal damping but a memristor.
  • the present invention provides a fundamental difference in the displacement dependence, mechanical characteristics and parasitic damping characteristics of the inertia. They are two different mechanical components, and the characteristics are different. On the curve, it is recalled that the container device has better mechanical properties to control and counteract the vibration force.
  • Figure 10 is an embodiment of the hydraulic memory device as a conventional inertia adjustment and control valve, i.e., an adjustable inertial device comprising a hydraulic memory container device 9, a hydraulic tube 10 and a hydraulic cylinder 11.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 11 includes a second cylinder 12 and a second piston 13, which serve as first and second independent movable end points, respectively, which can be connected to each other when in use.
  • a second opening 15 is defined in each of the cylinder walls at both ends of the second cylinder tube 12.
  • the second opening 15 is disposed in such a manner that it cannot be covered by the second piston 13 (ie, a second opening 15 disposed on the wall of the cylinder at both ends of the second cylinder tube 12 is relatively constant with respect to the second piston 13 Opening; the two second openings 15 on the second cylinder tube 12 are respectively communicated with the two first openings 8 on the first cylinder tube 1 through two hydraulic pipes 10; the liquid 7 is filled The entire adjustable inertia container device.
  • the damping coefficient of the parasitic damping between the two end points of the second cylinder 12 and the second piston 13 can be calculated by combining equation (11).
  • Equations (5) and (12) show that the inertia provided by the adjustable inertia device changes continuously with the change of the relative displacement of the two ends of the container device 9, in other words, through continuous adjustment and control The relative displacement of the two end points of the container device 9 enables continuous adjustment and control of the inertia.
  • Equations (11) and (13) show that the damping coefficient generated by the adjustable inertia device changes continuously with the change of the relative displacement of the two ends of the container device 9, that is, the continuous adjustment and control can be used.
  • the relative displacement of the two end points of the container means 9 enables continuous adjustment and control of the damping.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种液力忆惯容器装置及其应用，液力忆惯容器装置包括第一缸筒（1）、第一活塞（3）及螺旋通道，第一活塞（3）将第一缸筒（1）分为左右两个腔，螺旋通道将第一缸筒（1）的左右两个腔连通，螺旋通道的长度会随着第一缸筒（1）和第一活塞（3）相对位移的变化而变化。缸筒和活塞分别作为第一和第二两个独立可移动的端点，使用时可以连接到一个系统中用来控制机械力，液体（7）在两个端点产生相对运动时会从缸筒的一个腔经螺旋通道流向另一个腔，螺旋通道内的液体具有质量在流动时会产生惯性力，产生的惯性力与两个端点相对加速度之比会随着两个端点相对位移的变化而变化。液力忆惯容器装置可以作为惯容和阻尼的调节与控制阀，实现对惯容和阻尼的连续调节与控制，用途十分广泛。

Description

一种液力忆惯容器装置及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种惯容器装置及其用途，特指一种惯容与位移相关的液力惯容器装置及其用途。
背景技术
惯容器是一种新的机械元件，它的概念(Smith M C，“Synthesis of mechanical networks:the inerter”，IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,47(10),1648-1662,2002)是2002年提来的。惯容器具有两个独立可移动的端点，这两个端点的相对加速度与施加在两个端点上的力成正比，而质量元件的一个端点是它的质心，另一个端点是惯性参考系中的一个固定点(机械接地)，因此，在“力－电流”对应中，质量元件只能与一个接地的电容相似。与传统质量元件不同，惯容器具有两个独立可移动的端点，这使得它不必与惯性参考系相连，因此，惯容器与一个不接地的电容相似。可以看出，惯容器、阻尼和弹簧分别与电容、电阻和电感的对应更加清楚明确，而且用这种对应关系可以直接把电路“翻译”成机械系统。国际专利PCT/GB02/03056公开了两种惯容器装置，一种是齿轮齿条式惯容器装置，另一种是滚珠丝杠式惯容器装置，这些装置可以用在减振和隔振等机械系统中用来控制或抵消振动力，并且已经成功地应用到一级方程式赛车上。国际专利PCT/GB2010/001491公开了一种液力惯容器装置(图1)，这种装置利用流经螺旋通道中油液的质量来产生惯性力，这种惯容器结构简单，易于实现，可靠性高，但这些装置所能提供的惯容是恒定不变的，惯容不能随着两端点相对位移的变化而变化。
忆阻器的概念(Chua,L.，“Memristor－the missing circuit element”，IEEE Transactions on Circuit Theory,18(5),507-519,1974)早在1971年的时候就被提出来，用来描述电荷与磁链之间的关系。事实上，忆阻器(Memristor)是由“记忆(Memory)”与“电阻(Resistance)”合成而来，指具有记忆能力的电阻器。尽管从理论上已经推导出了忆阻器的存在，但忆阻器的实物直到2008年才在惠普实验室被找到(Strukov D B,Snider G S,Stewart D R,Williams R S,“The missing memristor found”，Nature,453(7191),80-83,2008)。自忆阻器概念提出以来，有关忆阻装置和系统的数学理论得到了发展，近年来，基于该理论又提出了包括忆容器和忆感器在内的一类记忆元件模型。根据机电相似原理，在机械系统中必然存在着对应于电学记忆元件的机械记忆元件，包括机械忆阻器、忆容器和忆感器。例如，一个锥形的阻尼器就是一个阻尼与位移相关的机械阻尼器，它与电学中的忆阻器 相对应(Oster G F，Auslander D M,“The memristor:A new bond graph element”，Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement&Control,94(3),249-252,1972)。不仅如此，基于“力－电流”模拟，由卷筒和缠绕在卷筒上的绳索组成的子系统是一旋转的机械忆容器(Jeltsema D,Dòria-Cerezo A,“Mechanical memory elements modeling of systems with position-dependent mass revisited”，49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control,Atlanta GA,USA,3511-3516,2010)。但这种机械忆容器不具有两个独立可移动的端点，就像质量元件只能与接地的电容相对应一样，它只能与接地的忆容器相对应，而与忆容器完全对应且具有两个独立可移动端点的装置，止今还没有被发现。
基础电路元件三角周期表(图2，Wang F Z,“A Triangular Periodic Table of Elementary Circuit Elements”，IEEE Transactions on Circuit and System,60(3),616-623,2013)将元件分为基础元件、记忆元件和高阶记忆元件，其中，电阻器、电容器和电感器以及与之对应的忆阻器、忆容器和忆感器等记忆元件都是所谓的高价元件族的特例。运用机电相似原理，可以将基础电路元件三角周期表转化为机械基础元件三角周期表(图3)，就像门捷列夫元素周期表用来寻找新的化学元素一样，这张表可以用来预测新的机械元件。例如，根据周期表的预测，机械系统中应该存在一种两端点独立可移动的忆惯容器元件(Mem-inerter，由“记忆(Memory)”与“惯容器(Inerter)”合成而来，指具有记忆能力的惯容器)。然而，到目前为止还没有发现一种能够实现忆惯容器理想模型元件的机械装置。
本发明提出的液力忆惯容器装置为上述周期表中预测的忆惯容器理想模型元件提供一种实现方法。同时，由于该装置具有两个独立可移动的端点，与电学中的忆容器元件完全对应，因此，本发明提出的装置可以加深机电系统之间的相互联系。而且，当用在减振和隔振等机械系统中用来控制或抵消振动力时，该装置可以克服惯容器装置提供的惯容恒定不变的缺点，提供一种惯容随两端点相对位移变化而变化的力控制特性，从而更好地控制或抵消振动力。此外，液力忆惯容器装置还可以作为惯容的调节和控制阀，实现对惯容的连续调节与控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种液力忆惯容器装置，为忆惯容器理想模型元件提供一种实现装置，并依托该装置具备的独特性能，发掘其潜在的用途，增强机电系统之间的相互联系，拓展机电相似理论的内容与范围。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：一种液力忆惯容器装置，包括第一 缸筒、第一活塞及螺旋通道，所述第一活塞将第一缸筒分为左右两个腔，所述螺旋通道将第一缸筒的左右两个腔连通，并且所述螺旋通道的长度会随着第一缸筒和第一活塞相对位移的变化而变化。
进一步地，所述第一缸筒具有两个直径不同的内圆面，分别为大内圆面和小内圆面，所述第一活塞的外表面与小内圆面相配合将第一缸筒分为左右两个腔，第一活塞的外表面上设有螺旋槽，所述螺旋槽与小内圆面围成的螺旋通道将第一缸筒的左右两个腔连通。
上述方案也可以采用如下方案替换：所述第一缸筒具有两个直径不同的内圆面，分别为大内圆面和小内圆面，所述第一活塞的外表面与缸筒小内圆面相配合将第一缸筒分为左右两个腔，所述小内圆面上设有螺旋槽，所述螺旋槽与所述活塞的外表面围成的螺旋通道将第一缸筒左右两个腔连通。
进一步地，所述螺旋槽为等螺距的螺旋槽，或者为不等螺距的螺旋槽。
进一步地，液力忆惯容器装置的动量－相对速度特性曲线是一个扭曲的滞回环，液力忆惯容器装置的动量积分－相对位移特性曲线是一条单值映射曲线。
液力忆惯容器装置作为忆阻尼器应用，液力忆惯容器装置的第一缸筒(1)和第一活塞(3)作为一个忆阻尼器的两个独立可移动端点，所述忆阻尼器的阻尼力－相对速度特性曲线是一个扭曲的滞回环，所述忆阻尼器的动量－相对位移特性曲线是一条单值映射曲线。
本发明的液力忆惯容器装置作为变质量元件应用时，液力忆惯容器装置的第一缸筒或第一活塞中的任意一个是固定的。
本发明的液力忆惯容器装置应用在机械系统中，用来控制或抵消振动力。
本发明还提供了一种可调惯容装置，包括第一缸筒、第一活塞及螺旋通道，所述第一活塞将第一缸筒分为左右两个腔，所述螺旋通道将第一缸筒的左右两个腔连通，并且所述螺旋通道的长度会随着第一缸筒和第一活塞相对位移的变化而变化；所述第一缸筒两端的筒壁上各设置一个第一开口，液体经第一缸筒的一个第一开口流进，再经过螺旋通道从第一缸筒的另一第一开口流出。
进一步地，所述第一缸筒两端的筒壁上设置的第一开口相对所述第一活塞为常开。
进一步地，所述第一缸筒具有两个直径不同的内圆面，分别为大内圆面和小内圆面，所述第一活塞的外表面与缸筒小内圆面相配合将第一缸筒分为左右两个腔，第一活塞的外表面上设有螺旋槽，所述螺旋槽与小内圆面围成的螺旋通道将第一缸筒的左右两个腔连通。
上述方案也可以采用如下方案替换：所述第一缸筒具有两个直径不同的内圆面，分别为大内圆面和小内圆面，所述第一活塞的外表面与小内圆面相配合将第一缸筒分为左右两个腔，所述小内圆面上设有螺旋槽，所述螺旋槽与所述第一活塞的外表面围成的螺旋通道将第一缸筒左右两个腔连通。
进一步地，上述方案中还包括液压管及液压缸，所述液压缸包括第二缸筒和第二活塞，第二活塞将所述第二缸筒分为左右两个腔，所述第二缸筒两端的筒壁上各设有一个第二开口，两个第二开口通过液压管分别与第一缸筒上的两个第一开口连通。
进一步地，所述第二缸筒两端的筒壁上设置的第二开口相对所述第二活塞为常开。
本发明的有益效果：第一，本发明提供的一种液力忆惯容器装置具有以下的特点：(1)装置提供的惯容随两个端点相对位移变化而变化；(2)装置的动量－速度特性曲线是一个扭曲的滞回环，扭曲的滞回环在电学中是记忆元件的标志；(3)装置的动量积分－位移特性曲线是一条单值映射曲线。这些特点表明，液力忆惯容器装置是忆惯容器理想模型元件的一种实现装置，可以克服现有惯容器装置惯容恒定不变的缺点，提供一种惯容随位移变化而变化的力控制特性，从而更好地控制或抵消振动力。第二，装置具有两个独立可移动的端点(第一缸筒和第一活塞)，与电学中的忆容器元件完全对应，可以加深机电系统之间的相互联系，拓展机电相似理论的内容与范围；第三，当用在减振和隔振等机械系统中用来控制或抵消振动力时，忆惯容器装置可以克服惯容器装置提供的惯容恒定不变的缺点，提供一种惯容随两端点相对位移变化而变化的力控制特性，从而更好地控制或抵消振动力。第四，液力忆容器装置还可以作为惯容的调节和控制阀，实现对惯容的连续调节与控制。
附图说明
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为液力惯容器装置示意图；
图2为基础电路元件三角周期表；
图3为基础机械元件三角周期表；
图4为外螺旋式液力忆惯容器装置示意图；
图5为内螺旋式液力忆惯容器装置示意图；
图6为忆惯容器装置的惯容与力学特性曲线；
图7为忆惯容器与惯容器装置特性比较；
图8为忆惯容器装置阻尼特性曲线；
图9为作为惯容调节和控件阀使用的液力忆惯容装置示意图；
图10为连续可调惯容装置示意图；
图中，1-第一缸筒  2-螺旋槽  3-第一活塞  4-第一活塞杆  5-大内圆面  6-小内圆面  7-液体  8-第一开口  9-液力忆惯容器装置  10-液压管  11-液压缸  12-第二缸筒  13-第二活塞  14-第二活塞杆  15-第二开口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图4是液力忆惯容器装置的实施例一，包括第一缸筒1、第一活塞3、液体7，所述第一缸筒1具有两个直径不同的内圆面，分别为大内圆面5和小内圆面6，并且所述第一缸筒1的整个内部充满液体7；所述第一活塞3的外表面与缸筒小内圆面6相配合将第一缸筒1分为左右两个腔，第一活塞3的外表面上设有螺旋槽2，螺旋槽2和小内圆面6所围成的螺旋通道将第一缸筒1的左右两个腔连通。当第一活塞3相对于第一缸筒1运动时，第一活塞3驱动液体7从一个腔经螺旋通道流到另一个腔，由于螺旋通道内的液体具有质量，因此在流动时会产生惯性力。所述第一缸筒1作为一个端点，所述活塞3作为另一个端点，又由于螺旋通道的长度会随着两个端点相对位移的变化而变化，因此产生的惯性力与两个端点相对加速度之比，即惯容，会随着两个端点相对位移的变化而变化。此外，装置的动量－速度特性曲线是一个扭曲的滞回环，而且动量积分－位移特性曲线是一条单值映射曲线。
图5是装置的实施例二，两个实施例的不同之处在于，实施例一中所述的螺旋槽2设在了第一活塞3外表面上，而实施例二所述的螺旋槽2设在了缸筒小内圆面6上。
对于实施例一和二，所述的螺旋槽2的截面形状设计成半圆形是为了便于加工，其截面形状并不限于半圆形，也可以根据需要设计成其它形状，而且螺旋槽2可以设计成定螺距的，也可以是变螺距的。另外，所述的第一缸筒1也可以是一个阀体或者包含腔室的壳体。
图4和5所示的装置在实施过程中采用了双出第一活塞杆4，但并不限于此，也可以采用单活塞杆和浮动活塞的形式或双缸筒的形式，或者是只要能够驱动液体流动的其它的类似形式都是可以的。
在图4和5所示的实施例中，装置的特征参数，也就是惯容不是恒定的常数，而是会随着位移的变化而变化的，或者说惯容是位移的函数，而这个函数由活塞的直径和宽度、螺旋槽的半径和螺距、液体的密度等确定的。
下面以图4为例说明本发明提供的装置是理想忆惯容器模型的实现装置。
首先，考虑图1所示的液力惯容器装置，它是一种现有技术。设A1是第一活塞3的有效横截面积，也就是第一活塞3的工作区域，A2是半圆形螺旋槽的横截面积，l是螺旋槽的长度，ρ是液体7的密度。设F是施加在两个端点上的等大反向的力，x是两个端点的相对位移。根据国际专利PCT/GB2010/001491，可以将图1所示的液力惯容器建模为一个理想惯容器模型，因此，活塞对缸筒的相对加速度与施加在两个端点上的力是线性相关的，即
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000001
其中，B是惯容，单位是kg，它可以表达为
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000002
设mF是螺旋槽中液体的质量，式(2)可以表达为
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000003
这表明，惯容与螺旋槽中液体的质量成正比，与活塞与螺旋槽横截面积之比的平方成正比。
设D是活塞直径，d是活塞杆直径，rh是螺旋槽的半径，P是螺旋槽的螺距，w是活塞的宽度，式(2)可重写为
B＝b0w   (4)
其中，b0是惯容常数
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000004
为了将线性惯容器装置设计成非线性或位移相关的惯容器装置，本发明的技术方案扩大了缸筒右半部分内圆面的直径，如图4所示，使得被缸筒小内圆面包围的螺旋槽的长度，也就是螺旋通道的长度可以随着活塞的运动而变化，螺旋通道中液体的质量也相应变化，由式(3)和(4)可知，惯容也随之变化。这样，具有常系数惯容的线性惯容器可以转变为一个位移相关的变惯容的非线性惯容器。
对于图4中所设计的位移相关的惯容器装置，活塞的实际工作宽度与形成的螺旋通道的长度是线性相关的，若选择缸筒的中心作为坐标原点，则活塞的工作宽度为(w/2)― x,显然，活塞必须运行于－w/2和w/2之间，也就是x∈[－w/2，w/2]。因此，用(w/2)―x替换w,式(4)可表达为
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000005
这表明某一时刻的惯容B(x)是两端点相对位移的显函数。
众所周知，速度v和位移x的时间积分是位移x和动量p，与忆阻器相似的机械元件，也就是忆阻尼器(见图3)，是用位移x和动量p之间的关系来定义的。考虑如图3所示的积分动量δ和位移x之间的基本关系，也就是
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000006
在时域对后者求导可得
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000007
通过定义
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000008
如图4所示的位移相关的惯容器装置可以用以下方程来描述
p＝B(x)v   (8)
装置的主要参数如表1所示。取v＝Aωsin(ωt+π/2)作为激励，考虑到装置的最大工作行程，取A＝0.05m，ω＝2π，对不同螺距时装置的特性进行了比较，结果如图6所示。
表1.装置参数
参数 值
活塞直径D 0.1m
活塞杆半径d 0.012m
螺旋半径rh 0.008m
螺距P 0.04m
活塞宽度w 0.1m
工作行程L 0.1m
液体密度ρ 1000kg m-3
图6a表明，图4所示装置的惯容不是恒定不变的，而是会随着相对位移的变化而变化，这证明它是一种位移相关的惯容器。从图6b可以看出，除原点外，动量与速度的关系是双值映射的，这说明如果不从记忆元件的角度，就不能为图6b所示的曲线在动量p与速度v平面定义一个合适的关系，也就是，一个单值的映射关系。这些困难可以通过把位移相关的惯容器定义为一个忆惯容器来解决，如式(7)所示，即用动量积分与位移变量之间的单值映射关系(如图6c所示)将位移相关的惯容器定义为一个忆惯容器。事实上，图6b所示的曲线是一个扭曲的滞回环，它在电学里已经被认为是收集记忆元件的 标志。因此，根据机电相似原理，可以认定图4所示的位移相关的惯容器装置是一种忆惯容器装置，也就是，本发明提供的一种液力忆惯容器装置是理想忆容器模型的一种实现装置。
图7a清晰地表明了惯容器与忆惯容器装置的区别，即惯容器装置的惯容是恒定不变的常数，而忆惯容器装置的惯容不是恒定不变的，惯容与它两个端点的相对位移有关。从图7b可以看出，惯容器装置两端点上施加的力与相对加速度成正比，而忆容器与惯容器装置的力学特性明显不同。由图7c可知，惯容器装置的p－v特性曲线是一条直线，而忆惯容器装置则是一个扭曲的滞回环，它是记忆元件的标志，可见，两种装置有着本质的区别，一种是普通元件，一种是记忆元件。同样，图7d的动量积分－位移特性曲线也表明了两种装置有着不同的特性。因此，不论是从惯容的位移相关性、力学特性还是本质特征上来看，忆惯容器与惯容器装置都有着本质的区别，它们是两种不同的机械元件。
进一步的建模与测试表明，液体的粘度会使得忆惯容器装置实际行为偏离理想行为，由于液体粘度，液体在流动时可能会使忆惯容器装置产生寄生阻尼，也就是液力忆惯容器装置可以进一步建模为理想忆惯容器元件与一个寄生阻尼元件并联。
下面以图4为例详细说明忆惯容器的寄生阻尼。
首先，考虑图1所示的液力惯容器，其中，活塞、缸筒、螺旋槽、具有粘度的液体一起组成了一个简单的黏滞阻尼器，利用哈根-泊肃叶层流方程，可以得到简单黏滞阻尼器的阻尼系数
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000009
其中，μ是液体的动力粘度。
式(9)还可以表达为
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000010
对于图4所示的忆惯容器装置，前已述及，在工作过程中，液体流经的螺旋通道的长度l会随着两个端点相对位移的变化而变化，因此，由式(9)可知，忆惯容器装置的阻尼系数是位移相关的，同样，用(w/2)―x替换w,式(10)可表达为
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000011
可见，某一时刻忆惯容器装置的寄生阻尼c(x)是两端点相对位移的显函数。
取v＝Aωsin(ωt+π/2)作为激励，其中，A＝0.05m，ω＝2π，液体的粘度系数为μ＝10－3Pa s时，忆惯容器装置的阻尼特性曲线如图8所示。
图8a表明，忆惯容器装置的阻尼系数不是恒定不变的常数，而是会随着相对位移的变化而变化，这说明它的阻尼特性是位移相关的。从图8b可以看出，装置的F－v阻尼曲线并不像线性阻尼那样是一条有斜率的直线，而是一个扭曲的滞回环，它是忆阻尼器的典型标志，这说明装置的寄生阻尼一个忆阻尼器。由于上述F－v曲线不是单值映射的，因此无法用阻尼力F和速度v之间的关系来定义装置的忆阻尼特性。而从图8c可以看出，装置的p－x阻尼特性曲线是单值映射的，因此图中的动量与相对位移之间的关系可以用来定义装置的忆阻尼特性。
综上所述，本发明提供的装置可以被建模为一个理想忆惯容器模型，也就是，本发明提供的装置是理想忆惯容器模型的一种实现装置。考虑到液体的粘度，本发明提供的装置会产生一个寄生阻尼，它不是一个普通的阻尼，而是一个忆阻尼器。本发明提供的忆惯容器装置与现有的惯容器装置相比，在惯容的位移相关性、力学特性及寄生阻尼特性上都有着本质的区别，它们是两种不同的机械元件，从特性曲线上看，忆惯容器装置具有更好的控制和抵消振动力的力学特性。
下面结合图9和10对液力忆惯容器装置作为惯容调节和控制阀的使用作进一步说明。
在图9中，所述液力忆惯容器装置作为惯容的调节和控制阀使用时，还需在缸筒1两端的筒壁上各设置一个开口8，使得装置外部的液体可以经缸筒1的一个开口流进，再经过螺旋通道从缸筒1的另一开口流出，所述开口8的设置原则是不能被活塞3所覆盖(即，所述第一缸筒1两端的筒壁上设置的第一开口8相对所述第一活塞3为常开)；在使用时，可以通过连续调节和控制所述装置两个端点的相对位移，来连续调节和控制螺旋通道的长度及通道中液体的质量，从而实现对惯容的连续调节与控制。
图10是液力忆惯容装置作为惯容调节和控件阀使用时的一个实施例，即一种可调惯容装置，包括液力忆惯容器装置9、液压管10及液压缸11。所述液压缸11包括第二缸筒12和第二活塞13，所述第二缸筒12和第二活塞13分别作为第一和第二两个独立可移动的端点，在使用时可以连接到一个系统中用来控制机械力，所述第二缸筒12两端的筒壁上各设有一个第二开口15，所述第二开口15的设置原则是不能被第二活塞13所覆盖(即，所述第二缸筒12两端的筒壁上设置的第二开口15相对所述第二活塞13为常 开)；所述第二缸筒12上的两个第二开口15，通过两根液压管10分别与所述第一缸筒1上的两个第一开口8相连通；所述液体7充满整个可调惯容器装置。
对于图10所示的可调惯容装置，设S1是第二活塞13的有效横截面积，则结合式(5)可以计算某一时刻或者忆惯容器装置9中的第一活塞3处于某一位置时，在第二缸筒12和第二活塞13这两个端点之间的惯容为
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000012
此时，结合式(11)可以计算，在第二缸筒12和第二活塞13这两个端点之间的寄生阻尼的阻尼系数为
Figure PCTCN2016089855-appb-000013
式(5)和(12)表明，可调惯容装置提供的惯容会随着忆惯容器装置9两端点相对位移的变化而连续变化，换而言之，可以通过连续调节和控制忆惯容器装置9两个端点的相对位移，实现对惯容的连续调节与控制。
式(11)和(13)表明，可调惯容装置产生的阻尼其阻尼系数会随着忆惯容器装置9两端点相对位移的变化而连续变化，也就是，可以通过连续调节和控制忆惯容器装置9两个端点的相对位移，实现对阻尼的连续调节与控制。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种液力忆惯容器装置，包括第一缸筒(1)、第一活塞(3)及螺旋通道，其特征在于，所述第一活塞(3)将第一缸筒(1)分为左右两个腔，所述螺旋通道将第一缸筒(1)的左右两个腔连通，并且所述螺旋通道的长度会随着第一缸筒(1)和第一活塞(3)相对位移的变化而变化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液力忆惯容器装置，其特征在于，所述第一缸筒(1)具有两个直径不同的内圆面，分别为大内圆面(5)和小内圆面(6)，所述第一活塞(3)的外表面与小内圆面(6)相配合将第一缸筒(1)分为左右两个腔，第一活塞(3)的外表面上设有螺旋槽(2)，所述螺旋槽(2)与小内圆面(6)围成的螺旋通道将第一缸筒(1)的左右两个腔连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液力忆惯容器装置，其特征在于，所述第一缸筒(1)具有两个直径不同的内圆面，分别为大内圆面(5)和小内圆面(6)，所述第一活塞(3)的外表面与缸筒小内圆面(6)相配合将第一缸筒(1)分为左右两个腔，所述小内圆面(6)上设有螺旋槽(2)，所述螺旋槽(2)与所述活塞(3)的外表面围成的螺旋通道将第一缸筒(1)左右两个腔连通。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的一种液力忆惯容器装置，其特征在于，所述螺旋槽(2)为等螺距的螺旋槽，或者为不等螺距的螺旋槽。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种液力忆惯容器装置，其特征在于，液力忆惯容器装置的动量－相对速度特性曲线是一个扭曲的滞回环，液力忆惯容器装置的动量积分－相对位移特性曲线是一条单值映射曲线。
  6. 液力忆惯容器装置作为忆阻尼器应用，其特征在于，液力忆惯容器装置的第一缸筒(1)和第一活塞(3)作为一个忆阻尼器的两个独立可移动端点，所述忆阻尼器的阻尼力－相对速度特性曲线是一个扭曲的滞回环，所述忆阻尼器的动量－相对位移特性曲线是一条单值映射曲线。
  7. 液力忆惯容器装置作为变质量元件应用，其特征在于，液力忆惯容器装置的第一缸筒(1)或第一活塞(3)中的任意一个是固定的。
  8. 液力忆惯容器装置应用在机械系统中，用来控制或抵消振动力。
  9. 一种可调惯容装置，其特征在于，包括第一缸筒(1)、第一活塞(3)及螺旋通道，所述第一活塞(3)将第一缸筒(1)分为左右两个腔，所述螺旋通道将第一缸筒(1)的左右两个腔连通，并且所述螺旋通道的长度会随着第一缸筒(1)和第一活塞 (3)相对位移的变化而变化；所述第一缸筒(1)两端的筒壁上各设置一个第一开口(8)，液体(7)经第一缸筒(1)的一个第一开口(8)流进，再经过螺旋通道从第一缸筒(1)的另一个第一开口流出。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种可调惯容装置，其特征在于，所述第一缸筒(1)两端的筒壁上设置的第一开口(8)相对所述第一活塞(3)为常开。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种可调惯容装置，其特征在于，所述第一缸筒(1)具有两个直径不同的内圆面，分别为大内圆面(5)和小内圆面(6)，所述第一活塞(3)的外表面与缸筒小内圆面(6)相配合将第一缸筒(1)分为左右两个腔，第一活塞(3)的外表面上设有螺旋槽(2)，所述螺旋槽(2)与小内圆面(6)围成的螺旋通道将第一缸筒(1)的左右两个腔连通。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的一种可调惯容装置，其特征在于，所述第一缸筒(1)具有两个直径不同的内圆面，分别为大内圆面(5)和小内圆面(6)，所述第一活塞(3)的外表面与小内圆面(6)相配合将第一缸筒(1)分为左右两个腔，所述小内圆面(6)上设有螺旋槽(2)，所述螺旋槽(2)与所述第一活塞(3)的外表面围成的螺旋通道将第一缸筒(1)左右两个腔连通。
  13. 根据权利要求9或10或11或12所述的一种可调惯容装置，其特征在于，还包括液压管(10)及液压缸(11)，所述液压缸(11)包括第二缸筒(12)和第二活塞(13)，第二活塞(13)将所述第二缸筒(12)分为左右两个腔，所述第二缸筒(12)两端的筒壁上各设有一个第二开口(15)，两个第二开口(15)通过液压管(10)分别与第一缸筒(1)上的两个第一开口(8)相连通。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的一种可调惯容装置，其特征在于，所述第二缸筒(12)两端的筒壁上设置的第二开口(15)相对所述第二活塞(13)为常开。
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FR3080162A1 (fr) * 2018-04-17 2019-10-18 Psa Automobiles Sa Amortisseur inertiel pour suspension de vehicule automobile

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