WO2017177567A1 - 云调度器中应对不确定需求的多资源调度方法 - Google Patents
云调度器中应对不确定需求的多资源调度方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
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- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
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- G06F9/5083—Techniques for rebalancing the load in a distributed system
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- G06F9/4806—Task transfer initiation or dispatching
- G06F9/4843—Task transfer initiation or dispatching by program, e.g. task dispatcher, supervisor, operating system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of cloud resource scheduling, and in particular to a multi-resource scheduling method for responding to uncertain requirements in a cloud scheduler.
- Cloud computing uses a new computing model and network service model to handle computing tasks in the data center, so that a large number of users can remotely access a variety of computing resources, such as CPU, GPU, memory, storage space and network bandwidth. Through virtualization, isolation, and other technologies, these computing resources can be distributed to cloud applications running by users in accordance with on-demand policies.
- Multi-resource allocation technology is a key technology in cloud computing, because the efficiency and fairness of resource allocation directly affect the performance and economic benefits of the entire cloud computing platform.
- Resource allocation is the process of efficiently and fairly distributing available physical resources (including computing, storage, and network) to remote cloud users through the network. Due to the uncertainty of resource demand and supply, designing an optimal resource allocation strategy faces great challenges. From the perspective of cloud service providers, in order to maximize resource utilization and economic profit, cloud computing resources cannot be fully provided to cloud users. From the perspective of cloud users, in order to complete the tasks in the cloud application on time, the estimation of cloud resources may exceed the actual demand.
- DPF Dominant Resource Fairness
- the DRF focuses on the high fairness of resource allocation, but this may lead to a decrease in efficiency, so a unified trade-off efficiency and fair multi-resource allocation framework is proposed (C.Joe-Wong, S.Sen, T.Lan , and M. Chiang, "Multi-resource allocation: Fairness-efficiency tradeoffs in a unifying framework," in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2012. IEEE, March 2012, pp. 1206-1214.).
- This framework contains two sets of formulas for modeling fairness, namely Fairnesson Dominant Shares (FDS) and Generalized Fairness on Jobs (GFJ).
- FDS The primary resource is the resource that allocates the most resources to the cloud user, which is the most important resource we should pay attention to.
- the j-th cloud user For the i-th resource, the j-th cloud user needs the i-th resource of the number R ij to process a task. make ⁇ ij is expressed as a task to be processed, and the jth cloud user needs the sharing ratio of the i-th resource. Then, the maximum share ratio ⁇ j required for each task of the jth cloud user can be expressed as: Then ⁇ j x j is the main resource sharing ratio of the jth cloud user.
- ⁇ and ⁇ are the selected parameters.
- the parameter ⁇ gives the type of fairness
- the parameter ⁇ represents the degree of attention to efficiency
- the larger absolute value of ⁇ means more emphasis on efficiency than fairness.
- a calculation formula indicating the fairness of the main resource sgn( ⁇ ) represents a symbol function
- ⁇ represents a real number
- ⁇ j represents a maximum sharing ratio of resources required for each task of the jth cloud user
- x j represents an allocation to the jth
- the number of tasks of cloud users ⁇ k represents the maximum sharing ratio of resources required for each task of the kth cloud user
- x k represents the number of tasks assigned to the kth cloud user
- n represents the number of cloud users.
- GFJ GFJ
- the existing traditional resource allocation strategy does not take into account the cloud users' demand for resources is uncertain.
- the cloud application's demand for resources is dynamically changed due to workload changes.
- the current multi-resource allocation strategy is based on the assumption that the cloud user's task requires resources. It is static and unchanged. Therefore, the existing strategies lack robustness. In a real application environment, these strategies calculate an impractical allocation scheme, resulting in a large performance loss.
- this strategy calculate an impractical allocation scheme, resulting in a large performance loss.
- the cloud platform can provide a total of 9 vCPUs and 18 vGPUs for two cloud users.
- Each task of cloud user 1 requires 1 vCPU and 4 vGPUs.
- Each task of cloud user 2 requires 3 vCPUs and 1 vGPU. .
- each task of cloud user 1 needs to use a total of 1/9 of vCPU and 2/9 of vGPU, so the cloud user 1's primary resource is vGPU; likewise, the primary resource corresponding to cloud user 2 is vCPU, because each of his tasks requires the use of a total of 1/3 of the vCPU and 1/18 of the vGPU. Therefore, DRF will allocate 3 tasks to cloud user 1, including 3 vCPUs and 12 vGPUs, and allocate 2 tasks to cloud user 2, including 6 vCPUs and 2 vGPUs, so that a total of 5 tasks can be processed (see figure). 1 (a)), the main resource sharing ratio of the two cloud users here is 2/3.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-resource scheduling method for responding to uncertain demands in a cloud scheduler.
- a multi-resource scheduling method for responding to uncertain requirements in a cloud scheduler includes:
- Step 1 Set the following parameters:
- the initial value of the obstacle factor ⁇ is ⁇ 0 ;
- f(X) represents a fairness function corresponding to the optimization target
- X represents the number of task assignments
- ⁇ k represents a value corresponding to the obstacle factor ⁇ at the kth outer loop
- h i (X) represents a slack variable corresponding to the i-th resource
- N represents a natural number set
- P i represents a demand change vector corresponding to the i-th resource
- x j represents the number of tasks assigned to the jth cloud user
- the initial search point X 0 * of f(X) is set to X 0 ;
- the initial search point x 0 * is set to X 0 ;
- the outer loop iteration number k is assigned a value of 0;
- Step 3 Assign the flag newtonFlag to fail, where the flag newtonFlag is a flag indicating whether the Newton iteration method can calculate the result, and fail indicates no;
- Step 4 If it is a positive definite matrix, go to step 5, otherwise go to step 8; Indicates secondary derivation, Representing the k-th outer loop, corresponding to the obstacle function whose task allocation quantity is X k , and X k represents the task allocation quantity calculated by the k-th iteration;
- Step 5 Assign the inner loop iteration number s to 0;
- Step 6 Assign the search point x s+1 * of the s+1th inner loop of f(X) Increase the value of s by one; Indicates a derivation;
- Step 7 If Or s>MaxIter, go to step 8, otherwise go to step 6; Indicates the number of task assignments calculated in the sth inner loop. Indicates the number of task assignments calculated in the s-1th inner loop. Indicates that in the kth outer loop, the number of tasks assigned is Barrier function, Indicates that in the kth outer loop, the number of tasks assigned is The obstacle function, TolFun represents the function tolerance value of the iterative termination, TolX represents the number of task assignments for the iteration termination X tolerance value, and MaxIter represents the maximum number of iterations;
- Step 8 If s ⁇ MaxIter, assign newtonFlag to success, go to step 9; if s>MaxIter, then go to step 9; where success is YES;
- Step 9 If newtonFlag is equal to fail, go to step 10, otherwise go to step 15;
- Step 10 Assign the inner loop iteration number s to 0, and assign the search direction d k corresponding to the kth outer loop
- Step 11 If s>0, assign d s to the value Go to step 12; otherwise, go to step 12; where d s-1 represents the search direction corresponding to the s-1th inner loop;
- Step 12 Calculate the search step size ⁇ s using the exact linear search method and assign x s+1 * Increase the value of s by one; Indicates the number of task assignments calculated in the s+1th inner loop; where d s represents the search direction corresponding to the sth inner loop; for example, the search step size ⁇ s can be calculated by an accurate linear search method, where
- a linear search method refer to "Newton's method with exact line search for solving the algebraic Riccati equation," Fakult ⁇ at f ⁇ ur Mathematik, TU Chemnitz Zwickau, 09107 Chemnitz, FRG, Tech. Rep. SPC 95-24, 1995; available as SPC95_24 .ps by anonymous ftp from ftp.tu-chemnitz.de, directory/pub/Local/mathematik/Benner;
- Step 13 If Or s>MaxIter, go to step 14, otherwise go to step 11;
- Step 14 If s>MaxIter, assign k to 0, go to step 17; if s ⁇ MaxIter, continue to step 15;
- Step 15 Will Assignment ⁇ k+1 is assigned to r* ⁇ k , which increases the value of k by 1; Indicates the number of task assignments calculated by the k+1th outer loop, ⁇ k+1 represents the obstacle factor in the k+1th outer loop, and ⁇ k represents the obstacle factor in the kth outer loop;
- Step 16 If Or k>MaxIter, go to step 17, otherwise go to step 3; Indicates the number of task assignments calculated for the kth outer loop. Indicates the number of task assignments calculated for the k-1th outer loop. Representation corresponds to Fair value, Representation corresponds to Fair value
- Step 17 Output the optimal fair value Optimal number of task assignments for cloud users
- the multi-resource scheduling method is based on an ellipsoid uncertainty model
- the ellipsoid uncertainty model namely:
- U i represents a demand set corresponding to the i-th resource
- P i represents a demand change vector corresponding to the i-th resource
- the method further comprises the steps of:
- Step 18 follow the optimal fair value Optimal number of task assignments for cloud users Perform resource scheduling.
- the decreasing coefficient r takes a value of 0.1
- the function tolerance value TolFun of the iterative termination is equal to 1e-6;
- the iterative termination task assignment quantity tolerance value TolX is equal to 1e-10;
- MaxIter The maximum number of iterations, is equal to 1000.
- the present invention has significant beneficial effects. Specifically, the present invention should have the following three outstanding contributions to the multi-resource allocation strategy for dynamically changing demands:
- the present invention proposes an ellipsoidal uncertainty model that can be used to capture characteristics of uncertain resource requirements.
- the present invention lists representation formulas for non-linear optimization problems such as multi-resource allocation in the cloud scheduler that take into account dynamic changes in demand.
- the resource allocation scheme calculated by the present invention can still obtain optimal fairness and efficiency under the condition of dynamic change of demand, and has good robustness.
- Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the number of task assignments calculated using the DRF in the comparison scenario before and after the resource demand change.
- Figure 1 corresponds to scenario 1 with constant resource requirements
- Figure 2 corresponds to scenario 2 with variable resource requirements.
- 3 is a multi-resource allocation management architecture illustrating the robustness of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 and 5 are three-dimensional diagrams of the fair function, FIG. 4 is an FDS, and FIG. 5 is a GFJ.
- Figures 6 and 7 show the constraint equation and the minimum point.
- Figure 6 shows the change in the ellipsoid without considering the change in demand.
- Figure 8 is a graph of fair value versus P in an ellipsoid uncertainty model.
- Figure 9 and Figure 10 are graphs showing the number of tasks assigned to two cloud users as a function of P in the ellipsoid uncertainty model.
- Figure 9 shows the FDS and
- Figure 10 shows the GFJ.
- Figure 11 and Figure 12 are graphs of the remaining numbers of vCPU and vGPU as a function of P in the ellipsoid uncertainty model, Figure 11 is the FDS, and Figure 12 is the GFJ.
- the present invention provides a new multi-resource allocation strategy for the cloud scheduler capable of handling dynamic change requirements.
- the strategy uses two calculation formulas for fairness efficiency, namely FDS and GFJ, as cost functions in the optimization problem.
- FDS and GFJ calculation formulas for fairness efficiency
- the robustness equivalence of the original nonlinear optimization problem is easy to calculate, so the present invention models the features of these sets of resource uncertainties, namely the ellipsoid uncertain model.
- the model places each coefficient vector in a super-ellipsoidal space and serves as a measure of the magnitude of the measurement uncertainty.
- the invention mainly relates to three main inventions:
- the robust multi-resource allocation management framework is improved by the traditional resource allocation architecture.
- the robust multi-resource allocation module is added to cope with the dynamic changes of cloud users' resource requirements.
- the cost function adopts FDS and GFJ, taking the fairness and efficiency of resource allocation into consideration, and the quantity of resources as a constraint avoids excessive or too little allocation of resources.
- the ellipsoid uncertainty model can capture the characteristics of demand changes, making the robust equivalence of nonlinear optimization problems easy to calculate, and then calculate the resource allocation scheme that can cope with the dynamic changes of demand.
- the resource allocation scheme calculated by FDS and GFJ can cope with the dynamic changes of cloud users' demand for resources, and can achieve high efficiency and good performance. Fairness.
- each task corresponds to a monitor that monitors the operational parameters of the corresponding task and communicates with the scheduler.
- the scheduler serves two purposes: (1) accepting operational parameters from the monitor, and using these operational parameters as input to the scheduling calculation; (2) automatically scheduling the tasks in the composite task, and using the scheduling of the tasks as Output.
- the goal of the cloud scheduler in the present invention is to allocate sufficient resources to the cloud users, even if the bottleneck resources are not less than that required by the cloud users.
- Multi-resource allocation is a nonlinear optimization problem, expressed as an inequality in the form of:
- f(x) represents the fairness function corresponding to the optimization target
- Indicates minimization means value, a formula that represents the fairness of the primary resource, A formula for calculating the general fairness of a task, st represents a constraint condition, m represents the number of types of resources, C i represents the total amount of the i-th resource, and R i represents a demand of the user task for the i-th resource;
- R i [R i1 ,R i2 ,...,R ij ]
- R ij represents the number of needs of the jth cloud user for the i-th resource
- x j represents the number of tasks assigned to the j-th cloud user
- the robust equivalence is always convex (the feasible region is still the intersection of half space, unlike the original nonlinear optimization problem, the feasible region contains solutions that are infinite unless U i is finite ).
- a feasible set of robust equivalence is the intersection of a single constraint, called a robust half-space constraint. Given a subset U of R n , the robust half-space constraints are expressed as follows:
- R represents a certain resource requirement
- R n represents all possible resource requirements
- C represents the total amount of resources.
- U represents a collection of resource requirements
- the maximization problem can be solved explicitly.
- the ellipsoid uncertainty model has the following form:
- U represents a set of resource requirements
- R n ⁇ p represents a set of ellipsoidal resource demand changes. Represents the resource requirement corresponding to the center point of the ellipsoid
- u represents the obstacle factor vector
- I represents the imaginary set
- P represents the uncertain parameter;
- the ellipsoid uncertainty model can handle the uncertainty of each part of the coefficient vector.
- the robust equivalents associated with the ellipsoidal model are expressed as follows:
- This formula uses the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality.
- U i represents a set of requirements corresponding to the i-th resource, Indicates the i-th resource requirement corresponding to the center point of the ellipsoid
- P i represents the demand change vector corresponding to the i-th resource
- u represents a vector
- m represents the number of types of resources
- SOCP is a linear programming equivalent to a convex quadratic constraint.
- the quadratic constraint quadratic programming can be written as SOCP.
- Semi-definite programming including SOCPs as SOCP constraints can be written as linear matrices (LMI), and can also be rewritten as an example of a semi-determined program. Through the interior point method, SOCPs can be efficiently solved.
- the multi-resource scheduling method for responding to uncertain requirements in the cloud scheduler provided by the present invention includes:
- Step 1 Set the following parameters:
- the initial value of the obstacle factor ⁇ is ⁇ 0 ;
- f(X) represents a fairness function corresponding to the optimization target
- X represents the number of task assignments
- ⁇ k represents a value corresponding to the obstacle factor ⁇ at the kth outer loop
- h i (X) represents a slack variable corresponding to the i-th resource
- N represents a natural number set
- P i represents a demand change vector corresponding to the i-th resource
- x j represents the number of tasks assigned to the jth cloud user
- the initial search point X 0 * of f(X) is set to X 0 ;
- the initial search point x 0 * is set to X 0 ;
- the outer loop iteration number k is assigned a value of 0;
- Step 3 Assign the flag newtonFlag to fail, where the flag newtonFlag is a flag indicating whether the Newton iteration method can calculate the result, and fail indicates no;
- Step 4 If it is a positive definite matrix, go to step 5, otherwise go to step 8; Indicates secondary derivation, Representing the k-th outer loop, corresponding to the obstacle function whose task allocation quantity is X k , and X k represents the task allocation quantity calculated by the k-th iteration;
- Step 5 Assign the inner loop iteration number s to 0;
- Step 6 Assign the search point x s+1 * of the s+1th inner loop of f(X) Increase the value of s by one; Indicates a derivation;
- Step 7 If Or s>MaxIter, go to step 8, otherwise go to step 6; Indicates the number of task assignments calculated in the sth inner loop. Indicates the number of task assignments calculated in the s-1th inner loop. Indicates that in the kth outer loop, the number of tasks assigned is Barrier function, Indicates that in the kth outer loop, the number of tasks assigned is The obstacle function, TolFun represents the function tolerance value of the iterative termination, TolX represents the number of task assignments for the iteration termination X tolerance value, and MaxIter represents the maximum number of iterations;
- Step 8 If s ⁇ MaxIter, assign newtonFlag to success, go to step 9; if s>MaxIter, then go to step 9; where success is YES;
- Step 9 If newtonFlag is equal to fail, go to step 10, otherwise go to step 15;
- Step 10 Assign the inner loop iteration number s to 0, and assign the search direction d k corresponding to the kth outer loop
- Step 11 If s>0, assign d s to the value Go to step 12; otherwise, go to step 12; where d s-1 represents the search direction corresponding to the s-1th inner loop;
- Step 12 Calculate the search step size ⁇ s using the exact linear search method and assign x s+1 * Increase the value of s by one; Indicates the number of task assignments calculated in the s+1th inner loop; where d s represents the search direction corresponding to the sth inner loop; for example, the search step size ⁇ s can be calculated by an accurate linear search method, where
- a linear search method refer to "Newton's method with exact line search for solving the algebraic Riccati equation," Fakult ⁇ at f ⁇ ur Mathematik, TU Chemnitz Zwickau, 09107 Chemnitz, FRG, Tech. Rep. SPC 95-24, 1995; available as SPC95_24 .ps by anonymous ftp from ftp.tu-chemnitz.de, directory/pub/Local/mathematik/Benner;
- Step 13 If Or s>MaxIter, go to step 14, otherwise go to step 11;
- Step 14 If s>MaxIter, assign k to 0, go to step 17; if s ⁇ MaxIter, continue to step 15;
- Step 15 Will Assignment ⁇ k+1 is assigned to r* ⁇ k , which increases the value of k by 1; Indicates the number of task assignments calculated by the k+1th outer loop, ⁇ k+1 represents the obstacle factor in the k+1th outer loop, and ⁇ k represents the obstacle factor in the kth outer loop;
- Step 16 If Or k>MaxIter, go to step 17, otherwise go to step 3; Indicates the number of task assignments calculated for the kth outer loop. Indicates the number of task assignments calculated for the k-1th outer loop. Representation corresponds to Fair value, Representation corresponds to Fair value
- Step 17 Output the optimal fair value Optimal number of task assignments for cloud users
- Step 18 follow the optimal fair value Optimal number of task assignments for cloud users Perform resource scheduling.
- the multi-resource scheduling method is based on an ellipsoid uncertainty model
- the ellipsoid uncertainty model namely:
- U i represents a demand set corresponding to the i-th resource
- P i represents a demand change vector corresponding to the i-th resource
- the decreasing coefficient r takes a value of 0.1
- the function tolerance value TolFun of the iterative termination is equal to 1e-6;
- the iterative termination task assignment quantity tolerance value TolX is equal to 1e-10;
- MaxIter The maximum number of iterations, is equal to 1000.
- the cloud platform provides vCPU and vGPU resources, there are two cloud users who need to run game tasks, and their demand for resources will change. Assume that the task is infinitely separable. To detect performance, we use non-indeterminate parameters as a reference: Cloud User 1 requires 1 vCPU and 4 vGPUs per task, and Cloud User 2 requires 3 vCPUs and 4 vGPUs per task.
- the cloud platform provides a total of 9 vCPUs and 18 vGPUs.
- the fairness function is specified as a cost function, namely FDS (formula (1)) and GFJ (formula (2)).
- Figure 8 shows a three-dimensional diagram of the fair function of the present embodiment, as can be seen from the figure, the FDS and the GFJ are always convex, and The constraints are irrelevant, which means that the optimal FDS and GFJ fair values can always be calculated.
- Figure 8 shows that when P increases, a better fair value can be obtained. As P increases, the fair value calculated by FDS and GFJ quickly converges to 1.8.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 一种云调度器中应对不确定需求的多资源调度方法,其特征在于,包括:步骤1:设定如下参数:第i种资源的总量Ci,i=1,2,…,m,m表示资源的种类数目;任务分配数量X的初始值X0;定障碍因子μ的初始值μ0;递减系数r;迭代终止的函数公差值TolFun;迭代终止的任务分配数量公差值TolX;最大迭代次数MaxIter;步骤2:令:x=[x1,x2,...,xj]T其中,f(X)表示优化目标对应的公平性函数;X表示任务分配数量;μk表示障碍因子μ在第k次外循环对应的值;hi(X)表示第i种资源对应的松弛变量;N表示自然数集;Pi表示第i种资源对应的需求变化向量;xj表示分配给第j个云用户的任务数量;将f(X)的初始查找点X0 *设为X0;将外循环迭代次数k赋值为0;步骤3:将标志newtonFlag赋值为fail,其中,标志newtonFlag是表示牛顿迭代法是否能够计算出结果的标志,fail表示否;步骤5:将内循环迭代次数s赋值为0;步骤7:如果或者s>MaxIter,则进入步骤8,否则进入步骤6;其中,表示第s次内循环中计算出的任务分配数量,表示第s-1次内循环中计算出的任务分配数量,表示在第k次外循环中,对应于任务分配数量为的障碍函数,表示在第k次外循环中,对应于任务分配数量为的障碍函数,TolFun表示迭代终止的函数公差值,TolX表示迭代终止的任务分配数量X公差值,MaxIter表示最大迭代次数;步骤8:如果s≤MaxIter,则将newtonFlag赋值为success,进入步骤9;如果s>MaxIter,则接着执行步骤9;其中,success表示是;步骤9:如果newtonFlag等于fail,则转入步骤10,否则转入步骤15;步骤14:如果s>MaxIter,则将k赋值为0,进入步骤17;如果s≤MaxIter,则继 续执行步骤15;
- 根据权利要求1所述的云调度器中应对不确定需求的多资源调度方法,其特征在于,递减系数r取值0.1;迭代终止的函数公差值TolFun等于1e-6;迭代终止的任务分配数量公差值TolX等于1e-10;最大迭代次数MaxIter等于1000。
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| CN118897739A (zh) * | 2024-10-08 | 2024-11-05 | 山东蓝海领航大数据发展有限公司 | 一种多云异构的算力调度系统及调度方法 |
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| CN108234151B (zh) * | 2016-12-09 | 2021-02-23 | 河南工业大学 | 一种云平台资源分配方法 |
| CN108449411B (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-09-11 | 河南工业大学 | 一种随机需求下面向异质费用的云资源调度方法 |
| CN113946429A (zh) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-01-18 | 重庆邮电大学 | 一种基于成本效益的Kubernetes Pod调度方法 |
| CN117793180B (zh) * | 2024-02-01 | 2024-12-06 | 广东天耘科技有限公司 | 云手机分配方法 |
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| US11157327B2 (en) | 2021-10-26 |
| US20210224135A1 (en) | 2021-07-22 |
| CN105871618A (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
| CN105871618B (zh) | 2019-05-24 |
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