WO2017173710A1 - 一种表贴式磁力丝杠及其加工方法 - Google Patents

一种表贴式磁力丝杠及其加工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017173710A1
WO2017173710A1 PCT/CN2016/082565 CN2016082565W WO2017173710A1 WO 2017173710 A1 WO2017173710 A1 WO 2017173710A1 CN 2016082565 W CN2016082565 W CN 2016082565W WO 2017173710 A1 WO2017173710 A1 WO 2017173710A1
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Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
magnetic
electric iron
nut
screw
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2016/082565
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵文祥
凌志健
吉敬华
刘国海
徐媚媚
胡德水
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H02K49/102—Magnetic gearings, i.e. assembly of gears, linear or rotary, by which motion is magnetically transferred without physical contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a manufacturing technology of a high thrust density magnetic screw, in particular to an equivalent technology of a spiral magnetic circuit and a method of assembling a magnetic screw.
  • the research on the magnetic screw actuation system is still in its infancy at home and abroad.
  • the magnetic screw has the characteristics of high thrust density, no contact friction, simple maintenance, etc.
  • the magnetic field coupling is used to convert the rotary motion into a linear motion, and vice versa. Therefore, it has a good application prospect in many fields such as aerospace, marine power generation, artificial heart and so on.
  • most of the research on the magnetic lead screw is the N- and S-pole spiral alternating surface-mount magnetic screw of the permanent magnet radial magnetization, and this structure has the problems of magnetic screw assembly and spiral permanent magnet processing.
  • the document IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETISC, 50(11):8205004, 2014 introduces an electromagnetic type magnetic screw, which is made into a spiral groove structure in the groove.
  • the coil is wound, and a direct current is supplied to the coil to obtain a spiral magnetic circuit.
  • this structure can reduce the processing difficulty of the magnetic screw permanent magnet, the electromagnetic type magnetic screw is introduced. Due to the electric excitation method, the magnetic induction intensity will be significantly reduced. The resulting thrust density is less than a quarter of the permanent magnet type magnetic screw. Therefore, it is of great significance and practical value to use an effective method to solve the equivalent of the spiral permanent magnet and the assembly of the magnetic screw.
  • the purpose of the invention is to solve the problem of difficult processing of magnetic screw permanent magnets and assembly of segmented permanent magnets, and a simple and effective method which is easy to implement in engineering is proposed.
  • a simple and effective method which is easy to implement in engineering is proposed.
  • the invention is applicable to the fields of aerospace, artificial heart pump, marine power generation and the like.
  • traditional artificial heart pumps include axial flow pumps and linear heart pumps.
  • the axial flow pump has a large blood loss problem.
  • the linear heart pump can solve the blood loss problem, the power density is very low.
  • the artificial heart pump integrated with the magnetic screw and the DC brushless motor can solve the above problems at the same time.
  • a surface-mount magnetic screw comprising a magnetic screw and a magnetic nut coaxially with an air gap therebetween;
  • the magnetic nut is sleeved outside the magnetic rod, and the outer surface of the magnetic rod and the inner surface of the magnetic nut respectively have a segmented permanent magnet; the magnetic nut rotates relative to the magnetic rod, and the magnetic rod moves linearly with respect to the magnetic nut And the axial length of the magnetic nut is smaller than the axial length of the magnetic rod;
  • the magnetic wire rod comprises an electric iron rod, and the two ends of the electric iron rod are respectively provided with a stopper a and a stopper b; the outer surface of the electric iron rod is attached with a plurality of closely arranged first permanent magnets a, first Yong The magnet b; the first permanent magnet a, the first permanent magnet b facing away from the air gap (ie, the side close to the electric iron rod) is flattened, and one side of the air gap is a circular arc surface, which leads to an ideal spiral magnetic circuit.
  • the outer surface of the electric iron rod is turned into a positive multiple deformation according to the structural dimensions of the first permanent magnet a and the first permanent magnet b;
  • the magnetic nut comprises a nut electric iron ring, and the inner surface of the nut electric iron ring is attached with a plurality of closely arranged second permanent magnets a and a second permanent magnet b; for convenient splicing, the second permanent magnet a and the second permanent magnet b
  • the side facing away from the air gap ie, the side close to the nut electric iron ring
  • the side facing the air gap is a circular arc surface, and the ideal spiral magnetic circuit is drawn
  • the first permanent magnet a and the first permanent magnet b are According to the second permanent magnet a and the second permanent magnet b, the inner surface of the nut electric iron ring is drilled with a through hole having a positive axial deformation.
  • the magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet a is radially inward, and the magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet b is radially outward; the first permanent magnet a and the first permanent magnet b Alternatingly attached to the outer surface of an electric iron rod that is turned into a regular polygon along the axial direction, leaving no gap between them, forming a group of first permanent magnet modules; the first permanent magnet modules are arranged in order according to the circumferential direction The spiral structure is formed by splicing, and no gap is left in the middle; the number of spiral permanent magnets formed by the plurality of first permanent magnet modules is determined according to the required characteristics of the magnetic screw.
  • the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet a is radially inward, and the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet b is radially outward; the second permanent magnet a and the second permanent magnet b Alternatingly attached to the inner surface of the nut electric iron ring in the axial direction, no gap is left between the two to form a group of second permanent magnet modules; the second permanent magnet module is sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction to form a spiral structure. There is no gap in the middle; the number of spiral permanent magnet turns formed by the plurality of sets of second permanent magnet modules is determined according to the required characteristics of the magnetic lead screw.
  • the stopper a and the stopper b have the same structure and are respectively sleeved on the electric iron rod.
  • the two ends of the first permanent magnet module are turned into a spiral structure, and the pitch ⁇ is the axial length of the first permanent magnet module.
  • the technical solution of the method of the present invention is: a method for processing a surface-mount magnetic screw, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 The magnetic magnetic screw is required to be a spiral magnetic circuit. Due to the poor mechanical properties of the permanent magnet, a segmented permanent magnet is used to form a spiral magnetic circuit.
  • the segmented permanent magnet is designed according to the ⁇ degree arc. The smaller the curvature, the more the magnetization is. Uniform
  • Step 2 in the case of ensuring the radius r 2 of the magnetic rod, the air gap g between the magnetic nut and the magnetic rod, and fully considering the uniformity of the magnetization of the segmented permanent magnet and the splicing complexity, the first Yong is determined.
  • the magnet a, the first permanent magnet b and the second permanent magnet a, the curvature ⁇ of the second permanent magnet b, the pole distance ⁇ and the thickness h determine the optimal fit of the three; in order to achieve the same magnetic nut and magnetic rod a modulation relationship, a first permanent magnet a, a first permanent magnet b, and a second permanent magnet a, the second permanent magnet b having the same pole pitch ⁇ ;
  • the inner diameter side of the first permanent magnet b that is, away from the air gap side, is subjected to a flattening process, and one end of the air gap is an arc of the first permanent magnet a and the first permanent magnet b; for the first permanent magnet a,
  • the axial sides of a permanent magnet b are subjected to oblique plane turning processing, and the cutting angle is ⁇ 1 :
  • Step 4 according to the specific dimensions of the first permanent magnet a and the first permanent magnet b, the invention defines the design size of the electric iron rod; since the curvature of the first permanent magnet a and the first permanent magnet b is ⁇ , and away from the air gap The side is flattened, and according to the structural dimensions of the first permanent magnet a and the first permanent magnet b, the electric iron rod is turned into a positive n-gon structure, n is taken as 2 ⁇ / ⁇ ; the cross section of the positive n-sided electric iron rod is cut out.
  • the radius of the circle is r 1
  • the length of the electric iron bar is l 1
  • the actual length of the electric iron bar is determined according to the number of turns of the first permanent magnet module;
  • Step 5 since the length of the magnetic screw rod is relatively long, the number of the first permanent magnet a and the first permanent magnet b is required to be large, in order to fix the position of the first permanent magnet a and the first permanent magnet b, and increase the magnetic wire.
  • the axial direction of both sides of the second permanent magnet b is inclined plane turning, and the cutting angle is ⁇ 2 :
  • Step 7 according to the specific size of the second permanent magnet a and the second permanent magnet b, the design dimension of the nut electric iron ring is limited; since the curvature of the second permanent magnet a and the second permanent magnet b is ⁇ , and away from the air gap side The flattening process is performed.
  • the nut electric iron ring is drilled to have a positive n-shaped hole structure, n is 2 ⁇ / ⁇ ; positive n-shaped hole
  • the radius of the inscribed circle is r 3
  • the axial length of the electric iron ring is l 2 ; the actual axial length of the electric iron ring of the nut is determined according to the number of turns of the second permanent magnet module;
  • Step 8 splicing the stopper a, the stopper b, the first permanent magnet a, and the first permanent magnet b on the surface of the electric iron rod to form a magnetic screw; splicing the second surface on the inner surface of the nut electric iron ring
  • the permanent magnet a and the second permanent magnet b form a magnetic nut; the two are assembled, and an air gap g is formed between the magnetic rod and the magnetic nut to form a magnetic screw.
  • the material of the segmented permanent magnet is sinter NdFeB.
  • the segmented permanent magnet is designed according to an arc of a degree, and the value of ⁇ is between 30 degrees and 60 degrees; the radius r 2 of the magnetic rod is the outer diameter of the first permanent magnet a and the first permanent magnet b. 25mm, the value of the air gap g between the magnetic rod and the magnetic nut is 1mm; the thicknesses h of the first permanent magnet a, the first permanent magnet b, the second permanent magnet a, and the second permanent magnet b are the same, the thickness h
  • the value of the pole is 5 mm to 8 mm; in order to achieve the same modulation relationship between the magnetic nut and the magnet screw, the pole pitch ⁇ of the first permanent magnet a, the first permanent magnet b, the second permanent magnet a, and the second permanent magnet b are the same.
  • the value of the pole distance ⁇ is 8 mm to 12 mm; the axial sides of the first permanent magnet a, the first permanent magnet b, the second permanent magnet a, and the second permanent magnet b are subject
  • the specific size of the electric iron rod and the nut electric iron ring is determined; because the first permanent magnet a, The curvature ⁇ of the first permanent magnet b and the second permanent magnet a and the second permanent magnet b is 45 degrees, so the electric iron rod is turned into a positive octagonal structure in the axial section, and the electric iron ring is drilled into the axial section.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention adopts a magnetic wire rod segmented permanent magnet and a regular polygon electric iron rod, a magnetic nut segmented permanent magnet and a positive multilateral
  • the splicing assembly of the electric iron ring of the nut of the hole The process complexity and processing cost are reduced, and the overall mechanical strength of the magnetic screw is increased.
  • the present invention employs segmented permanent magnet splicing, and performs oblique plane turning processing according to the calculated angle according to the axial sides of the segmented permanent magnet proposed in the present invention. It not only solves the poor mechanical properties of the permanent magnet material, but also can lead to the ideal spiral N and S magnetic circuit, which will not affect the thrust output and pulsation of the magnetic screw.
  • the magnetic screw side segment permanent magnet and the magnetic nut segment permanent magnet are subjected to a flatning treatment away from the air gap side, so that the permanent magnet and the electric iron material are spliced on one plane. It simplifies the processing complexity and improves the overall mechanical strength.
  • the invention adopts a stopper installed at the end of the electric iron rod, and the stopper is a spiral structure close to the permanent magnet side, and the pitch of the stopper and the segmented permanent magnet are equal after the stitching, so that the permanent magnet can be improved.
  • the stitching accuracy and the mechanical strength of the magnetic screw are equal to the stopper and the segmented permanent magnet.
  • the present invention uses a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet material to replace the hybrid magnetic material used in the prior literature. Compared with the existing hybrid magnetic material, the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet material has high remanence and magnetic properties. Strong and other advantages.
  • the stopper adopts a non-magnetic material, which reduces unnecessary magnetic leakage of the end permanent magnet.
  • the value of the radians ⁇ is 45 degrees.
  • the thicknesses h of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are the same.
  • the pole distance ⁇ of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are the same. Since the arc of the segmented permanent magnet is 45 degrees, the electric iron rod is turned into a regular octagonal structure, and the electric iron ring is drilled into a structure with an axial section of a regular octagonal hole, thereby reinforcing the magnetic wire. The overall mechanical strength of the bar.
  • Figure 1 is a half cross-sectional view showing the three-dimensional structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a 2D plan view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3-4 is a working principle diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a different surface dimension drawing of the magnetic pole segment segment permanent magnet (first permanent magnet a, first permanent magnet b);
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a magnetic rod iron bar; (a) axial schematic view, (b) schematic view of the three-dimensional structure;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the stopper; (a) axial schematic view, (b) schematic view of the three-dimensional structure;
  • Figure 8 is a different surface dimension drawing of the magnetic nut segmented permanent magnet (second permanent magnet a, second permanent magnet b);
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of a magnetic nut electric iron ring; (a) an axial schematic view, (b) a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of a conventional segmented permanent magnet magnetic screw and an improved output thrust.
  • Magnetic screw In the figure: 1. Magnetic screw; 2. Magnetic nut; 3-1. Screw electric iron rod; 3-2. Nut electric iron ring; 4-1. a permanent magnet a; 4-2. a first permanent magnet b; 4-3. a second permanent magnet a; 4-4. a second permanent magnet b; 5-1. a limiter a; 5-2. b; 6-1.
  • First magnetic module 6-2. Second magnetic module.
  • the present invention is a method for processing a permanent magnet surface-mount magnetic screw, comprising a magnetic screw rod 1 and a magnetic nut 2, which are coaxial and have an air gap therebetween.
  • the magnetic screw rod 1 and the magnetic nut 2 respectively have a segmented permanent magnet processed according to the method proposed by the present invention (for convenience of explanation, the segmented permanent magnet on the magnetic screw rod 1 includes the first permanent magnet a4-1, the first permanent The magnet b4-2; the segmented permanent magnet on the magnetic nut 2 comprises a second permanent magnet a4-3, a second permanent magnet b4-4).
  • the magnetic nut 2 is sleeved outside the magnet screw 1.
  • the magnetic nut 2 is rotated in the Z-axis direction.
  • the magnetic screw 1 extends linearly in the Z-axis. Therefore, the axial length of the magnetic nut 2 is smaller than the axial length of the magnetic screw 1, and the specific size is determined according to the required characteristics of the magnetic screw.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 it is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the magnetic screw.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the segmented permanent magnet in the magnetic rod passes through the air gap, enters the corresponding magnetic nut segmented permanent magnet, passes through the nut electric iron ring 3-2 and then passes out from the adjacent magnetic nut segmented permanent magnet. Through the air gap, return to the segmented permanent magnet adjacent to the magnetic rod.
  • the magnetic screw rod 1 is composed of a first permanent magnet a4-1, a first permanent magnet b4-2, an electric iron rod 3-1, a stopper a5-1, and a stopper b5-2.
  • the segmented permanent magnet is flattened away from the air gap side, and one end of the air gap is an arc of a permanent magnet, which leads to an ideal spiral magnetic circuit.
  • the outer surface of the electric iron bar is turned according to the first permanent magnet a4-1, and the structural size of the first permanent magnet b4-2 is an electric iron rod 3-1 whose axial cross section is positive and multi-deformed.
  • the stopper a5-1 and the stopper b5-2 are installed at the end of the electric iron rod 3-1, and the stopper is introduced.
  • the splicing precision and mechanical strength of the first permanent magnet a4-1, the first permanent magnet b4-2 are greatly improved.
  • the magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet a4-1 is radially inward; the magnetization direction of the first permanent magnet b4-2 is radially outward.
  • the first permanent magnet a4-1 and the first permanent magnet b4-2 are sequentially attached to the outer surface of the electric iron rod 3-1 turned into a regular polygon in the Z-axis direction to form a group of first permanent magnet modules 6- 1, there is no gap in the middle.
  • the first permanent magnet module 6-1 is further arranged in the circumferential direction in the circumferential direction to form a spiral structure, leaving no gap in the middle, and is attached on the outer surface of the electric iron rod 3-1, and the number of spiral permanent magnet turns according to the magnetic screw The required characteristics are determined, and the limiter also changes the mounting position following the number of turns of the permanent magnet.
  • the magnetic nut 2 is composed of a second permanent magnet a4-3, a second permanent magnet b4-4 and a nut electric iron ring 3-2.
  • the segmented permanent magnet is flattened away from the air gap side, and one end of the air gap is the second permanent magnet a4-3, and the arc of the second permanent magnet b4-4 leads to the ideal spiral magnetic circuit.
  • the inner surface of the electrician's iron ring is drilled with a nut electric iron ring 3-2 whose axial section is a positive multi-deformation hole.
  • the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet a4-3 is radially inward, and the magnetization direction of the second permanent magnet b4-4 is radially outward.
  • the second permanent magnet a4-3 and the second permanent magnet b4-4 are sequentially attached to the inner surface of the nut electric iron ring 3-2 in the Z-axis direction to form a group of second permanent magnet modules 6-2, without Leave a gap.
  • the second permanent magnet module 6-2 is arranged in sequence according to the circumferential direction to form a spiral structure without gaps in the middle, and is attached to the inner surface of the nut electric iron ring 3-2, and the number of spiral permanent magnet turns according to the magnetic screw The required characteristics are determined.
  • the design method of the magnetic screw and the magnetic nut proposed by the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 The magnetic magnetic screw is required to be a spiral magnetic circuit. Due to the poor mechanical properties of the permanent magnet, a segmented permanent magnet is used to form a spiral magnetic circuit.
  • the segmented permanent magnet is designed according to the ⁇ degree arc. The smaller the curvature, the more the magnetization is. Uniform
  • Step 2 in the case of ensuring the air gap g between the radius r 2 of the magnetic screw rod, the magnetic nut 2 and the magnetic screw rod 1, and fully considering the uniformity of the magnetization of the segmented permanent magnet and the splicing complexity,
  • the first permanent magnet a4-1, the first permanent magnet b4-2 and the second permanent magnet a4-3, and the second permanent magnet b4-4 have a curvature ⁇ , a pole distance ⁇ and a thickness h, which determine an optimal fit of the three;
  • the pole pitch of the first permanent magnet a4-1, the first permanent magnet b4-2 and the second permanent magnet a4-3, and the second permanent magnet b4-4 ⁇ is the same;
  • a permanent magnet a4-1, the inner diameter side of the first permanent magnet b4-2, that is, away from the air gap side, is subjected to a flattening process, and one end of the air gap is the first permanent magnet a4-1 and the first permanent magnet b4-2
  • the arc of the first permanent magnet a4-1 and the first permanent magnet b4-2 are subjected to oblique plane turning processing, and the cutting angle is ⁇ 1 :
  • Step 4 according to the specific dimensions of the first permanent magnet a4-1 and the first permanent magnet b4-2, the invention defines a design size for the electric iron rod 3-1; since the first permanent magnet a4-1, the first permanent magnet b4 The curvature of -2 is ⁇ , and the flatning treatment is performed away from the air gap side, and the electric iron rod 3-1 is turned into a positive n-sided structure according to the structural dimensions of the first permanent magnet a4-1 and the first permanent magnet b4-2.
  • n takes 2 ⁇ / ⁇ ; the cross-circumscribed circle radius of the positive n-sided electric iron rod is r 1 , the length of the electric iron rod 3-1 is l 1 , and the actual length of the electric iron rod is according to the first permanent magnet module 6- The number of laps of 1 is determined;
  • Step 5 since the length of the magnetic screw rod 1 is relatively long, the number of the first permanent magnet a4-1 and the first permanent magnet b4-2 is required. More, in order to fix the position of the first permanent magnet a4-1, the first permanent magnet b4-2, and increase the mechanical strength and splicing precision of the magnetic screw rod 1; the present invention proposes a limiter a5-1, a limiter b5 -2, installed at both ends of the electric iron rod, the stopper a5-1, the stopper b5-2 are made of a non-magnetic material with good mechanical properties and easy processing, the stopper a5-1, the limit The side of the first permanent magnet module 6-1 is turned into a spiral structure, and the pitch ⁇ is the axial length of the first permanent magnet module 6-1;
  • the arc of the magnet is subjected to oblique plane turning processing on both axial sides of the second permanent magnet a4-3 and the second permanent magnet b4-4, and the cutting angle is ⁇ 2 :
  • Step 7 according to the specific size of the second permanent magnet a4-3, the second permanent magnet b4-4, the nut size of the nut electrical iron ring 3-2 is defined; since the second permanent magnet a4-3, the second permanent magnet b4- The arc of 4 is ⁇ , and the flatning treatment is performed away from the air gap side. According to the structural dimensions of the second permanent magnet a4-3 and the second permanent magnet b4-4, the axial electric cross section of the nut electric iron ring 3-2 is drilled.
  • n takes 2 ⁇ / ⁇ ; the radius of the inscribed circle of the positive n-sided hole is r 3 , the axial length of the electric iron ring is l 2 ; the actual axial length of the electric iron ring 3-2 of the nut Determined according to the number of turns of the second permanent magnet module 6-2;
  • Step 8 after the surface of the electric iron rod 3-1 is spliced to complete the stopper a5-1, the stopper b5-2 and the first permanent magnet a4-1, the first permanent magnet b4-2 to form the magnetic screw rod 1; After the second permanent magnet a4-3 and the second permanent magnet b4-4 are spliced on the inner surface of the nut electric iron ring 3-2, the magnetic nut 2 is formed; the two are assembled, and there is gas between the magnetic rod and the magnetic nut.
  • the gap g forms a magnetic screw.
  • the present invention is a surface-mount magnetic screw and a processing method thereof, including a magnetic screw 1, magnetic Nut 2, both coaxial and with an air gap between them.
  • the magnetic nut 2 is sleeved outside the magnet screw 1.
  • the magnetic nut 2 is rotated in the Z-axis direction.
  • the magnetic screw 1 extends linearly in the Z-axis. Therefore, the axial length of the magnetic nut 2 is smaller than the axial length of the magnetic screw 1, and the specific size is determined according to the required characteristics of the magnetic screw.
  • the magnetic screw rod 1 is composed of a first permanent magnet a4-1, a first permanent magnet b4-2, an electric iron rod 3-1, a stopper a5-1, and a stopper b5-2.
  • the permanent magnet is designed according to the arc of ⁇ degree, the value of ⁇ is 45 degrees, the inner diameter is r 1 , and the value of r 1 is 18 mm.
  • the material of the permanent magnet is sinter NdFeB. Compared with the existing literature, the sinter NdFeB has the characteristics of large residual magnetism and strong magnetic properties.
  • the thickness h of the first permanent magnets a and b is optimized to be 6 mm, and the pole distance ⁇ is 10 mm.
  • the inner diameter side of the first permanent magnet that is, the air gap side is trimmed. Since the magnetic screw is a spiral magnetic circuit, and the mechanical characteristics of the sintered NdFeB are poor, the whole spiral can not be processed.
  • the processing method of the electrical iron material proposed in the step 4 is employed, and according to the specific dimensions of the first permanent magnet a4-1 and the first permanent magnet b4-2, the present invention defines the design size of the electric iron rod. Since the arc of the segmented permanent magnet is 45 degrees and is flattened away from the air gap side, the electric iron bar is turned into a regular octagon according to the structural dimensions of the first permanent magnet a4-1 and the first permanent magnet b4-2. structure.
  • the cross-sectional outer circle radius of the regular 8-sided electric iron rod 3-1 is r 1 .
  • the first permanent magnet a4-1 and the first permanent magnet b4-2 after cutting have a magnetization direction which is radially inward and radially outward, respectively, and are sequentially attached to the regular 8-sided electric iron rod 3 according to the Z-axis direction.
  • the first permanent magnet module 6-1 is formed with no gap left in the middle.
  • the first permanent magnet modules 6-1 are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction without gaps in the middle, and are attached to the regular 8-sided electric iron rods 3-1 to form a spiral structure.
  • the number of the first permanent magnet a4-1 and the first permanent magnet b4-2 is 160, respectively, and 20 loops of N and S alternating spiral permanent magnet structures are formed.
  • the permanent magnet machining method proposed by the present invention can achieve the effect of the overall spiral permanent magnet and improve the mechanical strength of the magnetic lead screw.
  • both ends 3-1 are equipped with a stopper a5-1 and a stopper b5-2.
  • the stopper a5-1 and the stopper b5-2 are spirally arranged close to the side of the first permanent magnet module 6-1, and the pitch after the pitch is spliced one turn with the first permanent magnet, that is, the pole distance ⁇ of 2 times is equal, and the pitch is It is 20mm.
  • the magnetic nut 2 is composed of a second permanent magnet a4-3, a second permanent magnet b4-4 and a nut electric iron ring 3-2.
  • the second permanent magnet a4-3 and the second permanent magnet b4-4 are designed according to an arc of a degree, the value of ⁇ is 45 degrees, the inner diameter is r 3 , and the value of r 3 is 25 mm.
  • the material of the permanent magnet is sinter NdFeB. Compared with the existing literature, the sinter NdFeB has the characteristics of large residual magnetism and strong magnetic properties. According to the method proposed in the step 2, the thickness h of the second permanent magnet is optimized to be 6 mm, and the pole distance ⁇ is 10 mm.
  • the second permanent magnet a4-3 and the second permanent magnet b4-4 have magnetization directions radially inward and radially outward, respectively.
  • the outer diameter side of the second permanent magnet that is, the air gap side is trimmed. Since the magnetic screw is a spiral magnetic circuit, and the mechanical characteristics of the sintered NdFeB are poor, the whole spiral can not be processed, and the method of the step 6 is used to perform oblique plane cutting on the axial sides of the second permanent magnet.
  • the inner surface of the electric iron ring is drilled according to the structural dimensions of the second permanent magnet a4-3 and the second permanent magnet b4-4, and the nut electric iron ring 3-2 having an axial cross section of a regular octagon is drilled.
  • the inner radius of the cross section of the nut electric iron ring 3-2 is r 4
  • the value of r 4 is 31 mm.
  • the second permanent magnet a4-3 and the second permanent magnet b4-4 after cutting are sequentially attached to the inner surface of the nut electric iron ring 3-2 in the Z-axis direction to form a second permanent magnet module 6-2.
  • the second permanent magnet modules 6-2 are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction without gaps in the middle, and are attached to the inner surface of the nut electric iron ring 3-2, and are spliced to form a spiral structure.
  • the number of the second permanent magnet a4-3 and the second permanent magnet b4-4 is 24, respectively, forming a three-turn N, S alternating spiral permanent magnet structure.
  • the permanent magnet machining method proposed by the present invention can achieve the effect of the overall spiral permanent magnet and improve the mechanical strength of the magnetic lead screw.
  • FIG. 10 it is a comparison diagram of the output thrust of the ordinary segmented permanent magnet magnetic screw and the improved magnetic screw.
  • A1 is the thrust output waveform of the ordinary segmented permanent magnet magnetic screw before the improvement
  • B1 is The improved thrust output waveform can be seen to improve the high thrust density and low thrust fluctuations under the condition that the improved magnetic screw greatly reduces the processing difficulty while keeping the remaining parameters unchanged.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种表贴式磁力丝杠及其加工方法，属于磁力丝杠领域，磁丝杆由分段永磁体、电工铁棒和限位器构成，磁螺母由分段永磁体和电工铁环构成。在磁丝杆中，分段永磁体表贴在电工铁棒的外表面；在磁螺母中，分段永磁体表贴在电工铁环的内表面。该方法把磁丝杆分段永磁体的内径削平，电工铁棒外表面根据分段永磁体的尺寸车削为轴向截面为正多变形的电工铁棒，同时在电工铁棒的端部安装限位器；磁螺母分段永磁体外径削平，电工铁环根据分段永磁体的尺寸凿钻一个轴向截面为正多边形孔的电工铁环；通过永磁体和铁磁材料之间的相互配合，能够有效的降低螺旋永磁体的加工难度和磁力丝杠的组装难度，并且提升推力密度和机械强度。

Description

一种表贴式磁力丝杠及其加工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种高推力密度磁力丝杠的制造技术，特别涉及到螺旋磁路的等效技术和磁力丝杠组装的方法。
背景技术
磁力丝杠作动系统的研究在国内外尚处于起步阶段。磁力丝杠具有高推力密度、无接触摩擦、维护简单等特点，通过磁场耦合来实现将旋转运动转化为直线运动，反之亦然。因此在很多场合如航空航天、海洋发电、人工心脏等领域具有很好的应用前景。目前，对磁力丝杠研究较多的是永磁体径向充磁的N、S极螺旋交替的表贴式磁力丝杠，而此种结构存在磁力丝杠装配和螺旋永磁体加工的问题。
文献IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION,30(1)：41-50，2015(Magnetic design aspects of the trans-rotary magnetic gear)介绍了一种分段式永磁体磁力丝杠，将径向充磁的分段圆弧永磁体表贴在电工铁棒上。虽然这种结构可以减小磁力丝杠永磁体的加工难度，但所介绍的表贴式永磁体磁力丝杠，由于采用分段圆弧永磁体，推力波动会明显增加。为了减小推力波动，采用减小分段永磁体弧度，即增加了分段永磁体个数的方法，这样增加了磁力丝杠的加工复杂度。由于磁力丝杠采用分段永磁体，分段永磁体在表贴到电工铁棒上时，存在拼接精度低和机械强度低的缺点。
文献IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETISC,50(11):8205004，2014(Electromagnetic lead screw for potential wave energy application)介绍了一种电磁型磁力丝杠，将电工铁棒，制作成螺旋形槽的结构，在槽中绕制线圈，在线圈中通入直流电，从而获得螺旋形磁路。虽然这种结构可以减小磁力丝杠永磁体的加工难度，但所介绍的电磁型磁力丝杠。由于采用电励磁的方式，磁感应强度会明显下降。产生的推力密度不足永磁型磁力丝杠的四分之一。因此，采用有效的办法解决螺旋永磁体的等效和磁力丝杠的组装就具有重要的意义和实用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决磁力丝杠永磁体加工困难和分段永磁体的组装问题，提出了一种简单有效，工程上易于执行的方法。采用本发明提出的加工方法，在保证高推力密度和低推力波动的同时，极大的降低了磁力丝杠的加工难度，并且提高机械强度。
本发明适用于航空航天、人工心脏泵、海洋发电等领域。相比与传统的直线电机，由于磁力丝杠是磁力传动，所以具有过负载能力强，维护费用低和清洁度高等优点。尤 其在人工心脏泵领域，传统的人工心脏泵有，轴流泵和直线心脏泵两种，轴流泵有较大的血损问题，虽然直线心脏泵可以解决血损问题，但是功率密度很低，对人工心脏泵的发展存在不可避免的限制。磁力丝杠与直流无刷电机整合后的人工心脏泵可以同时解决以上问题。
本发明的具有以下技术方案：
一种表贴式磁力丝杠，包括磁丝杆，磁螺母，两者同轴并且之间具有气隙；
所述磁螺母空套在磁丝杆外部，磁丝杆外表面和磁螺母内表面分别表贴有分段永磁体；磁螺母相对磁丝杆做旋转运动，磁丝杆相对磁螺母做直线运动，且磁螺母的轴向长度小于磁丝杆的轴向长度；
所述磁丝杆包括电工铁棒，电工铁棒两端分别设有限位器a、限位器b；电工铁棒的外表面上表贴多个紧密排列的第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b；所述第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b背离气隙的一面(即贴近电工铁棒的一面)做削平处理，正对气隙的一面为圆弧面，引出理想螺旋磁路；电工铁棒的外表面根据第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的结构尺寸车削为轴向截面呈正多变形；
所述磁螺母包括螺母电工铁环，螺母电工铁环内侧表面表贴多个紧密排列的第二永磁体a，第二永磁体b；为方便拼接，第二永磁体a，第二永磁体b的背离气隙的一面(即贴近螺母电工铁环的一面)做削平处理，正对气隙的一面为圆弧面，引出理想螺旋磁路，且与第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的圆弧面相配合；螺母电工铁环内表面根据第二永磁体a，第二永磁体b的结构尺寸，凿钻出轴向截面为正多变形的通孔。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第一永磁体a的充磁方向为径向向内，第一永磁体b的充磁方向为径向向外；第一永磁体a和第一永磁体b沿着轴向依次交替表贴在车削为正多边形的电工铁棒的外表面上，二者之间不留缝隙，形成一组第一永磁模块；第一永磁模块再按照圆周方向依次排列拼接形成螺旋结构，中间不留缝隙；多组第一永磁模块形成的螺旋永磁体圈数根据磁力丝杠的要求特性确定。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述第二永磁体a的充磁方向为径向向内，第二永磁体b的充磁方向为径向向外；第二永磁体a和第二永磁体b沿着轴向依次交替表贴在螺母电工铁环的内表面上，二者之间不留缝隙，形成一组第二永磁模块；第二永磁模块再按照圆周方向依次排列拼接形成螺旋结构，中间不留缝隙；多组第二永磁模块形成的螺旋永磁体圈数根据磁力丝杠的要求特性确定。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述限位器a、限位器b结构相同，分别套在电工铁棒 的两端，所述限位器a、限位器b靠近第一永磁模块的一侧车削为螺旋结构，螺距λ为第一永磁模块的轴向长度。
本发明的方法的技术方案为：一种表贴式磁力丝杠的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，磁力丝杠中所需为螺旋磁路，由于永磁体机械性能差，采用分段永磁体拼接形成螺旋磁路，分段永磁体按照α度圆弧设计，弧度越小，充磁越均匀；
步骤2，在保证磁丝杆半径r2、磁螺母和磁丝杆之间的气隙g、并且充分考虑到分段永磁体充磁的均匀性和拼接复杂度的情况下，确定第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b和第二永磁体a，第二永磁体b的弧度α、极距τ和厚度h，确定三者的最优配合；为使磁螺母和磁丝杆达到相同的调制关系，第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b和第二永磁体a，第二永磁体b的极距τ相同；
步骤3，在确定永磁体的极距τ和厚度h后，确定第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的具体尺寸,永磁体内径为r1＝r2-h；对第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的内径侧，即背离气隙侧，做削平处理，正对气隙的一端为第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的圆弧；对第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的轴向两侧，做斜平面车削处理，切割的角度为θ1：
Figure PCTCN2016082565-appb-000001
步骤4，根据第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的具体尺寸，本发明对电工铁棒限定设计尺寸；由于第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的弧度为α，并且背离气隙侧做削平处理，根据第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的结构尺寸，把电工铁棒车削为正n边形结构，n取2π/α；正n边形电工铁棒的截面外切圆半径为r1，电工铁棒的长度为l1，电工铁棒的实际长度根据第一永磁模块的圈数确定；
步骤5，由于磁丝杆长度比较长，所需第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的个数较多，为了固定第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b的位置，并且增加磁丝杆的机械强度和拼接精度；本发明提出限位器a、限位器b，安装在电工铁棒的两端，限位器a、限位器b由机械特性好，容易加工的非导磁材料制作，所述限位器a、限位器b靠近第一永磁模块的一侧车削为螺旋结构，螺距λ为第一永磁模块的轴向长度；
步骤6，在确定第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的极距τ和厚度h后，确定第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的具体尺寸,内径为r3＝r2+g；对第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的外径侧，即背离气隙侧，做削平处理，正对气隙的一端为分段永磁体的圆弧，对第二永磁体 a、第二永磁体b的轴向两侧做斜平面车削处理，切割的角度为θ2：
Figure PCTCN2016082565-appb-000002
步骤7，根据第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的具体尺寸，对螺母电工铁环限定设计尺寸；由于第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的弧度为α，并且背离气隙侧做削平处理，根据第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的结构尺寸，把螺母电工铁环凿钻出轴向截面为正n边形孔结构，n取2π/α；正n边形孔的内切圆半径为r3，电工铁环的轴向长度为l2；螺母电工铁环的实际轴向长度根据第二永磁模块的圈数确定；
步骤8，在电工铁棒表面上拼接完成限位器a、限位器b和第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b后形成磁丝杆；在螺母电工铁环内表面上拼接完成第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b后形成磁螺母；将两者组装起来，磁丝杆和磁螺母之间有气隙g，形成磁力丝杠。
进一步，所述分段永磁体的材料采用烧结性钕铁硼。
进一步，所述分段永磁体按照α度圆弧设计，α的取值在30度至60度之间；磁丝杆半径r2即第一永磁体a和第一永磁体b的外径为25mm，磁丝杆和磁螺母之间的气隙g的取值为1mm；第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b和第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的厚度h相同，厚度h的取值为5mm至8mm；为使磁螺母和磁丝杆达到相同的调制关系，第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b和第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的极距τ相同，极距τ的取值为8mm至12mm；第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b和第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的轴向两侧，做斜平面车削处理，切割的角度分别为θ1和θ2；第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b和第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的弧度α取45度，厚度h的取值为6mm，极距τ的取值为10mm，切割的角度θ1为8.3度，θ2为6.1度。
进一步，根据第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b和第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的具体尺寸，确定电工铁棒和螺母电工铁环的具体尺寸；由于第一永磁体a、第一永磁体b和第二永磁体a、第二永磁体b的弧度α取45度，所以把电工铁棒车削为轴向截面为正八边形结构，把电工铁环凿钻出轴向截面为正八边形孔的结构；电工铁棒的长度为l1，l1的取值为500mm，螺母电工铁环的轴向长度为l2，l2的取值为80mm。
本发明采用上述技术方案后，具有如下有益效果：
1、本发明采用磁丝杆分段永磁体和正多边形电工铁棒，磁螺母分段永磁体和正多边 形孔的螺母电工铁环的拼接组装。减小了工艺复杂度和加工成本，并且提高磁力丝杠整体的机械强度。
2、本发明采用分段永磁体拼接，根据本发明中提出的对分段永磁体轴向两侧，按照计算的角度进行斜平面车削处理。不仅解决永磁材料机械特性差，而且可以引出理想螺旋形N、S极磁路，对磁力丝杠的推力输出和脉动都不会造成影响。
3、本发明采用中，对磁丝杆分段永磁体和磁螺母分段永磁体的背离气隙侧采用削平处理，使得永磁体和电工铁材料拼接在一个平面上。简化了加工复杂度，提高整体的机械强度。
4、本发明采用在电工铁棒的端部安装限位器，限位器靠近永磁体侧为螺旋结构，限位器螺距和分段永磁体拼接一圈后的螺距相等，因而可以提高永磁体的拼接精度，并且提高磁力丝杠的机械强度。
5、本发明采用烧结型钕铁硼永磁材料来替代现有文献中采用的混合磁材料，相比于现有的混合磁材料，烧结型钕铁硼永磁材料具有剩磁高，磁性能强等优点。本发明中限位器采用非导磁材料，减小了端部永磁体不必要的漏磁。
6、在充分考虑到分段永磁体充磁的均匀性和拼接复杂度的情况下，弧度α的取值为45度。为了避免永磁体的退磁，第一永磁体和第二永磁体的厚度h相同。为使磁螺母和磁丝杆达到相同的调制关系，第一永磁体和第二永磁体的极距τ相同。由于分段永磁体的弧度α取45度，所以把电工铁棒车削为轴向截面为正八边形结构，把电工铁环凿钻出轴向截面为正八边形孔的结构，从而增强磁力丝杠整体的机械强度。
附图说明
图1是本发明立体结构的半剖示意图；
图2是本发明结构的2D平面图；
图3-4是本发明的工作原理图；
图5是磁丝杆分段永磁体(第一永磁体a，第一永磁体b)不同表面尺寸标注图；
图6是磁丝杆电工铁棒示意图；(a)轴向示意图，(b)立体结构示意图；
图7是是限位器示意图；(a)轴向示意图，(b)立体结构示意图；
图8磁螺母分段永磁体(第二永磁体a，第二永磁体b)不同表面尺寸标注图；
图9；是磁螺母电工铁环示意图；(a)轴向示意图，(b)立体结构示意图；
图10是普通分段永磁体磁力丝杠和改进后的输出推力对比示意图。
图中：1.磁丝杆；2.磁螺母；3-1.丝杆电工铁棒；3-2.螺母电工铁环；4-1.第 一永磁体a；4-2.第一永磁体b；4-3.第二永磁体a；4-4.第二永磁体b；5-1.限位器a；5-2.限位器b；6-1.第一聚磁模块；6-2.第二聚磁模块。
具体实施方式
如图1和图2所示，本发明为一种永磁体表贴式磁力丝杠的加工方法，包含磁丝杆1，磁螺母2，两者同轴并且之间具有气隙。磁丝杆1和磁螺母2分别表贴有按照本发明提出方法加工的分段永磁体(为了方便解释，磁丝杆1上的分段永磁体包括第一永磁体a4-1，第一永磁体b4-2；磁螺母2上的分段永磁体包括第二永磁体a4-3，第二永磁体b4-4)。磁螺母2空套在磁丝杆1外。磁螺母2延Z轴向做旋转运动，根据磁力丝杠的工作原理，磁丝杆1延Z轴做直线运动。所以磁螺母2的轴向长度小于磁丝杆1的轴向长度，具体尺寸根据磁力丝杠的要求特性确定。
根据磁力丝杠的工作原理，由于磁丝杆1和磁螺母2中均为螺旋永磁磁场，所以通过磁场耦合来实现将旋转运动转化为直线运动，或者将直线运动转化为旋转运动。如图3和图4所示，为磁力丝杠的工作原理示意图。磁丝杆中分段永磁体产生的磁通穿过气隙，进入相对应的磁螺母分段永磁体，经过螺母电工铁环3-2再从相邻的磁螺母分段永磁体穿出，通过气隙，返回到磁丝杆相邻的分段永磁体中。在图3中，当磁丝杆1和磁螺母2的相对位移为零，即两者为正对位置时，两者不产生推力和转矩的转化。随着磁丝杆1运动产生的位移，气隙中的磁感应强度的切向分量显著增加，产生推力。当位移在τ/2时，产生最大推力，如图4所示。
所述磁丝杆1由第一永磁体a4-1，第一永磁体b4-2，电工铁棒3-1和限位器a5-1，限位器b5-2构成。为方便拼接，分段永磁体的背离气隙侧做削平处理，正对气隙的一端为永磁体的圆弧，引出理想螺旋磁路。电工铁棒外表面根据第一永磁体a4-1，第一永磁体b4-2的结构尺寸车削为轴向截面为正多变形的电工铁棒3-1。由于磁丝杆1中所需的分段永磁体个数较多，在电工铁棒3-1的端部安装限位器a5-1和限位器b5-2，引入限位器后，极大的提高了第一永磁体a4-1，第一永磁体b4-2的拼接精度和机械强度。第一永磁体a4-1的充磁方向为径向向内；第一永磁体b4-2的充磁方向为径向向外。第一永磁体a4-1和第一永磁体b4-2，按照Z轴方向依次表贴在车削为正多边形的电工铁棒3-1的外表面上，形成一组第一永磁模块6-1，中间不留缝隙。第一永磁模块6-1再按照圆周方向，依次周向排列拼接形成螺旋结构，中间不留缝隙，表贴在电工铁棒3-1的外表面上，螺旋永磁体圈数根据磁力丝杠的要求特性确定，限位器也跟随永磁体的圈数改变安装位置。
所述磁螺母2由第二永磁体a4-3，第二永磁体b4-4和螺母电工铁环3-2构成。为方便拼接，分段永磁体的背离气隙侧做削平处理，正对气隙的一端为第二永磁体a4-3，第二永磁体b4-4的圆弧，引出理想螺旋磁路。电工铁环内表面根据第二永磁体的结构尺寸，凿钻出轴向截面为正多变形孔的螺母电工铁环3-2。第二永磁体a4-3的充磁方向为径向向内，第二永磁体b4-4的充磁方向为径向向外。第二永磁体a4-3和第二永磁体b4-4，按照Z轴方向依次表贴在螺母电工铁环3-2的内表面上，形成一组第二永磁模块6-2，中间不留缝隙。第二永磁模块6-2再按照圆周方向，依次排列拼接形成螺旋结构，中间不留缝隙，表贴在螺母电工铁环3-2的内表面上，螺旋永磁体圈数根据磁力丝杠的要求特性确定。
为获得最佳螺旋磁路，本发明提出的磁丝杆和磁螺母的设计方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1，磁力丝杠中所需为螺旋磁路，由于永磁体机械性能差，采用分段永磁体拼接形成螺旋磁路，分段永磁体按照α度圆弧设计，弧度越小，充磁越均匀；
步骤2，在保证磁丝杆1半径r2、磁螺母2和磁丝杆1之间的气隙g、并且充分考虑到分段永磁体充磁的均匀性和拼接复杂度的情况下，确定第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2和第二永磁体a4-3，第二永磁体b4-4的弧度α、极距τ和厚度h，确定三者的最优配合；为使磁螺母2和磁丝杆1达到相同的调制关系，第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2和第二永磁体a4-3，第二永磁体b4-4的极距τ相同；
步骤3，在确定永磁体的极距τ和厚度h后，确定第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2的具体尺寸,永磁体内径为r1＝r2-h；对第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2的内径侧，即背离气隙侧，做削平处理，正对气隙的一端为第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2的圆弧；对第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2的轴向两侧，做斜平面车削处理，切割的角度为θ1：
Figure PCTCN2016082565-appb-000003
步骤4，根据第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2的具体尺寸，本发明对电工铁棒3-1限定设计尺寸；由于第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2的弧度为α，并且背离气隙侧做削平处理，根据第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2的结构尺寸，把电工铁棒3-1车削为正n边形结构，n取2π/α；正n边形电工铁棒的截面外切圆半径为r1，电工铁棒3-1的长度为l1，电工铁棒的实际长度根据第一永磁模块6-1的圈数确定；
步骤5，由于磁丝杆1长度比较长，所需第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2的个数 较多，为了固定第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2的位置，并且增加磁丝杆1的机械强度和拼接精度；本发明提出限位器a5-1、限位器b5-2，安装在电工铁棒的两端，限位器a5-1、限位器b5-2由机械特性好，容易加工的非导磁材料制作，所述限位器a5-1、限位器b5-2靠近第一永磁模块6-1的一侧车削为螺旋结构，螺距λ为第一永磁模块6-1的轴向长度；
步骤6，在确定第二永磁体a4-3、第二永磁体b4-4的极距τ和厚度h后，确定第二永磁体a4-3、第二永磁体b4-4的具体尺寸,内径为r3＝r2+g；对第二永磁体a4-3、第二永磁体b4-4的外径侧，即背离气隙侧，做削平处理，正对气隙的一端为分段永磁体的圆弧，对第二永磁体a4-3、第二永磁体b4-4的轴向两侧做斜平面车削处理，切割的角度为θ2：
Figure PCTCN2016082565-appb-000004
步骤7，根据第二永磁体a4-3、第二永磁体b4-4的具体尺寸，对螺母电工铁环3-2限定设计尺寸；由于第二永磁体a4-3、第二永磁体b4-4的弧度为α，并且背离气隙侧做削平处理，根据第二永磁体a4-3、第二永磁体b4-4的结构尺寸，把螺母电工铁环3-2凿钻出轴向截面为正n边形孔结构，n取2π/α；正n边形孔的内切圆半径为r3，电工铁环的轴向长度为l2；螺母电工铁环3-2的实际轴向长度根据第二永磁模块6-2的圈数确定；
步骤8，在电工铁棒3-1表面上拼接完成限位器a5-1、限位器b5-2和第一永磁体a4-1、第一永磁体b4-2后形成磁丝杆1；在螺母电工铁环3-2内表面上拼接完成第二永磁体a4-3、第二永磁体b4-4后形成磁螺母2；将两者组装起来，磁丝杆和磁螺母之间有气隙g，形成磁力丝杠。
实施例
作为本发明的具体实施例，下面将结合附图对本发明加以说明，如图1和图2所示，本发明为一种表贴式磁力丝杠及其加工方法，包含磁丝杆1，磁螺母2，两者同轴并且之间具有气隙。磁螺母2空套在磁丝杆1外。磁螺母2延Z轴向做旋转运动，根据磁力丝杠的工作原理，磁丝杆1延Z轴做直线运动。所以磁螺母2的轴向长度小于磁丝杆1的轴向长度，具体尺寸根据磁力丝杠的要求特性确定。
所述磁丝杆1由第一永磁体a4-1，第一永磁体b4-2，电工铁棒3-1和限位器a5-1，限位器b5-2构成。如图5所示，永磁体按照α度圆弧设计，α的取值为45度，内径 为r1，r1的取值为18mm。永磁体的材料采用烧结性钕铁硼，相比于现有文献中采用混合型磁材料，烧结性钕铁硼具有剩磁大，磁性能强的特点。根据步骤2中提出的方法，优化得到第一永磁体a和b的厚度h为6mm，极距τ为10mm。采用步骤3提出的永磁体加工方法，为方便拼接和增加机械强度，对第一永磁体的内径侧，即背离气隙侧做削平处理。由于磁力丝杠为螺旋磁路，并且烧结钕铁硼机械特性较差，不能实现整体螺旋的加工，采用步骤3中提出的方法，对第一永磁体的轴向两侧进行斜平面切割处理，切割角度根据公式，得到θ1＝8.3度。
如图6所示，采用步骤4提出的电工铁材料的加工方法，根据第一永磁体a4-1和第一永磁体b4-2的具体尺寸，本发明对电工铁棒限定设计尺寸。由于分段永磁体的弧度为45度，并且背离气隙侧做削平处理，根据第一永磁体a4-1和第一永磁体b4-2的结构尺寸，把电工铁棒车削为正8边形结构。正8边形电工铁棒3-1的截面外切圆半径为r1。切割后的第一永磁体a4-1和第一永磁体b4-2，充磁方向分别为径向向内和径向向外，按照Z轴方向依次表贴在正8边形电工铁棒3-1上，形成第一永磁模块6-1，中间不留缝隙。第一永磁模块6-1依次延圆周方向排列，中间不留缝隙，表贴在正8边形电工铁棒3-1上，拼接形成螺旋结构。第一永磁体a4-1和第一永磁体b4-2的个数为分别160个，形成20圈N、S交替的螺旋永磁体结构。通过本发明提出的永磁体加工方法可以实现整体螺旋永磁体的效果，并且提高了磁力丝杠的机械强度。
如图7所示，由于磁丝杆1中所需的第一永磁体a4-1，第一永磁体b4-2个数较多，为了方便拼接，提高加工精度，在正八边形电工铁棒3-1的两端安装限位器a5-1和限位器b5-2。限位器a5-1和限位器b5-2靠近第一永磁模块6-1侧为螺旋结构，螺距与第一永磁体拼接一圈后的螺距，即2倍的极距τ相等，螺距为20mm。
所述磁螺母2由第二永磁体a4-3，第二永磁体b4-4和螺母电工铁环3-2构成。如图8所示，第二永磁体a4-3，第二永磁体b4-4按照α度圆弧设计，α的取值为45度，内径为r3，r3的取值为25mm。永磁体的材料采用烧结性钕铁硼，相比于现有文献中采用混合型磁材料，烧结性钕铁硼具有剩磁大，磁性能强的特点。根据步骤2中提出的方法，优化得到第二永磁体的厚度h为6mm，极距τ为10mm。第二永磁体a4-3和第二永磁体b4-4，充磁方向分别为径向向内和径向向外。采用步骤6提出的永磁体加工方法，为方便拼接和增加机械强度，对第二永磁体的外径侧，即背离气隙侧做削平处理。由于磁力丝杠为螺旋磁路，并且烧结钕铁硼机械特性较差，不能实现整体螺旋的加工，采用步骤6中提出的方法，对第二永磁体的轴向两侧进行斜平面切割处理，切割角度根据公式， 得到θ2＝6.1度。
如图9所示，电工铁环内表面根据第二永磁体a4-3和第二永磁体b4-4的结构尺寸，凿钻出轴向截面为正八边形的螺母电工铁环3-2，螺母电工铁环3-2的截面内切圆半径为r4，r4的取值为31mm。切割后的第二永磁体a4-3和第二永磁体b4-4，按照Z轴方向依次表贴在螺母电工铁环3-2的内表面上，形成第二永磁模块6-2，中间不留缝隙，其中第二永磁体a4-3和第二永磁体b4-4充磁方向分别为径向向内和径向向外。第二永磁模块6-2依次延圆周方向排列，中间不留缝隙，表贴在螺母电工铁环3-2的内表面上，拼接形成螺旋结构。第二永磁体a4-3和第二永磁体b4-4的个数为分别24个，形成3圈N、S交替的螺旋永磁体结构。通过本发明提出的永磁体加工方法可以实现整体螺旋永磁体的效果，并且提高了磁力丝杠的机械强度。
如图10所示，为普通分段式永磁体磁力丝杠和改进后磁力丝杠输出推力的比较图，图中A1为改进前的普通分段永磁体磁力丝杠的推力输出波形，B1为改进后的推力输出波形，可以看到在保持其余参数不变的情况下，改进后磁力丝杠在大大降低加工难度的情况下，保证了高推力密度，低推力波动的特点。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种表贴式磁力丝杠，其特征在于，包括磁丝杆(1)，磁螺母(2)，两者同轴并且之间具有气隙；
    所述磁螺母(2)空套在磁丝杆(1)外部，磁丝杆(1)外表面和磁螺母(2)内表面分别表贴有分段永磁体；磁螺母(2)相对磁丝杆(1)做旋转运动，磁丝杆(1)相对磁螺母(2)做直线运动，且磁螺母(2)的轴向长度小于磁丝杆(1)的轴向长度；
    所述磁丝杆(1)包括电工铁棒(3-1)，电工铁棒(3-1)两端分别设有限位器a(5-1)、限位器b(5-2)；电工铁棒(3-1)的外表面上表贴多个紧密排列的第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)；所述第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)背离气隙的一面做削平处理，正对气隙的一面为圆弧面，用于引出理想螺旋磁路；电工铁棒(3-1)的外表面根据第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的结构尺寸车削为轴向截面呈正多变形；
    所述磁螺母(2)包括螺母电工铁环(3-2)，螺母电工铁环(3-2)内侧表面表贴多个紧密排列的第二永磁体a(4-3)，第二永磁体b(4-4)；为方便拼接，第二永磁体a(4-3)，第二永磁体b(4-4)的背离气隙的一面做削平处理，正对气隙的一面为圆弧面，用于引出理想螺旋磁路，且与第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的圆弧面相配合；螺母电工铁环(3-2)内表面根据第二永磁体a(4-3)，第二永磁体b(4-4)的结构尺寸，凿钻出轴向截面为正多变形的通孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种表贴式磁力丝杠，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体a(4-1)的充磁方向为径向向内，第一永磁体b(4-2)的充磁方向为径向向外；第一永磁体a(4-1)和第一永磁体b(4-2)沿着轴向依次交替表贴在车削为正多边形的电工铁棒(3-1)的外表面上，二者之间不留缝隙，形成一组第一永磁模块(6-1)；第一永磁模块(6-1)再按照圆周方向依次排列拼接形成螺旋结构，中间不留缝隙；多组第一永磁模块(6-1)形成的螺旋永磁体圈数根据磁力丝杠的要求特性确定。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种表贴式磁力丝杠，其特征在于，所述第二永磁体a(4-3)的充磁方向为径向向内，第二永磁体b(4-4)的充磁方向为径向向外；第二永磁体a(4-3)和第二永磁体b(4-4)沿着轴向依次交替表贴在螺母电工铁环(3-2)的内表面上，二者之间不留缝隙，形成一组第二永磁模块(6-2)；第二永磁模块(6-2)再按照圆周方向依次排列拼接形成螺旋结构，中间不留缝隙；多组第二永磁模块(6-2)形成的 螺旋永磁体圈数根据磁力丝杠的要求特性确定。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种表贴式磁力丝杠，其特征在于，所述限位器a(5-1)、限位器b(5-2)结构相同，分别套在电工铁棒(3-1)的两端，所述限位器a(5-1)、限位器b(5-2)靠近第一永磁模块(6-1)的一侧车削为螺旋结构，螺距λ为第一永磁模块(6-1)的轴向长度。
  5. 一种表贴式磁力丝杠的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，磁力丝杠中所需为螺旋磁路，由于永磁体机械性能差，采用分段永磁体拼接形成螺旋磁路，分段永磁体按照α度圆弧设计，弧度越小，充磁越均匀；
    步骤2，在保证磁丝杆(1)半径r2、磁螺母(2)和磁丝杆(1)之间的气隙g、并且充分考虑到分段永磁体充磁的均匀性和拼接复杂度的情况下，确定第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)和第二永磁体a(4-3)，第二永磁体b(4-4)的弧度α、极距τ和厚度h，确定三者的最优配合；为使磁螺母(2)和磁丝杆(1)达到相同的调制关系，第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)和第二永磁体a(4-3)，第二永磁体b(4-4)的极距τ相同；
    步骤3，在确定永磁体的极距τ和厚度h后，确定第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的具体尺寸,永磁体内径为r1＝r2-h；对第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的内径侧，即背离气隙侧，做削平处理，正对气隙的一端为第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的圆弧；对第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的轴向两侧，做斜平面车削处理，切割的角度为θ1：
    Figure PCTCN2016082565-appb-100001
    步骤4，根据第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的具体尺寸，本发明对电工铁棒(3-1)限定设计尺寸；由于第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的弧度为α，并且背离气隙侧做削平处理，根据第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的结构尺寸，把电工铁棒(3-1)车削为正n边形结构，n取2π/α；正n边形电工铁棒的截面外切圆半径为r1，电工铁棒(3-1)的长度为l1，电工铁棒的实际长度根据第一永磁模块(6-1)的圈数确定；
    步骤5，由于磁丝杆(1)长度比较长，所需第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的个数较多，为了固定第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)的位置，并且增加磁丝杆(1)的机械强度和拼接精度；本发明提出限位器a(5-1)、限位器b(5-2)，安装在 电工铁棒的两端，限位器a(5-1)、限位器b(5-2)由机械特性好，容易加工的非导磁材料制作，所述限位器a(5-1)、限位器b(5-2)靠近第一永磁模块(6-1)的一侧车削为螺旋结构，螺距λ为第一永磁模块(6-1)的轴向长度；
    步骤6，在确定第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的极距τ和厚度h后，确定第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的具体尺寸,内径为r3＝r2+g；对第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的外径侧，即背离气隙侧，做削平处理，正对气隙的一端为分段永磁体的圆弧，对第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的轴向两侧做斜平面车削处理，切割的角度为θ2：
    Figure PCTCN2016082565-appb-100002
    步骤7，根据第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的具体尺寸，对螺母电工铁环(3-2)限定设计尺寸；由于第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的弧度为α，并且背离气隙侧做削平处理，根据第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的结构尺寸，把螺母电工铁环(3-2)凿钻出轴向截面为正n边形孔结构，n取2π/α；正n边形孔的内切圆半径为r3，电工铁环的轴向长度为l2；螺母电工铁环(3-2)的实际轴向长度根据第二永磁模块(6-2)的圈数确定；
    步骤8，在电工铁棒(3-1)表面上拼接完成限位器a(5-1)、限位器b(5-2)和第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)后形成磁丝杆(1)；在螺母电工铁环(3-2)内表面上拼接完成第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)后形成磁螺母(2)；将两者组装起来，磁丝杆和磁螺母之间有气隙g，形成磁力丝杠。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种表贴式磁力丝杠的加工方法，其特征在于，所述分段永磁体的材料采用烧结性钕铁硼。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种表贴式磁力丝杠的加工方法，其特征在于，所述分段永磁体按照α度圆弧设计，α的取值在30度至60度之间；磁丝杆(1)半径r2即第一永磁体a(4-1)和第一永磁体b(4-2)的外径为25mm，磁丝杆和磁螺母之间的气隙g的取值为1mm；第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)和第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的厚度h相同，厚度h的取值为5mm至8mm；为使磁螺母和磁丝杆达到相同的调制关系，第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)和第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的极距τ相同，极距τ的取值为8mm至12mm；第一永磁体a(4-1)、第 一永磁体b(4-2)和第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的轴向两侧，做斜平面车削处理，切割的角度分别为θ1和θ2；第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)和第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的弧度α取45度，厚度h的取值为6mm，极距τ的取值为10mm，切割的角度θ1为8.3度，θ2为6.1度。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的一种表贴式磁力丝杠的加工方法，其特征在于，根据第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)和第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的具体尺寸，确定电工铁棒(3-1)和螺母电工铁环(3-2)的具体尺寸；由于第一永磁体a(4-1)、第一永磁体b(4-2)和第二永磁体a(4-3)、第二永磁体b(4-4)的弧度α取45度，所以把电工铁棒(3-1)车削为轴向截面为正八边形结构，把螺母电工铁环(3-2)凿钻出轴向截面为正八边形孔的结构；电工铁棒(3-1)的长度为l1，l1的取值为500mm，螺母电工铁环(3-2)的轴向长度为l2，l2的取值为80mm。
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