WO2017167459A1

WO2017167459A1 - Filter unit for filtering contaminated water

Info

Publication number: WO2017167459A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/025071
Authority: WO
Inventors: André Lang; Marc Jolly; Jacobi FRIEDHELM; Roland Fischer
Original assignee: Norafin Industries (Germany) Gmbh
Priority date: 2016-03-31
Filing date: 2017-03-30
Publication date: 2017-10-05
Also published as: DE102016003709A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a filter unit (1) for filtering water with contaminants, having a plurality of filter layers (6a-g) which are arranged one over the other and in each of which a filter material is provided for specifically interacting with one of the contaminants of the water. A nonwoven layer (11a) is provided between at least one first layer (6a) and second layer (6b) of the filter layers (6a-g), said first (6a) and second filter layer (6b) being adjacent with respect to the flow, as a separating layer for separating the filter material of the first filter layer (6a) from the filter material of the second filter layer (6b).

Description

Filter unit for filtering contaminated water

The present invention relates to a filter unit for filtering water with impurities.

The impurities may be, for example, true or colloidally dissolved pollutants, but also suspended, emulsified or particulate pollutants. To filter out different pollutants different Liehe filter materials are provided, which thus each interact specifically with other of the impurities, so they z. B. bind, convert or separate.

The present invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a particularly advantageous filter unit.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a filter unit for filtering water with impurities which is designed to be flowed through by the water, wherein the filter unit has a plurality of filter layers arranged successively with respect to the throughflow, in each of which a filter material for the specific Interaction with one of the contaminants of the water is provided, and wherein between at least a first and a second of the filter layers, which first and second filter layer are adjacent to the flow next, a nonwoven layer as a release layer for separating the filter material of the first filter layer of the filter material second filter layer is provided.

Preferred embodiments can be found in the dependent claims and the entire disclosure, wherein in the illustration is not always distinguished in detail between the filter unit, a use for a water drainage with such a filter unit, the water flow with such a use or corresponding uses; In any case, implicitly, the disclosure must be read with regard to all configurations and categories of claims. In the filter unit according to the invention, the filter material of the first of the filter material of the second filter layer is separated with a nonwoven fabric layer as a release layer. This may, for example, be advantageous to the extent that such an undesired mixing of the filter material can be prevented. In case of maintenance z. B. even only one of the filter materials, which is actually used up, be selectively replaced, which would not be possible in the case of a loose bed. In addition, the inventor has found that without fractionation in the filter materials channels can form through the entire filter unit; This can be prevented, for example, due to turbulences on the separating layer (s). Compared to a separation of the filter layers with a rigid screen, which was initially considered by the inventors as an alternative, the nonwoven layer as a separating layer is advantageous insofar as fine particles which can detach from the filter materials over time are at least to some extent prevented from doing so. into the downstream filter layer (s). This may, for example, help prevent premature closure of fine pores of the downstream filter material and thereby premature loss of the ability to pick up and bind contaminants in the interior spaces. The service life of the filter unit is thereby extended and the cleaning performance more effective.

As a filter material, filter particles may be preferred, which are then also referred to as "active particles." The "specific interaction" with one of the impurities means, for example, adsorption or chemical conversion of the impurity; The interaction can, for example, also be achieved by ion exchange. Activated carbon can be provided as adsorbent, for example, (alternatively or in addition thereto), for example, clay minerals, metal hydroxides and / or metal oxyhydrates. The filter materials are not necessarily all provided in particle form, but, for example, artificial or natural fibers are also possible as filter material, for example oil-binding or ion-adsorbing fibers. Of course, a particular filter material need not necessarily interact with only a single contaminant, but it is also an interaction with multiple contaminants of e.g. B. the like Type possible. In general, "a" and "an" without expressly indicating otherwise are to be understood as indefinite articles, ie to read "at least one" or "at least one". Preferably there is a main flow direction in which the filter layers follow one another; the filter layers are preferably each plan and the main flow direction is perpendicular to it. With regard to the directions perpendicular to the main throughflow direction, the filter layers are preferably surrounded by a circumferential (based on a circulation around the main flow direction) filter unit sleeve, for example. Of metal, preferably stainless steel, or even of a plastic material. Relative to the directions perpendicular to the main flow direction, the filter unit sleeve is waterproof. When considered in the sectional planes perpendicular to the main flow direction, the filter unit sleeve is preferably annular, so it has a total of a hollow cylindrical shape (but this is generally not mandatory).

In the case of the hollow cylindrical filter unit sleeve, the filter layers are then each cylindrical. The main flow direction is then parallel to the center axis of this cylinder / hollow cylinder geometry. The water to be filtered enters the filter unit sleeve at one end, passes through the filter sheets and then exits the filter unit sleeve at an opposite end with respect to the main flow direction and, for example, enters a directly connected pipe. The filter layers preferably each have a mean extension, taken in the main flow direction, of at least 2 cm, preferably at least 3 cm, and (independently thereof) of, for example, not more than 8 cm, 7 cm or 6 cm (in the order of mention increasingly preferred). In the case of a thickness varying over the respective filter layer, a mean extent formed over the respective filter layer (in the main throughflow direction) is considered here.

In general, "plurality" in the context of this disclosure means at least 2, wherein further lower limits may be at least 3 or 4, preferably upper and lower limits. may be (independent of), for example, at most 10, 8 or 6 (in the order of entry increasingly preferred). Preferably, between each, with respect to the flow successive filter layers of the filter unit is provided in each case a nonwoven fabric layer as a release layer, so there are n-1 layers of nonwoven fabric as release layers in n filter layers. Preferably, a nonwoven fabric layer is also arranged at the inlet and / or the outlet of the filter unit, that is, the first filter layer in relation to the flow and / or the last filter layer of in each case two nonwoven fabric layers are enclosed.

Preferably, all filter layers differ in their respective filter material. The difference may be in another material (eg activated carbon compared to iron powder) and / or in a different mean grain size (and then same material) and / or in a different mixing ratio if the filter material is a mixture of several Materials is.

In a preferred embodiment, the nonwoven fabric layer (s) comprise silver fibers, preferably to a mass fraction of at least 2 wt%, more preferably at least 3 wt%, with possible upper limits (independently thereof) being increasingly preferred in this order at most 10% by weight, 9% by weight, 8% by weight, 7% by weight and 6% by weight, respectively. The inventors have found that the silver fibers advantageously help to prevent germination or the emergence of a biorasens on the nonwoven layer, which can help preserve their hydraulic permeability for a longer time. Here is another advantage of the nonwoven layer over the sieve discussed as an alternative; Namely, the silver can be comparatively easily integrated into the nonwoven layer via the fiber mixture, whereas in the case of the screen, for example, an expensive coating would be necessary in terms of cost. The "silver fibers" each have at least silver, preferably a non-silver-containing fiber core, for example a polyamide core, coated with the silver, preferably pure silver. In general, the nonwoven fabric layer preferably has fibers which are difficult to biodegrade, particularly preferably PET fibers (polyethylene terephthalate), for example to a mass fraction of at least 80% by weight, 85% by weight and 90% by weight; Particularly preferably, the nonwoven layer consists exclusively of the PET fibers and the silver fibers. Preferably, the nonwoven fabric layer is a needle felt and / or it has a basis weight of at least 200 g / m ² , 220 g / m ² , 240 g / m ² , 260 g / m ² and 270 g / m ² , with possible upper limits ( at least 360 g / m ² , 340 g / m ² , 320 g / m ² , 300 g / m ² and 290 g / m ² are respectively (increasingly preferred in the order in which they are mentioned), especially preferred are 280 g / m ² . Preferably, all nonwoven fabric layers of the filter unit are provided accordingly ("nonwoven fabric" without further information, I always refers to the filter unit).

In a preferred embodiment, the first filter layer of the second upstream in relation to the flow and it has as a filter material, a clay mineral, preferably vermiculite, and / or a metal powder, preferably an electro-negative metal powder on. As the metal powder, iron powder is preferable. The filter material preferably comprises a mixture of clay mineral and metal powder, more preferably a mixture of vermiculite and iron powder. The Vermi- culit ((MgO, 5, Cao.5, Na _I K) o, 7 (Mg, Fe _I AI) 3 [(OH) 2 | (Si AI _I) 2Si20io] -4H ₂ 0) is generally preferred expanded vermiculite (expanded under heating). The first filter layer is preferably the first ever flowed through filter layer.

In a preferred embodiment, the vermiculite has a mean grain size of at least 0.7 mm, further and particularly preferably at least 0.8 mm or 0.9 mm, with possible upper limits (independently of this), for example, at most 1.3 mm, 1, 2 mm or 1, 1 mm can be (in this order increasingly preferred). The iron powder preferably has an average particle size of at least 100 .mu.m and / or at most 200 .mu.m, with further preferred lower limits being at least 110 .mu.m, 120 .mu.m, 130 .mu.m or 140 .mu.m and further preferred upper limits being at most 190 .mu.m, 180 .mu.m, 170 pm and 160 pm, respectively (increasingly preferred in the order in which they are mentioned); the upper and lower limit zen should always be disclosed independently. The "mean particle size" is averaged over the grains (particles) of the respective material, the largest extent being used as the basis for each grain In a preferred embodiment, the filter material of the first filter layer comprises a mixture of vermiculite and iron powder, preferably exclusively In the mixture, the vermiculite to the iron powder is preferably provided in a mass mixing ratio of at least 0.7: 1, more preferably, and more preferably at least 0.8: 1 or 0.9: 1 for example, at most 1, 3: 1, 1, 2: 1 and 1, 1: 1, respectively (increasingly preferred in the order of designation), the provision of an upper limit in turn generally being independent of a lower limit of interest , and vice versa, more preferably, the mass mixing ratio is 1: 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the filter material of the second filter layer activated carbon. This is preferably provided in particle form, with advantageous mean particle sizes, for example, at least 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm and (independently of) at most 0.7 mm or 0.6 mm can be (each j _n cj _er Order of naming increasingly preferred).

The invention also relates to an insert for insertion into a water outlet, in particular a rainwater outlet for discharging surface water from a fixed or sealed area, for example from roofs or terraces or also from a parking space or an industrial / yard area, preferably from a street. The water outlet is thus preferably a street outlet, colloquially referred to as "gully." The insert according to the invention has a water collecting container and a filter unit which, although preferred according to the present description, is provided with a nonwoven layer as a separating layer, but generally also formed otherwise can be. Such a filter unit, which is not in accordance with the main claim, could thus be configured in several layers with several filter layers of a respective filter material (cf., the above definitions), but the filter layers need not necessarily be provided with a nonwoven layer as a separating layer therebetween or even a separating layer. In general, the filter layers could thus, for example, also be loosely piled on one another or be separated from one another with a sieve; However, the filter layers may well have other of the above-disclosed for the filter layers per se features (filter materials, grain sizes, mass mixing ratios).

In any case, the insert according to the invention then has a filter unit (generally also without, preferably with nonwoven fabric layer (s) between the filter layers) and a water collecting container which, for example, is made of a plastic film or a hard plastic material or also of metal, for. As stainless steel, may be provided, preferably a plastic film. The filter unit is arranged relative thereto in such a way that trapped water flows through the filter unit in the water collecting container, specifically in a water collecting volume bounded by it. The insert then further comprises an overflow filter unit, over which, when the water collecting volume is full, for example, in heavy rain, excess water is passed to the water collecting container and thus also the filter unit. The flow rate through the filter unit is limited.

In contrast to a normal operation, in which the water passes through the water collecting container through the filter unit to a drain of the water outlet, it is passed in an overflow filter operation past the filter unit to the drain. The overflow filter unit according to the invention in this case has an overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer through which this excess water passes through the overflow filter unit. The excess water thus ideally flows into the drain sufficiently filtered. The inventors have found that even in heavy rainfall, where you initially expect a lower pollution due to the higher dilution and therefore also an unfiltered Abfüh- In any case, a considerable amount of pollutants (in groundwater, for example) can be produced because heavy rainfall, even after a long period of time, can flush impurities (albeit in relatively low concentrations) from the road into the water outlet, and so in total, due to the high amount of rainwater, nevertheless result in undesirably high amounts of pollutants.

With the overflow filter unit so on the one hand, a sufficient filtering effect can be ensured even under extreme conditions, without on the other hand, the catchment area of the water flow, ie the associated area to significantly reduce (which would be necessary if the heavy rainfall would have to be performed entirely by the filter unit).

In a preferred embodiment, the overflow filter unit is designed in the form of a circumferential sleeve. The water collecting container is generally preferably cup-shaped, so that a bottom and at least part of a circumferential side wall of the water collecting container together define its water collecting volume (the side wall may still exceed the water collecting volume, see below). The sleeve distal overflow filter unit then adjoins the bottom distally to the water collecting volume. The sleeve-shaped overflow filter unit and the water collecting container side wall preferably extend coaxially, wherein the common center axis can preferably also be an axis of symmetry at the same time (for rotational or rotational symmetry). In order to support the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer in the sleeve form, it is generally also possible, for example, to provide a grid, in particular a wire grid, which then, for example, can form a hollow cylindrical shape and be fastened to the water collecting container side wall at the open end of the water collecting container ; the grid would then preferably be lined radially inward with the overflow filter nonwoven layer. In a preferred embodiment, the side wall of the water collecting container extends beyond the water collecting volume and forms part of the overflow filter unit. The water collector side wall is in the range the overflow filter unit provided with a plurality of water passage openings and these are covered with the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer. Through a respective water passage opening, the water can escape radially, that is from radially inside to outside of the sleeve. The water passage openings may also be covered in each case with their own nonwoven fabric part, preferably, the nonwoven fabric layer is formed contiguous, particularly preferred is the water collecting container side wall in the area of the overflow filter unit completely encircling it.

The overflow filter nonwoven layer is preferably provided within the water catcher side wall, so it is an inner surface of the side wall lined with it. In general, the sleeve-shaped overflow filter unit is preferably designed to be comparatively short, that is, for example, a ratio of axial length (which is determined by the water passage openings) to inner diameter of at most 1: 1, further and more preferably at most 0.8: 1 or 0 , 6: 1; possible lower limits may be (at least independently of the upper limits), for example, at least 0.05: 1 or 0.1: 1. In general, the reference to "radial" and "axial" or to a "diameter" in the context of this disclosure does not necessarily imply a circular shape, but is, for example, to read the diameter of the mean of the smallest and largest extent, the In a preferred embodiment, the insert has a mounting unit for mounting on an inlet of the water outlet. In the assembled state, the mounting unit is located, for example, with a radially outwardly projecting, preferably completely circumferential collar at the inlet of the water outlet Preferably, the collar rests exclusively after mounting, so it will not be further screwed on or the like, Preferably, the water collecting container side wall extends over the Overflow filter unit out to the mounting unit and it is attached to the mounting unit, preferably together with the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer.

Preferably, an attachment is such that the Wasserauffangbehälter- side wall and preferably also the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer between a sleeve-shaped portion of the mounting unit and a clamping ring (mounting ring) are circumferentially clamped, wherein preferably the clamping ring disposed radially inside and the sleeve-shaped portion of the mounting unit radially outside thereof is. Regardless of the particular configuration, this attachment to the assembly is located distally of the water passageway (with respect to the bottom of the water collection container), and preferably the water receiver sidewall and overflow filter nonwoven layer are also secured to each other proximally of the water passageways; also there) pressed together. For this purpose, two rings may be provided, one of which is disposed radially inside the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer and the Wasserauffangbehäl- ter sidewall and the other radially outwardly therefrom; the two rings are seated in a nip in such a way that the overflow filter nonwoven layer and the water collector side wall are held together therebetween.

In a preferred embodiment, the overflow filter unit has at least two overflow filter nonwoven layers successively arranged with respect to the excess water flow (overflow filter flow). In the case of the preferably sleeve-shaped overflow filter unit, the at least two overflow filter nonwoven fabric layers could generally also be formed of a nonwoven web sheet material contiguous with respect to the direction of rotation, ie with at least two (continuous) windings, but preferably each of the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layers is self-contained ,

In a preferred embodiment, with respect to the overflow filter flow between the at least two overflow filter nonwoven fabric layers a filter material for specific interaction with an impurity provided. Reference is made to the above definitions of "filter material" and "specific interaction". For example, activated carbon and / or clay minerals, ion exchangers, metal oxide hydrates and / or metal hydroxides can be provided between the at least two overflow filter nonwoven fabric layers. In general, at least three overflow filter nonwoven fabric layers can be provided, between which then also a plurality of overflow filter filter layers can be arranged with a respective filter material. The overflow filter layers would then be separated from each other via a respective overflow filter nonwoven layer. However, the overflow filter unit preferably has exactly one overflow filter filter layer with filter material and, more preferably, it is arranged between exactly two overflow filter nonwoven fabric layers.

The invention also relates to an insert for insertion into a water drain (see above), which insert has a filter unit, a water collecting container and a filter bag. Regarding the filter unit, the above applies to the "use with overflow filter unit" said, so it is preferably provided with (a) nonwoven layer (s) separated filter layers, but this is generally not mandatory (see the comments on the "use with overflow filter unit " in detail).

In the "filter bag application", the filter unit is arranged in the filter bag and is arranged in the water collecting container together with the filter unit The filter bag has a filter bag nonwoven layer forming the bag shape and that of the water collected in the water collecting container With the filter bag in particular fine and coarse particles can be filtered out and can thus be prevented from premature clogging of the filter unit, which helps, for example, prolong maintenance intervals. "Sack" is to be read on a container that is at least flexible, the filter bag - Nonwoven fabric layer having side walls, preferably also an equally flexible floor of more preferably the same continuous material. The bottom of the filter bag can be placed on the bottom of the water collecting container. conditions, but preferably the filter bag is suspended therein suspended from the ground.

In a preferred embodiment, a fastening region of the filter bag, in which it is fastened in a relative position to the filter unit, is arranged above the filter unit. The filter unit is thus bordered over its entire height and beyond to the side of the filter bag. Thus, a filter bag nonwoven fabric layer with a comparatively large surface area can be realized, which can help to increase the service life (the particle load per unit area is reduced).

In a preferred embodiment, the filter bag is fastened with its attachment region at least indirectly to a spacer which is at least indirectly supported on a housing of the filter unit, which encloses the filter layers (see also the explanations at the beginning of the "filter unit sleeve") The spacer thus creates a distance between the fastening region of the filter bag and a top side of the filter unit opposite the bottom of the filter bag, whereby the spacer is supported at least indirectly on the housing, for example, it can also be directed onto a pipeline guided out of the housing at the top (see below in detail) be placed.

In general, the spacer may also rest loosely on the housing or the pipeline, preferably it is fastened thereto, in general also irreversibly, for example via a joint connection (eg welded or glued). Preferably, however, is a reversible attachment of the spacer, for example. Via a screw or a bayonet mechanism; in general terms, a positive, releasable connection is preferred. This may be advantageous insofar as, depending on the size of the water drain, in which the insert is placed, a spacer of adapted length can be provided, with which the space in the water drain is optimally utilized. The spacer is preferably made of a metal, in particular stainless steel, provided; it preferably extends rod-shaped. In a simple case, the filter bag, for example, be directly attached to the rod, be pressed about with a cable tie or preferably with a clamp.

In a preferred embodiment, a plate is provided above the filter unit, to which the filter bag is attached, preferably by being pressed against an outer periphery of the plate. The plate keeps the filter bag widened in relation to the lateral directions, for example substantially wrinkle-free, which can promote a uniform flow through the filter bag nonwoven layer. The plate itself is preferably waterproof, so then so from the top no water can pass to the filter bag nonwoven fabric layer to the filter unit. Preferably, the plate is made of metal, particularly preferably made of stainless steel. It may, for example, a clamp, such as for screwing or with a quick release, press the filter bag against the outer periphery of the plate. This is therefore preferably considered circular in sectional planes perpendicular to the vertical direction, although in general a deviating shape is also conceivable. The plate is preferably provided on a spacer described herein, so it is also supported accordingly indirectly on the housing of the filter unit (in general, the plate could, however, only be suspended relative to the filter unit). At its outer circumference, where the filter bag is attached, the plate preferably has an outer diameter which is at least 2/3 of an outer diameter of the housing of the filter unit, the latter preferably corresponds approximately; Possible upper limits can (independently of), for example, be at most 1, 5, 1, 25 or 1, 1 times the housing outer diameter. It may be preferred that the outer diameter of the plate is at least 1 cm and (independently) not more than 5 cm, 4 cm, 3 cm or 2 cm (increasingly preferred in this order) larger than the outer diameter of the housing of the filter unit , In a preferred embodiment, the filter bag has at least two filter bag nonwoven fabric layers, which are arranged successively, preferably exactly two filter bag nonwoven fabric layers. In general, a filter material for specific interaction with an impurity could also be provided between the filter bag nonwoven fabric layers, but preferably the filter bag nonwoven fabric layers directly adjoin one another.

In a preferred embodiment, a first filter bag nonwoven layer, which is first flowed through by the water on the way to the filter unit, is provided with a larger pore than a second filter bag nonwoven layer, which flows through after the first one. The second filter bag nonwoven layer is thus arranged within the first. In any event, the first filter bag nonwoven layer tends to filter out larger of the particles, whereas smaller particles still pass the first filter bag nonwoven layer, only to be filtered out in the second. The first filter bag nonwoven layer is thus not loaded with all fine and coarse particles, which can increase the service life.

The first filter bag nonwoven layer is preferably constructed like the nonwoven layer of the filter unit described at the beginning, it is expressly referred to the above disclosure (biologically difficult to break down fibers, needle felt, etc.). The second filter bag nonwoven fabric layer likewise preferably has biologically degradable fibers, particularly preferably PP fibers (polypropylene), for example to an acetic fraction of at least 80% by weight, 85% by weight and 90% by weight; Particularly preferably, the second filter bag nonwoven layer consists exclusively of the PP fibers and the silver fibers (see below). Preferably, the second filter bag nonwoven layer is a needle felt and / or has a basis weight of at least 150 g / m ² , 160 g / m ² , 170 g / m ² , 180 g / m ² or 190 g / m ² , with possible upper limits (independent of them), for example, at most 250 g / m ² , 240 g / m ² , 230 g / m ² , 220 g / m ² or 210 g / m ² are (in each case in the order of naming increasingly preferred), more preferably 200 g / m ² . The second filter bag nonwoven layer is preferably more needled than the first filter bag nonwoven layer and thus becomes denser and more finely porous. It has been discussed in the context of the overflow filter unit that it preferably has at least two (more preferably exactly two) overflow filter nonwoven fabric layers. A first one of the spill filter nonwoven fabric layers with respect to the spill filter flow is constructed analogously to the above disclosure for the first filter sack nonwoven fabric layer and / or a second overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer with respect to the spill filter flow is preferably analogous to the above disclosure for the constructed second filter bag nonwoven fabric layer. That for the "first filter bag nonwoven fabric layer" disclosed should therefore also be disclosed for the first overflow filter nonwoven layer and that disclosed for the "second filter bag nonwoven fabric layer" should also be disclosed for the second overflow filter nonwoven layer. Preferably, the insert has both the filter bag and the overflow filter unit (which is generally not necessarily the case) and more preferably the first filter bag nonwoven layer and the first overflow filter nonwoven layer are identical to each other and / or the second filter bag nonwoven layer and second overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer identical to each other (both is generally also not mandatory).

In a preferred embodiment, the filter bag nonwoven fabric layer (s) and / or the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer (s) are provided with silver fibers, preferably to a mass fraction of at least 2 wt% and (independently thereof) at most 10% by weight. With respect to further preferred upper and lower limits, reference is expressly made to the above disclosure concerning the nonwoven fabric layer of the filter unit, the same values are also preferred here; The same applies to the construction of the "silver fibers." The silver fibers prevent microbial contamination and thus help to maintain hydraulic permeability over a longer service life.

In a preferred embodiment, the filter unit in the water collecting container of the insert (with overflow filter unit or filter bag or both) is arranged such that the main flow direction is upward, so the filter unit is flowed through from bottom to top. In this case, there is an outlet, with which the filter unit is preferably connected by pressure fluid to a pipeline and through which the water of the filter unit downstream of the water collecting container passes, arranged above the filter layers. If temporarily no water has to be removed, some residual water nevertheless remains in the water collecting container, namely up to the height at which the outlet is arranged; the residual water level is above the filter layers, so they are kept wet, at least for a certain period of time (due to evaporation of the residual water level can of course decrease).

This may, for example, be advantageous insofar as the filter material stored in a watered state can be better protected; It can, for example, a crusting / contamination or clumping of the filter particles can be prevented. In addition, when the filter unit is empty, air can flow. This air can be very difficult to escape during refilling, because the non-woven layer (s) is still wet / and forms a kind of barrier due to the surface tension of the water (the air can only very slowly through the wet nonwoven fabric position over the smallest bubbles or dissolved escape in the water). This changes the hydraulic properties of the filter fillings. The flow is much slower and uneven for a long time (until the air has escaped again). On the other hand, with the throughflow from below, in particular larger particles of the filter unit can also sediment in the water collecting container, ie they are introduced into the filter unit to at least a small extent. With a (at least partially) downwardly directed flow through the filter bag particles from the filter bag nonwoven fabric layer can also be rinsed again and sedimented at the bottom of the water collecting container. Due to the preferably proportionally provided silver fibers, for example, in the filter unit, despite the wet storage, there is essentially no bacteria and algae stocking. Through the pipeline, the water is conducted from the filter unit to the outlet in the side wall of the water collecting container, preferably through the side wall of the filter bag. The assembly of the pipe opposite the filter bag and / or water collecting container is preferably carried out with a quick release, such as a bayonet lock. Preferably, the quick release on the pipe provided between the filter bag and the water collecting container, preferably such that when releasing the quick release a pipe part (with a quick-release part) remains on the water collecting container. This can, for example, also simplify the replacement of the filter bag, which is preferably replaced more frequently than the filter unit. The filter bag is preferably pressed against a nut, more preferably held between two nuts, the outer can be removed after releasing the quick release and the filter bag can be exchanged. In a preferred embodiment, the insert has a coarse filter basket through which the water flows before it enters the water collecting container. In this coarse filter basket so coarsest particles can be removed from the water to be filtered upstream, for example, even small branches or leaves. The coarse filter basket is preferably used in a mounting unit described above and is further preferably based on the collar from, on an upper side of the collar, which is opposite to the then resting on the inlet of the water outlet bottom. The coarse filter basket can be formed, for example, from a wire mesh. The invention also relates to a water drainage for discharging water, in particular rainwater, cf. also the above explanations. The water drain has an inlet and a drain, and a presently disclosed insert is used. Although generally horizontal use is also conceivable, vertical alignment is preferred. The height direction of the insert, which generally extends away from the bottom inner surface of the water collecting container and is preferably parallel to the center axis of the side wall of the water collecting container and / or the sleeve-shaped overflow filter unit, lies in the preferably vertical orientation parallel to the vertical direction. The lateral directions are generally perpendicular to the height direction and point away from the center axes just mentioned; they are also referred to as radial directions, the height direction then being the axial axis corresponds to In the preferred vertical mounting, the lateral directions lie in the horizontal.

With regard to further embodiments of the "water drainage", reference is expressly made to the above disclosure, which advantageously makes it possible to retrofit water drains that are previously used without being filtered.

The invention also relates to the use of a presently disclosed insert for insertion into a water drain; It should be expressly disclosed all features disclosed for use in this regard.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to the use of a filter unit and / or an insert and / or a just mentioned water drainage for filtering contaminated water, in particular for filtering contaminated water with verily dissolved, colloidally dissolved, suspended and / or emulsified pollutants and / or Filtering water contaminated with arsenic, heavy metals and / or organic pollutants and / or for filtering rainwater and / or melt water, which preferably drains from a roof, terrace, yard area, parking lot and / or street, and / or for filtering surface and / or groundwater and / or cached rainwater for service and / or drinking water treatment, in particular in connection with a pump and / or a domestic water supply system.

The filter unit can also be used in combination with a pump, such as a hand or electrically operated pump, for example. Be set as a separate part of the pump. The filter unit may, for example, be attached directly to a housing of the pump, but also on a frame only relative thereto; the filter unit is then in any case associated with an outlet of the pump or the outlet of a domestic water supply system and can thus be used for water treatment, especially in rural areas. In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment, wherein the individual features may be essential to the invention in other combinations and, as already mentioned, implicitly refer to all categories of the invention.

Figure 1 shows an insert according to the invention for a water outlet in one

Exploded view;

FIG. 2 shows the insert according to FIG. 1 in a longitudinal section;

FIG. 3 illustrates a connection detail of the insert according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Figure 1 shows an insert for insertion in a street drain (Gully). The insert initially has a filter unit 1 (see below in detail), a water collecting container 2 and a filter bag 3. The rainwater flowing into the roadway (not shown) collects in the water collecting container 2, which is made of a waterproof PVC-coated plastic fabric. In this case, the filter unit 1 is arranged in the water collecting container 2 in such a way that its inlet points downwards, that is to say faces a bottom 2a of the water collecting container 2. Accordingly, the filter unit 1 is flowed through from bottom to top, thus has a main flow direction 4 upwards. At an outlet 5 of the water collecting container 2, which is connected in terms of pressure fluid with the filter unit 1, therefore, only purified water exits when the water level in the water collecting container 2 has reached a corresponding height.

Before the water collected in the water collecting container 2 enters the filter unit 1, it flows through the filter bag 3, in which the filter unit 1 is arranged (in the assembled state, see FIG. 2). The filter bag 3 is formed by two filter bag nonwoven fabric layers successively arranged with respect to the filter bag flow (not shown in detail). Thus, particles are filtered out of the rainwater, wherein the first filter bag nonwoven fabric layer is provided with a large pore with respect to the filter bag, so Fine particles tend to happen and filter out primarily coarse particles. The fine particles are then filtered out at the correspondingly small-pored second filter bag nonwoven layer. The at least largely freed of coarse and fine particles by means of the filter bag 3 water then flows from bottom to top (in the main flow direction 4) through the filter unit 1. The filter unit 1 has seven filter layers 6a-g present, with different filter materials (not shown in detail) are provided for each specific effect with the different impurities of rainwater flushed in from the street. The rainwater can in addition to particulate pollutants of z. As brakes, clutches and tires in particular also fuel residues, as well as residues of brake fluids, hydraulic oils and antifreeze included. The said particulate pollutants may also be particularly critical insofar as the particles on the one hand have the smallest sizes and on the other hand may contain metals such as copper, zinc and lead.

Each of the filter layers 6a-g is radially enclosed by a sleeve section 7a-g. The sleeve sections 7a-g made of a hard plastic are provided with a plurality of axial bores, through which a respective threaded rod (not shown) is slid over the entire axial length of the filter unit 1. The sleeve sections 7a-g are screwed together with a plurality of threaded rods to each other and with a likewise sleeve-shaped bottom element 8 and a cover 9. To the cover 9 made of stainless steel, a pipe 10 is welded, through which the water passes the filter layers 6a-g downstream to the outlet 5.

The filter unit 1 also has a plurality of nonwoven fabric layers 11a-f which axially separate the filter layers 6a-g (with respect to the main throughflow direction 4), ie serve as separating layers between the filter layers 6a-g. The nonwoven fabric layers 11a-f thus prevent thorough mixing of the individual filter materials. The filter unit 1 furthermore has a nonwoven fabric layer 12 on the inlet side and another nonwoven fabric Fabric layer 13 on the outlet side, so there are all filter layers 6a-g axially enclosed on both sides. In the just described assembly of the filter unit 1 by means of the threaded rods, the nonwoven fabric layers 11 are af, 12, 13 clamped with. It is thus, for example, the nonwoven fabric layer 1a, which separates the filter layers 6a, b from each other, clamped between the sleeve sections 7a, b, and so on.

So far, a normal operation has been described, in which the water passes (from above) into the water collecting container 2 and then through the filter bag 3 to the filter unit 1, which is then flowed through from bottom to top. However, the hydraulic permeability of the filter unit 1 is limited, and it may, for example. During heavy rain, the water in the collecting container 2 collect faster than it can be dissipated through the filter unit 1 and the outlet 5. For this case, water passage openings 14 are provided in the side wall 2 b. The side wall 2b is thus subdivided into a lower section 2ba which, together with the floor 2, delimits the water collecting volume. A middle portion 2bb of the side wall 2b is then part of an overflow filter unit, in an upper portion 2bc the water catcher 2 is attached (see below in detail).

If the water collecting volume in the water collecting container 2 is completely filled, excess water emerges through the through openings 14. So that this excess water does not flow off completely unfiltered, the water passage openings 14 are lined on the inside with an overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer 15. The overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer 15 is shown in the exploded view above the filter unit 1, in the assembled state, it is arranged in the central portion 2bb of the side wall 2b. Accordingly, the excess water flows through the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer 15 before exiting.

In the figure, for the sake of clarity, it is not shown that the overflow filter unit has two nonwoven fabric layers successively arranged with respect to the overflow filter flow, ie within the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer 15, then another overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer coaxial therewith is arranged. Preferably, a filter material for specific interaction with a contamination of the water is arranged between the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layers, also not shown in detail. In Figure 1 above the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer 15, a mounting unit 16 can be seen, which is divided into a sleeve-shaped portion 16a and a collar 16b. With the latter, the entire application is then on a shoulder at the inlet of the road. At the sleeve-shaped portion 16a becomes the water collecting container 2 and also the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer 15 is attached (also the second overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer not shown). For this purpose, the water collecting container 2 is inserted with the upper portion 2bc of its side wall 2b in the sleeve-shaped portion 16a and also the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer 15 is inserted. Then, a mounting ring 17 is inserted which presses the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer 15 and the side wall 2b (a part of the upper portion 2bc thereof) against the sleeve-shaped portion 16a of the mounting unit 16 from the inside. Thus, the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer 15 is fixed to the side wall 2b distal to the water passage openings 14 with respect to the bottom 2a. Also proximally of the water passage openings 14, the side wall 2b and the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer 15 are secured together by means of two coaxially spaced mounting rings 18, 19 (the mounting rings 18, 19 are shown below the overflow filter nonwoven layer 15 in the exploded view). The two mounting rings 18, 19 have a slightly different diameter, specifically, the outer diameter of the mounting ring 19 is smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting ring 18. In the assembled state, the side wall 2 b and the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layers are compressed between the mounting rings 18, 19 and so held. Above the mounting unit 16, a Grobfiiterkorb 20 can be seen from a wire mesh in Figure 1 further. This is inserted into the mounting unit 16 and then supported on the collar 16b, see. also the section according to FIG 2. The coarse filter basket 20 flows through the water before the other use, and it will be coarsest impurities, such. As well as small branches or leaves, filtered out. In the following, reference is made increasingly to Figure 2, which shows the insert in the assembled state, in a center axis-containing section. In general, the same reference numerals designate the same parts and will always be referred to the description of the respective other figure accordingly.

In the assembled state, the filter unit 1 is arranged in the filter bag 3. In this case, the filter bag 3 is mounted on a plate 21, namely with a (not shown) clamping ring pressed against an outer periphery of the plate 21. The plate in turn is attached to a spacer 22 and is accordingly axially spaced from the lid 9 of the filter unit 1. Accordingly, the filter bag 3 is held over a large area on the plate 21 and he sums the filter unit 1 over its entire axial length. The filter bag nonwoven fabric layers can be flowed through over a large area, which can help extend the service life.

The spacer 22 is presently formed by an axial lengthening of a pipe part, which is also part of the pipe 10. The cover 9, the pipe parts of the pipe 10 and the plate 21 are provided in stainless steel and welded together. A penetration 23, through which the water from the pipeline 10 finally passes through the filter bag sidewall 3b and the water collecting container sidewall 2b and forms the outlet 5, is provided as a quick coupling with a bayonet mechanism, so it can be loosened and replaced comparatively easily (The penetration 23 is shown only schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2 and will be explained in detail with reference to FIG. 3). This is advantageous insofar as such a replacement of the filter bag 3 is simplified. The filter bag 3 is usually a shorter service life than have the filter unit 1 and accordingly be replaced in the meantime.

As described above, the water collecting container 2, including the overflow filter unit, is suspended in the water outlet via the assembly unit 16. The filter unit 1 with the filter bag 3 provided thereon by means of spacers 22 and plate 21 is suspended separately, by means of flat iron 24 welded to the tubular part forming the spacer 22 at the top, cf. Also, the illustration of Figure 1 (where the flat bars 24 are not yet welded, but already arranged above the pipe part). Circumferentially a plurality of flat iron 24 are provided, which pass after a respective portion 24a axial extent each in a radially outwardly bent portion 24b. These sections 24b are then in the assembled insert on the collar 16b of the mounting unit, and then the coarse filter basket 20 is set.

In general, all nonwoven fabric layers, ie both the filter unit 1 and those of the overflow filter unit or the filter bag 3, are provided with silver fibers, in each case to a mass fraction of approximately 5% by weight. This helps to prevent germination and thus preserve hydraulic permeability.

The first filter layer 6a has as a filter material a mixture of vermiculite (in general, other clay minerals are possible) and iron powder (in general, other electronegative metals are possible), wherein the mass mixing ratio is around 1: 1. The vermiculite has a mean grain size of about 1 mm and the iron powder of about 150 μιη. The second filter layer 6b has activated carbon as a filter material, with a mean grain size of about 0.5 mm. The other filter layers 6c-g can then contain other filter materials or else those mentioned in a different composition or with a different grain size, see also the possibilities mentioned in the introduction to the description. FIG. 3 illustrates in more detail the design shown hitherto simplified and summarized as a penetration 23, ie shows how the water discharged downstream of the filter unit 1 reaches the outside of the filter bag 3 and the water catchment container 2 through the pipeline 10. Only a detailed view is shown here, of the filter unit 1 namely only the cover 9 and of water collecting container 2 and filter bag 3 only a part of the respective side wall 2b, 3b. The plate 21, on which the filter bag 3 is attached, is also not shown. For the installation of the penetration 23 on the filter bag 3 (not shown) is formed on a pipe 10 forming pipe part made of stainless steel external thread. On this external thread a first nut 30a is screwed (the nut 30a could also be welded). On said pipe part of the filter bag 3 is then mounted such that the tube part passes through a hole in the filter bag 3. With a second, then screwed onto the external thread nut 30b of the filter bag is then clamped. Preferably, in each case a sealing ring is arranged between the respective nut 30a, b and the side wall 3b of the filter bag 3 (not shown for the sake of clarity in the present case). Also, the side wall 2 b of the water collecting container 2 is clamped between two nuts 31 a, b (together with two sealing rings, not shown). The two nuts 31a, b are screwed onto a pipe part 32 with external thread.

In practice, the filter bag 3 will have to be replaced more often than the filter unit 1. In order for such replacement of the filter bag 3 can be made time-saving, the pipe part 32 on the pipe part made of stainless steel, where the filter bag 3 with the nuts 30 a, b attached is connected via a quick release 33. This is designed as a bayonet connection (not shown in detail) and can be solved accordingly quickly and reassembled. When replacing the filter bag 3 then the quick release can be solved and with the nuts 3 a, b attached to the side wall 2 b of the water collecting container 2 tube part remain on the water collecting container 2. The nut 30b has an inner diameter which is larger than an outer diameter of the closure 33 remaining part. Accordingly, the nut 30b can be removed and the filter bag 3 exchanged; then the nut 30b is screwed on again; Thereafter, the water collecting container 2 is brought back into position, ie the pipe part 32 is connected via the quick-acting closure 33.

Claims

claims

Filter unit (1) for filtering water with impurities,

which is designed to be flowed through by the water,

the filter unit (1) having a plurality of filter layers (6a-g) arranged successively in relation to the throughflow, in each of which a filter material for specific interaction with one of the impurities of the water is provided,

and wherein between at least a first (6a) and a second (6b) of the filter layers (6a-g), which first (6a) and second filter layer (6b) are next to the flow adjacent, a nonwoven fabric layer (11a) as a separating layer to Separation of the filter material of the first filter layer (6a) of the filter material of the second filter layer (6b) is provided.

Filter unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the nonwoven fabric layer (11a) has silver fibers, preferably to a mass fraction of at least 2 wt .-% and at most 10 wt .-%.

Filter unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first filter layer (6a) of the second filter layer (6b) is upstream in relation to the flow and has as filter material at least one of a clay mineral and a metal powder, preferably a mixture thereof.

A filter unit (1) according to claim 3, wherein the clay mineral is vermiculite and / or the metal powder is iron powder, preferably the vermiculite has a mean grain size of at least 0.7 mm and at most 1.3 mm and / or the iron powder has a mean grain size of at least 100 pm and at most 200 pm.

5. Filter unit (1) according to claim 4, wherein in the first filter layer (6a) the vermiculite is provided to the iron powder in a mass mixing ratio of at least 0.7: 1 and at most 1, 3: 1.

6. Filter unit (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second filter layer (6b) of the first filter layer (6a) is downstream with respect to the flow and as a filter material activated carbon, which preferably has a mean grain size of at least 0.3 mm and at most 0.7 mm.

7. Use for insertion into a water drain for removing water, which use

a filter unit (1) according to one of the preceding claims and a water collecting container (2),

wherein the filter unit (1) is arranged relative to the water collecting container (2) such that water trapped in a water collecting volume of the water collecting container (2) flows through the filter unit (1), and the insert further comprises an overflow filter unit via which, when the water collecting volume has run over with water, excess water is guided past the water collecting volume and thus also the filter unit (1),

which overflow filter unit has an overflow filter nonwoven layer (15) through which the excess water passes through the overflow filter unit.

8. Use according to claim 7, wherein a bottom (2a) and a circumferential side wall (2b), at least one adjoining the bottom part (2ba) thereof, the water collecting container (2) limit its water collecting volume and the overflow filter unit in the form of a circumferential sleeve is formed, the distal of the bottom (2a) connects to the water collecting volume.

9. An insert according to claim 8, wherein the side wall (2b) of the water collecting container (2) extends beyond the water collecting volume and forms a part (2bb) of the sleeve-shaped overflow filter unit, thereby providing a portion of the sleeve-shaped overflow filter unit with a plurality of water passage openings (14) is, which are covered with the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer (15).

10. Use according to claim 9, in which the side wall (2b) of the water collecting container (2) extends beyond the region of the overflow filter unit to an assembly unit (16, 17) which can be mounted on an inlet of the water outlet in such a way that the water entering the water drain enters the water collecting container, the side wall (2b) of the water collecting container (2) being fastened to the mounting unit (16, 17), preferably together with the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer (15).

11. Use according to one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the overflow filter unit at least two in relation to an overflow filter flow with the excess water successively arranged overflow filter non-woven fabric layers (15).

12. Use according to claim 11, wherein with respect to the overflow filter flow between the at least two overflow filter nonwoven fabric layers (15) a filter material for specific interaction with contamination of the excess water is provided.

13. Use for insertion into a water drainage for discharging water, soft use

a filter unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6,

a water collecting container (2) and

a filter bag (3), wherein the filter unit (1) in the filter bag (3) and the filter bag (3) in the water collecting container (2) is arranged,

and wherein the filter bag (3) has a filter bag non-woven layer which forms the bag shape and is traversed by water collected in the water collecting volume to the filter unit (1).

Insert according to claim 13, in which a fastening region of the filter bag (3) in which the filter bag (3) is fastened relative to the filter unit (1) extends away from a bottom (3a) of the filter bag (3) above the filter unit (1). is arranged so that the filter unit (1) is bordered over its entire height of the filter bag (3).

Insert according to claim 14, in which the filter bag (3) with its fastening region is fastened at least indirectly to a spacer (22) which extends at least indirectly to a housing (7a-g, 9) enclosing the filter layers (6a-g). the filter unit (1) is supported and extends upward from the filter unit (1) away.

16. An insert according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the filter bag (3) with its mounting portion on a above the filter unit (1) arranged plate (21) and held by the plate (21) so widened in relation to the lateral directions ,

An insert according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the filter bag (3) comprises at least two filter bag nonwoven layers successively disposed with respect to the filter bag flow.

The insert of claim 17, wherein a first one of the filter bag nonwoven fabric layers, which is upstream of a second one of the filter bag nonwoven fabric layers with respect to the filter bag flow, is larger pore compared to the second filter bag nonwoven fabric layer.

19. Use according to any one of claims 7 to 18, wherein in the case of claims 7 to 12, the overflow filter nonwoven fabric layer and in the case of claims 13 to 18, the filter bag nonwoven layer silver fibers, preferably to a mass fraction of at least 2 wt. -% and at most 10 wt .-%.

20. Use according to one of claims 7 to 19, wherein the filter unit (1) in the water collecting container (2) is arranged and oriented such that a main through-flow direction (4), in which the water flows through the filter unit (1), from a bottom (2a) of the water collecting container (2) pointing upwards, and wherein an outlet (5) which is pressure fluidly connected to the filter unit (1) and through which the water of the filter unit (1) downstream of the water collecting container (2 ), above the filter layers (6-g) of the filter unit (1) is arranged.

21. Use according to one of claims 7 to 20 with a coarse filter basket (20) which is arranged such that it flows through the water before it enters the water collecting container (2).

22 water drainage for discharging water, especially rainwater, with an inlet and a drain, in which water drain an insert is used according to one of claims 7 to 21.

23. Use of an insert according to one of claims 7 to 21 for insertion into a water drain for removing water.

24. Use of a filter unit (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, an insert according to one of claims 7 to 21 or a water drainage according to claim 22 for filtering contaminated water, in particular for filtering with really dissolved, colloidally dissolved, suspended and / or emulsified pollutants contaminated water and / or for filtering water contaminated with arsenic, heavy metals and / or organic pollutants and / or

for filtering rainwater and / or melt water, which preferably flows from a roof, a terrace, a yard area, a parking lot and / or a street, and / or

for filtering surface and / or groundwater and / or cached rainwater for service and / or drinking water treatment, in particular in connection with a pump and / or a domestic water supply system.