WO2017156836A1 - 用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法 - Google Patents

用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017156836A1
WO2017156836A1 PCT/CN2016/080846 CN2016080846W WO2017156836A1 WO 2017156836 A1 WO2017156836 A1 WO 2017156836A1 CN 2016080846 W CN2016080846 W CN 2016080846W WO 2017156836 A1 WO2017156836 A1 WO 2017156836A1
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Prior art keywords
transmission line
sensing device
data
line state
communication terminal
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PCT/CN2016/080846
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韦磊
陆忞
邵明驰
徐威
李秋生
郭闯
陈殿欣
严东
蒋陵
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State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Nanjing Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Nanjing Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Priority to US15/323,114 priority Critical patent/US10652136B2/en
Publication of WO2017156836A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017156836A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
    • H04L45/122—Shortest path evaluation by minimising distances, e.g. by selecting a route with minimum of number of hops
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/22—Alternate routing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/28—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
    • H04L47/62—Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria
    • H04L47/625—Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria for service slots or service orders
    • H04L47/6275—Queue scheduling characterised by scheduling criteria for service slots or service orders based on priority
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
    • H04W40/10—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on available power or energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-mode communication method for condition monitoring of transmission lines, and belongs to the technical field of electrical communication for digital information transmission.
  • the transmission line is an important part of the power system and is the artery of the power system.
  • the long-distance transmission line is basically exposed, and it is easily affected by climate, geology and human factors. Every year, pollution flash, lightning strike, ice coating, dancing and other disasters are given.
  • the power grid has caused huge losses, and its operating status directly determines the safety and efficiency of the power system. Therefore, the state monitoring of the transmission line is of great significance for the realization of intelligent power transmission.
  • short-range wireless communication technology is an important supporting technology for transmission line condition monitoring, and ZigBee technology and Bluetooth 4.0 technology have been rapidly developed in recent years, which has positively promoted the state monitoring work.
  • ZigBee technology is a new generation of wireless communication technology developed by IEEE. This technology is mainly proposed for low-rate sensor networks. It can meet the wireless networking requirements of miniaturized and low-cost devices, and has advantages such as low power consumption, low cost, large capacity, short delay, self-organization ability, and data security. It has been widely used in many industries such as medical monitoring, security alarm, wireless ordering, water monitoring, oil field measurement and control, and power measurement and control.
  • Bluetooth 4.0 Traditional Bluetooth technology is limited by the transmission distance, power consumption and other factors, and the emergence of Bluetooth 4.0 has changed the status quo. Bluetooth 4.0's extremely low running and standby power consumption can make a button battery work for several years. In addition, low-cost and cross-vendor interoperability, adaptive frequency hopping, 1Mbps data transmission rate, 3ms low latency, over 100m long distance, AES-128 encryption, etc., can be used for pedometers, heart rate Monitors, smart meters, the Internet of Things and many other fields have greatly expanded the range of applications of Bluetooth technology.
  • ZigBee technology also has certain limitations, such as limited application due to low data transmission rate, while the use of direct sequence spread spectrum technology is beneficial to reduce losses, but the ability to resist interference is insufficient, in addition to 2.4GHz
  • the frequency band provides fewer working channels, which is easy to cause interference and conflict between nodes.
  • Bluetooth 4.0 technology also has its own limitations. Compared with ZigBee technology, the topology support type is small, the networking mode is single, and the network is not supported. Networking, network robustness is not strong, and the network can accommodate a small number of nodes.
  • the energy consumption from wireless communication mainly consists of two parts, one is the power consumption of the node itself, which can be solved by using low-power nodes; the other part, which is also the most energy-consuming part, is the energy consumption when the node sends and receives data.
  • the clustering method is used to ensure the energy balance consumption of each node, and prevent the node from running out due to excessive data forwarding, but the idea of clustering In the scene of transmission line condition monitoring, it is not suitable.
  • the main performances are as follows: 1) The number of monitoring nodes between the towers is limited, and it is distributed in a strip shape, and the clustering is not meaningful; 2) clustering is to monitor the same object. More nodes are divided into one cluster, and fewer nodes are monitored on the same transmission line for the same object, and the distribution is generally scattered, which is not suitable for clustering.
  • the transmission line strip monitoring scenario determines that the farther away from the sink node, the fewer the number of nodes to forward, and the less energy is consumed. The closer the node is, the more energy is consumed due to too much forwarding, and finally stops due to energy exhaustion. jobs.
  • a forwarding node selection mechanism suitable for condition monitoring of transmission lines is proposed, which has important significance for balancing the energy consumption of nodes and prolonging the service life of the whole network.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-mode communication method for transmission line state monitoring that can balance the energy consumption of nodes of a communication network and thereby prolong the service life of the entire network, in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the technical solution proposed by the present invention to solve the above technical problem is: a multi-mode communication method for condition monitoring of a transmission line, wherein the transmission line is provided with a sensing device for detecting the state of the transmission line, and the transmission device monitored by the sensing device After the line state signal is summarized to the communication terminal, it is sent to the remote monitoring center through the communication terminal, and the sensing device and the communication terminal are both powered by the battery;
  • the sensing device and the communication terminal form a primary communication network through a ZigBee networking, and the sensing device and the communication terminal further form a standby communication network through a Bluetooth networking; the communication terminal and the remote monitoring center are linked by WinMAX;
  • any sensing device sends a transmission line status signal to the communication terminal, first monitor the remaining battery capacity of the three neighbor sensing devices of the sensing device and the number of hops of the three neighbor sensing devices from the communication terminal, according to the following rules: Select the forwarding device:
  • the neighbor sensing device having the smallest number of hops from the communication terminal is selected as the forwarding device;
  • the neighbor sensing device with the smallest ratio of the hop number value/remaining battery capacity is selected as the forwarding device, and the ratio is the same when the ratio is the same.
  • a neighbor sensing device with a large remaining energy consumption is used as a forwarding device;
  • the communication network between the sensing device of the transmission line state signal and the corresponding forwarding device is selected according to the following: if the data volume and signal interference degree of the transmission line state signal to be transmitted are lower than a predetermined threshold, and are to be sent The safety level of the transmission line state signal is higher than a preset value, and the communication network between the sensing device of the transmission line state signal and the corresponding forwarding device selects the main communication network, otherwise the standby communication network is selected;
  • the forwarding device is used as a sensing device to transmit a transmission line status signal, and so on until the transmission line status signal is transmitted to the communication terminal.
  • the standby communication network in the present invention preferably adopts a Bluetooth 4.0 protocol networking; the communication terminal transmits the summarized transmission line state signals to the remote monitoring center in a multi-hop communication manner.
  • the beneficial effects brought by the invention are as follows: 1) The ZigBee technology and the Bluetooth technology of the invention are used for transmitting transmission line state signals, and the ZigBee technology and the Bluetooth 4.0 technology can be fused according to the transmission data size and data security requirements, and the invention is automatically selected.
  • the present invention is based on a multi-parameter-based forwarding device selection mechanism, taking into account the energy consumption factor limitation of the transmission line state monitoring device and the particularity of the transmission line state monitoring, and proposes a multi-parameter-based forwarding device selection mechanism suitable for transmission line state monitoring. Ensure that each sensing device achieves reasonable energy consumption, prevents the sensing device from consuming too much data due to excessive forwarding of data, and finally stops working due to exhausted energy, thereby balancing the energy consumption of the nodes of the communication network and prolonging the service life of the entire network. .
  • the present invention proposes A method for solving a data transmission conflict after a transmission path is established, that is, when the sensing device sends transmission line state signal data to a communication terminal, the transmission is performed according to a priority of the transmission line state signal data, wherein the transmission line state signal
  • the data is divided into fault state monitoring data, abnormal state monitoring data and normal state monitoring data according to the priority from high to low.
  • the transmitted transmission line state signal data belongs to the same priority
  • at least the following two methods may be used to transmit data: 1) transmission according to the priority of the monitoring object to be forwarded, wherein the monitoring object has a preset priority Level 2; 2) According to the method of halving time slots, all kinds of said transmission line state signal data are transmitted in time sharing.
  • the forwarding device also the sensing device
  • the forwarding device when the forwarding device (also the sensing device) is forwarding the data sent by the neighboring sensing device, if the forwarding device needs to transmit the transmission line state signal data monitored by itself, after the forwarding device waits for the transmission of the transmitted frame data, The transmission line state signal data of the self-monitoring is started to be transmitted. At this time, the neighbor sensing device waits for the forwarding device to transmit the data of the transmission line state signal monitored by itself, and then continues to transmit the data that has not been forwarded, or reselects the forwarding device for transmission without forwarding. Finished data.
  • the forwarding device can simultaneously transmit the self-monitored transmission line state signal data and the data sent by the neighbor sensing device.
  • the sensing device When the sensing device is transmitting the transmission line state signal data of the self-monitoring device and receiving the forwarding request of the neighbor sensing device (ie, as the forwarding device), the sensing device transmits the transmission line state signal data of the self-monitoring device and then forwards the neighboring sensing device. data.
  • the sensing device has sufficient remaining bandwidth to meet the requirements of its own transmission, the remaining bandwidth can be used to transmit the data forwarded by the neighbor sensing device.
  • the invention is based on a data priority transmission conflict resolution method.
  • a data priority resolution method for solving data transmission conflicts is proposed, which can effectively solve the data transmission conflict problem. Ensure reliable transmission of all types of data and improve transmission quality.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a data transmission conflict in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the sensing device for detecting the state of the transmission line is provided on the transmission line.
  • the status signal of the transmission line monitored by the sensing device is sent to the communication terminal and sent to the remote monitoring center through the communication terminal. Both the sensing device and the communication terminal are powered by the battery.
  • the sensing device comprises a processor module, a Bluetooth 4.0 module, a ZigBee module and a sensor module, and a power supply module.
  • the sensor module is responsible for sensing status information of the transmission line (including temperature, wind, tension, insulation pollution, etc.) and is used to generate a transmission line status signal.
  • Communication The terminal includes an antenna module, a ZigBee module, a Bluetooth 4.0 module, a WinMax module, a processor module, and a power supply module.
  • the ZigBee module and the Bluetooth 4.0 module are used to meet the communication hardware requirements between the communication terminal and the sensing device.
  • the WinMax module is responsible for transmitting the status information data of the transmission line from the communication terminal to the remote monitoring center in multiple
  • the power supply module is jointly powered by the battery + solar battery, and is generally installed on the transmission tower.
  • the sensing device is mounted on both sides of the transmission tower.
  • the sensing device and the communication terminal form a main communication network through the ZigBee networking, and the sensing device and the communication terminal are further
  • the standby communication network is formed through the Bluetooth network; the communication terminal and the remote monitoring center are linked by WinMAX.
  • any sensing device sends a transmission line status signal to the communication terminal, firstly, the remaining battery capacity of the three neighbor sensing devices of the sensing device and the number of hops of the three neighbor sensing devices from the communication terminal are monitored, and are selected according to the following rules: Forwarding device:
  • the neighbor sensing device having the smallest number of hops from the communication terminal is selected as the forwarding device;
  • the neighbor sensing device with the smallest ratio of the hop number value/remaining battery capacity is selected as the forwarding device, and the ratio is the same when the ratio is the same.
  • a neighbor sensing device with a large remaining energy consumption is used as a forwarding device.
  • the communication network between the sensing device of the transmission line state signal and the corresponding forwarding device is selected according to the following: if the data volume and signal interference degree of the transmission line state signal to be transmitted are lower than a predetermined threshold, and are to be sent The safety level of the transmission line state signal is higher than the preset value, and the communication network between the sensing device of the transmission line state signal and the corresponding forwarding device selects the primary communication network, otherwise the standby communication network is selected.
  • the appropriate communication technology is selected for data transmission, and the ZigBee technology is used for communication when the amount of data is small, the interference is not large, and the security level is high, and the communication is performed when the amount of data is large and the interference is large, so that the entire network is
  • the communication method may be one type between ZigBee and Bluetooth, or a mixture of the two in different segments (ZigBee transmission technology is used from point A to point B, and Bluetooth transmission technology is used from point B to point C).
  • the forwarding device as a sensing device for transmitting the status signal of the transmission line, and so on until the power line
  • the road status signal is transmitted to the communication terminal.
  • the transmission path is established by the above manner, so that the energy of each device can be reasonably consumed, and the phenomenon of returning does not occur, and the device on the shortest path is prevented from being energy-consuming due to excessive forwarding times. Do not affect the monitoring of the sensing device. If, during the transmission, the forwarding device is suddenly unavailable for various reasons, the previous hop device of the forwarding device re-finds the forwarding device for forwarding data according to the same procedure as described above.
  • the data transmission conflict resolution method after the transmission path is established that is, as shown in FIG. 2, when the sensing device sends the transmission line state signal data to the communication terminal, the transmission is performed according to the priority of the transmission line state signal data, wherein the transmission is performed.
  • the line status signal data is classified into fault condition monitoring data, abnormal state monitoring data, and normal state monitoring data according to the priority from high to low.
  • the transmitted transmission line state signal data belongs to the same priority
  • at least the following two methods may be used to transmit data: 1) transmission according to the priority of the monitoring object to be forwarded, wherein the monitoring object has a preset priority Level 2; 2) According to the method of halving time slots, all kinds of said transmission line state signal data are transmitted in time sharing.
  • the forwarding device also the sensing device
  • the forwarding device when the forwarding device (also the sensing device) is forwarding the data sent by the neighboring sensing device, if the forwarding device needs to transmit the transmission line state signal data monitored by itself, after the forwarding device waits for the transmission of the transmitted frame data, The transmission line state signal data of the self-monitoring is started to be transmitted. At this time, the neighbor sensing device waits for the forwarding device to transmit the data of the transmission line state signal monitored by itself, and then continues to transmit the data that has not been forwarded, or reselects the forwarding device for transmission without forwarding. Finished data.
  • the forwarding device can simultaneously transmit the self-monitored transmission line state signal data and the data sent by the neighbor sensing device.
  • the sensing device When the sensing device is transmitting the transmission line state signal data of the self-monitoring device and receiving the forwarding request of the neighbor sensing device (ie, as the forwarding device), the sensing device transmits the transmission line state signal data of the self-monitoring device and then forwards the neighboring sensing device. data.
  • the sensing device has sufficient remaining bandwidth to meet the requirements of its own transmission, the remaining bandwidth can be used to transmit the data forwarded by the neighbor sensing device.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，属于电力通信技术领域。该方法中所述输电线路上设有用于检测输电线路状态的感知装置，所述感知装置监测的输电线路状态信号汇总至通信终端后通过所述通信终端发送到远程监控中心，所述感知装置和通信终端均通过电池供电；所述感知装置和通信终端之间通过ZigBee组网形成主通信网络，同时所述感知装置和通信终端之间还通过蓝牙组网形成备用通信网络；所述通信终端和远程监控中心通过WinMAX链接。该方法可以充分利用两种短距离无线通信技术的优点，打破单一技术的局限性，提高数据传输效率，保证感知装置能源合理消耗，提升输电线路状态监测水平。

Description

用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，属于数字信息传输的电通信技术领域。
背景技术
输电线路是电力系统的重要组成部分，是电力系统的动脉，然而远距离输电线路基本上暴露在外，容易受到气候、地质、人为因素的影响，每年污闪、雷击、覆冰、舞动等灾害给电网造成了巨大的损失，其运行状态直接决定电力系统的安全和效益，所以对输电线路进行状态监测工作对于智能输电的实现意义重大。
目前，短距离无线通信技术是输电线路状态监测的重要支撑技术，而其中ZigBee技术和蓝牙4.0技术近几年得到了快速发展，对状态监测工作有着积极促进作用。
ZigBee技术是IEEE研发的新一代无线通讯技术。该技术主要针对低速率传感器网络而提出，它能够满足小型化、低成本设备的无线联网要求，而且由于功耗低、成本低、容量大、时延短、自组织能力强、数据安全等优势在医疗监护、安防报警、无线点餐、水利监测、油田测控、电力测控等多个行业得到了广泛应用。
传统蓝牙技术受传输距离、功耗等因素的影响应用范围有限，而蓝牙4.0的出现改变了这一现状，蓝牙4.0极低的运行和待机功耗可以使一粒纽扣电池连续工作数年之久，另外，低成本和跨厂商互操作性，自适应跳频、1Mbps数据传输速率、3毫秒低延迟、100米以上超长距离、AES-128加密等诸多特色，可以用于计步器、心律监视器、智能仪表、物联网等众多领域，大大扩展蓝牙技术的应用范围。
据申请人了解：1)ZigBee技术也存在一定的局限性，比如由于数据传输速率低导致应用场合有限，而采用直接序列扩频技术虽然有利于降低损耗，但对抗干扰能力不足，另外在2.4GHz频段提供工作信道较少，容易造成节点之间的干扰和冲突；2)蓝牙4.0技术也存在着自身的局限性，和ZigBee技术相比，拓扑结构支持类型少，组网方式单一，不支持网状组网，网络鲁棒性不强，网络可容纳节点数量少。
另外，制约短距离无线通信技术的主要因素之一是能耗问题。研究表明，短距 离无线通信的能耗主要包括两部分，一部分是节点自身的功耗，可以通过采用低功耗节点来解决；另一部分，也是占能耗最大的部分是节点发送和接收数据时的耗能。
基于此背景国内外也提出了很多能耗均衡的路由协议，通过分簇的方法来保证各节点的能量均衡消耗，防止节点因转发数据过多而能量耗尽进而停止工作，但分簇的思想在输电线路状态监测的场景下不太适应，主要表现在：1)杆塔之间的监测节点数量有限，而且呈带状分布，分簇意义不大；2)分簇是把对同一对象监测的较多节点划分为一个簇，而在同一输电线路上对同一对象监测的节点较少，而且一般分布较散，不适合分簇。输电线路带状监测场景决定了离汇聚节点越远的节点转发次数越少，进而消耗的能量越少，离得越近的节点因转发过多而消耗能量越多，最终因能量耗尽而停止工作。
同时，数据转发过程中容易收到多个转发请求从而出现转发冲突的现象，不能保证数据传输质量，数据传输速率不高。
因此，提出一种适应于输电线路状态监测的转发节点选择机制，对平衡节点能量消耗，延长整个网络的使用寿命有着重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术不足，提出一种可以平衡通信网络的节点能量消耗从而可延长整个网络的使用寿命的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题提出的技术方案是：一种用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，所述输电线路上设有用于检测输电线路状态的感知装置，所述感知装置监测的输电线路状态信号汇总至通信终端后通过所述通信终端发送到远程监控中心，所述感知装置和通信终端均通过电池供电；其特征在于：
所述感知装置和通信终端之间通过ZigBee组网形成主通信网络，同时所述感知装置和通信终端之间还通过蓝牙组网形成备用通信网络；所述通信终端和远程监控中心通过WinMAX链接；
任一感知装置向所述通信终端发送输电线路状态信号时，首先监测该感知装置的三个邻居感知装置的电池剩余容量以及上述三个邻居感知装置距离通信终端的跳数数量值，按照以下规则选择转发装置：
1)如果邻居感知装置距离通信终端的跳数数量值相同时，选择电池剩余容量大的邻居感知装置作为转发装置；
2)如果邻居感知装置的电池剩余容量相同时，选择距离通信终端的跳数数量值最小的邻居感知装置作为转发装置；
3)如果邻居感知装置距离通信终端的跳数数量值不同且电池剩余容量相同时也不同时，选取跳数数量值/电池剩余容量的比值最小的邻居感知装置作为转发装置，而比值相同时选取剩余能耗大的邻居感知装置作为转发装置；
然后再根据以下规则选择待发送输电线路状态信号的感知装置与对应的转发装置之间的通信网络：如待发送的输电线路状态信号的数据量和信号干扰度均低于预定阈值，且待发送的输电线路状态信号安全级别高于预设值，则待发送输电线路状态信号的感知装置与对应的转发装置之间的通信网络均选择主通信网络，否则选择备用通信网络；
将所述转发装置作为待发送输电线路状态信号的感知装置，并依次类推直到输电线路状态信号传输至所述通信终端。
本发明中所述备用通信网络优选采用蓝牙4.0协议组网；所述通信终端以多跳通信方式将汇总后的输电线路状态信号传输到远程监控中心。
本发明带来的有益效果是：1)本发明融合ZigBee技术和蓝牙技术用于传输输电线路状态信号，可以根据传输数据大小及数据安全需求，对ZigBee技术和蓝牙4.0技术进行融合，自动选择待发送输电线路状态信号的感知装置与对应的转发装置之间的通信网络，即自适应地进行多模通信方式选择，从而有效地弥补了单一通信技术的局限性，提升了输电线路状态监测的水平。2)本发明基于多参量的转发装置选择机制，考虑到输电线路状态监测装置的能耗因素限制以及输电线路状态监测的特殊性，提出适用于输电线路状态监测的基于多参量的转发装置选择机制，保证各感知装置实现合理的能源消耗，防止感知装置因转发数据过多而耗能较快，最终因能源耗尽而停止工作，从而可以平衡通信网络的节点能量消耗，延长整个网络的使用寿命。
上述技术方案在数据转发过程中容易收到多个转发请求从而出现转发冲突的现象，因此选择合适的冲突解决方法有利于保证数据传输质量、提高数据传输速率，在此背景下，本发明提出了一种用于传输路径建立之后数据传输冲突解决方法，即：所述感知装置向通信终端发送输电线路状态信号数据时，按输电线路状态信号数据的优先级进行传输，其中所述输电线路状态信号数据按优先级从高到低分为故障状态监测数据、异常状态监测数据和正常状态监测数据三种。
当传输的所述输电线路状态信号数据属于同一优先级时，至少可以采用以下两种方法来传输数据：1)按待转发的监测对象的优先级进行传输，其中监测对象具有预先设定的优先级；2)按平分时隙的方法，分时对各类所述输电线路状态信号数据进行传输。
另外，当转发装置(同时也是感知装置)正在转发邻居感知装置发来的数据时，如果转发装置需要发送自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据，则该转发装置等待转发的一帧数据传输完毕后，开始传输自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据，此时该邻居感知装置等待该转发装置传输完自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据后继续传输未转发完的数据，或者重新选择转发装置用来传输未转发完的数据。当然，在转发装置的剩余带宽充裕且不影响该转发装置传输自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据时，该转发装置也可以同时发送自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据和邻居感知装置发来的数据。
当感知装置正在传输自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据时收到邻居感知装置的转发请求时(即作为转发装置)，该感知装置传输完自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据后再转发邻居感知装置的数据。当然，如该感知装置剩余带宽充裕，能够满足自身传输的需求，则可以用剩余带宽传输邻居感知装置转发的数据。
本发明是基于数据优先级的传输冲突的解决方法，针对基于多参量的转发装置选择机制，提出了一种基于数据优先级的解决数据传输冲突的方法，该方法能够有效解决数据传输冲突问题，保证各类数据可靠传输，提高传输质量。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
图1是本发明实施例的流程示意图。
图2是本发明实施例在数据传输冲突时的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例
本实施例中输电线路上设有用于检测输电线路状态的感知装置，感知装置监测的输电线路状态信号汇总至通信终端后通过通信终端发送到远程监控中心，感知装置和通信终端均通过电池供电。其中感知装置包括处理器模块、蓝牙4.0模块、ZigBee模块和传感器模块以及供电模块，传感器模块负责感知输电线路的状态信息(包括温度、风力、拉力、绝缘污秽等信息)并用于生成输电线路状态信号；通信 终端包括天线模块、ZigBee模块、蓝牙4.0模块、WinMax模块、处理器模块以及供电模块。ZigBee模块和蓝牙4.0模块用于满足通信终端和感知装置之间的通信硬件需求，WinMax模块负责将输电线路的状态信息数据从通信终端以多跳传输到远程监控中心。
由于通信终端处理数据较多且发送功率较大，供电模块采用蓄电池+太阳能电池的方式联合供电，一般安装于输电杆塔上。感知装置则安装在输电杆塔两侧。
本实施例的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法在实施时，如图1所示，感知装置和通信终端之间通过ZigBee组网形成主通信网络，同时感知装置和通信终端之间还通过蓝牙组网形成备用通信网络；通信终端和远程监控中心通过WinMAX链接。
当任一感知装置向通信终端发送输电线路状态信号时，首先监测该感知装置的三个邻居感知装置的电池剩余容量以及上述三个邻居感知装置距离通信终端的跳数数量值，按照以下规则选择转发装置：
1)如果邻居感知装置距离通信终端的跳数数量值相同时，选择电池剩余容量大的邻居感知装置作为转发装置；
2)如果邻居感知装置的电池剩余容量相同时，选择距离通信终端的跳数数量值最小的邻居感知装置作为转发装置；
3)如果邻居感知装置距离通信终端的跳数数量值不同且电池剩余容量相同时也不同时，选取跳数数量值/电池剩余容量的比值最小的邻居感知装置作为转发装置，而比值相同时选取剩余能耗大的邻居感知装置作为转发装置。
然后再根据以下规则选择待发送输电线路状态信号的感知装置与对应的转发装置之间的通信网络：如待发送的输电线路状态信号的数据量和信号干扰度均低于预定阈值，且待发送的输电线路状态信号安全级别高于预设值，则待发送输电线路状态信号的感知装置与对应的转发装置之间的通信网络均选择主通信网络，否则选择备用通信网络。即选取合适的通信技术进行数据传输，在数据量不大、干扰不大、安全级别要求高的情况下使用ZigBee技术通信，而数据量较大、干扰较多时使用蓝牙技术通信，这样整个网络的通信方式可以是ZigBee和蓝牙之间的一种，也可以是两者在不同段的混合(A点到B点使用ZigBee传输技术，B点到C点使用蓝牙传输技术)。
将转发装置作为待发送输电线路状态信号的感知装置，并依次类推直到输电线 路状态信号传输至通信终端。
本实施例通过以上方式建立起传输路径，这样就能保证各装置的能量合理消耗，且不会出现回传的现象，避免了处于最短路径上的装置因为转发次数过多而导致能量很快耗尽，影响感知装置的监测工作。如果在传输过程中，转发装置因为各种原因突然不可用时，转发装置的上一跳装置按照上述同样的流程重新寻找转发装置用于转发数据。
本实施例在数据转发过程中容易收到多个转发请求从而出现转发冲突的现象，因此选择合适的冲突解决方法有利于保证数据传输质量、提高数据传输速率，本实施例作了以下改进，用于传输路径建立之后数据传输冲突解决方法，即：如图2所示，所述感知装置向通信终端发送输电线路状态信号数据时，按输电线路状态信号数据的优先级进行传输，其中所述输电线路状态信号数据按优先级从高到低分为故障状态监测数据、异常状态监测数据和正常状态监测数据三种。
当传输的所述输电线路状态信号数据属于同一优先级时，至少可以采用以下两种方法来传输数据：1)按待转发的监测对象的优先级进行传输，其中监测对象具有预先设定的优先级；2)按平分时隙的方法，分时对各类所述输电线路状态信号数据进行传输。
另外，当转发装置(同时也是感知装置)正在转发邻居感知装置发来的数据时，如果转发装置需要发送自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据，则该转发装置等待转发的一帧数据传输完毕后，开始传输自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据，此时该邻居感知装置等待该转发装置传输完自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据后继续传输未转发完的数据，或者重新选择转发装置用来传输未转发完的数据。当然，在转发装置的剩余带宽充裕且不影响该转发装置传输自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据时，该转发装置也可以同时发送自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据和邻居感知装置发来的数据。
当感知装置正在传输自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据时收到邻居感知装置的转发请求时(即作为转发装置)，该感知装置传输完自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据后再转发邻居感知装置的数据。当然，如该感知装置剩余带宽充裕，能够满足自身传输的需求，则可以用剩余带宽传输邻居感知装置转发的数据。
本发明不局限于上述实施例。凡采用等同替换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，所述输电线路上设有用于检测输电线路状态的感知装置，所述感知装置监测的输电线路状态信号汇总至通信终端后通过所述通信终端发送到远程监控中心，所述感知装置和通信终端均通过电池供电；其特征在于：
    所述感知装置和通信终端之间通过ZigBee组网形成主通信网络，同时所述感知装置和通信终端之间还通过蓝牙组网形成备用通信网络；所述通信终端和远程监控中心通过WinMAX链接；
    任一感知装置向所述通信终端发送输电线路状态信号时，首先监测该感知装置的三个邻居感知装置的电池剩余容量以及上述三个邻居感知装置距离通信终端的跳数数量值，按照以下规则选择转发装置：
    1)如果邻居感知装置距离通信终端的跳数数量值相同时，选择电池剩余容量大的邻居感知装置作为转发装置；
    2)如果邻居感知装置的电池剩余容量相同时，选择距离通信终端的跳数数量值最小的邻居感知装置作为转发装置；
    3)如果邻居感知装置距离通信终端的跳数数量值不同且电池剩余容量相同时也不同时，选取跳数数量值/电池剩余容量的比值最小的邻居感知装置作为转发装置，而比值相同时选取剩余能耗大的邻居感知装置作为转发装置；
    然后再根据以下规则选择待发送输电线路状态信号的感知装置与对应的转发装置之间的通信网络：如待发送的输电线路状态信号的数据量和信号干扰度均低于预定阈值，且待发送的输电线路状态信号安全级别高于预设值，则待发送输电线路状态信号的感知装置与对应的转发装置之间的通信网络均选择主通信网络，否则选择备用通信网络；
    将所述转发装置作为待发送输电线路状态信号的感知装置，并依次类推直到输电线路状态信号传输至所述通信终端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，其特征在于：所述感知装置向通信终端和发送输电线路状态信号数据时，按输电线路状态信号数据的优先级进行传输，其中所述输电线路状态信号数据按优先级从高到低分为故障状态监测数据、异常状态监测数据和正常状态监测数据三种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，其特征在于：当传输的所述输电线路状态信号数据属于同一优先级时，按待转发的监测对象的优先级进行传输，其中监测对象具有预先设定的优先级。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，其特征在于：当传输的所述输电线路状态信号数据属于同一优先级时，按平分时隙的方法，分时对各类所述输电线路状态信号数据进行传输。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，其特征在于：当转发装置正在转发邻居感知装置发来的数据时，如果转发装置需要发送自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据，则该转发装置等待转发的一帧数据传输完毕后，开始传输自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据，此时该邻居感知装置等待该转发装置传输完自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据后继续传输未转发完的数据，或者重新选择转发装置用来传输未转发完的数据。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，其特征在于：当转发装置正在转发邻居感知装置发来的数据时，如果转发装置需要发送自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据，在转发装置的剩余带宽充裕且不影响该转发装置传输自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据，则该转发装置同时发送自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据和邻居感知装置发来的数据。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，其特征在于：当感知装置正在传输自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据时，收到邻居感知装置的转发请求，则该感知装置传输完自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据后再转发邻居感知装置的数据。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，其特征在于：当感知装置正在传输自身监测的输电线路状态信号数据时，收到邻居感知装置的转发请求，如该感知装置剩余带宽充裕，能够满足自身传输的需求，则用剩余带宽传输邻居感知装置转发的数据。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8之任一所述的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，其特征在于：所述备用通信网络采用蓝牙4.0协议组网。
  10. 根据权利要求1-8之任一所述的用于输电线路状态监测的多模通信方法，其特征在于：所述通信终端以多跳通信方式将汇总后的输电线路状态信号传输到远程监控中心。
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