WO2017148252A1 - 提升双馈风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法及控制系统 - Google Patents

提升双馈风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法及控制系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017148252A1
WO2017148252A1 PCT/CN2017/073115 CN2017073115W WO2017148252A1 WO 2017148252 A1 WO2017148252 A1 WO 2017148252A1 CN 2017073115 W CN2017073115 W CN 2017073115W WO 2017148252 A1 WO2017148252 A1 WO 2017148252A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
supercapacitor
bus
converter
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/073115
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪宁渤
路亮
丁坤
周识远
张琛
李津
李征
摆念宗
陟晶
蔡旭
蔡游明
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication date
Application filed by State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd, Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Priority to US16/081,890 priority Critical patent/US10790769B2/en
Publication of WO2017148252A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017148252A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/006—Means for protecting the generator by using control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
    • F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Arrangements for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/102—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of transients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/105—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for increasing the stability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/305—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling voltage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7064—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type
    • F05B2220/70644—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type of the asynchronous type, i.e. induction type
    • F05B2220/70646—Double fed induction generators (DFIGs)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/42—Storage of energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/107—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • F05B2270/1071—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies in particular sudden load loss
    • F05B2270/10711—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies in particular sudden load loss applying a low voltage ride through method
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of wind power operation control, and particularly relates to a control method and a control system for improving the abnormal voltage withstand capability of a doubly-fed wind turbine.
  • the doubly-fed wind turbine Due to the direct interconnection of the stator, the doubly-fed wind turbine is susceptible to grid voltage disturbance.
  • the wind power grid-connected standard only emphasizes the fault ride-through capability of the wind turbine, and the voltage dip of the small-value grid and the low and high-voltage withstand. Insufficient requirements, it turns out that these aspects also have a greater impact on the continuous operation of the doubly-fed wind turbine.
  • An existing excitation system of a doubly-fed wind power generator based on supercapacitor and battery hybrid energy storage achieves the characteristic of controlling the power output of the stator side of the doubly-fed electric machine by controlling the excitation of the rotor of the doubly-fed electric machine, the scheme
  • the shortcoming is that the excitation control algorithm itself is very complicated, and the implementation is difficult and costly. During the failure of the fan, due to the short-time cutting characteristics of the rotor-side converter, the effective control of the unit cannot be completed.
  • the supercapacitor in this scheme is mainly used for low voltage traversal during wind farm faults, and power regulation during normal operation cannot be completed according to the dispatching command.
  • the program needs to set up a low voltage ride through control system in the wind farm, and there are more implementation inputs, occupying the site. For larger problems, the corresponding operational control strategy is not given.
  • a control method for improving abnormal voltage withstand capability of a wind turbine includes:
  • the doubly-fed wind turbine comprising a rotor, a gearbox, a generator, a converter, and a supercapacitor energy storage device
  • the supercapacitor energy storage device comprising a DC-DC converter and a supercapacitor
  • the converter comprising a grid side converter, a rotor side converter, and a DC bus connected between the grid side converter and the rotor side converter, the super capacitor passing through The DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the DC bus;
  • the supercapacitor energy storage device and the converter are subjected to integrated system coordinated control according to a normal working mode.
  • a control system for improving abnormal voltage withstand capability of a wind turbine includes:
  • a doubly-fed wind turbine coupled to a power grid includes a wind wheel, a gearbox, a generator, a converter, and a supercapacitor energy storage device, the supercapacitor energy storage device including a DC-DC converter and a super a capacitor, the converter comprising a grid-side converter, a rotor-side converter, and a DC bus connected between the grid-side converter and the rotor-side converter, the supercapacitor a DC-DC converter electrically coupled to the DC bus; and
  • the integrated system coordination controller when the voltage of the DC bus exceeds a limit value, the integrated system coordination controller performs integrated system coordinated control on the supercapacitor energy storage device and the converter according to an abnormal working mode mode, And, when the grid voltage returns to normal, the integrated system coordination controller performs integrated system coordinated control on the supercapacitor energy storage device and the converter in a normal working mode.
  • the control method and the control system for improving the abnormal voltage withstand capability of the wind turbine by using the supercapacitor energy storage system provided by the invention can be used for improving the fault operation capability of the doubly-fed wind turbine, and the overall solution of the doubly-fed wind turbine against the grid voltage is temporarily solved.
  • the continuous operation problem of state disturbance and high/low voltage basically does not change the original control strategy of the wind turbine.
  • the control structure and algorithm are simple and reliable, and the effect is good, which will not affect the operation and service life of other components of the wind turbine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a main circuit system of a doubly-fed wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the ultracapacitor energy storage device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an integrated system coordinated control for controlling an abnormal voltage withstand capability of a wind turbine by using a supercapacitor energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control process of different control modes of the grid-side converter of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a control process of different control modes of the supercapacitor energy storage system of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship of an integrated system coordination controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a control method for improving an abnormal voltage withstand capability of a wind turbine, which is implemented by providing a supercapacitor energy storage device 2 in a doubly-fed wind turbine.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a doubly-fed wind turbine with a supercapacitor energy storage system, including a generator 5 , a converter 7 , and an ultracapacitor energy storage device 2 .
  • the doubly-fed wind turbine may further include a wind wheel 3 and a gear box 4, which drives the generator 5 through the gear box 4 to convert wind energy into electrical energy.
  • the doubly-fed wind turbine can also include a transformer 6.
  • the doubly-fed wind turbine is connected to the grid 8 via a transformer 6.
  • the doubly-fed wind turbine may further include a crowbar protection circuit 1 connected to the rotor.
  • a crowbar protection circuit 1 connected to the rotor.
  • the transformer 6 can be a step-up transformer.
  • the transformer 6 is a 0.69/35 kV step-up transformer with a nominal capacity of 3 MVA.
  • the generator 5 can be a doubly-fed induction generator comprising a stator and a rotor, the stator being connected to the grid 8 via a transformer 6, which is connected to the grid 8 via a converter 7.
  • both ends of the ultracapacitor energy storage device 2 are electrically connected to the two DC bus bars 78 of the converter 7 respectively.
  • the converter 7 may further include a rotor-side converter 72 and a grid-side converter 74 electrically connected by two DC bus bars 78, and a capacitor 76 electrically connected to the two DC bus bars 78 at both ends.
  • the supercapacitor energy storage device 2 is connected in parallel with the capacitor 76.
  • the supercapacitor energy storage device 2 includes a DC-DC converter 24 and a supercapacitor 22.
  • the supercapacitor 22 is mounted on a DC bus 78 of the converter 7, which is electrically coupled to the DC bus 78 of the converter 7 via a DC-DC converter 24, in particular by the DC-DC converter.
  • the device 24 is connected to the two DC bus bars 78 of the converter 7.
  • the equivalent circuit of the supercapacitor 22 in FIG. 2 includes an equivalent capacitance C sc and an equivalent resistance R res which are connected in series with each other.
  • Super capacitor 22 is preferably in the rated voltage 450V ⁇ 960V, power and capacity, in theory no upper limit, in one embodiment, the super capacitor voltage E sc capacity of 4F, a power of 350kW, rated voltage of 800V.
  • the DC-DC converter 24 is preferably a buck-boost bidirectional converter composed of a first full-control switch S1, a second full-control switch S2, and a boost inductor L.
  • the electric energy is transferred from the capacitor 76 of the DC bus 78 to the supercapacitor 22, and the supercapacitor 22 is charged, and the DC-DC converter 24 operates in the buck mode.
  • the supercapacitor 22 is discharged and the DC-DC converter 24 operates in the boost mode.
  • the voltage adjustment of the super capacitor 22 can be realized, and the duty ratio can be 0-1. Change between.
  • the voltage of the DC-DC converter 24 is higher than the voltage of the supercapacitor 22.
  • the DC-DC converter 24 is constantly switching between the buck mode and the boost mode.
  • the first end of the boosting inductor L is connected in series with the first full control switch S1, and is connected to the first DC bus 78 of the converter 7 through the first full control switch S1.
  • the second end of the piezoelectric inductor L is electrically connected to the first electrode of the ultracapacitor 22.
  • the second electrode of the supercapacitor 22 is electrically connected to the second DC bus 78 of the converter 7.
  • the second full control switch S2 is connected between the first end of the boost inductor L and the second electrode of the ultracapacitor.
  • the second fully controlled switch S2 and the supercapacitor 22 are both in parallel with the capacitor 76 of the DC bus 78.
  • the first fully controlled switch S1 includes a first transistor and a first diode connected in parallel.
  • the drain of the first transistor is coupled to the anode of the first diode and to the first end of the inductor L.
  • the source of the first transistor is coupled to the cathode of the first diode and to a DC bus 78 of the converter 7.
  • the second fully controlled switch S2 includes a second transistor and a second diode connected in parallel.
  • the source of the second transistor is coupled to the cathode of the second diode and to the first end of the inductor L.
  • the drain of the second transistor is coupled to the anode of the second diode and to the second electrode of the ultracapacitor 22.
  • the control method for improving the abnormal voltage withstand capability of the wind turbine by using the supercapacitor energy storage device can ensure the transient stability of the DC bus 78 and ensure the uninterrupted operation of the unit.
  • a method for controlling an abnormal voltage withstand capability of a wind turbine is provided in the embodiment of the present invention, and an integrated system coordinated control is performed on the supercapacitor energy storage device 2 and the converter 7.
  • the control process may include:
  • the DC bus 78 voltage of the converter 7 is detected, and it is determined whether the voltage of the DC bus 78 exceeds a limit value
  • the grid voltage flag is set to “abnormal”, and the supercapacitor energy storage device 2 and the converter 7 are subjected to integrated system coordinated control according to the abnormal working mode;
  • the grid voltage flag is set to "normal", and the supercapacitor energy storage device 2 and the converter 7 are integrated in the normal operating mode. Coordinated control.
  • the step of detecting the grid voltage and determining whether the grid voltage has failed may continue throughout the control process.
  • the failure of the grid voltage may specifically be that the grid voltage is higher or lower than the normal grid voltage range, and the normal grid voltage range may be set as needed.
  • the DC bus 78 voltage limit value can also be set as needed, for example, the limit value is 1.05 p.u. (per unit), that is, more than 5% of the normal value.
  • the integrated system coordinated control may specifically include a grid-side converter control and a supercapacitor energy storage system control, which may be performed simultaneously.
  • the integrated system coordinated control is performed according to the abnormal working mode, including controlling the grid-side converter according to the abnormal working mode, and performing boost control on the supercapacitor energy storage device 2.
  • the integrated system coordinated control is performed according to a normal working mode, including controlling the grid-side converter according to a normal working mode, and performing buck control on the supercapacitor energy storage device 2.
  • the grid-side converter has two control modes of “normal operating condition” and “abnormal operating condition” according to the grid voltage flag.
  • the grid voltage is normal (ie, when it is within the normal grid voltage range)
  • the grid-side converter controls the DC bus 78 voltage to be constant, and this is the “active power priority control” mode.
  • a certain reactive/voltage assisted control can be provided.
  • the grid voltage is abnormal, the grid voltage is higher than the upper limit of the normal grid voltage range or lower than the lower limit of the normal grid voltage range, the grid-side converter is in the abnormal working mode mode, and the grid-side converter performs the policy switching, and the busbar is no longer controlled. Voltage, this time is the "reactive priority control" mode.
  • the grid-side converter In the “reactive priority control” mode, when the grid voltage is lower than the lower limit of the normal grid voltage range, the grid-side converter performs over-excitation control to support the grid voltage, and under the constraint of apparent capacity, injects a certain amount. Active power. When the grid voltage is higher than the upper limit of the normal grid voltage range, the grid-side converter performs under-excitation control and injects a certain amount of active power under the constraint of apparent capacity. Under-excitation control not only helps the grid voltage recovery, but also ensures that the grid-side converter does not lose control due to overmodulation, that is, the grid-side converter is still controllable under abnormal voltage.
  • control strategy for the supercapacitor energy storage system includes: boost control and buck control.
  • the grid-side converter no longer controls the DC bus 78 voltage, and the active power input from the rotor-side converter will cause the DC bus 78 voltage to rise.
  • the boost control is when the DC bus 78 voltage exceeds a limit value (ie, when the grid voltage flag is set to "abnormal"), the supercapacitor 22 is used as an input of the DC-DC converter 24, and the capacitance of the DC bus 78 is 76.
  • the DC bus 78 voltage is adjusted to the normal DC bus 78 voltage range, i.e., the DC bus 78 voltage is controlled.
  • the boost control includes monitoring the DC bus 78 voltage and controlling the DC bus 78 voltage to a normal DC bus 78 voltage range by controlling the duty cycle of the first and/or second full control switches S1 and/or S2.
  • the boost control can include causing the supercapacitor 22 to charge/discharge the capacitance 76 of the DC bus 78 by controlling the duty cycle of the second fully controlled switch S2.
  • the DC bus 78 voltage limit value may be set to be slightly smaller than the triggering action of the DC unloading circuit. The value is to prevent the two from working at the same time, causing the DC bus 78 voltage to be unstable.
  • the gain factor is set to "0" or "1"
  • the gain factor is set to "0”
  • the supercapacitor energy storage system is no longer connected to the converter 7 DC bus 78.
  • the voltage is controlled, otherwise it is "1", indicating that the supercapacitor energy storage system controls the voltage of the DC bus 78.
  • the supercapacitor 22 has an allowable operating voltage range (e.g., 450V to 960V). To prevent overvoltage or undervoltage of the supercapacitor 22, control of the voltage of the supercapacitor 22, i.e., buck control, can be achieved by the DC-DC converter 24. Specifically, the DC bus 78 voltage is monitored while the boost control is being performed.
  • the buck control includes monitoring the voltage of the supercapacitor 22 to control the voltage of the supercapacitor 22 to a normal supercapacitor operating voltage range by controlling the duty cycle of the first and/or second fully controlled switches S1 and/or S2.
  • the buck control may include causing the DC bus capacitor 76 to charge/discharge the supercapacitor 22 by controlling the duty cycle of the first full control switch S1 when the voltage of the supercapacitor 22 is greater than the normal supercapacitor operating voltage range.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control system for improving abnormal voltage withstand capability of a wind turbine, including the doubly-fed wind turbine and the integrated system coordination controller 9 .
  • the integrated system coordination controller 9 determines whether a grid voltage has failed. When it is judged that the grid voltage has failed, the integrated system coordination controller 9 determines whether the voltage of the DC bus 78 exceeds a limit value.
  • the integrated system The unified coordination controller 9 performs integrated system coordinated control on the supercapacitor energy storage device 2 and the current transformer 7 in an abnormal working mode, and the integrated system coordination controller when the grid voltage returns to normal 9
  • the integrated system coordination control is performed on the supercapacitor energy storage device 2 and the current transformer 7 in a normal operating mode.
  • the integrated system coordination controller 9 includes a converter controller 91 and an energy storage device controller 92.
  • the energy storage device controller 92 and the ultracapacitor energy storage device 2 together form a supercapacitor energy storage system.
  • the energy storage device controller 92 controls the duty ratio of the switch in the DC-DC converter 24 to perform boost control; when it is determined that the grid voltage returns to the normal range
  • the energy storage device controller 92 controls the duty ratio of the switches in the DC-DC converter 24 to perform buck control.
  • the energy storage device controller 92 performs boost control, specifically, controlling the DC bus 78 voltage to a normal DC bus voltage range.
  • the energy storage device controller 92 performs buck control, specifically, controlling the voltage of the ultracapacitor 22 to a normal supercapacitor operating voltage range.
  • control system for improving the abnormal voltage withstand capability of the wind turbine may further include a DC bus voltage detection module 93 and a grid voltage detection module 94.
  • a supercapacitor voltage detection module 95 may also be included.
  • the DC bus voltage detection module 93, the grid voltage detection module 94, and the supercapacitor voltage detection module 95 detect the grid voltage, the DC bus voltage, and the supercapacitor 22 voltage, respectively, and input the detection result to the integrated system coordination controller 9.
  • the supercapacitor energy storage system can realize:
  • the grid-side converter switches to the “reactive priority control” mode to balance the machine/network power.
  • the supercapacitor controls the DC bus voltage to ensure continuous operation of the wind turbine.
  • the supercapacitor can also suppress DC bus voltage transient process caused by grid voltage drop.
  • the invention provides a control method for improving the abnormal voltage withstand capability of a wind turbine by using a super capacitor energy storage system, which can be used to improve the fault operation capability of the doubly-fed wind turbine, and solves the problem that the doubly-fed wind turbine resists the small voltage transient of the grid.
  • the continuous operation problem under disturbance and high/low voltage basically does not change the original control strategy of the wind turbine.
  • the control structure and algorithm are simple and reliable, and the effect is good, which will not affect the operation and service life of other components of the wind turbine.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法和系统，包括：提供与电网连接的双馈风电机组，包括超级电容器储能装置，所述超级电容器储能装置包括DC-DC变换器和超级电容器，所述超级电容器通过所述DC-DC变换器与所述直流母线电连接；检测电网电压，并判断所述电网电压是否发生故障；当判断所述电网电压发生故障时，检测所述直流母线的电压，并判断所述直流母线的电压是否超过限定值；当判断所述直流母线的电压超过限定值时，对所述超级电容器储能装置和所述变流器按异常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制；以及当判断所述电网电压恢复正常范围时，对所述超级电容器储能装置和所述变流器按正常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制。

Description

提升双馈风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法及控制系统
相关申请
本申请要求2016年3月1日申请的，申请号为201610114252.6，名称为“采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明属于风力发电运行控制领域，具体涉及一种提升双馈风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法及控制系统。
背景技术
双馈风电机组由于定子直接联网，使其易受电网电压扰动的影响，目前风电并网标准只强调了风电机组的故障穿越能力，而对小值电网电压骤降，以及低、高电压耐受方面的要求不足，事实证明，这些方面同样对双馈风电机组的连续运行产生较大影响。
在高、低电压耐受方面，一般的要求是在-10％～10％之间可以正常运行，对更低、或更高电压情况下的运行能力没有具体要求。对于双馈风电机组，经简单分析可知，高电压下变流器输出电压不足导致功率难以馈入电网；低电压下变流器易产生过流，同时，机/网变流器容量不均衡还会导致母线电压升高，触发保护动作，通过变速-变桨的方式进行主动减载是缓解低电压过载的一种方法。在电网电压小值跌落情况下，目前多采用控制策略抑制转子过电流，这种方法需要转子变流器能够提供足够的电压，并且控制模型需要足够精确才能体现出效果，这在实际中是很难实现的。
在高、低电压耐受方面，目前还没有兼顾两者、较为完善的技术，针对低电压情况，虽然通过变桨-变速进行主动减载理论上可以防止变流器过载，但考虑电压波动是频繁事件，这种气动减载方案无疑增大了机组载荷，影响其使用寿命。
现有的一种基于超级电容器和蓄电池混合储能的双馈风力发电机励磁系统，该系统通过控制双馈电机的转子励磁，从而达到控制双馈电机定子侧输出的功率的特性，该方案的不足之处是励磁控制算法本身非常复杂，实现难度大、成本高昂，且风机故障期间由于转子侧变流器的短时切出特性，无法完成对机组的有效控制。
另外还有一种采用超级电容实现风电机组低电压穿越能力的装置。该方案中超级电容主要针对风电场故障期间低电压穿越所采用，无法根据调度指令完成正常运行期间的功率调节。此外，该方案需要在风电场中专门设置低电压穿越控制系统，存在实施投入较多，占用场地 较大等问题，未给出相应的运行控制策略。
发明内容
有鉴于此，需要提供一种提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法及控制系统，以解决直流母线暂态不稳定，机组间断运行的问题。
一种提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，包括：
提供与电网连接的双馈风电机组，所述双馈风电机组包括风轮、齿轮箱、发电机、变流器及超级电容器储能装置，所述超级电容器储能装置包括DC-DC变换器和超级电容器，所述变流器包括网侧变流器、转子侧变流器及连接在所述网侧变流器和所述转子侧变流器之间的直流母线，所述超级电容器通过所述DC-DC变换器与所述直流母线电连接；
检测电网电压，并判断所述电网电压是否发生故障；
当判断所述电网电压发生故障时，检测所述直流母线的电压，并判断所述直流母线的电压是否超过限定值；
当判断所述直流母线的电压超过限定值时，对所述超级电容器储能装置和所述变流器按异常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制；以及
当判断所述电网电压恢复正常时，对所述超级电容器储能装置和所述变流器按正常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制。
一种提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统，包括：
与电网连接的双馈风电机组，所述双馈风电机组包括风轮、齿轮箱、发电机、变流器及超级电容器储能装置，所述超级电容器储能装置包括DC-DC变换器和超级电容器，所述变流器包括网侧变流器、转子侧变流器及连接在所述网侧变流器和所述转子侧变流器之间的直流母线，所述超级电容器通过所述DC-DC变换器与所述直流母线电连接；以及
集成系统协调控制器，在所述直流母线的电压超过限定值时，所述集成系统协调控制器对所述超级电容器储能装置和所述变流器按异常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制，并且，在所述电网电压恢复正常时，所述集成系统协调控制器对所述超级电容器储能装置和所述变流器按正常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制。
本发明提供的采用超级电容器储能系统提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法和控制系统，可用于提升双馈风电机组的故障运行能力，整体解决了双馈风电机组抵御电网电压小值暂态扰动、高/低电压下的连续运行问题，基本不改变风电机组原有控制策略，控制结构、算法简单可靠，效果好，不会对风电机组其它部件的运行和使用寿命产生影响。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例双馈风电机组的主电路系统的结构示意图；
图2是图1中超级电容器储能装置的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例采用超级电容器储能系统提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力控制方法的集成系统协调控制流程图；
图4是图3中的网侧变流器的不同控制模式的控制过程示意图；
图5是图3中的超级电容器储能系统的不同控制模式的控制过程示意图；
图6是本发明实施例集成系统协调控制器的连接关系示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例提供一种提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，该方法通过在双馈风电机组中设置超级电容器储能装置2实现。请参阅图1，本发明实施例还提供一种具有超级电容器储能系统的双馈风电机组，包括发电机5、变流器7以及超级电容器储能装置2。
所述双馈风电机组还可包括风轮3和齿轮箱4，该风轮3通过齿轮箱4带动发电机5工作，从而使风能转换为电能。
所述双馈风电机组还可包括变压器6。所述双馈风电机组通过变压器6接入电网8。
所述双馈风电机组还可包括crowbar保护电路1，所述crowbar保护电路1与所述转子连接，当所述变流器7的电压超过设定阈值时，所述crowbar保护电路1导通，旁路所述转子上的电流。该变压器6(例如，箱变)可以为升压变压器，在一实施例中，该变压器6为额定容量3MVA的0.69/35kV升压变压器。
所述发电机5可以为双馈感应发电机，包括定子和转子，所述定子通过变压器6接入电网8，所述转子通过变流器7接入电网8。
请一并参阅图2，所述超级电容器储能装置2的两端分别与变流器7的两条直流母线78电连接。所述变流器7可进一步包括通过两条直流母线78电连接的转子侧变流器72和网侧变流器74，以及两端分别与两条直流母线78电连接的电容76。该超级电容器储能装置2与该电容76并联。
该超级电容器储能装置2包括DC-DC变换器24和超级电容器22。该超级电容器22加装在所述变流器7的直流母线78上，该超级电容器22通过DC-DC变换器24与变流器7的直流母线78电连接，具体是通过该DC-DC变换器24接入变流器7的两条直流母线78。图2中超级电容器22的等效电路包括相互串联的等效电容Csc和等效电阻Rres。超级电容器22额 定电压优选在450V～960V，功率和容量在理论上没上限，在一实施例中，超级电容电压Esc的容量为4F，功率为350kW，额定电压为800V。
该DC-DC变换器24优选为buck-boost双向变换器，由第一全控型开关S1、第二全控开关S2以及升压电感L构成。电能从直流母线78的电容76转移到超级电容器22时对超级电容器22充电，DC-DC变换器24工作在buck模式。电能从超级电容器22转移到直流母线78电容76时超级电容器22放电，DC-DC变换器24工作在boost模式。通过调节所述DC-DC变换器中开关的占空比，具体是全控开关S1和/或S2的占空比，可以实现超级电容器22电压的调节，该占空比可以在0～1之间变化。DC-DC变换器24的电压高于超级电容器22的电压。在一实施例中，为控制直流母线78的电压，该DC-DC变换器24在buck模式和boost模式之间不断的切换。
在一实施例中，该升压电感L的第一端与第一全控开关S1串联，并通过该第一全控开关S1连接至该变流器7的第一直流母线78，该升压电感L的第二端与该超级电容器22第一电极电连接。该超级电容器22的第二电极与该变流器7的第二直流母线78电连接。该第二全控开关S2连接在该升压电感L的第一端与该超级电容器的第二电极之间。该第二全控开关S2与该超级电容器22均与该直流母线78的电容器76并联。
该第一全控开关S1包括并联的第一晶体管和第一二极管。该第一晶体管的漏极与第一二极管的阳极连接，并连接至该电感L的第一端。该第一晶体管的源极与该第一二极管的阴极连接，并连接至变流器7的一条直流母线78。该第二全控开关S2包括并联的第二晶体管和第二二极管。该第二晶体管的源极与第二二极管的阴极连接，并连接至该电感L的第一端。该第二晶体管的漏极与第二二极管的阳极连接，并与该超级电容器22的第二电极电连接。
所述采用超级电容器储能装置提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法能够保证直流母线78暂态稳定，保证机组不间断运行。
请参阅图3，本发明实施例提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，还包括对超级电容器储能装置2和变流器7进行集成系统协调控制，该控制过程可包括：
检测电网电压，并判断电网电压是否发生故障；
当判断电网电压发生故障时，检测变流器7的直流母线78电压，并判断直流母线78电压是否超过限定值；
当判断直流母线78电压超过限定值时，将电网电压标志位设定为“异常”，并对超级电容器储能装置2和变流器7按异常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制；
当判断电网电压恢复正常时(即处于正常电网电压范围时)，将电网电压标志位设定为“正常”，并对超级电容器储能装置2和变流器7按正常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制。
所述检测电网电压并判断电网电压是否发生故障的步骤可在整个控制过程中持续进行。 该电网电压发生故障具体可以是电网电压高于或低于正常电网电压范围，该正常电网电压范围可以根据需要设定。该直流母线78电压限定值也可根据需要设定，例如限定值为1.05p.u.(per unit)，即超过正常值的5％。
所述集成系统协调控制具体可以包括网侧变流器控制以及超级电容器储能系统控制，该两种控制可以同时进行。
所述按异常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制，包括对网侧变流器按照异常工况模式进行控制，并对超级电容器储能装置2进行boost控制。所述按正常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制，包括对网侧变流器按照正常工况模式进行控制，并对超级电容器储能装置2进行buck控制。
请参阅图4，网侧变流器根据所述电网电压标志位，存在“正常工况”和“异常工况”两个控制模式。当电网电压正常时(即处于正常电网电压范围内时)，网侧变流器处于正常工况模式，网侧变流器控制直流母线78电压恒定，此时为“有功优先控制”模式，同时可以提供一定的无功/电压辅助控制。当电网电压异常时，电网电压高于正常电网电压范围的上限或低于正常电网电压范围的下限，网侧变流器处于异常工况模式，网侧变流器进行策略切换，不再控制母线电压，此时为“无功优先控制”模式。
在“无功优先控制”模式中，当电网电压低于正常电网电压范围的下限时，网侧变流器进行过励控制，从而支撑电网电压，并且在满足视在容量约束下，注入一定的有功功率。当电网电压高于正常电网电压范围的上限时，网侧变流器进行欠励控制，并且在满足视在容量约束下，注入一定的有功功率。欠励控制不仅有助于电网电压恢复，而且可以保证网侧变流器不因过调制而失去控制，即保证网侧变流器在异常电压下仍可控。
请参阅图5，超级电容器储能系统的控制策略包括：boost控制和buck控制。
由于“无功优先控制”模式时网侧变流器不再控制直流母线78电压，转子侧变流器输入的有功功率将导致直流母线78电压上升。该boost控制是当直流母线78电压超过限定值时(即电网电压标志位设定为“异常”时)，将超级电容器22作为DC-DC变换器24的输入端，将直流母线78的电容76作为DC-DC变换器24的输出端，将直流母线78电压调整至正常直流母线78电压范围，即控制直流母线78电压。
该boost控制包括对直流母线78电压进行监测，通过控制第一和/或第二全控开关S1和/或S2的占空比，将直流母线78电压控制在正常直流母线78电压范围。该boost控制可包括通过控制第二全控开关S2的占空比，使超级电容器22对所述直流母线78的电容76进行充电/放电控制。当直流母线78电压大于正常直流母线电压范围的上限时，可以通过控制第二全控开关S2的占空比d2(例如使d2>0.5，且d1＝1-d2)，使直流母线78对超级电容器22充电，电能从直流母线78的电容76转移到超级电容器22，从而使直流母线78电压降低；当 直流母线78电压小于正常直流母线电压范围的下限时，可以通过控制第二全控开关S2的占空比d2(例如使d2<0.5，且d1＝1-d2)，使直流母线78对超级电容器22放电，电能从超级电容器22转移到直流母线电容76，从而使直流母线78电压上升，最终将直流母线78的电压控制在正常直流母线电压范围。
为了实现超级电容器储能系统与直流卸荷电路(即crowbar保护电路1)对直流母线78电压的控制解耦，可以将所述直流母线78电压限定值设置成略小于直流卸荷电路的触发动作值，避免两者同时工作，造成直流母线78电压不稳定。除此之外，还需要考虑boost控制时超级电容器22的工作电压范围，动态调节增益系数，可以调节超级电容器22注入/吸收功率大小，防止超级电容器22电压超出工作范围。例如，将增益系数设定为“0”或“1”，当超级电容器22电压超出电压上/下限时，增益系数置“0”，超级电容器储能系统不再对变流器7直流母线78电压进行控制，否则为“1”，表示超级电容器储能系统对直流母线78电压进行控制。
超级电容器22具有允许的工作电压范围(例如450V～960V)，为了防止超级电容器22过压或欠压，通过DC-DC变换器24可实现对超级电容器22电压的控制，即buck控制。具体地，在该boost控制的同时监控直流母线78电压，当直流母线78电压恢复到正常直流母线范围时(即电网电压标志位设定为“正常”时)，进行buck控制，将超级电容器22作为DC-DC变换器24的输出端，将直流母线电容76作为DC-DC变换器24的输入端，将超级电容器22的电压调整至正常超级电容器电压范围，即控制超级电容器22的电压。
该buck控制包括对超级电容器22的电压进行监测，通过控制第一和/或第二全控开关S1和/或S2的占空比，将超级电容器22的电压控制在正常超级电容器工作电压范围。该buck控制可包括通过控制第一全控开关S1的占空比，使直流母线电容76对所述超级电容器22进行充电/放电控制，当超级电容器22的电压大于正常超级电容器工作电压范围的上限时，可以通过控制第一全控开关S1的占空比d1(例如使d1>0.5，且d2＝1-d1)，使超级电容器22放电，电能从超级电容器22转移到直流母线电容76，使超级电容器22电压下降；当超级电容器22的电压小于正常超级电容器工作电压范围的下限时，可以通过控制第一全控开关S1的占空比d1(例如使d1<0.5，且d2＝1-d1)，使超级电容器22充电，电能从直流母线78的电容76转移到超级电容器22，使超级电容器22电压上升，最终实现对超级电容器22电压的调节。
请参阅图6，本发明实施例还提供一种提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统，包括所述双馈风电机组以及集成系统协调控制器9。该集成系统协调控制器9对电网电压是否发生故障进行判断。当判断所述电网电压发生故障时，该集成系统协调控制器9对直流母线78的电压是否超过限定值进行判断。当所述直流母线78的电压超过限定值时，所述集成系 统协调控制器9对所述超级电容器储能装置2和所述变流器7按异常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制，并且，在所述电网电压恢复正常时，所述集成系统协调控制器9对所述超级电容器储能装置2和所述变流器7按正常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制。
所述集成系统协调控制器9包括变流器控制器91和储能装置控制器92。所述储能装置控制器92和所述超级电容器储能装置2共同组成超级电容器储能系统。当所述直流母线78的电压超过限定值时，所述储能装置控制器92控制所述DC-DC变换器24中开关的占空比，进行boost控制；当判断所述电网电压恢复正常范围时，所述储能装置控制器92控制所述DC-DC变换器24中开关的占空比，进行buck控制。
所述储能装置控制器92进行boost控制，具体是将所述直流母线78电压控制在正常直流母线电压范围。
在一实施例中，当所述直流母线78电压大于正常直流母线电压范围的上限时，所述储能装置控制器92能够控制第二全控开关S2的占空比d2(例如使d2>0.5，且d1＝1-d2)，使直流母线78对超级电容器22充电，电能从直流母线电容76转移到超级电容器22，从而使直流母线78电压降低。当所述直流母线78电压小于正常直流母线电压范围的下限时，所述储能装置控制器92能够控制第二全控开关S2的占空比d2(例如使d2<0.5，且d1＝1-d2)，使直流母线78对超级电容器22放电，电能从超级电容器22转移到直流母线电容76，从而使直流母线78电压上升。
所述储能装置控制器92进行buck控制，具体是将所述超级电容器22的电压控制在正常超级电容器工作电压范围。
在一实施例中，当超级电容器22的电压大于正常超级电容器工作电压范围的上限时，所述储能装置控制器92能够控制第一全控开关S1的占空比d1(例如使d1>0.5，且d2＝1-d1)，使超级电容器22放电，电能从超级电容器22转移到直流母线电容76，使超级电容器22电压下降。当超级电容器22的电压小于正常超级电容器工作电压范围的下限时，所述储能装置控制器92能够控制第一全控开关S1的占空比d1(例如使d1<0.5，且d2＝1-d1)，使超级电容器22充电，电能从直流母线的电容76转移到超级电容器22，使超级电容器22电压上升，最终实现对超级电容器22电压的调节。
另外，所述提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统还可以包括直流母线电压检测模块93以及电网电压检测模块94。在一实施例中，还可以包括超级电容器电压检测模块95。该直流母线电压检测模块93、电网电压检测模块94及超级电容器电压检测模块95分别对电网电压、直流母线电压及超级电容器22电压进行检测，并将检测结果输入该集成系统协调控制器9。
通过上述提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，超级电容储能系统可实现：
电网电压正常时，维持自身的工作电压；
电网电压异常时，由于网侧变流器切换到“无功优先控制”模式，为平衡机/网功率，此时超级电容器控制直流母线电压，保证风电机组连续运行，同时，超级电容器还能够抑制电网电压跌落引起的直流母线电压暂态过程。
本发明提供的一种采用超级电容储能系统提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，可用于提升双馈风电机组的故障运行能力，整体解决了双馈风电机组抵御电网电压小值暂态扰动、高/低电压下的连续运行问题，基本不改变风电机组原有控制策略，控制结构、算法简单可靠，效果好，不会对风电机组其它部件的运行和使用寿命产生影响。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，均在申请待批的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，包括：
    提供与电网连接的双馈风电机组，所述双馈风电机组包括风轮、齿轮箱、发电机、变流器及超级电容器储能装置，所述超级电容器储能装置包括DC-DC变换器和超级电容器，所述变流器包括网侧变流器、转子侧变流器及连接在所述网侧变流器和所述转子侧变流器之间的直流母线，所述超级电容器通过所述DC-DC变换器与所述直流母线电连接；
    检测电网电压，并判断所述电网电压是否发生故障；
    当判断所述电网电压发生故障时，检测所述直流母线的电压，并判断所述直流母线的电压是否超过限定值；
    当判断所述直流母线的电压超过限定值时，对所述超级电容器储能装置和所述变流器按异常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制；以及
    当判断所述电网电压恢复正常时，对所述超级电容器储能装置和所述变流器按正常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，其特征在于，所述按异常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制，包括对所述网侧变流器按照异常工况模式进行控制，并对所述超级电容器储能装置进行boost控制；所述按正常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制，包括对所述网侧变流器按照正常工况模式进行控制，并对所述超级电容器储能装置进行buck控制。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，其特征在于，所述对网侧变流器按照正常工况模式进行控制包括通过所述网侧变流器控制所述直流母线电压恒定。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，其特征在于，所述对网侧变流器按照异常工况模式进行控制包括：所述变流器不再控制所述直流母线电压，并且：当所述电网电压低于正常电网电压范围的下限时，所述网侧变流器进行过励控制；以及当电网电压高于正常电网电压范围的上限时，所述网侧变流器进行欠励控制。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，其特征在于，对所述超级电容器储能装置进行boost控制，包括控制所述直流母线电压。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，其特征在于，对所述超级电容器储能装置进行boost控制，包括：
    当所述直流母线电压大于正常直流母线电压范围的上限时，使电能从直流母线的电容转移到超级电容器，从而使直流母线电压降低；以及
    当所述直流母线电压小于正常直流母线电压范围的下限时，使电能从超级电容器转移到 直流母线的所述电容，从而使直流母线电压上升。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，其特征在于，对所述超级电容器储能装置进行buck控制，包括控制所述超级电容器的电压。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，其特征在于，对所述超级电容器储能装置进行buck控制，包括：
    当超级电容器的电压大于正常超级电容器工作电压范围的上限时，使电能从超级电容器转移到直流母线的电容，使超级电容器电压下降；以及
    当超级电容器的电压小于正常正常超级电容器工作电压范围的下限时，使电能从直流母线的电容转移到超级电容器，使超级电容器电压上升。
  9. 一种提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统，包括：
    与电网连接的双馈风电机组，所述双馈风电机组包括风轮、齿轮箱、发电机、变流器及超级电容器储能装置，所述超级电容器储能装置包括DC-DC变换器和超级电容器，所述变流器包括网侧变流器、转子侧变流器及连接在所述网侧变流器和所述转子侧变流器之间的直流母线，所述超级电容器通过所述DC-DC变换器与所述直流母线电连接；以及
    集成系统协调控制器，在所述直流母线的电压超过限定值时，所述集成系统协调控制器对所述超级电容器储能装置和所述变流器按异常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制，并且，在所述电网电压恢复正常时，所述集成系统协调控制器对所述超级电容器储能装置和所述变流器按正常工况模式进行集成系统协调控制。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统，其特征在于，所述直流母线包括第一直流母线和第二直流母线，所述DC-DC变换器包括电感、第一全控开关和第二全控开关，所述电感的第一端与所述第一全控开关串联，并通过所述第一全控开关连接至所述第一直流母线，所述电感的第二端与所述超级电容器的第一电极电连接，所述超级电容器的第二电极与所述第二直流母线电连接，所述第二全控开关电连接在所述电感的第一端与所述超级电容器的第二电极之间。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统，其特征在于，所述第一全控开关包括并联的第一晶体管和第一二极管，所述第一晶体管的漏极与第一二极管的阳极连接，并连接至所述电感的第一端，所述第一晶体管的源极与该第一二极管的阴极连接，并连接至所述第一直流母线；所述第二全控开关包括并联的第二晶体管和第二二极管，所述第二晶体管的源极与所述第二二极管的阴极连接，并连接至所述电感的第一端，所述第二晶体管的漏极与所述第二二极管的阳极连接，并与所述超级电容器的第二电极电连接。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统，其特征在于，所述集成系统协调控制器包括变流器控制器和储能装置控制器。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统，其特征在于，当所述直流母线的电压超过限定值时，所述储能装置控制器进行boost控制，控制所述直流母线电压。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统，其特征在于，当所述直流母线电压大于正常直流母线电压范围的上限时，所述储能装置控制器使电能从直流母线的电容转移到超级电容器，从而使直流母线电压降低；以及
    当所述直流母线电压小于正常直流母线电压范围的下限时，所述储能装置控制器使电能从超级电容器转移到直流母线的所述电容，从而使直流母线电压上升。
  15. 如权利要求12所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统，其特征在于，当所述电网电压恢复正常时，所述储能装置控制器进行buck控制，控制所述超级电容器的电压。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制系统，其特征在于，当超级电容器的电压大于正常超级电容器工作电压范围的上限时，所述储能装置控制器使电能从超级电容器转移到直流母线的电容，使超级电容器电压下降；以及
    当超级电容器的电压小于正常正常超级电容器工作电压范围的下限时，所述储能装置控制器使电能从直流母线的电容转移到超级电容器，使超级电容器电压上升。
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