WO2017115842A1 - 肌焼鋼、浸炭部品および肌焼鋼の製造方法 - Google Patents
肌焼鋼、浸炭部品および肌焼鋼の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
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- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a case-hardened steel, carburized parts, and a method for producing case-hardened steel, and in particular, a case-hardened steel excellent in coarse grain prevention characteristics and fatigue characteristics during carburizing, a method for producing the same, and further obtained from the case-hardened steel.
- a case-hardened steel excellent in coarse grain prevention characteristics and fatigue characteristics during carburizing, a method for producing the same, and further obtained from the case-hardened steel.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-256254 filed in Japan on December 28, 2015, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Carburized parts such as gears, bearing parts, rolling parts, shafts, constant velocity joint parts, etc. are usually medium carbon machines specified in JIS G 4052, JIS G 4104, JIS G 4105, JIS G 4106, etc. It is manufactured by a method in which structural alloy steel is forged, cut into a predetermined shape by cutting, and then carburized and quenched.
- the carburizing time can be shortened by setting the carburizing temperature performed at a carburizing temperature of about 930 ° C. to a temperature range of 990 to 1090 ° C.
- a carburizing temperature of about 930 ° C.
- a temperature range of 990 to 1090 ° C. in order to shorten the carburizing time, coarse grains are generated, and fatigue characteristics such as rolling fatigue characteristics required for carburized parts may not be sufficiently obtained. is there. Therefore, there is a need for a case-hardened steel suitable for high-temperature carburizing that does not generate coarse grains even when high-temperature carburizing is performed.
- gears, bearing parts, and rolling parts to which high surface pressure is applied are often large parts.
- Such a large part is usually manufactured by hot forging a steel bar, performing heat treatment such as normalization as necessary, cutting, carburizing and quenching, tempering, and polishing as necessary.
- the hot forged member after hot forging needs to be an appropriate material that can suppress the coarse grains during carburizing.
- Patent Document 1 contains Ti: 0.05 to 0.2%, S: 0.001 to 0.15%, N: limited to less than 0.0051%, precipitation of AlN after hot rolling There is disclosed a case-hardened steel having an amount limited to 0.01% or less and excellent in coarse grain prevention characteristics and fatigue characteristics during carburizing.
- Patent Document 2 contains Ti: 0.03-0.30%, S: 0.010-0.10%, N: 0.020% or less, and the number of Ti-based sulfides.
- a case-hardened steel having a specified density is disclosed.
- the case-hardened steel disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 does not take into account the reduction in pinning force due to the coarsening of precipitates used for pinning crystal grains, and the balance between the contents of Ti and S Therefore, Ti-based precipitates used for the pinning effect may be insufficient.
- the case-hardened steel disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 when switching from hot forging to cold forging, omission of annealing performed after cold forging, high-temperature carburizing, etc., coarse grains The prevention property may be insufficient.
- gears and shafts which are the main applications of case-hardened steel, it is desired not only to reduce thermal distortion but also to further improve fatigue strength characteristics.
- This invention is made
- heat treatment distortion due to carburizing and quenching can be suppressed even if annealing before carburizing is omitted, and excellent fatigue characteristics can be obtained after carburizing and quenching.
- the case-hardened steel according to one aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition of mass%, C: 0.10 to 0.30%, Si: 0.02 to 1.50%, Mn: 0.30. To 1.80%, S: 0.003 to 0.020%, Cr: 0.40 to 2.00%, Al: 0.005 to 0.050%, Ti: 0.06 to 0.20%, Bi: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Mo: 0 to 1.50%, Ni: 0 to 3.50%, V: 0 to 0.50%, B: 0 to 0.0050%, Nb: 0 To less than 0.040%, P: 0.050% or less, N: 0.0060% or less, O: 0.0025% or less, with the balance consisting of iron and impurities, and the following formula (a) In the longitudinal section, the inspection standard area is 100 square mm, the number of inspections is 16 fields of view, and the prediction area is 30000 square mm.
- Ti in the said formula (a) is content in the mass% of Ti, and S is content in the mass% of S.
- the case-hardened steel according to the above (1) has the chemical composition of mass%, Mo: 0.02 to 1.50%, Ni: 0.10 to 3.50%, V: 0.00.
- One or more selected from the group consisting of 02 to 0.50%, B: 0.0002 to 0.0050%, Nb: more than 0%, and less than 0.040% may be contained.
- a metal structure may contain a bainite and the structure fraction of the said bainite may be 30% or less.
- the metal structure includes ferrite, and the grain size number of the ferrite is No. 8 to 11 defined in JIS G0552. There may be.
- a carburized part according to another aspect of the present invention includes the case-hardened steel according to any one of (1) to (4) above.
- the method for producing a case hardening steel according to still another aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition of mass%, C: 0.10 to 0.30%, Si: 0.02 to 1.50%, Mn : 0.30 to 1.80%, S: 0.003 to 0.020%, Cr: 0.40 to 2.00%, Al: 0.005 to 0.050%, Ti: 0.06 to 0 20%, Bi: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Mo: 0 to 1.50%, Ni: 0 to 3.50%, V: 0 to 0.50%, B: 0 to 0.0050% Nb: 0 to less than 0.040%, P: 0.050% or less, N: 0.0060% or less, O: 0.0025% or less, the balance being iron and impurities, A steel step satisfying the following formula (b) is heated at a temperature of 1150 ° C.
- the method for producing the case-hardened steel according to (6) further includes the step of cooling the wire or the steel bar at a temperature range of 800 to 500 ° C. after the hot rolling step at 1.00 ° C./sec or less. The method may include a cooling step of slowly cooling.
- the finishing temperature may be 840 to 1000 ° C. in the hot rolling step.
- the case-hardened steel according to the above aspect of the present invention has a predetermined chemical composition and the maximum diameter of the Ti-based precipitates is controlled within a predetermined range, and thus has excellent coarse grain prevention characteristics during carburizing. Therefore, according to the case hardening steel according to the above aspect of the present invention, heat treatment distortion due to carburizing and quenching can be suppressed, and excellent fatigue characteristics can be obtained after carburizing and quenching. Moreover, the carburized component according to the above aspect of the present invention has less fatigue distortion and has excellent fatigue characteristics. According to the manufacturing method of the case hardening steel which concerns on the said aspect of this invention, the case hardening steel which is excellent in the coarse grain prevention characteristic at the time of carburizing can be manufactured. The case-hardened steel obtained by this manufacturing method can suppress heat treatment distortion due to carburizing and quenching, and obtain excellent fatigue characteristics after carburizing and quenching.
- the Ti-based precipitates are finely contained in the steel material after hot rolling and cooling in the case-hardened steel manufacturing process. It is necessary to make it precipitate. For this purpose, it is necessary to precipitate the Ti-based precipitates at the phase interface during the diffusion transformation from austenite in the cooling process after hot rolling.
- bainite When bainite is generated in the structure as hot-rolled, it becomes difficult to precipitate the phase interface of Ti-based precipitates. Therefore, it is preferable to suppress the generation of bainite in the case hardening steel as much as possible.
- Optimized hot rolling conditions are effective for finely depositing Ti-based precipitates in the steel material after hot rolling and cooling. That is, it is preferable to gradually cool the precipitation temperature region of the Ti-based precipitate after hot rolling after the Ti-based precipitate is once dissolved in the matrix by increasing the heating temperature in the hot rolling. . Such heating, rolling, and cooling can suppress the generation of bainite and can generate a large amount of Ti-based precipitates and finely disperse them.
- Nb carbonitrides mainly composed of NbC are finely precipitated during carburizing of case-hardened steel, thereby further improving the coarse grain prevention characteristics.
- Nb carbonitride is added to the steel material after hot rolling and cooling in the case-hardened steel manufacturing process. It is necessary to deposit finely.
- Nb carbonitride needs to be precipitated at the phase interface during the diffusion transformation from austenite in the cooling process after hot rolling, like the Ti-based precipitate.
- the heating temperature in hot rolling is increased and the Nb carbonitrides are once dissolved in the matrix.
- the Nb carbonitride can be dispersed in a large amount and finely.
- V In carburized parts manufactured by carburizing and quenching case-hardened steel containing Ti, Ti-based precipitates are the starting points for fatigue failure, and therefore fatigue characteristics, particularly rolling fatigue characteristics, are likely to be insufficient.
- the fatigue characteristics can be improved by reducing the N content in the chemical composition of the case hardening steel, increasing the heating temperature in hot rolling, and reducing the maximum size of the Ti precipitate.
- the present invention has been made based on the above novel findings.
- case-hardened steel according to one embodiment of the present invention case-hardened steel according to the present embodiment
- carburized component according to one embodiment of the present invention the carburized component according to the present embodiment
- manufacturing method thereof will be described in detail.
- chemical composition of the case hardening steel according to the present embodiment will be described.
- “%” of the content of each element means “mass%”.
- C 0.10 to 0.30%) C is an element effective for improving the strength of steel.
- preferable tensile strength for example, about 900 MPa
- the C content exceeds 0.30%, the steel becomes hard, the cold workability deteriorates, and the toughness of the core after carburizing and quenching deteriorates. Therefore, the C content needs to be in the range of 0.10 to 0.30%.
- Si 0.02-1.50%
- Si is an element effective for deoxidation of steel.
- Si is an element effective for imparting necessary strength and hardenability to steel and improving the temper softening resistance of steel. The said effect is not fully acquired as Si content is less than 0.02%.
- the Si content exceeds 1.50%, the hardness of the steel increases and the cold forgeability deteriorates. For these reasons, the Si content needs to be in the range of 0.02 to 1.50%.
- the preferable range of the Si content is 0.02 to 0.30%. In particular, when emphasizing cold forgeability, it is more desirable to set the Si content in the range of 0.02 to 0.15%.
- Si is an effective element for increasing the grain boundary strength.
- case-hardened steel is used as a material for carburized parts such as bearing parts and rolling parts, the structure of these carburized parts in the rolling fatigue process. It is an element that is effective for extending the life by suppressing changes and material deterioration.
- the preferable range of the Si content is 0.20 to 1.50%. In particular, when the case-hardened steel is used as a material for a carburized part having a high level of rolling fatigue strength, it is more preferable that the Si content is in the range of 0.40 to 1.50%.
- the effect of suppressing the structural change and material deterioration in the rolling fatigue process of bearing parts and rolling parts by containing Si is that the amount of retained austenite (commonly known as residual ⁇ amount) in the structure after carburizing and quenching is 30. Especially large at ⁇ 40%.
- residual ⁇ amount commonly known as residual ⁇ amount
- the nitriding treatment after carburizing is suitably performed under the condition that the surface nitrogen concentration is in the range of 0.2 to 0.6%.
- the carbon potential at the time of carburizing is desirably in the range of 0.9 to 1.3%.
- Mn is an element effective for deoxidation of steel. Mn is an element effective for imparting the necessary strength and hardenability to steel. If the Mn content is less than 0.30%, the above effects cannot be obtained sufficiently. Therefore, the Mn content is set to 0.30% or more. Desirably, it is 0.50% or more. On the other hand, when the Mn content exceeds 1.80%, the effect is not only saturated, but the cold forgeability deteriorates due to an increase in the hardness of the steel. Therefore, the Mn content needs to be 1.80% or less. Desirably, it is 1.20% or less. When emphasizing the cold forgeability of steel, the Mn content is desirably in the range of 0.50 to 0.75%.
- P 0.050% or less
- P is an element that deteriorates cold forgeability by increasing deformation resistance during cold forging and degrading toughness.
- P is an element that deteriorates fatigue strength by embrittlement of grain boundaries of parts after quenching and tempering. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the P content as much as possible. However, if the P content exceeds 0.050%, the cold forgeability and fatigue strength deteriorate significantly, so the P content is made 0.050% or less. Restrict.
- the suitable range of P content is 0.015% or less.
- the P content may be 0%.
- S is an element that forms MnS in steel. Since MnS can be a starting point for bending fatigue fracture of carburized parts, it is necessary to prevent the formation of MnS. For this reason, S content shall be 0.020% or less, and it shall be the range which satisfies following formula (1) in relation to Ti content. When the S content is within the above range, S in the steel exists as a Ti-based carbon sulfide, so that excellent fatigue characteristics can be obtained after carburizing and quenching. More preferably, the S content is 0.015% or less. On the other hand, Ti-based carbon sulfide has a pinning effect that contributes to preventing the generation of coarse particles. In order to exhibit the effect, the S content needs to be 0.003% or more. Preferably it is 0.005% or more.
- Ti in the formula (1) is the content (mass%) of Ti, and S is the content (mass%) of S.)
- Cr 0.40 to 2.00%
- Cr is an element effective for improving the strength and hardenability of steel. Furthermore, Cr increases the amount of residual ⁇ after carburizing and quenching when case-hardened steel is used as a material for carburized parts such as bearing parts and rolling parts, and also causes structural changes and material deterioration during rolling fatigue. Therefore, it is an element that contributes to increasing the fatigue life of carburized parts. If the Cr content is less than 0.40%, the effect is insufficient. Therefore, the Cr content needs to be 0.40% or more. Preferably, it is 0.70% or more. On the other hand, if the Cr content exceeds 2.00%, the cold forgeability deteriorates due to an increase in the hardness of the steel. Therefore, the Cr content needs to be 2.00% or less. Preferably it is 1.60% or less.
- the effect of suppressing the structural change and material deterioration in the rolling fatigue process of bearing parts and rolling parts due to the inclusion of Cr is particularly large when the residual ⁇ content in the structure after carburizing and quenching is 30 to 40%.
- it is effective to perform the nitriding treatment under the condition that the nitrogen concentration on the surface is in the range of 0.2 to 0.6% after carburizing.
- Al is an element effective as a deoxidizer. If the Al content is less than 0.005%, the effect is insufficient. Therefore, the Al content is set to 0.005% or more. Preferably it is 0.025% or more. On the other hand, if the Al content exceeds 0.050%, a part of AlN remains without solution during heating before hot rolling performed during the manufacture of case-hardened steel, and Ti (Nb is contained) Becomes a precipitation site for precipitates of Ti and Nb). In this case, fine dispersion of Ti-based precipitates (Ti-based precipitates and Nb carbonitrides when Nb is contained) is inhibited, and crystal grains during carburization become coarse. Therefore, the Al content needs to be 0.050% or less. Preferably it is 0.040% or less.
- Ti is an element that produces Ti-based carbides such as fine TiC, TiCS, Ti 4 C 2 S 2 and Ti-based carbon sulfides in steel, and is effective for making ⁇ grains finer during carburization. It is an element. If the Ti content is less than 0.06%, the effect is insufficient, so the Ti content is set to 0.06% or more. On the other hand, when the Ti content exceeds 0.20%, precipitation hardening due to TiC becomes remarkable, and the cold workability is remarkably deteriorated. In addition, the formation of precipitates mainly composed of TiN becomes remarkable, and the rolling fatigue characteristics after carburizing and quenching deteriorate. Therefore, the Ti content needs to be 0.20% or less. Preferably it is less than 0.15%.
- Ti (C, N) When carburizing and quenching the case-hardened steel according to this embodiment or a forged member obtained by forging the case-hardened steel, solid solution Ti reacts with carbon and nitrogen that enter during carburizing, and the carburized layer is fine. TiC and TiN (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Ti (C, N)”) are precipitated in large amounts. These Ti (C, N) contributes to the improvement of the rolling fatigue life in carburized parts such as bearing parts and rolling parts obtained by carburizing and quenching the case hardening steel.
- the carbon potential during carburization should be set high within a range of 0.9 to 1.3%, or It is effective to promote the precipitation of Ti (C, N) by performing so-called carburizing and nitriding treatment.
- the carburizing and nitriding treatment is a treatment in which carburization and nitriding in the diffusion treatment process after carburizing are performed as described above, and in this nitriding treatment, the surface nitrogen concentration is in the range of 0.2 to 0.6%. The conditions to become are appropriate.
- Bi is an important element in the case hardening steel according to the present embodiment.
- a small amount of Bi is contained in the steel, sulfides are finely dispersed along with the refinement of the solidified structure (mainly dendritic structure) of the steel.
- the Bi content needs to be 0.0001% or more. Preferably it is 0.0010% or more.
- the Bi content exceeds 0.0050%, the effect of refining the solidified structure is saturated, and the hot workability of the steel deteriorates, making it difficult to perform hot rolling during the production of case-hardened steel. . Therefore, the Bi content is set to 0.0050% or less. Preferably it is 0.0040% or less.
- N (N: 0.0060% or less) N
- TiN serves as a precipitation site for TiC
- TiCS-based Ti-based precipitates NbC-based NbC and NbN (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “Nb (C, N)”)
- Ti-based precipitates and Nb (C , N) In this case, generation of coarse particles cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the above adverse effects are particularly noticeable when the N content exceeds 0.0060%.
- the N content needs to be 0.0060% or less. Preferably it is less than 0.0051%.
- the N content may be 0%.
- a preferable range of the O content is 0.0020% or less.
- oxide inclusions are the starting point for rolling fatigue failure. Therefore, the lower the O content of case-hardened steel, the longer the rolling life of the carburized parts. Therefore, when case hardening steel is used as a material for carburized parts such as bearing parts and rolling parts, it is desirable to limit the O content to 0.0012% or less.
- the O content may be 0%.
- the case-hardened steel according to the present embodiment is based on the fact that the above elements are included and the balance is made of Fe and impurities.
- one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mo, Ni, V, B, and Nb may be contained within a range described later. .
- the lower limit is 0%.
- Impurities are components that are mixed from raw materials such as ore or scrap or from various environments in the manufacturing process when industrially producing steel materials, and are allowed within a range that does not adversely affect the steel. Means what will be done.
- one or more of Mo, Ni, V, B, and Nb may be further contained in the following range as necessary.
- Mo 0.02-1.50%
- Mo is an element effective for improving the strength and hardenability of steel. Further, Mo is an element effective in increasing the residual ⁇ content in bearing parts and rolling parts obtained after carburizing and increasing the fatigue life by suppressing the structural change and material deterioration in the rolling fatigue process.
- the Mo content is preferably 0.02% or more. More preferably, it is 0.05% or more.
- the Mo content exceeds 1.50%, the machinability and cold forgeability deteriorate due to the increase in hardness.
- the Mo content is set to 1.50% or less. Preferably it is 0.50% or less.
- the effect of suppressing the structural change and material deterioration in the rolling fatigue process of bearing parts and rolling parts due to the inclusion of Mo is the same as the above effect by Cr. % Is particularly large.
- Ni is an element effective for improving the strength and hardenability of steel.
- the Ni content is preferably 0.10% or more. More preferably, it is 0.20% or more.
- the Ni content exceeds 3.50%, the machinability and cold forgeability deteriorate due to the increase in hardness. Therefore, even when it contains, Ni content is made into the range of 3.50% or less. Preferably it is 2.00% or less.
- V 0.02 to 0.50%
- V is an element effective for improving the strength and hardenability of steel.
- the V content is preferably 0.02% or more.
- V content shall be 0.50% or less of range. Preferably it is 0.20% or less.
- B is an element effective for improving the strength and hardenability of steel. Further, B has the effect of increasing the growth rate of ferrite and softening the steel as it is rolled by generating boron iron carbide in the cooling process after rolling in a steel bar or wire. Further, B has an effect of improving the grain boundary strength of the carburized material and improving the fatigue strength and impact strength as the carburized component. In order to obtain these effects, the B content is preferably 0.0002% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0005% or more. However, if the B content exceeds 0.0050%, the above effect is saturated, and there is a concern about adverse effects such as deterioration of impact strength. Therefore, even when it contains, B content is made into the range of 0.0050% or less. Preferably it is 0.0030% or less.
- Nb is an element effective in suppressing coarsening of crystal grains by forming Nb (C, N) in combination with C and N in steel during carburizing.
- Nb dissolves in the Ti-based precipitate and suppresses the coarsening of the Ti-based precipitate.
- the above-described effect due to the Nb content increases as the Nb content is increased.
- Nb causes deterioration of machinability, cold forgeability, and carburization characteristics.
- the Nb content is 0.040% or more, the hardness of the material becomes hard and the machinability and cold forgeability deteriorate. Further, since the Nb carbonitride is difficult to be dissolved by heating when the rolling material is hot-rolled, the number of finely precipitated Nb carbonitrides is reduced, and the coarse grain prevention characteristics are lowered. Therefore, even when it contains, Nb content shall be less than 0.040%.
- the preferable range of the Nb content is less than 0.030%.
- the suitable range of Nb content is less than 0.020%.
- the preferable range of Nb content is less than 0.010%. Even if the content of Nb is less than 0.030%, or less than 0.020%, and even less than 0.010%, the coarse grain prevention property is remarkable as compared with the case where Nb is not contained. To improve. Therefore, when it is desired to obtain the above effect, the content may be more than 0%.
- the Nb content is preferably adjusted according to the Ti content.
- the total content (Ti + Nb) of the Nb content and the Ti content is preferably 0.07 to 0.20%.
- the desirable range of the total content of Nb content and Ti content is more than 0.091% and 0.17% Is less than.
- the maximum diameter of Ti-based precipitates predicted by extreme value statistics exceeds 40 ⁇ m under the conditions of inspection standard area: 100 square mm, inspection number of 16 fields, and prediction area: 30000 square mm, contact fatigue characteristics are particularly high.
- the adverse effect of the Ti-based precipitate exerted becomes significant.
- the maximum diameter of the Ti-based precipitate predicted by extreme value statistics under the above conditions is set to 40 ⁇ m or less. Preferably, it is 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the method for measuring and predicting the maximum diameter of precipitates by extreme value statistics is the method described in “Metal Fatigue: Effects of Micro Defects and Inclusions” on pages 233 to 239 issued by Yokendo on March 8, 1993. by.
- What is used in the present embodiment is a two-dimensional inspection method in which the maximum precipitate observed within a certain area (predicted area: 30000 square mm) is estimated by a two-dimensional inspection. Detailed measurement procedures are described in the Examples section.
- the area to be predicted is set in consideration of the dangerous volume of general parts.
- the structure fraction (area ratio) of a bainite is 30% or less. If the bainite structure is mixed in the case-hardened steel, phase interface precipitation of Ti-based precipitates becomes difficult, which causes coarse grains to occur during carburizing. Further, it is desirable that the bainite structure in the case hardening steel is small from the viewpoint of improving cold workability. The adverse effect of the bainite structure in the case-hardened steel becomes particularly remarkable when the bainite structure fraction exceeds 30%. For the above reasons, it is preferable to limit the bainite structure fraction to 30% or less.
- the preferable range of the bainite structure fraction is 20% or less.
- the preferred range of the bainite structure fraction is 10% or less.
- the bainite structure may be 0%.
- the structure other than bainite is preferably a structure mainly composed of ferrite and pearlite.
- the crystal grain size number of ferrite contained in the metal structure is No. 8 to No. 11 defined in JIS G0552.
- the austenite grains of the case-hardened steel are excessively fine, the austenite grains are excessively refined during carburizing.
- austenite grains become excessively fine, the driving force for grain growth increases and coarse grains tend to be generated.
- the ferrite crystal grain size exceeds No. 11 defined in JIS G0552, the tendency becomes remarkable.
- the ferrite crystal grain size is less than No.
- the ferrite grain size number within the range of 8 to 11 defined in JIS G0552.
- the case-hardened steel according to this embodiment is excellent in preventing coarse grains during carburizing, it can suppress heat treatment distortion due to carburizing and quenching, and carburizing and quenching can provide a carburized part having excellent fatigue characteristics. Moreover, since the case hardening steel which concerns on this embodiment can suppress generation
- the carburized part according to the present embodiment includes the case-hardened steel according to the present embodiment.
- the carburized component according to the present embodiment is manufactured by, for example, a method in which carburized steel according to the present embodiment is forged and processed into a predetermined shape by cutting, and then carburized and quenched and tempered. In forging, cutting, and carburizing and quenching, the chemical composition and the maximum diameter of the Ti-based precipitate do not change, so the carburized component according to the present embodiment has the same chemical composition and Ti-based precipitate as the case-hardened steel according to the present embodiment. Have. However, since the carburized component according to the present embodiment is obtained through carburizing and quenching, it differs from the case hardening steel in that a carburized and quenched layer is provided on the surface.
- case-hardening steel manufacturing method is not limited to the following manufacturing conditions as long as a case-hardening steel satisfying the scope of this embodiment can be obtained. .
- ⁇ Melting process, casting process, and ingot rolling process> The steel having the above-described chemical composition is melted by a normal method such as a converter or an electric furnace (melting process) and cast to obtain a slab having the above-described chemical composition (casting process). Then, if necessary, the partial rolling is performed (the partial rolling process) to obtain a rolled material for hot rolling to a wire or a steel bar.
- the size of the slab, the cooling rate during solidification, and the ingot rolling conditions need not be particularly limited.
- the rolled material having the above chemical composition is heated at a temperature of 1150 ° C. or higher for a holding time of 10 minutes or longer (heating process), and the heated rolled material is converted into a wire or Hot-rolled into steel bars (hot rolling process).
- the hot rolling when the heating temperature is 1150 ° C. or more and the holding time is 10 minutes or more, the Ti-based precipitate can be sufficiently dissolved in the matrix.
- the heating temperature before hot rolling is less than 1150 ° C. and / or the holding time is less than 10 minutes, Ti-based precipitates, AlN (if Nb is contained, Ti-based precipitates, Nb precipitation) Product, AlN) cannot be sufficiently dissolved in the matrix.
- the coarse Ti-based precipitates once generated in the casting process remain undissolved, and Ti-based precipitates (Ti-based precipitates in the case of containing Nb) And Nb-based precipitates) cannot be finely precipitated.
- the Ti-based precipitates remaining undissolved in the heating process before hot rolling are coarsened by Ostwald growth.
- the steel material after hot rolling and cooling contains coarse Ti-based precipitates and AlN (in the case of containing Nb, coarse Ti-based precipitates, Nb-based precipitates, AlN). . In this case, generation of coarse particles during carburization cannot be suppressed. Therefore, during hot rolling, it is preferable to heat at a temperature of 1150 ° C.
- a suitable range of heating conditions in the hot rolling is a temperature of 1180 ° C. or higher and a holding time of 10 minutes or longer.
- the upper limit of heating temperature and holding time may be set to 1300 ° C. and the upper limit of holding time may be set to 60 minutes in consideration of equipment restrictions and productivity.
- the hot rolling finishing temperature (finish rolling temperature) is preferably 840 to 1000 ° C.
- the hot rolling finishing temperature is preferably 840 to 1000 ° C.
- steel having a ferrite grain size number of 8 to 11 as defined in JIS G0552 can be obtained.
- the finishing temperature is less than 840 ° C.
- the ferrite crystal grain size becomes excessively fine, and coarse grains are likely to be generated during carburizing.
- the finishing temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., the ferrite becomes coarse, the hardness of the steel material after hot rolling and cooling becomes hard, and the cold forgeability deteriorates.
- it is preferable to set the finishing temperature of hot rolling to 840 to 1000 ° C.
- the finishing temperature is preferably 920 to 1000 ° C.
- the temperature is preferably 840 to 920 ° C.
- the steel After hot rolling, the steel is cooled (cooling step).
- the bainite has a structure fraction of 30% or less, and a steel that is further excellent in coarse grain prevention characteristics during carburization can be obtained.
- the cooling rate in the above temperature range exceeds 1.00 ° C./second, there is a concern that the structure fraction of bainite increases and exceeds 30%.
- the cooling rate in the said temperature range is large, the hardness of the steel materials after hot-rolling and cooling will raise, and cold forgeability will deteriorate. For this reason, it is desirable to make the cooling rate in the above temperature range as small as possible.
- a preferable range of the cooling rate in the above temperature range is 0.70 ° C./second or less.
- the cooling rate of 800 to 500 ° C. may exceed 1.00 ° C./sec when air-cooled after hot rolling, so control is performed so that the cooling rate is reduced. It is preferable.
- a method for reducing the cooling rate for example, there is a method in which a heat insulating cover or a heat insulating cover with a heat source is installed behind the hot rolling line and the steel material after hot rolling is gradually cooled by the heat insulating cover.
- ⁇ Spheroidizing annealing process> You may perform spheroidizing annealing as needed with respect to the steel materials ((wire or steel bar): case-hardened steel) after a cooling process. By performing spheroidizing annealing, the steel material is softened and the load during cold forging can be reduced.
- the case hardening steel which concerns on this embodiment is obtained.
- This case-hardened steel is suitable as a material for carburized parts.
- the carburized component according to the present embodiment can be manufactured by a method in which the case-hardened steel according to the present embodiment is forged and processed into a predetermined shape by cutting and then carburized and quenched.
- carburizing and quenching may be performed after hot forging, or carburizing and quenching may be performed after cold forging.
- case-hardened steel for example, case-hardened steel (wire or bar) is hot-forged and, if necessary, normalizing (normalizing), etc. It can be manufactured by performing heat treatment, cutting, carburizing and quenching, tempering, and polishing if necessary. Specifically, for example, hot forging can be performed at a heating temperature of 1150 ° C. or higher.
- the conditions for carburizing and quenching are not particularly limited. For example, high-temperature carburizing such that the carburizing temperature is in a temperature range of 950 ° C. to 1090 ° C. can be performed.
- the carbon potential at the time of carburizing may be set higher within a range of 0.9 to 1.3%.
- the condition that the surface nitrogen concentration is in the range of 0.2 to 0.6% is appropriate.
- a steel having the composition shown in Table 1 is melted in a converter, continuously cast into a slab, and subjected to partial rolling as necessary, and a 162 mm square (cross section 162 mm ⁇ 162 mm) rolling material (steel slab) ). Subsequently, the steel slab was heated at a heating temperature shown in Table 2 with a holding time of 10 minutes or longer, hot-rolled at the finishing temperature of hot rolling shown in Table 2, and 800-500 ° C. after the hot rolling. The steel was cooled at a cooling rate shown in Table 2 to produce a steel bar having a diameter of 24 to 30 mm.
- Boinite structure fraction Each bar (hardened steel) was cut (crossed) in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction, and a sample was taken. After the obtained sample was embedded in resin, the cut surface (observation surface) was polished. The observation surface after polishing was corroded with nital to reveal the microstructure, and the bainite structure in the microstructure was specified. Furthermore, on the observation surface, the area ratio of the bainite structure was determined and used as the bainite structure fraction (%). The structure other than bainite was ferrite or ferrite and pearlite.
- Maximum diameter of Ti-based precipitates Prediction of the maximum diameter of Ti-based precipitates by extreme value statistics was performed by the following method. Whether or not the precipitate is Ti-based was determined from the difference in contrast in the optical microscope. The validity of the discrimination method based on the difference in contrast was confirmed in advance with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Test pieces were collected from each steel bar (skin-hardened steel), and an area having an inspection reference area of 100 square mm (10 mm ⁇ 10 mm region) was prepared for 16 fields of view in the longitudinal section of the steel bar. And the largest deposit of Ti system deposit in each inspection standard area 100 square mm was detected, and this was photographed 1000 times with the optical microscope.
- each inspection reference area of 100 square mm was repeated 16 times (that is, the number of inspections of 16 fields).
- the diameter of the largest deposit in each inspection reference area was measured from the obtained photograph.
- the precipitate was elliptical, the geometric mean of the major axis and the minor axis was determined and used as the diameter of the precipitate.
- the 16 data of the diameters of the obtained maximum precipitates were plotted on the extreme probability sheet by the method described on pages 233 to 239 of “Effects of metal fatigue and micro defects and inclusions” published by Yokendo. Obtain the maximum precipitate distribution line (linear function of maximum precipitate diameter and extreme statistical standardization variable) and extrapolate the maximum precipitate distribution line to predict the area: the maximum precipitate diameter at 30000 square mm Predicted.
- Vickers hardness HV
- HV Vane hardness test-test method
- the Vickers hardness at a load of 10 kg is measured for a portion having a depth of 1 ⁇ 4 from the surface with respect to the observation surface after polishing. The measurement was made 5 times in total, and the average value was defined as Vickers hardness. If the Vickers hardness was 230 HV or less, it was judged that the cold forgeability was excellent.
- Carburization simulation For each steel bar (skin-hardened steel), after performing spheroidizing annealing, an upsetting test piece was prepared, and after upsetting at a rolling reduction of 50%, carburization simulation was performed under the following conditions. In the carburizing simulation, three heating temperatures of 1000 ° C., 1050 ° C., and 1100 ° C. were used, and at any heating temperature, after heating for 5 hours, water cooling was performed. The cut surface of each test piece after the carburizing simulation was polished and then corroded, and the grain size of the austenite was observed to determine the crystal grain coarsening temperature (coarse grain generation temperature).
- the prior austenite grain size was measured in accordance with JIS G 0551, observed at 400 magnifications for about 10 fields of view, and if any coarse grain having a grain size number of 5 or less was present, it was determined that coarse grains were generated. And it was determined that the crystal grain coarsening temperature was higher than 1100 ° C., and the coarse grain prevention characteristics were good, and those having a grain size of 1100 ° C. or lower were judged to be inferior in the coarse grain prevention characteristics. Table 2 shows the crystal grain coarsening temperature.
- each bar steel (skin-hardened steel) was cold forged at a reduction ratio of 50%, and a cylindrical rolling fatigue test piece having a diameter of 12.2 mm and an Ono rotary bending test piece having a parallel part diameter of 9 mm. (With a notch of R1.14) was prepared and carburized at 1050 ° C. for 5 hours under the condition of a carbon potential of 0.8%. The temperature of the quenching oil was 130 ° C., and tempering was performed at 180 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the gamma (austenite) particle size of the carburized layer was investigated by the method shown below. Samples were collected by cutting (crossing) the parallel part of the Ono rotary bending after carburizing and tempering in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction. After the obtained sample was embedded in resin, the cut surface (observation surface) was polished. Corrosion that reveals austenite grains was performed on the observation surface after polishing, and the austenite grain size was measured in a visual field centered at a position 200 ⁇ m deep from the surface in accordance with the provisions of JIS G0551.
- L10 life defined as “the number of stress repetitions until fatigue failure at a cumulative failure probability of 10% obtained by plotting test results on Weibull probability paper” was used as a measure of fatigue life of rolling fatigue characteristics.
- the rolling fatigue life is No. which is a comparative steel. The relative value of the L10 life of each material when the L10 life of 17 is taken as 1 is shown.
- the grain coarsening temperature of the steels of the present invention (Nos. 1-12, 22, 23) is over 1100 ° C, and the ⁇ grain size of the 1050 ° C carburized material is also a grain size number of 7 or more. It was fine and the results of rolling fatigue life and rotary bending fatigue test were also good.
- No. which is a comparative steel Since No. 13 did not contain Bi, the crystal grain coarsening temperature was lower than that of the steel of the present invention. Moreover, No. which is a comparative steel. No. 14, since the Bi content exceeded the upper limit specified in the present invention, there was an initial crack presumed to have occurred during hot rolling, and the results of rolling fatigue life and rotational bending fatigue test were It was inferior to the present invention steel.
- No. is a comparative steel.
- No. 15 had a large S content and did not satisfy the formula (1). Therefore, fatigue failure starting from MnS occurred, and the results of rolling fatigue life and rotational bending fatigue test were inferior to those of the steel of the present invention. It was. No. In No. 15, precipitates of Ti carbonitride that are effective in preventing coarsening due to a large amount of Ti-based sulfide were not sufficiently obtained, and the crystal grain coarsening temperature was lower than that of the steel of the present invention.
- No. is a comparative steel. No. 18 was inferior in rolling fatigue characteristics and rotational bending fatigue characteristics to the steel of the present invention due to the large N content and the generation of coarse TiN. Furthermore, no. In No. 18, since the precipitation of fine Ti-based carbonitrides effective for preventing coarse grains decreased due to the formation of coarse TiN, the grain coarsening temperature was lower than that of the steel of the present invention.
- No. is a comparative steel.
- No. 19 since the heating temperature before rolling was low, coarse Ti-based precipitates generated in the casting process remained undissolved and further coarsened in the heating process. Therefore, rolling fatigue characteristics and rotational bending fatigue characteristics were inferior to the steels of the present invention. Moreover, as a result of the reduction of fine Ti-based carbonitride precipitates effective for preventing coarse grains, the grain coarsening temperature was inferior to that of the steel of the present invention.
- No. is a comparative steel.
- No. 20 had a high N content and produced coarse TiN, and its rolling fatigue characteristics were inferior to that of the steel of the present invention.
- No. is a comparative steel. Since No. 21 had a high Nb content, the carburizing property was lowered, and a sufficient carbon concentration could not be obtained. As a result, the strength was insufficient, and the results of the rolling fatigue life and the rotating bending fatigue test were inferior to the steel of the present invention.
- the case-hardened steel of the present invention has a predetermined chemical composition, and is excellent in coarse grain prevention characteristics during carburizing because the maximum diameter of the Ti-based precipitate is controlled within a predetermined range. Therefore, according to the case hardening steel of this invention, while being able to suppress the heat processing distortion by carburizing quenching, the fatigue characteristic outstanding after carburizing quenching is acquired. Moreover, the carburized part manufactured by carburizing and quenching the case-hardened steel of the present invention has less heat treatment distortion and has excellent fatigue characteristics. According to the manufacturing method of the case hardening steel of this invention, the case hardening steel excellent in the coarse grain prevention characteristic at the time of carburizing can be manufactured. This case-hardened steel can suppress heat treatment distortion due to carburizing and quenching, and provides excellent fatigue characteristics after carburizing and quenching. For this reason, the industrial effect of the present invention is extremely remarkable.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2015年12月28日に、日本に出願された特願2015-256254号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
浸炭部品の熱処理歪みの最大の原因は、浸炭時に発生する粗大粒である。従来、粗大粒の発生を抑制するために、冷間鍛造後、浸炭焼入れの前に、焼鈍が行われていた。しかし、近年、コスト削減の視点から、焼鈍省略の指向が強まっている。そのため、浸炭焼入れ前の焼鈍を省略しても浸炭時に粗大粒を生じない鋼材が強く求められている。
また、特許文献2には、Ti:0.03~0.30%、S:0.010~0.10%を含有し、N:0.020%以下に制限し、Ti系硫化物の個数密度を規定した肌焼鋼が開示されている。
しかしながら、特許文献1、2に開示された肌焼鋼は、結晶粒のピン止めに用いる析出物の粗大化によるピン止め力の低下や、TiとSとの含有量のバランスが考慮されていないので、ピン止め効果に使用するTi系析出物が不足する可能性がある。その結果、特許文献1、2に開示された肌焼鋼では、熱間鍛造から冷間鍛造への切り換え、冷間鍛造後に行っていた焼鈍の省略、高温浸炭化等を行った場合、粗大粒防止特性が不足する可能性がある。また、肌焼鋼の用途として主要な歯車、シャフトにおいては、熱歪の低減だけでなく、さらなる疲労強度特性の向上が望まれている。
Ti/S≧6.0 式(a)
ここで、前記式(a)中のTiは、Tiの質量%での含有量であり、Sは、Sの質量%での含有量である。
(2)上記(1)に記載の肌焼鋼は、前記化学組成が、質量%で、Mo:0.02~1.50%、Ni:0.10~3.50%、V:0.02~0.50%、B:0.0002~0.0050%、Nb:0%超、0.040%未満、からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上を含有してもよい。
(3)上記(1)または(2)に記載の肌焼鋼は、金属組織がベイナイトを含み、前記ベイナイトの組織分率が30%以下であってもよい。
(4)上記(1)~(3)のいずれか一項に記載の肌焼鋼は、金属組織がフェライトを含み、前記フェライトの結晶粒度番号がJIS G0552で規定されている8~11番であってもよい。
(5)本発明の別の態様に係る浸炭部品は、上記(1)~(4)のいずれか一項に記載の肌焼鋼を備える。
(6)本発明のさらに別の態様に係る肌焼鋼の製造方法は、化学組成が質量%で、C:0.10~0.30%、Si:0.02~1.50%、Mn:0.30~1.80%、S:0.003~0.020%、Cr:0.40~2.00%、Al:0.005~0.050%、Ti:0.06~0.20%、Bi:0.0001~0.0050%、Mo:0~1.50%、Ni:0~3.50%、V:0~0.50%、B:0~0.0050%、Nb:0~0.040%未満、を含有し、P:0.050%以下、N:0.0060%以下、O:0.0025%以下に制限し、残部が鉄および不純物からなり、下記式(b)を満たす鋼を、1150℃以上の温度で保持時間10分以上加熱する加熱工程と、前記鋼を線材または棒鋼に熱間圧延する熱間圧延工程と、を含む。
Ti/S≧6.0 式(b)
ここで、前記式(b)中のTiは、Tiの含有量(質量%)であり、Sは、Sの含有量(質量%)である。
(7)上記(6)に記載の肌焼鋼の製造方法は、さらに、前記線材または棒鋼を、前記熱間圧延工程後に800~500℃の温度範囲を1.00℃/秒以下の冷却速度で徐冷する冷却工程を含んでもよい。
(8)上記(6)または(7)に記載の肌焼鋼の製造方法は前記熱間圧延工程において、仕上げ温度を840~1000℃としてもよい。
本発明の上記態様に係る肌焼鋼の製造方法によれば、浸炭時の粗大粒防止特性に優れる肌焼鋼を製造できる。この製造方法によって得られる肌焼鋼は、浸炭焼入れによる熱処理歪みを抑制できるとともに、浸炭焼入れ後に優れた疲労特性が得られる。
(i)従来、肌焼鋼の浸炭時に曲げ疲労破壊の起点となるMnSが晶出し、肌焼鋼を浸炭焼入れした後に十分な疲労特性が得られない場合があった。これに対し、従来の技術では考慮していなかった肌焼鋼中のS含有量とTi含有量との関係を適正化(Ti/S≧6.0)することで、肌焼鋼の浸炭時に、曲げ疲労特性を低下させる圧延方向に延伸して粗大化するMnSではなく、微細なTi系の炭硫化物を生成させることができる。粗大化したMnSではなく、微細なTi系炭硫化物を生成させることで、肌焼鋼を浸炭焼入れした後に優れた疲労特性が得られる。
熱間圧延して冷却した後の鋼材中にNbの炭窒化物を微細に析出させるには、熱間圧延における加熱温度を高温にしてNbの炭窒化物を一旦マトリックス中に固溶させた上で、Nbの炭窒化物の析出温度域を徐冷することが好ましい。このような加熱、圧延、冷却により、Nbの炭窒化物を多量にかつ微細に分散させることができる。熱間圧延ままの組織にベイナイトが生成すると、Nbの炭窒化物の相界面析出が困難になるため、ベイナイトの生成をなるべく抑制することが好ましい。
以下、本発明の一実施形態に係る肌焼鋼(本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼)、本発明の一実施形態に係る浸炭部品(本実施形態に係る浸炭部品)およびそれらの製造方法について詳細に説明する。
まず、本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼の化学組成について説明する。断りがない限り、各元素の含有量の「%」は「質量%」を意味する。
Cは、鋼の強度向上に有効な元素である。C含有量が0.10%未満であると、浸炭焼入れ、焼戻しの後に好ましい引張強さ(例えば900MPa程度)を確保できない。一方、C含有量が0.30%を越えると、鋼が硬くなって、冷間加工性が劣化するとともに、浸炭焼入れ後の芯部の靭性が劣化する。したがって、C含有量は0.10~0.30%の範囲内にする必要がある。
Siは、鋼の脱酸に有効な元素である。また、Siは鋼に必要な強度、焼入れ性を与え、かつ、鋼の焼戻し軟化抵抗を向上するのに有効な元素である。Si含有量が0.02%未満であると、上記効果が十分に得られない。一方、Si含有量が1.50%を越えると、鋼の硬さが上昇して、冷間鍛造性が劣化する。以上の理由から、Si含有量を0.02~1.50%の範囲内にする必要がある。
また、Siは粒界強度の増加に有効な元素であり、肌焼鋼が軸受部品、転動部品などの浸炭部品の素材として用いられる場合には、これら浸炭部品の転動疲労過程での組織変化および材質劣化の抑制による高寿命化に有効な元素である。Si含有による高強度化を指向する場合には、Si含有量の好適範囲は0.20~1.50%である。特に、肌焼鋼が高いレベルの転動疲労強度を有する浸炭部品の素材として用いられる場合には、Si含有量を0.40~1.50%の範囲にするのがより望ましい。
Mnは、鋼の脱酸に有効な元素である。また、Mnは、鋼に必要な強度、焼入れ性を与えるのに有効な元素である。Mn含有量が0.30%未満では、上記効果が十分に得られない。そのため、Mn含有量を0.30%以上とする。望ましくは0.50%以上である。一方、Mn含有量が1.80%を越えると、その効果は飽和するだけでなく、鋼の硬さの上昇により冷間鍛造性が劣化する。そのため、Mn含有量を1.80%以下にする必要がある。望ましくは1.20%以下である。鋼の冷間鍛造性を重視する場合には、Mn含有量を0.50~0.75%の範囲にするのが望ましい。
Pは、冷間鍛造時の変形抵抗を高め、靭性を劣化させることで、冷間鍛造性を劣化させる元素である。また、Pは、焼入れ、焼戻し後の部品の結晶粒界を脆化させることによって、疲労強度を劣化させる元素である。したがって、P含有量は、できるだけ低減することが望ましいが、P含有量が0.050%を超えると冷間鍛造性及び疲労強度の劣化が著しくなるので、P含有量を0.050%以下に制限する。P含有量の好適範囲は0.015%以下である。P含有量は0%でもよい。
Sは、鋼中でMnSを形成する元素である。MnSは、浸炭部品の曲げ疲労破壊の起点となりうるので、MnSの生成を防止する必要がある。このため、S含有量を0.020%以下とし、かつTi含有量との関係において、下記式(1)を満たす範囲とする。S含有量が上記範囲内であると、鋼中のSがTi系炭硫化物として存在するので、浸炭焼入れ後に優れた疲労特性が得られる。より好ましくは、S含有量は0.015%以下である。一方、Ti系炭硫化物は、粗大粒発生防止に寄与するピン止め効果を有する。その効果を発現するためには、S含有量を0.003%以上とする必要がある。好ましくは0.005%以上である。
(式(1)中のTiは、Tiの含有量(質量%)であり、Sは、Sの含有量(質量%)である。)
Crは、鋼の強度、焼入れ性を向上させるのに有効な元素である。さらにCrは、肌焼鋼が軸受部品、転動部品などの浸炭部品の素材として用いられる場合に、浸炭焼入れした後の残留γ量を増大させるとともに、転動疲労過程での組織変化および材質劣化を抑制するので、浸炭部品の高疲労寿命化に寄与する元素である。Cr含有量が0.40%未満ではその効果は不十分である。そのため、Cr含有量を0.40%以上にする必要がある。好ましくは、0.70%以上である。一方、Cr含有量が2.00%を越えると、鋼の硬さの上昇により冷間鍛造性が劣化する。そのため、Cr含有量を2.00%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは1.60%以下である。
Alは脱酸剤として有効な元素である。Al含有量が0.005%未満であると、その効果は不十分である。そのため、Al含有量を0.005%以上とする。好ましくは0.025%以上である。一方、Al含有量が0.050%を越えると、肌焼鋼の製造時に行う熱間圧延前の加熱の際に一部のAlNが溶体化せずに残存し、Ti(Nbを含有する場合にはTiおよびNb)の析出物の析出サイトとなる。この場合、Ti系析出物(Nbを含有する場合にはTi系析出物およびNbの炭窒化物)の微細分散が阻害され、浸炭時の結晶粒が粗大化する。そのため、Al含有量を0.050%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは0.040%以下である。
Tiは、鋼中で微細なTiC、TiCS、Ti4C2S2などのTi系炭化物、Ti系炭硫化物を生成させる元素であり、浸炭時のγ粒の微細化を図るために有効な元素である。Ti含有量が0.06%未満では、その効果は不十分であるので、Ti含有量を0.06%以上とする。一方、Ti含有量が0.20%を超えると、TiCによる析出硬化が顕著になり、冷間加工性が顕著に劣化する。また、TiN主体の析出物の生成が顕著となり、浸炭焼入れ後の転動疲労特性が劣化する。そのため、Ti含有量を0.20%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは0.15%未満である。
Biは、本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼において重要な元素である。鋼中に微量のBiを含有すると、鋼の凝固組織(主にデンドライト組織)の微細化に伴い、硫化物が微細に分散する。さらに、鋼中に微量のBiを含有させることにより、結晶粒の粗大化を抑制するTi系析出物等の析出物が浸炭時に成長して粗大化することを抑制できる。上記の効果を得るには、Bi含有量を0.0001%以上とする必要がある。好ましくは0.0010%以上である。一方、Bi含有量が0.0050%を超えると、凝固組織微細化効果が飽和し、かつ鋼の熱間加工性が劣化して肌焼鋼の製造時に行う熱間圧延の実施が困難となる。これらのことから、Bi含有量を0.0050%以下とする。好ましくは0.0040%以下である。
Nは、鋼中のTiと結びつくと、結晶粒の粗大化防止にほとんど寄与しない粗大なTiNを生成する。TiNは、TiC、TiCS主体のTi系析出物、NbC主体のNbCおよびNbN(以下、「Nb(C、N)」と記す場合がある。)の析出サイトとなり、Ti系析出物およびNb(C、N)の微細析出を阻害する。この場合、粗大粒の発生を十分に抑制できない。上記の悪影響は、N含有量が0.0060%を超える場合に特に顕著である。以上の理由から、N含有量を0.0060%以下にする必要がある。好ましくは0.0051%未満である。N含有量は0%でもよい。
本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼のような高Ti鋼(Tiを多く含有する鋼)では、鋼中のOはTi系の酸化物系介在物を形成する。Ti系の酸化物系介在物は、TiCの析出サイトになるので、Ti系の酸化物系介在物が鋼中に多量に存在すると、肌焼鋼の製造における熱間圧延時にTiCが粗大に析出する。この場合、浸炭時に結晶粒の粗大化を抑制できなくなる。そのため、O含有量はできるだけ低減することが望ましい。O含有量が0.0025%超であると上記の悪影響が著しくなるので、O含有量を0.0025%以下に制限する必要がある。O含有量の好適範囲は0.0020%以下である。軸受部品、転動部品などの浸炭部品においては、酸化物系介在物が転動疲労破壊の起点となるので、肌焼鋼のO含有量が低いほど浸炭部品の転動寿命が向上する。そのため、肌焼鋼が軸受部品、転動部品などの浸炭部品の素材として用いられる場合、O含有量を0.0012%以下に制限するのが望ましい。O含有量は0%でもよい。
また、不純物とは、鋼材を工業的に製造する際に、鉱石若しくはスクラップ等のような原料から、又は製造工程の種々の環境から混入する成分であって、鋼に悪影響を与えない範囲で許容されるものを意味する。
Moは、鋼の強度、焼入れ性を向上させるのに有効な元素である。さらにMoは、浸炭後に得られる軸受部品、転動部品において、残留γ量を増大させるとともに、転動疲労過程での組織変化及び材質劣化の抑制による高疲労寿命化に有効な元素である。これらの効果を得る場合、Mo含有量を0.02%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.05%以上である。ただし、Mo含有量が1.50%を越えると、硬さの上昇により切削性、冷間鍛造性が劣化する。以上の理由から、Moを含有させる場合でも、Mo含有量を1.50%以下の範囲内にする。好ましくは0.50%以下である。
Moの含有による軸受部品、転動部品の転動疲労過程での組織変化および材質劣化の抑制効果は、Crによる上記効果と同様に、浸炭焼入れした後の組織中の残留γ量が30~40%の時に特に大きい。
Niは、鋼の強度、焼入れ性を向上させるのに有効な元素である。その効果を得る場合、Ni含有量を0.10%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.20%以上である。一方、Ni含有量が3.50%を越えると、硬さの上昇により切削性、冷間鍛造性が劣化する。そのため、含有させる場合でも、Ni含有量を3.50%以下の範囲内にする。好ましくは2.00%以下である。
Vは、鋼の強度、焼入れ性を向上させるのに有効な元素である。その効果を得る場合、V含有量を0.02%以上とすることが好ましい。ただし、V含有量が0.50%を越えると、硬さの上昇により切削性、冷間鍛造性が劣化する。そのため、含有させる場合でもV含有量を0.50%以下の範囲内にする。好ましくは0.20%以下である。
Bは、鋼の強度、焼入れ性を向上させるのに有効な元素である。また、Bは、棒鋼や線材において、圧延後の冷却過程でボロン鉄炭化物を生成することにより、フェライトの成長速度を増加させ、圧延ままの鋼を軟質化させる効果を有する。さらにBは、浸炭材の粒界強度を向上させて、浸炭部品としての疲労強度及び衝撃強度を向上させる効果も有する。それらの効果を得る場合、B含有量を0.0002%以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.0005%以上である。しかしながら、B含有量が0.0050%を超えると、上記の効果は飽和し、かえって衝撃強度が劣化する等の悪影響が懸念される。したがって、含有させる場合でもB含有量を0.0050%以下の範囲内にする。好ましくは0.0030%以下である。
Nbは、浸炭時に鋼中のC、Nと結びついてNb(C、N)を形成し、結晶粒の粗大化抑制に有効な元素である。Nbを含有させることにより、Ti系析出物による粗大粒防止効果が一層大きくなる。これは、Ti系析出物にNbが固溶し、Ti系析出物の粗大化を抑制するためである。Nb含有による上記効果は、Nb含有量を増加させることに伴って増大する。一方でNbは、切削性や冷間鍛造性の劣化、浸炭特性の劣化を引き起こす。特に、Nbの含有量が0.040%以上であると、素材の硬さが硬くなって切削性、冷間鍛造性が劣化する。また、圧延素材を熱間圧延する際の加熱によりNbの炭窒化物を固溶させにくくなるので、微細に析出するNbの炭窒化物の個数が減少し、粗大粒防止特性が低下する。そのため、含有させる場合でもNb含有量は0.040%未満とする。切削性、冷間鍛造性等の加工性を重視する場合、Nb含有量の好適範囲は0.030%未満である。また、加工性に加えて、浸炭性を重視する場合、Nb含有量の好適範囲は0.020%未満である。さらに、特別に浸炭性を重視する場合、Nb含有量の好適範囲は0.010%未満である。
Nbは、その含有量が0.030%未満、あるいは0.020%未満、さらには0.010%未満といった微量であっても、Nbを含有しない場合に比較して、粗大粒防止特性を顕著に向上させる。そのため、上記効果を得たい場合、含有量を0%超とすればよい。
(極値統計により予測されるTi系析出物の最大直径:40μm以下)
本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼は、長手方向断面において、検査基準面積:100平方mm、検査数:16視野、予測を行う面積:30000平方mmの条件で極値統計により予測されるTi系析出物の最大直径を40μm以下とする。
本実施形態で対象とする肌焼鋼から得られる浸炭部品の要求特性の一つとして、転動疲労特性や面疲労強度のような接触疲労強度の向上が挙げられる。肌焼鋼中に粗大なTi系析出物が存在すると、これを浸炭焼入れして製造した浸炭部品における接触疲労破壊の起点となり、疲労特性が劣化する。
本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼は、ベイナイトの組織分率(面積率)が30%以下であることが好ましい。肌焼鋼にベイナイト組織が混入していると、Ti系析出物の相界面析出が困難になり、浸炭時に粗大粒が発生する原因となる。また、肌焼鋼中のベイナイト組織は、冷間加工性改善の視点からも少ないことが望ましい。肌焼鋼中のベイナイト組織による悪影響は、ベイナイトの組織分率が30%を超えると特に顕著になる。以上の理由から、ベイナイトの組織分率を30%以下に制限することが好ましい。肌焼鋼が高温浸炭されるものである場合など、浸炭時の粗大粒防止に対して浸炭条件が厳しい場合、ベイナイトの組織分率の好適範囲は20%以下である。また、肌焼鋼が冷間鍛造されるものである場合など、浸炭時の粗大粒防止に対してさらに浸炭条件が厳しい場合、ベイナイトの組織分率の好適範囲は10%以下である。ベイナイト組織は0%でもよい。ベイナイト以外の組織は、フェライトとパーライトとを主体とする組織であることが好ましい。
本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼は、金属組織に含まれるフェライトの結晶粒度番号がJIS G0552で規定されている8~11番であることが好ましい。肌焼鋼のフェライト粒が過度に微細であると、浸炭時にオーステナイト粒が過度に微細化する。オーステナイト粒が過度に微細になると、粒成長のための駆動力が高まり、粗大粒が生成しやすくなる。特に、フェライト結晶粒度がJIS G0552で規定されている11番を超えると、その傾向が顕著になる。一方、フェライト結晶粒度がJIS G0552で規定されている8番未満であると、フェライトが粗粒であるため、延性が劣化し、冷間鍛造性が劣化する。以上の理由から、フェライト結晶粒度番号をJIS G0552で規定されている8~11番の範囲内にすることが好ましい。
以下に説明する製造方法は一例であり、本実施形態の範囲を満たす肌焼鋼が得られるのであれば、本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼の製造方法は下記の製造条件に限られるものではない。
転炉、電気炉等の通常の方法によって上述した化学組成の鋼を溶製し(溶製工程)、鋳造することにより上記の化学組成の鋳片とする(鋳造工程)。その後、必要に応じて分塊圧延を行い(分塊圧延工程)、線材または棒鋼に熱間圧延するための圧延素材を得る。鋳片のサイズ、凝固時の冷却速度、分塊圧延条件については、特に限定する必要はない。
次に、上記の化学組成を有する圧延素材を、以下に示す条件で、加熱し、線材または棒鋼に熱間圧延し、冷却して肌焼鋼を得る。
熱間圧延前の加熱温度が1150℃未満である、および/または保持時間が10分未満であると、Ti系析出物、AlN(Nbを含有する場合には、Ti系析出物、Nbの析出物、AlN)をマトリックス中に十分に固溶させることができない。その結果、熱間圧延して冷却した後の鋼材においても鋳造工程で一旦生成した粗大なTi系析出物が溶け残ったままとなり、Ti系析出物(Nbを含有する場合には、Ti系析出物およびNb系析出物)を微細に析出させることができない。さらに、熱間圧延前の加熱工程で溶け残ったTi系析出物がオストワルド成長によって粗大化が進行する。その結果、熱間圧延及び冷却を行った後の鋼材に、粗大なTi系析出物およびAlN(Nbを含有する場合には、粗大なTi系析出物、Nb系析出物、AlN)が存在する。この場合、浸炭時における粗大粒の発生を抑制できない。そのため、熱間圧延に際して、1150℃以上の温度で保持時間10分以上加熱することが好ましい。熱間圧延における加熱条件の好適範囲は1180℃以上の温度で保持時間10分以上である。加熱温度、保持時間の上限を限定する必要はないが、設備制約や生産性を考慮し、加熱温度の上限を1300℃、保持時間の上限を60分としても構わない。
熱間圧延の仕上げ温度(仕上げ圧延温度)は840~1000℃とすることが好ましい。熱間圧延の仕上げ温度を上記範囲とすることにより、フェライト結晶粒度番号がJIS G0552で規定されている8~11番である鋼が得られる。
仕上げ温度が840℃未満であると、フェライト結晶粒度が過度に微細になりすぎて、浸炭時に粗大粒が発生しやすくなる。一方、仕上げ温度が1000℃を超えると、フェライトが粗粒となり、熱間圧延して冷却した後の鋼材の硬さが硬くなって、冷間鍛造性が劣化する。以上の理由から、熱間圧延の仕上げ温度を840~1000℃とすることが好ましい。鋼材の軟質化のためには、仕上げ温度は、920~1000℃が好ましい。一方、肌焼鋼が冷間鍛造されるものであって、冷間鍛造後、浸炭焼入れの前に、焼鈍を行わない場合には、840~920℃であることが好ましい。
熱間圧延後、鋼を冷却する(冷却工程)。本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼の製造においては、熱間圧延後に800~500℃の温度範囲を1.00℃/秒以下の冷却速度(平均冷却速度)で徐冷することが好ましい。熱間圧延後に上記の冷却条件で冷却することにより、Ti系析出物の析出温度域の通過時間が十分に確保されるので、微細なTi系析出物の分散が促進される。また、上記の冷却条件で冷却することにより、ベイナイトの組織分率を抑制できる。その結果、ベイナイトの組織分率が30%以下であり、より一層、浸炭時の粗大粒防止特性に優れる鋼が得られる。上記温度範囲での冷却速度が1.00℃/秒を越えると、ベイナイトの組織分率が大きくなり、30%超となることが懸念される。また、上記温度範囲での冷却速度が大きいと、熱間圧延して冷却した後の鋼材の硬さが上昇し、冷間鍛造性が劣化する。このため、上記温度範囲での冷却速度はできるだけ小さくするのが望ましい。上記温度範囲での冷却速度の好適範囲は0.70℃/秒以下である。
冷却工程後の鋼材((線材または棒鋼):肌焼鋼)に対して、必要に応じて球状化焼鈍を行ってもよい。
球状化焼鈍を行うことによって、鋼材が軟質化し、冷間鍛造時の荷重を低減させることができる。
本実施形態に係る浸炭部品は、本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼を、鍛造し、切削により所定の形状に加工した後、浸炭焼入れを行う方法により製造できる。本実施形態に係る肌焼鋼を用いて浸炭部品を製造する場合、熱間鍛造してから浸炭焼入れを行ってもよいし、冷間鍛造してから浸炭焼入れを行ってもよい。
具体的には、例えば、熱間鍛造は、1150℃以上の加熱温度で行うことができる。
また、浸炭焼入れの際の条件は特に限定されないが、例えば、浸炭温度を950℃~1090℃の温度域とするような高温浸炭を行うことができる。浸炭部品における転動疲労寿命を向上させるために、浸炭時の炭素ポテンシャルを0.9~1.3%の範囲で高めに設定してもよい。また、浸炭後の拡散処理の過程で浸窒を行う浸炭浸窒処理を行ってもよい。浸炭後の浸窒処理は、浸炭部品における転動疲労寿命を向上させるために、表面の窒素濃度が0.2~0.6%の範囲になる条件が適切である。
表1に示す組成を有する鋼を転炉で溶製し、連続鋳造して鋳片とし、必要に応じて分塊圧延を行って、162mm角(断面が162mm×162mm)の圧延素材(鋼片)とした。
続いて、鋼片を、表2に示す加熱温度で、保持時間を10分以上として加熱し、表2に示す熱間圧延の仕上げ温度で熱間圧延し、熱間圧延後に800~500℃の温度範囲を表2に示す冷却速度で冷却し、直径24~30mmの棒鋼を製造した。
また、各棒鋼(肌焼鋼)について、JIS G0552の規定にしたがって、フェライト結晶粒度の測定を行い、粒度番号を調べた。
また、各棒鋼(肌焼鋼)について、以下に示す方法により、極値統計によってTi系析出物の最大直径を予測した。
また、各棒鋼(肌焼鋼)について、冷間加工性の指標として、以下に示す方法により、ビッカース硬さを測定した。
また、粗大粒防止特性を評価するため、以下に示す条件で浸炭シミュレーションを行った。
さらに、浸炭後の材質として、以下に示す方法で、γ粒度番号、転動疲労寿命、回転曲げ疲労強度を評価した。
それらの結果を表2に示す。
各棒鋼(肌焼鋼)を、軸方向に対して垂直な方向で切断(横断)してサンプルを採取した。得られたサンプルを樹脂に埋め込んだ後、上記切断された面(観察面)を研磨した。研磨後の観察面に対してナイタールで腐食を実施してミクロ組織を現出させて観察し、ミクロ組織中のベイナイト組織を特定した。さらに、観察面において、ベイナイト組織の面積率を求め、ベイナイトの組織分率(%)とした。
ベイナイト以外の組織は、フェライトまたはフェライト及びパーライトであった。
極値統計によるTi系析出物の最大直径の予測は、次の方法で行った。析出物がTi系であるか否かは、光学顕微鏡におけるコントラストの違いからを判別した。コントラストの違いによる判別法の妥当性は、あらかじめエネルギー分散型X線分光分析装置付き走査型電子顕微鏡にて確認した。
各棒鋼(肌焼鋼)から試験片を採取し、棒鋼の長手方向断面において検査基準面積100平方mm(10mm×10mmの領域)の領域をあらかじめ16視野分準備した。そして各検査基準面積100平方mmにおけるTi系析出物の最大析出物を検出し、これを光学顕微鏡にて1000倍で写真撮影した。各検査基準面積100平方mmの視野について、16回繰り返し行った(つまり検査数16視野)。得られた写真から各検査基準面積における最大析出物の直径を計測した。析出物が楕円形である場合は、長径と短径の相乗平均を求め、その析出物の直径とした。得られた最大析出物の直径の16個のデータを、養賢堂発行「金属疲労 微小欠陥と介在物の影響」の233頁~239頁に記載の方法により、極値確率用紙にプロットし、最大析出物分布直線(最大析出物直径と極値統計基準化変数の一次関数)を求め、最大析出物分布直線を外挿することにより、予測を行う面積:30000平方mmにおける最大析出物の直径を予測した。
圧延後の各棒鋼(肌焼鋼)を、軸方向に対して垂直な方向で切断(横断)してサンプルを採取した。得られたサンプルを樹脂に埋め込んだ後、上記切断された面(観察面)を研磨した。研磨後の観察面に対して表面から直径の1/4の深さの部位について、JIS Z 2244(2009)における「ビッカース硬さ試験-試験方法」に準拠して、荷重10kgでビッカース硬さを合計5回測定し、その平均値をビッカース硬さとした。ビッカース硬さが230HV以下であれば、冷間鍛造性に優れると判断した。
各棒鋼(肌焼鋼)について、球状化焼鈍を行った後、据え込み試験片を作成し、圧下率50%の据え込みを行った後、以下に示す条件で浸炭シミュレーションを行った。
浸炭シミュレーションは、加熱温度を1000℃、1050℃、1100℃の3種類とし、いずれの加熱温度の場合も5時間加熱した後水冷した。浸炭シミュレーションの後の各試験片の切断面を研磨してから腐食し、旧オーステナイト粒径を観察して結晶粒粗大化温度(粗大粒発生温度)を求めた。旧オーステナイト粒度の測定は、JIS G 0551に準じて行い、400倍で10視野程度観察し、粒度番号5番以下の粗粒が1つでも存在すれば粗粒発生と判定した。
そして、結晶粒粗大化温度が、1100℃超のものは粗大粒防止特性が良好であると判定し、1100℃以下のものは粗大粒防止特性に劣ると判定した。表2に結晶粒粗大化温度を示す。
次に、各棒鋼(肌焼鋼)に圧下率50%で冷間鍛造を行って、直径12.2mmの円柱状の転動疲労試験片と平行部の直径が9mmの小野式回転曲げ試験片(R1.14の切欠付き)を作製し、1050℃で5時間、炭素ポテンシャル0.8%の条件で浸炭を行った。焼入れ油の温度は130℃、焼戻しは180℃で2時間行った。
浸炭焼入れ焼戻し後の小野式回転曲げの平行部を、軸方向に対して垂直な方向で切断(横断)してサンプルを採取した。得られたサンプルを樹脂に埋め込んだ後、上記切断された面(観察面)を研磨した。研磨後の観察面に対してオーステナイト粒を現出する腐食を行い、JIS G0551の規定にしたがって、表面から200μm深さの位置を中心とした視野で、オーステナイト粒度を測定した。
これらの結果をまとめて表2に示す。
また、比較鋼であるNo.14は、Bi含有量が、本発明で規定する上限を超えていたので、熱間圧延時に生じたと推定される初期き裂が存在しており、転動疲労寿命および回転曲げ疲労試験の結果が本発明鋼と比べて劣っていた。
また、No.17は、粗大化防止に有効なTi系炭窒化物の析出物が十分に得られず、結晶粒粗大化温度が本発明鋼と比べて低かった。
本発明の肌焼鋼の製造方法によれば、浸炭時の粗大粒防止特性に優れる肌焼鋼を製造できる。この肌焼鋼は、浸炭焼入れによる熱処理歪みを抑制できるとともに、浸炭焼入れ後に優れた疲労特性が得られる。
そのため、本発明による産業上の効果は極めて顕著である。
Claims (8)
- 化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.10~0.30%、
Si:0.02~1.50%、
Mn:0.30~1.80%、
S:0.003~0.020%、
Cr:0.40~2.00%、
Al:0.005~0.050%、
Ti:0.06~0.20%、
Bi:0.0001~0.0050%、
Mo:0~1.50%、
Ni:0~3.50%、
V:0~0.50%、
B:0~0.0050%、
Nb:0~0.040%未満、
を含有し、
P:0.050%以下、
N:0.0060%以下、
O:0.0025%以下
に制限し、
残部が鉄および不純物からなり、
下記式(1)を満たし、
長手方向断面において、検査基準面積を100平方mm、検査数を16視野、予測を行う面積を30000平方mmとした条件で極値統計により予測されるTi系析出物の最大直径が40μm以下である
ことを特徴とする肌焼鋼。
Ti/S≧6.0 式(1)
ここで、前記式(1)中のTiは、Tiの質量%での含有量であり、Sは、Sの質量%での含有量である。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Mo:0.02~1.50%、
Ni:0.10~3.50%、
V:0.02~0.50%、
B:0.0002~0.0050%、
Nb:0%超、0.040%未満、
からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上を含有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の肌焼鋼。 - 金属組織がベイナイトを含み、前記ベイナイトの組織分率が30%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の肌焼鋼。
- 金属組織がフェライトを含み、前記フェライトの結晶粒度番号がJIS G0552で規定されている8~11番であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の肌焼鋼。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の肌焼鋼を備える浸炭部品。
- 化学組成が質量%で、C:0.10~0.30%、Si:0.02~1.50%、Mn:0.30~1.80%、S:0.003~0.020%、Cr:0.40~2.00%、Al:0.005~0.050%、Ti:0.06~0.20%、Bi:0.0001~0.0050%、Mo:0~1.50%、Ni:0~3.50%、V:0~0.50%、B:0~0.0050%、Nb:0~0.040%未満、を含有し、P:0.050%以下、N:0.0060%以下、O:0.0025%以下に制限し、残部が鉄および不純物からなり、下記式(2)を満たす鋼を、1150℃以上の温度で保持時間10分以上加熱する加熱工程と、
前記鋼を線材または棒鋼に熱間圧延する熱間圧延工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする肌焼鋼の製造方法。
Ti/S≧6.0 式(2)
ここで、前記式(2)中のTiは、Tiの含有量(質量%)であり、Sは、Sの含有量(質量%)である。 - さらに、前記線材または棒鋼を、前記熱間圧延工程後に800~500℃の温度範囲を1.00℃/秒以下の冷却速度で徐冷する冷却工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の肌焼鋼の製造方法。
- 前記熱間圧延工程において、仕上げ温度を840~1000℃とすることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の肌焼鋼の製造方法。
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JP2017559236A JP6631640B2 (ja) | 2015-12-28 | 2016-12-28 | 肌焼鋼、浸炭部品および肌焼鋼の製造方法 |
EP16881816.9A EP3399063A4 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2016-12-28 | INSERT HARDENED STEEL, CARBONIZED COMPONENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE STEEL USED HARDENED |
US16/065,455 US20190002999A1 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2016-12-28 | Case hardening steel, carburized component, and manufacturing method of case hardening steel |
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US (1) | US20190002999A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3399063A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6631640B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017115842A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017133052A (ja) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-08-03 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 浸炭時の粗大粒防止特性と疲労特性と被削性に優れた肌焼鋼およびその製造方法 |
EP3715478A4 (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-09-30 | Posco | COLD STRIPPING MACHINE WIRE, USER-TREATED PRODUCT AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
US20220074032A1 (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2022-03-10 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel material to be starting material of carbonitrided bearing component |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019039610A1 (ja) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-28 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 浸炭軸受部品用鋼材 |
CN113215495B (zh) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-02-25 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种提高50-80mm厚度Q390E厚板Z向性能的方法 |
CN114875303B (zh) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-03 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | 一种免退火气保焊丝用热轧盘条及其制备方法 |
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JP2007031787A (ja) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 耐結晶粒粗大化特性、疲労特性及び被削性に優れた肌焼鋼並びにその製造方法 |
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- 2016-12-28 EP EP16881816.9A patent/EP3399063A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-28 WO PCT/JP2016/089086 patent/WO2017115842A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-12-28 US US16/065,455 patent/US20190002999A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-12-28 JP JP2017559236A patent/JP6631640B2/ja active Active
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JP2007031787A (ja) * | 2005-07-27 | 2007-02-08 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 耐結晶粒粗大化特性、疲労特性及び被削性に優れた肌焼鋼並びにその製造方法 |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2017133052A (ja) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-08-03 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 浸炭時の粗大粒防止特性と疲労特性と被削性に優れた肌焼鋼およびその製造方法 |
EP3715478A4 (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-09-30 | Posco | COLD STRIPPING MACHINE WIRE, USER-TREATED PRODUCT AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
US11441202B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2022-09-13 | Posco | Wire rod for cold heading, processed product using same, and manufacturing method therefor |
US20220074032A1 (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2022-03-10 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel material to be starting material of carbonitrided bearing component |
US11965231B2 (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2024-04-23 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel material to be starting material of carbonitrided bearing component |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2017115842A1 (ja) | 2018-11-01 |
US20190002999A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
EP3399063A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
JP6631640B2 (ja) | 2020-01-15 |
EP3399063A4 (en) | 2019-05-29 |
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