WO2017101349A1 - 一种编码信息继承的实时转码方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种编码信息继承的实时转码方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2017101349A1
WO2017101349A1 PCT/CN2016/088693 CN2016088693W WO2017101349A1 WO 2017101349 A1 WO2017101349 A1 WO 2017101349A1 CN 2016088693 W CN2016088693 W CN 2016088693W WO 2017101349 A1 WO2017101349 A1 WO 2017101349A1
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frame
code stream
macroblock
coding
coded
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French (fr)
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白茂生
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Le Holdings Beijing Co Ltd
LeCloud Computing Co Ltd
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Le Holdings Beijing Co Ltd
LeCloud Computing Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/40—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using video transcoding, i.e. partial or full decoding of a coded input stream followed by re-encoding of the decoded output stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of video technologies, and in particular, to a real-time transcoding method and apparatus for encoding information inheritance.
  • 4K TV refers to the screen display TV with 4K resolution.
  • 4K resolution is an emerging standard for the resolution of digital cinema and digital content. Its name is based on its horizontal resolution of about 4,000 pixels. There are subtle gaps depending on the application. 4K level resolution can provide more than 8.8 million pixels, at least provide display quality of nearly 10 million pixels, achieve cinematic quality, equivalent to four times the current top 1080p resolution, display fineness of 1080p 4 times or more.
  • the cost of ultra-high-definition is also very high.
  • the data volume of each frame reaches 50MB, so the top-level configuration machine is required for both decoding and editing.
  • the 4K real-time transcoding has huge resource consumption for the transcoder, and the hardware 4K real-time encoder is also expensive, and it is not easy to expand and deploy in the cloud.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a real-time transcoding method and device for encoding information inheritance, which is used to solve the bottleneck of realizing 4K real-time transcoding in the cloud in the prior art.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a real-time transcoding method for encoding information inheritance, including:
  • Decoding a current input code stream and acquiring code stream information in a decoding process, where the code stream information includes a frame type of the currently decoded frame and macroblock coding information;
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a real-time transcoding device for encoding information inheritance, including:
  • An information acquiring module configured to decode the current input code stream, and obtain code stream information in a decoding process, where the code stream information includes a frame type of the currently decoded frame and macroblock coding information;
  • a transcoding module configured to predict, according to the code stream information, a frame type and a macroblock coding information of the transcoded frame corresponding to the input code stream, and transcode the input code stream.
  • the present application also discloses a real-time transcoding device for encoding information inheritance, comprising: a memory, a processor, wherein the memory is configured to store one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions are for a supply The processor calls execution;
  • the processor is configured to decode the current input code stream, and obtain code stream information in a decoding process, where the code stream information includes a frame type of the currently decoded frame and macroblock coding information;
  • the real-time transcoding method and apparatus for encoding information inheritance implements high-quality real-time transcoding by predicting transcoding candidate macroblock frame types, encoding modes, and motion vectors, which can be conveniently deployed in any cloud.
  • the service solves the defect that the existing 4K hardware transcoder is expensive, and it is difficult to expand for the customized application; at the same time, the transcoding method and device proposed by the embodiment of the present invention reduce the time of transcoding while reducing the time of transcoding. Maintain high video output quality.
  • Embodiment 1 is a technical flowchart of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a technical flowchart of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 is a technical flowchart of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 is a technical flowchart of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the main idea of the invention is to dynamically detect the noise intensity of the video and dynamically perform video denoising according to the noise intensity of the video; through two layers of spatial denoising, under the premise of completing the denoising function, the maximum is retained. Low frequency image data in each frame of the video.
  • a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
  • processors CPUs
  • input/output interfaces network interfaces
  • memory volatile and non-volatile memory
  • the memory may include non-persistent memory, random access memory (RAM), and/or non-volatile memory in a computer readable medium, such as read only memory (ROM) or flash memory.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • Memory is an example of a computer readable medium.
  • Computer readable media includes both permanent and non-persistent, removable and non-removable media.
  • Information storage can be implemented by any method or technology.
  • the information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data.
  • Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read only memory. (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, Magnetic cassette tape A magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage device or any other non-transporting medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.
  • computer readable media does not include non-transitory computer readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
  • first device if a first device is coupled to a second device, the first device can be directly electrically coupled to the second device, or electrically coupled indirectly through other devices or coupling means. Connected to the second device.
  • the description of the specification is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention. The scope of protection of the application is subject to the definition of the appended claims.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are applied to a real-time transcoding system, especially real-time transcoding of 4K.
  • FIG. 1 is a technical flowchart of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • a real-time transcoding method for encoding information inheritance mainly includes two major steps:
  • Step 110 Decode a current input code stream, and obtain code stream information in a decoding process, where the code stream information includes a frame type of the currently decoded frame and macroblock coding information.
  • the input 4K code stream is first decoded, and then the decoded video frame is encoded.
  • the core of the embodiment of the present invention is that before the decoded frame is encoded, the obtained frame is obtained.
  • the original coded information of the input code stream is taken, and the coded information is inherited according to the original coded information, thereby implementing the coded information prediction for subsequent high quality coding.
  • the encoding adopts H264 video encoding by default.
  • the frame types of the input code stream include an intra prediction coded frame (I_FRAME), a forward predictive coded frame (P_FRAME), and a bidirectional predictive coded frame (B_FRAME).
  • a frame is a still picture, and continuous frames form an animation, such as a TV image.
  • the I frame is an intra prediction encoded frame, which belongs to intraframe compression, and the I frame picture is completely reserved. Only the current frame data can be decoded during decoding (because the complete picture is included).
  • the P frame is a forward predictive coded frame and belongs to interframe coding.
  • the P frame represents the difference between this frame and the previous reference frame, and the residual data plus the prediction data obtained by the forward motion compensation reconstructs the current P frame.
  • the B frame is a bidirectional difference frame, that is, the B frame records the difference between the current frame and the front and rear reference frames.
  • the B frame records the difference between the current frame and the front and rear reference frames.
  • both the forward reference frame and the backward reference frame are required, and the residual data is added through the front-back motion.
  • the resulting prediction data is compensated to reconstruct the current B frame.
  • the macroblock coding information includes an encoding mode, a reference frame, and a motion vector of each macroblock in the original input code stream, so that subsequent encoding inherits the encoding information, and implements efficient coding prediction.
  • Step 120 Predict a frame type and macroblock coding information of the transcoded frame corresponding to the input code stream according to the code stream information, and transcode the input code stream.
  • the frame type corresponding to the input code stream is used as the frame type of the transcoded frame, that is, the intra prediction encoded frame (I_FRAME), the forward predictive coded frame (P_FRAME), and the bidirectional prediction.
  • Encoded frame (B_FRAME) is used as the frame type of the transcoded frame, that is, the intra prediction encoded frame (I_FRAME), the forward predictive coded frame (P_FRAME), and the bidirectional prediction.
  • I_FRAME intra prediction encoded frame
  • P_FRAME forward predictive coded frame
  • B_FRAME the bidirectional prediction.
  • Transcoding the input code stream includes transcoding the intra-predictive coded frame, the forward predictive coded frame, and the bi-directionally predictive coded frame:
  • the frame type of the repeated frame is marked as a forward predictive coded frame, and the macroblock in the repeated frame is used in the SKIP coding mode. Encode.
  • the information of the input code stream is acquired, and the information is utilized and inherited, thereby realizing high efficiency and high quality 4K real-time transcoding.
  • Embodiment 2 is a technical flowchart of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a specific example of encoding an intra-coded macroblock of the intra-predictive coded frame in a transcoding method in which coding information is inherited.
  • the I frame coding is performed by using the intra prediction mode, and the block mode can be divided into I_16x16, I_8x8, and I_4x4.
  • I_16x16, I_8x8, and I_4x4 In order to guarantee the video quality, it is common to traverse all the coding modes to select the optimal mode, which will undoubtedly increase the coding time to a large extent.
  • I frames are used as reference frames, so priority is given to better video quality.
  • Step 210 Before encoding the current macroblock, pre-calculate in the I_8x8 block mode Coding coding cost;
  • I_8x8 is only defined in H.264-High-profile, some input streams do not use this mode, and I_8x8 is a choice between I_16x16 and I_4x4, so in order to better guarantee video quality,
  • the coding cost (cost) of I_8x8 is calculated in advance;
  • Step 220 Obtain a original block mode corresponding to a macroblock of the same position of the current macroblock from the input code stream, and compare the intra-coded macro according to the original block mode and the coding cost. The coding mode of the block is selected.
  • the original blocking mode is I_8x8, encoding the current macroblock in an I_8x8 blocking mode
  • the current macro block is encoded in a 16 ⁇ 16 block mode
  • the cost of I_4x4 and the pre-calculated I_8x8 is compared, and the cost is smaller as the true coding mode.
  • the I-frame optimal coding mode is implemented by determining the coding mode of the coded macroblock in the input code stream that is the same as the current coded macroblock position, and combining the coding cost of encoding in the I_8x8 mode. Fast selection, improved coding efficiency and encoded video quality.
  • Embodiment 3 is a technical flowchart of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 is a specific example of encoding the forward predictive coding frame in a transcoding method in which coding information is inherited.
  • the motion vector of the original input code stream corresponding to the position macroblock has high availability, and therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the input code is The MV (Motion Vector) of the stream is used as the starting reference point for subsequent motion estimation.
  • MV Motion Vector
  • Step 310 Obtain, from the input code stream, an original coding mode corresponding to a macroblock with the same location of a current coded macroblock of the forward predictive coding frame.
  • the current coded macroblock is encoded using the same coding strategy as the intra-frame coding module of the I-frame.
  • the original coding mode is a SKIP type macroblock (P_SKIP)
  • P_SKIP SKIP type macroblock
  • the current coded macroblock only performs mode decision of P_SKIP and P_16x16, and the lowest cost is used as the last actual coding mode.
  • the current coded macroblock only performs mode decision of P_SKIP and P_16x8, and the lowest cost is used as the last actual coding mode.
  • the current coded macroblock only performs mode decision of P_SKIP and P_8x16, and the lowest cost is used as the last actual coding mode.
  • the current coded macroblock performs only mode decisions of P_SKIP and P_16x16 and P_8x8.
  • Step 320 Perform motion estimation according to the original coding mode, thereby obtaining a motion vector.
  • the moving image can be divided into several blocks or macroblocks, and the position of each block or macroblock in the adjacent frame image is searched for, and the relative offset of the spatial position between the two is obtained, and the relative position obtained is obtained.
  • the offset is the motion vector usually referred to, and the process of obtaining the motion vector is called motion estimation.
  • the motion vector and the motion error obtained by the motion matching are transmitted to the decoding end by quantization-transformation, and the corresponding block or macroblock is found from the decoded adjacent reference frame image at the decoding end according to the position indicated by the motion vector, and the prediction error After adding, you can reconstruct the current macroblock.
  • MV (0, 0) is used as a starting point of the search candidate motion vector
  • the MV of the macroblock corresponding to the position in the input code stream of the current coded macroblock is used as the starting point of the search candidate MV.
  • Step 330 Perform motion compensation prediction on the forward predictive coding frame according to the motion vector. coding.
  • the coding time can be reduced to a considerable extent, and the actual coded motion search window can be limited to a relatively small size. To further improve the efficiency of motion estimation.
  • FIG. 4 is a technical flowchart of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the encoding of the bidirectional predictive coding frame is implemented by the following steps:
  • Step 410 Disable the B_16x8 and B_8x16 coding modes and enable the B_DIRECT mode by default;
  • the B frame is similar to the encoding of the P frame, but only supports the backward reference frame. So mode selection is more complicated than P frames. In actual tests, B_16x8 and B_8x16 account for less than 5%, and the rate savings are very limited (test sequences for different content may have different results, usually less than 5%), so In the actual transcoding system, the B_16x8 and B_8x16 encoding modes are disabled and the B_DIRECT mode is enabled by default.
  • Step 420 Obtain, from the input code stream, an original coding mode corresponding to a macroblock position of a current coding macroblock position of the bidirectionally predictive coding frame, and select an optimal according to the original coding mode and a B_DIRECT mode that is enabled by default.
  • the bidirectional predictive coding mode of the encoded frame is derived from the input code stream.
  • the original coding mode is an INTRA block (intra-coded macroblock)
  • the current coded macroblock adopts the same coding strategy as the I-frame INTRA, and the optimal INTRA prediction mode is compared with the B_DIRECT mode to minimize the cost.
  • the final coding mode As the final coding mode;
  • the current coded macroblock only performs pre-determination of the B_DIRECT mode and mode decision of ref0 under B_16x16, with the least cost as the final coding mode;
  • the current coded macroblock performs only the pre-judgment of the B_DIRECT mode and the mode decision of the B_16x16, and uses the reference frame of the corresponding location block as a candidate.
  • the reference frame with the least cost, as the final coding mode;
  • the current coded macroblock performs only the pre-judgment of the B_DIRECT mode and the mode decision of the B_8x8, and the reference frame corresponding to the location block is used as the candidate reference frame, and the least cost is used as the final coding. mode;
  • the encoding mode of the current encoding block is predicted by acquiring an original encoding mode corresponding to a macroblock with the same current macroblock position of the bidirectionally predictive coded frame, while reducing the time of transcoding while maintaining High video output quality.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • a real-time transcoding device for encoding information inheritance includes two large modules: an information acquiring module 510 and a transcoding module 520.
  • the information acquiring module 510 is configured to decode the current input code stream, and obtain code stream information in a decoding process, where the code stream information includes a frame type of the currently decoded frame and macroblock coding information;
  • the transcoding module 520 is configured to predict, according to the code stream information, a frame type and macroblock coding information of a transcoded frame corresponding to the input code stream, and transcode the input code stream.
  • the transcoding module 520 is configured to: when H264 is used as the video encoding format, use a frame type corresponding to the input code stream as a frame type of the transcoded frame, where the frame type includes intra prediction. Encoded frames, forward predictive coded frames, and bidirectionally predictive coded frames.
  • the transcoding module 520 is further configured to: when encoding an intra-coded macroblock of the intra-predictive coded frame, pre-calculate an encoding cost of encoding in an 8 ⁇ 8 block mode; Obtaining, in the input code stream, a original block mode corresponding to a macroblock having the same position as a current intra-coded macroblock of the intra-predicted coded frame; and encoding the intra-frame according to the original block mode and the coding cost The coding mode of the macroblock is selected;
  • the coding mode when encoding the forward predictive coding frame, an original coding mode corresponding to a macroblock having the same position as a current coded macroblock of the forward predictive coding frame, from the input code stream;
  • the coding mode performs motion estimation to obtain a motion vector, and performs motion compensation predictive coding on the forward predictive coded frame according to the motion vector;
  • the transcoding module 520 is further configured to: when the frame transcoding process has a frame rate conversion to generate a repeated frame, mark the frame type of the repeated frame as a forward predictive coding frame, and adopt SKIP coding.
  • the mode encodes macroblocks in the repeating frame.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 5 can perform the method of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, and the implementation principle and technical effects refer to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, and details are not described herein again.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, ie may be located A place, or it can be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without deliberate labor.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • a real-time transcoding device for encoding information inheritance includes a memory 601 and a processor 602.
  • the memory 601 is configured to store one or more instructions, where the one or more instructions are for execution by the processor;
  • the process 602 is configured to: decode a current input code stream, and obtain code stream information in a decoding process, where the code stream information includes a frame type of a currently decoded frame and macroblock coding information; and according to the code stream information Predicting a frame type and macroblock coding information of the transcoded frame corresponding to the input code stream and transcoding the input code stream.
  • the processor 602 When the input code stream is transcoded, the processor 602 is configured to: when using H.264 as In the video encoding format, a frame type corresponding to the input code stream is used as a frame type of the transcoded frame, wherein the frame type includes an intra prediction encoded frame, a forward predictive encoded frame, or a bidirectional predictive encoded frame.
  • the processor 602 When the input code stream is transcoded, the processor 602 is configured to: before encoding the intra-coded macroblock of the intra-predictive coded frame, pre-calculate the code that is coded in the 8 ⁇ 8 block mode. a cost obtained by acquiring, from the input code stream, a original block mode corresponding to a macroblock having the same position as a current intra-coded macroblock of the intra-predicted coded frame; according to the original block mode and the coding cost pair The coding mode of the intra-coded macroblock is selected.
  • the processor 602 When transcoding the input code stream, the processor 602 is further configured to: when encoding the forward predictive coded frame, obtain, from the input code stream, a current frame with the forward predictive coded frame Encoding an original coding mode corresponding to a macroblock having the same macroblock position; performing motion estimation according to the original coding mode to obtain a motion vector; and performing motion compensation predictive coding on the forward predictive coding frame according to the motion vector.
  • the processor 602 is further configured to: when encoding the bidirectional predictive coded frame, obtain a current coded macro from the input code stream and the bidirectionally predictive coded frame An original coding mode corresponding to a macroblock having the same block position; selecting an encoding mode of the optimal forward prediction coded frame according to the original coding mode and the B_DIRECT mode that is enabled by default.
  • the processor 602 is further configured to mark the frame type of the repeated frame as forward predictive coding when a frame rate conversion occurs in the transcoding process to generate a repeated frame.
  • a frame is encoded with a default macroblock in the repeated frame using a SKIP encoding mode.

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Abstract

提供一种编码信息继承的实时转码方法及装置。对当前输入码流进行解码，并在解码过程中获取码流信息，其中所述码流信息包括当前解码帧的帧类型以及宏块编码信息；根据所述码流信息预测所述输入码流对应的转码帧的帧类型并对所述输入码流进行转码。实现了低成本、高质量且高效率的4K实时转码。

Description

一种编码信息继承的实时转码方法及装置
交叉引用
本申请引用于2015年12月14日递交的名称为“一种编码信息继承的实时转码方法及装置”的第2015109274618号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明实施例涉及视频技术领域，尤其涉及一种编码信息继承的实时转码方法及装置。
背景技术
随着4K电视的普及以及家庭带宽的增加，人们对高质量视频直播的需求也越来越多。4K电视指屏幕显示采用4K分辨率的电视机。4K分辨率是一种新兴的数字电影及数字内容的解析度标准，得名于其横向解析度约为4000像素(pixel)，根据不同的应用领域而存在细微差距。4K级别的分辨率可提供880多万像素，至少能提供近千万像素的显示品质，实现电影级的画质，相当于当前顶级的1080p分辨率的四倍还多，显示细腻度为1080p的4倍以上。
当然超高清的代价也是不菲的，4K显示中，每一帧的数据量都达到了50MB，因此无论解码播放还是编辑都需要顶级配置的机器。4K的实时转码对转码器的资源消耗是巨大的，而且硬件4K实时编码器价格也是昂贵的，且不好进行功能扩展和在云端部署。
因此，在有效的减少编码复杂度的情况下，一种高质量的视频实时转码方法亟待提出。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种编码信息继承的实时转码方法及装置，用以解决现有技术中无法在云端实现4K实时转码的瓶颈。
本发明实施例提供一种编码信息继承的实时转码方法，包括：
对当前输入码流进行解码，并在解码过程中获取码流信息，其中所述码流信息包括当前解码帧的帧类型以及宏块编码信息；
根据所述码流信息预测所述输入码流对应的转码帧的帧类型及宏块编码信息并对所述输入码流进行转码。
本发明实施例提供一种编码信息继承的实时转码装置，包括：
信息获取模块，用于对当前输入码流进行解码，并在解码过程中获取码流信息，其中所述码流信息包括当前解码帧的帧类型以及宏块编码信息；
转码模块，用于根据所述码流信息预测所述输入码流对应的转码帧的帧类型及宏块编码信息并对所述输入码流进行转码。
本申请还揭示了一种编码信息继承的实时转码设备，包括：内存、处理器，其中，所述内存，用于存储一条或多条指令，其中，所述一条或多条指令以供所述处理器调用执行；
所述处理器，用于对当前输入码流进行解码，并在解码过程中获取码流信息，其中所述码流信息包括当前解码帧的帧类型以及宏块编码信息；
根据所述码流信息预测所述输入码流对应的转码帧的帧类型及宏块编码信息并对所述输入码流进行转码。
本发明实施例提供的编码信息继承的实时转码方法及装置，通过预测转码候选宏块帧类型、编码模式以及运动矢量，实现了高质量的实时转码，可以很方便地部署在任何云端服务，解决了现有4K硬件转码器价格昂贵，而且对于定制化的应用很难进行扩展的缺陷；与此同时，本发明实施例提出的转码方法及装置在减少转码的时间的同时保持较高的视频输出质量。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部 分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本发明实施例一的技术流程图；
图2为本发明实施例二的技术流程图；
图3为本发明实施例三的技术流程图；
图4为本发明实施例四的技术流程图；
图5为本发明实施例五的装置结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例六的设备结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的主要思想在于，通过自动检测视频的噪声强度，并根据视频的噪声强度，来动态进行视频去噪；通过两层空域去噪，在完成去噪功能的前提下，最大限度地保留了视频每一帧中的低频图像数据。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，以下结合附图及具体实施例，对本发明作进一步地详细说明。在一个典型的配置中，计算设备包括一个或多个处理器(CPU)、输入/输出接口、网络接口和内存。
内存可能包括计算机可读介质中的非永久性存储器，随机存取存储器(RAM)和/或非易失性内存等形式，如只读存储器(ROM)或闪存(flash RAM)。内存是计算机可读介质的示例。
计算机可读介质包括永久性和非永久性、可移动和非可移动媒体可以由任何方法或技术来实现信息存储。信息可以是计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序的模块或其他数据。计算机的存储介质的例子包括，但不限于相变内存(PRAM)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、其他类型的随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、快闪记忆体或其他内存技术、只读光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字多功能光盘(DVD)或其他光学存储、磁盒式磁带，磁带 磁磁盘存储或其他磁性存储设备或任何其他非传输介质，可用于存储可以被计算设备访问的信息。按照本文中的界定，计算机可读介质不包括非暂存电脑可读媒体(transitory media)，如调制的数据信号和载波。
如在说明书及权利要求当中使用了某些词汇来指称特定组件。本领域技术人员应可理解，硬件制造商可能会用不同名词来称呼同一个组件。本说明书及权利要求并不以名称的差异来作为区分组件的方式，而是以组件在功能上的差异来作为区分的准则。如在通篇说明书及权利要求当中所提及的“包含”为一开放式用语，故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。“大致”是指在可接收的误差范围内，本领域技术人员能够在一定误差范围内解决所述技术问题，基本达到所述技术效果。此外，“耦接”一词在此包含任何直接及间接的电性耦接手段。因此，若文中描述一第一装置耦接于一第二装置，则代表所述第一装置可直接电性耦接于所述第二装置，或通过其他装置或耦接手段间接地电性耦接至所述第二装置。说明书后续描述为实施本申请的较佳实施方式，然所述描述乃以说明本申请的一般原则为目的，并非用以限定本申请的范围。本申请的保护范围当视所附权利要求所界定者为准。
还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的商品或者系统不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种商品或者系统所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的商品或者系统中还存在另外的相同要素。
本发明实施例应用于实时转码系统，尤其是4K的实时转码。
实施例一
图1是本发明实施例一的技术流程图，结合图1，本发明实施例一种编码信息继承的实时转码方法，主要包括两个大的步骤：
步骤110：对当前输入码流进行解码，并在解码过程中获取码流信息，其中所述码流信息包括当前解码帧的帧类型以及宏块编码信息；
转码系统在工作时，首先将输入的4K码流进行解码，再将解码后的视频帧进行编码。本发明实施例的核心在于，将解码后的帧进行编码之前，获 取输入码流的原编码信息，并根据所述原编码信息进行编码信息继承，从而实现编码信息预测用以进行后续高质量的编码。
本发明实施例中，编码默认采用H264视频编码。输入码流的帧类型包括帧内预测编码帧(I_FRAME)、前向预测编码帧(P_FRAME)以及双向预测编码帧(B_FRAME)。
数据在网络上是以很小的称为帧(Frame)的单位传输的，帧由几部分组成，不同的部分执行不同的功能。一帧就是一副静止的画面，连续的帧就形成动画，如电视图像等。
在实际压缩时，会采取各种算法减少数据的容量，其中IPB就是最常见的。I帧是帧内预测编码帧，属于帧内压缩，I帧画面完整保留，解码时只需要本帧数据就可以完成(因为包含完整画面)。
P帧为向前预测编码帧，属于帧间编码。P帧表示的是这一帧跟之前一个参考帧的差别，残差数据加上通过前向运动补偿得到的预测数据来重构当前P帧。
B帧是双向差别帧，也就是B帧记录的是本帧与前后参考帧的差别，解码时既需要前向参考帧又需要后向参考帧，通过残差数据加上通过前-后向运动补偿得到的预测数据来重构当前B帧。
本发明实施例中，所述宏块编码信息包括原始输入码流中每一宏块的编码模式，参考帧以及运动矢量，以使后续编码继承这些编码信息，实现高效的编码预测。
步骤120：根据所述码流信息预测所述输入码流对应的转码帧的帧类型及宏块编码信息并对所述输入码流进行转码。
当采用H264作为视频编码格式时，将所述输入码流对应的帧类型作为所述转码帧的帧类型，即帧内预测编码帧(I_FRAME)、前向预测编码帧(P_FRAME)以及双向预测编码帧(B_FRAME)。
对所述输入码流进行转码包括对帧内预测编码帧、前向预测编码帧以及双向预测编码帧的转码：
对所述帧内预测编码帧的帧内编码宏块进行编码时，预先计算以8×8分块模式进行编码的编码代价；从所述输入码流中获取与所述帧内预测编码帧的当前帧内编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原分块模式；根据所述原分块模式和所述编码代价对所述帧内编码宏块的编码模式进行选择；
对所述前向预测编码帧进行编码时，从所述输入码流中获取与所述前向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；根据所述原编码模式进行运动估计，从而得到运动矢量；根据所述运动矢量对所述前向预测编码帧进行运动补偿预测编码；
对所述双向预测编码帧进行编码时，从所述输入码流中获取与所述双向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；根据所述原编码模式以及默认开启的B_DIRECT模式选择最优的所述双向预测编码帧的编码模式。
需要说明的是，当所述转码过程存在帧率变换从而出现重复帧时，将所述重复帧的帧类型标记为前向预测编码帧，采用SKIP编码模式对所述重复帧中的宏块进行编码。
本实施例所描述的转码过程中，在对输入码流进行解码之后，获取输入码流的信息，并对这些信息加以利用和继承，实现了高效率、高质量的4K实时转码。
实施例二
图2是本发明实施例二的技术流程图，施例二是编码信息继承的转码方法中，对所述帧内预测编码帧的帧内编码宏块进行编码的具体示例。I帧编码采用帧内预测模式进行编码，分块模式可以划分为I_16x16，I_8x8，I_4x4。为了保证视频质量，通常会遍历所有的编码模式来选择最优的模式，这无疑会在很大程度上增加编码时间。但I帧作为参考帧，所以要优先保证更好的视频质量。
步骤210：对当前宏块进行编码之前，预先计算以I_8x8分块模式进行 编码的编码代价；
由于I_8x8只在H.264-High-profile中定义，有些输入码流并未采用此模式，而I_8x8是在I_16x16，I_4x4之间折中的选择，所以为了更好的保证视频质量，所以所述当前编码宏块进行编码时，预先计算I_8x8的编码代价(cost)；
步骤220：从所述输入码流中获取与所述当前宏块的相同位置的宏块对应的原分块模式，并根据所述原分块模式和所述编码代价对所述帧内编码宏块的编码模式进行选择。
若所述原分块模式为I_8x8，则以I_8x8分块模式对所述当前宏块进行编码；
若所述原分块模式为16×16，则以16×16分块模式对所述当前宏块进行编码；
若所述原分块模式为4×4，，比较I_4x4与预先计算的I_8x8的cost，以cost较小的作为真正的编码模式。
本发明实施例中，通过判断所述输入码流中与当前编码宏块位置相同的编码宏块的编码模式，并结合预先计算以I_8x8模式进行编码的编码代价，实现了I帧最优编码模式的快速选择，提高了编码效率以及编码视频质量。
实施例三
图3是本发明实施例三的技术流程图，施例三是编码信息继承的转码方法中，对所述前向预测编码帧进行编码的具体示例。
由于P帧采用前向参考帧编码和帧内编码的混合模式，原始输入码流对应位置宏块的运动向量有很高的可利用性，因此，本发明实施例中，所以将所述输入码流的MV(Motion Vector，即运动矢量)作为后续运动估计的起始参考点。
步骤310：从所述输入码流中获取与所述前向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；
若所述原编码模式为帧内编码宏块(INTRA块)，则所述当前编码宏块采用与I帧的帧内编码模块相同的编码策略进行编码。
若所述原编码模式为SKIP类型的宏块(P_SKIP)，则判断所述当前编码宏块是否适合进行P_SKIP编码，若适合，则将所述当前编码宏块的编码模式标记为P_SKIP。
若所述原编码模式为P_16x16，则所述当前编码宏块只进行P_SKIP和P_16x16的模式决策，以cost最小的作为最后的实际编码模式。
若所述原编码模式为P_16x8，则所述当前编码宏块只进行P_SKIP和P_16x8的模式决策，以cost最小的作为最后的实际编码模式。
若所述原编码模式为P_8x16，则所述当前编码宏块只进行P_SKIP和P_8x16的模式决策，以cost最小的作为最后的实际编码模式。
若所述原编码模式的编码模式为P_8x8，则所述当前编码宏块只进行P_SKIP和P_16x16和P_8x8的模式决策。
步骤320：根据所述原编码模式进行运动估计，从而得到运动矢量；
在帧间预测编码中，由于活动图像邻近帧中的景物存在着一定的相关性。因此，可将活动图像分成若干块或宏块，并设法搜索出每个块或宏块在邻近帧图像中的位置，并得出两者之间的空间位置的相对偏移量，得到的相对偏移量就是通常所指的运动矢量，得到运动矢量的过程被称为运动估计。
运动矢量和经过运动匹配后得到的预测误差通过量化-变换发送到解码端，在解码端按照运动矢量指明的位置，从已经解码的邻近参考帧图像中找到相应的块或宏块，和预测误差相加后就可以重构当前宏块。
本发明实施例中，若所述原编码模式为SKIP类型的宏块(P_SKIP)，以MV(0，0)作为搜索候选运动矢量的起始点；
若所述原编码模式为P_16x16、P_16x8、P_8x16或P_8x8，以所述当前编码宏块在所述输入码流中对应位置的宏块的MV作为搜索候选MV的起始点。
步骤330：根据所述运动矢量对所述前向预测编码帧进行运动补偿预测 编码。
本实施例中，利用原始输入码流对应位置宏块的运动向量对当前编码宏块进行运动估计，可以相当大的程度上减少编码时间，而且可以将实际编码运动搜索窗口，限制在一个比较小的范围内，进一步提高运动估计的效率。
实施例四
图4是本发明实施例四的技术流程图，结合图4，本发明实施例一种编码信息继承的转码方法中，对所述双向预测编码帧进行编码的具体由以下的步骤实现：
步骤410：禁用B_16x8和B_8x16两种编码模式并默认开启B_DIRECT模式；
B帧类似于P帧的编码，只是可以支持后向参考帧。所以模式选择较P帧而言也更加复杂。在实际测试当中，由于B_16x8和B_8x16所占的比重不足5％，而且带来的码率节省也十分有限(不同内容的测试序列可能结果也会不同，通常也不会超过5％)，所以在实际转码系统当中禁用B_16x8和B_8x16两种编码模式并默认开启B_DIRECT模式。
步骤420：从所述输入码流中获取与所述双向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式，根据所述原编码模式以及默认开启的B_DIRECT模式选择最优的所述双向预测编码帧的编码模式。
若所述原编码模式为INTRA块(帧内编码宏块)，则所述当前编码宏块采用与I帧INTRA相同的编码策略，选择最优的INTRA预测模式与B_DIRECT模式进行比较，以cost最小的，作为最终的编码模式；
若所述原编码模式为B_SKIP或B_DIRECT，则所述当前编码宏块只进行B_DIRECT模式的预先判别以及B_16x16下ref0的模式判决，以cost最小的，作为最终的编码模式；
若所述原编码模式为B_16x16，则所述当前编码宏块只进行B_DIRECT模式的预先判别以及B_16x16的模式判决，以对应位置块的参考帧作为候选 参考帧，以cost最小的，作为最终的编码模式；
若所述原编码模式为B_8x8，则所述当前编码宏块只进行B_DIRECT模式的预先判别以及B_8x8的模式判决，以对应位置块的参考帧作为候选参考帧，以cost最小的，作为最终的编码模式；
本实施例中，通过获取与所述双向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式，预测所述当前编码块的编码模式，在减少转码的时间的同时保持较高的视频输出质量。
实施例五
图5是本发明实施例五的装置结构示意图，如图5所示，本发明实施例一种编码信息继承的实时转码装置包括两个大的模块：信息获取模块510以及转码模块520。
所述信息获取模块510，用于对当前输入码流进行解码，并在解码过程中获取码流信息，其中所述码流信息包括当前解码帧的帧类型以及宏块编码信息；
所述转码模块520，用于根据所述码流信息预测所述输入码流对应的转码帧的帧类型及宏块编码信息并对所述输入码流进行转码。
具体地，所述转码模块520用于，当采用H264作为视频编码格式时，将所述输入码流对应的帧类型作为所述转码帧的帧类型，其中所述帧类型包括帧内预测编码帧、前向预测编码帧以及双向预测编码帧。
具体地，所述转码模块520，进一步用于，对所述帧内预测编码帧的帧内编码宏块进行编码时，预先计算以8×8分块模式进行编码的编码代价；从所述输入码流中获取与所述帧内预测编码帧的当前帧内编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原分块模式；根据所述原分块模式和所述编码代价对所述帧内编码宏块的编码模式进行选择；
对所述前向预测编码帧进行编码时，从所述输入码流中获取与所述前向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；根据所述原 编码模式进行运动估计，从而得到运动矢量；根据所述运动矢量对所述前向预测编码帧进行运动补偿预测编码；
对所述双向预测编码帧进行编码时，从所述输入码流中获取与所述双向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；根据所述原编码模式以及默认开启的B_DIRECT模式选择最优的所述双向预测编码帧的编码模式。
具体地，所述转码模块520，进一步还用于，当所述转码过程存在帧率变换从而出现重复帧时，将所述重复帧的帧类型标记为前向预测编码帧，采用SKIP编码模式对所述重复帧中的宏块进行编码。
图5所示装置可以执行图1～图4所示实施例的方法，实现原理和技术效果参考图1～图4所示实施例，不再赘述。
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。
实施例六
图6是本发明实施例六的设备结构示意图，如图6所示，本发明实施例一种编码信息继承的实时转码设备包括内存601以及处理器602。
其中，所述内存601，用于存储一条或多条指令，其中，所述一条或多条指令以供所述处理器调用执行；
所述处理602用于，对当前输入码流进行解码，并在解码过程中获取码流信息，其中所述码流信息包括当前解码帧的帧类型以及宏块编码信息；根据所述码流信息预测所述输入码流对应的转码帧的帧类型及宏块编码信息并对所述输入码流进行转码。
对所述输入码流进行转码时，所述处理器602用于：当采用H.264作为 视频编码格式时，将所述输入码流对应的帧类型作为所述转码帧的帧类型，其中所述帧类型包括帧内预测编码帧、前向预测编码帧或双向预测编码帧。
对所述输入码流进行转码时，所述处理器602用于：对所述帧内预测编码帧的帧内编码宏块进行编码时，预先计算以8×8分块模式进行编码的编码代价；从所述输入码流中获取与所述帧内预测编码帧的当前帧内编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原分块模式；根据所述原分块模式和所述编码代价对所述帧内编码宏块的编码模式进行选择。
对所述输入码流进行转码时，所述处理器602进一步用于：对所述前向预测编码帧进行编码时，从所述输入码流中获取与所述前向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；根据所述原编码模式进行运动估计，从而得到运动矢量；根据所述运动矢量对所述前向预测编码帧进行运动补偿预测编码。
对所述输入码流进行转码时，所述处理器602进一步用于：对所述双向预测编码帧进行编码时，从所述输入码流中获取与所述双向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；根据所述原编码模式以及默认开启的B_DIRECT模式选择最优的所向预测编码帧的编码模式。
对所述输入码流进行转码时，所述处理器602进一步用于：当所述转码过程存在帧率变换从而出现重复帧时，将所述重复帧的帧类型标记为前向预测编码帧，采用SKIP编码模式对所述重复帧中的缺省宏块进行编码。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种编码信息继承的实时转码方法，其特征在于，包括如下的步骤：
    对当前输入码流进行解码，并在解码过程中获取码流信息，其中所述码流信息包括当前解码帧的帧类型以及宏块编码信息；
    根据所述码流信息预测所述输入码流对应的转码帧的帧类型及宏块编码信息并对所述输入码流进行转码。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，对所述输入码流进行转码，进一步包括：
    当采用H.264作为视频编码格式时，将所述输入码流对应的帧类型作为所述转码帧的帧类型，其中所述帧类型包括帧内预测编码帧、前向预测编码帧或双向预测编码帧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，对所述输入码流进行转码，进一步包括：
    对所述帧内预测编码帧的帧内编码宏块进行编码时，预先计算以8×8分块模式进行编码的编码代价；
    从所述输入码流中获取与所述帧内预测编码帧的当前帧内编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原分块模式；
    根据所述原分块模式和所述编码代价对所述帧内编码宏块的编码模式进行选择。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，对所述输入码流进行转码，进一步包括：
    对所述前向预测编码帧进行编码时，从所述输入码流中获取与所述前向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；
    根据所述原编码模式进行运动估计，从而得到运动矢量；
    根据所述运动矢量对所述前向预测编码帧进行运动补偿预测编码。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，对所述输入码流进行转码，进一步包括：
    对所述双向预测编码帧进行编码时，从所述输入码流中获取与所述双向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；
    根据所述原编码模式以及默认开启的B_DIRECT模式选择最优的所述双向预测编码帧的编码模式。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，对所述输入码流进行转码，进一步包括：
    当所述转码过程存在帧率变换从而出现重复帧时，将所述重复帧的帧类型标记为前向预测编码帧，采用SKIP编码模式对所述重复帧中的缺省宏块进行编码。
  7. 一种编码信息继承的实时转码装置，其特征在于，包括如下的装置：
    信息获取模块，用于对当前输入码流进行解码，并在解码过程中获取码流信息，其中所述码流信息包括当前解码帧的帧类型以及宏块编码信息；
    转码模块，用于根据所述码流信息预测所述输入码流对应的转码帧的帧类型及宏块编码信息并对所述输入码流进行转码。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述转码模块，进一步用于：
    当采用H264作为视频编码格式时，将所述输入码流对应的帧类型作为所述转码帧的帧类型，其中所述帧类型包括帧内预测编码帧、前向预测编码帧以及双向预测编码帧。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述转码模块，进一步用于：
    对所述帧内预测编码帧的帧内编码宏块进行编码时，预先计算以8×8分块模式进行编码的编码代价；从所述输入码流中获取与所述帧内 预测编码帧的当前帧内编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原分块模式；根据所述原分块模式和所述编码代价对所述帧内编码宏块的编码模式进行选择。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述转码模块，进一步用于：
    对所述前向预测编码帧进行编码时，从所述输入码流中获取与所述前向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；根据所述原编码模式进行运动估计，从而得到运动矢量；根据所述运动矢量对所述前向预测编码帧进行运动补偿预测编码。
  11. 根据权利要求7或8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述转码模块，进一步用于：
    对所述双向预测编码帧进行编码时，从所述输入码流中获取与所述双向预测编码帧的当前编码宏块位置相同的宏块对应的原编码模式；根据所述原编码模式以及默认开启的B_DIRECT模式选择最优的所述双向预测编码帧的编码模式。
  12. 根据权利要求7或8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述转码模块，进一步用于：
    当所述转码过程存在帧率变换从而出现重复帧时，将所述重复帧的帧类型标记为前向预测编码帧，采用SKIP编码模式对所述重复帧中的缺省宏块进行编码。
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