WO2017088766A1 - Absorption refrigeration unit and absorption refrigeration matrix - Google Patents

Absorption refrigeration unit and absorption refrigeration matrix Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017088766A1
WO2017088766A1 PCT/CN2016/106957 CN2016106957W WO2017088766A1 WO 2017088766 A1 WO2017088766 A1 WO 2017088766A1 CN 2016106957 W CN2016106957 W CN 2016106957W WO 2017088766 A1 WO2017088766 A1 WO 2017088766A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
refrigeration unit
absorption refrigeration
water
water flow
tube
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PCT/CN2016/106957
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
邱伟
杨如民
武祥辉
武维建
刘彦武
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四川捷元科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2017088766A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017088766A1/en

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/06Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62Absorption based systems

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of production of a lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine, and particularly relates to a small absorption refrigerating unit and an absorption refrigerating matrix which can be combined and expanded.
  • the absorption chiller has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, etc. It is easy to use new energy such as solar energy and industrial waste heat waste heat, and has been continuously developed. Miniaturization and familyization will be another trend after it has been put into industrial applications.
  • the lithium bromide absorption chiller uses pure water as the refrigerant, that is, it relies on pure water to evaporate and absorb heat in a high vacuum environment to realize the refrigeration function.
  • the refrigerant water vapor after the endothermic evaporation is absorbed, transported, heated and regenerated, condensed by the lithium bromide solution, and returned to the liquid state again, and then again absorbs heat and evaporates, and the refrigeration cycle is continuously performed.
  • the evaporation temperature of the evaporator is generally set at about 5 ° C, which requires that the saturation pressure in the working chamber of the evaporator must be maintained at about 872 Pa.
  • This kind of pressure has high requirements on the airtightness of the refrigerator.
  • most of the shells must be made of thick steel plates or castings, and the copper tubes are heat exchange tubes. Shell-and-tube heat exchange structure.
  • the chiller is bulky, heavy, and has poor corrosion resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to make new improvements to the structure of the refrigerator to meet the requirements of lighter, more efficient, more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
  • a high efficiency absorption refrigeration unit including a regenerator, an absorber, a condenser, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a solution tank, and the like.
  • a refrigeration unit is an independent and complete absorption chiller; at the same time, any number of refrigeration units can be combined into a large refrigeration matrix through a uniform water flow interface and integrated water flow piping system.
  • the absorption refrigeration unit is an absorption refrigerating machine, and each refrigeration unit is provided with at least two groups of water flow interface groups composed of a plurality of water flow interfaces, and the set of water flow connections
  • the mouth group includes the inlet and outlet of hot water, the inlet and outlet of cold water, and the inlet and outlet of cooling water.
  • the refrigeration unit is provided with at least two combined surfaces; each group of water flow interface groups are distributed on the combined surface; adjacent absorption refrigeration units are connected to each other through a water flow interface on the combination surface, so that any number of the absorptions are The refrigeration unit can be inserted into each other through the water flow interface to form an absorption refrigeration matrix.
  • the body of the refrigeration unit is designed as a rectangular parallelepiped, and the combined surface is a rectangular parallelepiped surface; each of the combined surfaces is provided with a group of water flow interface groups; and the water flow interfaces on the combined surfaces are adjacent to each other.
  • the absorption refrigeration unit constitutes the absorption refrigeration matrix.
  • the combined faces of the adjacent refrigeration units are designed to closely fit to each other to form the unit combined refrigeration matrix.
  • the position distribution manners of the water flow interfaces on the six combined surfaces are: the water flow interfaces of the upper and lower combined faces are mirror-symmetrical to each other; the water flow interfaces of the left and right combined faces are mirror-symmetrical to each other, and the water flow interfaces of the front and rear combined faces are mirror-symmetrical to each other.
  • the absorption refrigeration unit has a water flow interface, a water flow pipe system; a regenerator, an absorber, a condenser, an evaporator, and a solution heat exchanger; and a solution tank.
  • the water flow interface has the same structure and is a standard water flow interface; the water flow interface includes a socket and a plug; the plug end is provided with a barb and an O-ring; the barb is inserted and engaged in the An inner wall of the socket, the O-ring gasket is disposed between the plug and the socket for sealing purposes.
  • the water flow pipe system includes an integrated water flow pipe system disposed in the refrigeration unit housing and formed integrally with the refrigeration unit housing; and the corresponding water flow interfaces on different combination surfaces are electrically connected to each other, and the absorption type
  • the heat exchanger tubes inside the refrigeration unit are connected to each other such that the absorption refrigeration unit can simultaneously or separately introduce hot water, cold water and cooling water from any one of the combined surfaces.
  • the water flow interface and the integrated water flow pipe system are interconnected to jointly form a water flow channel of the absorption refrigeration unit, wherein the hot water inflow channel: accesses from any hot water inlet on the four combined faces Connecting to the inlet of the tube of the regenerator through an integrated hot water inlet pipe;
  • Hot water outflow channel from the outlet of the tube of the regenerator, through the integrated hot water a pipe connected to any of the hot water outlets on the four combined faces;
  • Cold water inflow passage accessing from any of the cold water inlets on the four combined faces, through an integrated cold water inlet pipe, connected to the inlet of the tube of the evaporator heat exchanger;
  • a cold water outflow channel flowing from the outlet of the tube of the evaporator, through an integral cold water outlet pipe, connected to any of the cold water outlets on the four combined faces;
  • Cooling water inflow passage accessing from any of the four cooling water inlets, through an integral cooling water inlet conduit, to the inlet of the tube of the absorber and condenser;
  • Cooling water outflow passage flowing out from the outlet of the tube of the absorber and the condenser, through an integrated cooling water inlet pipe, connected to any of the cooling water outlets on the four combined faces;
  • Any one of the four combined faces of the absorption refrigeration unit can be connected to and taken out of hot water, cold water and cooling water separately or simultaneously.
  • the regenerator, the absorber, the condenser and the evaporator are shell-and-tube heat exchangers; comprising a shell side composed of a fuselage body shell, and a heat exchange tube closely arranged in the shell Tube process.
  • the regenerator and the condenser are located at an upper portion of the body cavity of the refrigeration unit; the regenerator is configured to heat and evaporate the refrigerant water absorbed in the lithium bromide solution to obtain the refrigerant vapor; the heat absorbed by the evaporation process is determined by the tube process.
  • the hot water is provided; the condenser is configured to cool and condense the refrigerant vapor obtained in the regenerator into refrigerant water, and the refrigerant water flows to the evaporator shell after being throttled.
  • the evaporator and the absorber are located at a lower portion of the body of the refrigeration unit, referred to as a shallow trough evaporation mechanism.
  • the evaporator absorbs heat by evaporation of the shell-side refrigerant water to cool the cold water of the tube; the absorber is used for absorbing the refrigerant vapor generated by the shell side of the evaporator into the lithium bromide solution, and the heat released during the absorption process is The cooling water of the tube is taken away.
  • a diversion channel is disposed between the upper and lower heat exchange tubes; the bottom of the trough is provided with a plurality of rectangular drainage holes, and two adjacent drainage channels
  • the upper drain holes are staggered from each other in the vertical direction; the shell-side fluid is uniformly dispersed to the lower heat exchange tube surface through the drain holes.
  • the combination of the heat exchange tube and the guide trough adopts a self-locking sealing structure, and the two ends of the diversion trough are provided with a conical hole with a small inner and outer large, and the heat exchange tube is installed in the conical hole and is sleeved from the outer end.
  • the sealing ring when the inside of the diversion tank is evacuated, under the joint action of the conical hole and the O-ring, self-locking by the pressure difference generated inside and outside the diversion groove, thereby ensuring the refrigeration unit High vacuum sealing requirements.
  • the solution heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger disposed on the absorption refrigeration unit
  • the heat exchange wall plates with the textured ribs on the inner wall are equidistantly arranged at a certain interval for supporting the heat exchange wall plate to withstand the vacuum pressure and forming a hot and cold fluid.
  • the flow channel causes turbulent flow of the fluid flowing through the ridge to increase the heat transfer coefficient, and facilitates heat exchange between the low temperature dilute solution in the absorption refrigeration unit and the high temperature concentrated solution.
  • the solution tank is disposed at a lower portion of the evaporator and the absorber for recovering a dilute lithium bromide solution generated in the absorber, and supplies the regenerator with a desired dilute lithium bromide solution.
  • the absorption refrigeration unit body casing, the water flow interface, the integrated water flow pipe system, the casing of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the solution tank are made of engineering plastics;
  • the heat exchange tube and the heat exchange wall plate are made of stainless steel material
  • the working fluid of the absorption refrigeration unit uses a lithium bromide solution.
  • An absorption refrigeration matrix is provided, including the absorption refrigeration unit described above.
  • the designed refrigeration unit itself is a self-contained, complete absorption chiller. It adopts precision injection molding process, adopts engineering plastics and stainless steel as the main materials, with high integration, good corrosion resistance, good air tightness and liquid tightness, which fundamentally avoids the influence of non-condensable gas, and the refrigeration unit operates reliably. Increased in sex, energy saving and environmental protection, easy to install and maintenance free.
  • the refrigeration unit adopts a precision injection molding process to improve the integration degree of the components, thereby greatly reducing the volume and weight of the refrigeration unit, which are one tenth of the conventional absorption refrigerators of the same capacity.
  • the refrigeration unit can be combined into a large-scale refrigeration matrix with variable capacity by building blocks, which can greatly improve production efficiency, reduce manufacturing cost and production cycle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of an absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic exploded view of the absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention.
  • 3A is a schematic perspective view showing the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • 3B is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Figure 3C is a perspective view showing the exploded structure of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • Figure 3D is an exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic perspective view showing the three-dimensional installation structure of the plate type solution heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • 4B is a schematic structural view of a bare heat exchange wall plate after removing part of the components of the plate type solution heat exchanger of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the direct splicing structure of six absorption refrigeration units according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the concentrated solution goes to the channel 404 of the absorber shell
  • Refrigeration matrix hot water inlet 511
  • Refrigeration matrix hot water outlet 512
  • Refrigeration matrix cold water outlet 514
  • Cooling matrix cooling water outlet 516 Cooling matrix cooling water outlet 516.
  • the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • the absorption refrigeration unit has a cooling power of 4RT (about 14 kW) and a host volume of only 840 ⁇ 400 ⁇ 200 (mm 3 ). ), less than 0.1 cubic meters, processed by precision injection molding.
  • the inside is provided with heat exchange components such as a regenerator, an evaporator, an absorber, and a condenser.
  • the absorption refrigeration unit uses a lithium bromide solution + a refrigerant water as a working medium pair, and relies on the evaporation of heat of the refrigerant water in a high vacuum environment to achieve refrigeration.
  • the refrigerant water absorbs heat and evaporates into a refrigerant vapor.
  • the refrigerant vapor no longer has a phase change endothermic capacity. Therefore, it is absorbed by the lithium bromide solution and then regenerated by heating with the lithium bromide solution to generate a refrigerant vapor.
  • the refrigerant vapor is condensed and returned to the liquid refrigerant water to be again absorbed by heat.
  • the refrigerant water absorbs heat and absorbs - absorption - regeneration - condensation - and then absorbs heat and evaporates, so that the source continuously performs the refrigeration cycle.
  • the cold water, hot water and cooling water exchange heat between the evaporator, the regenerator, the absorber and the various components of the condenser to complete the refrigeration process.
  • the refrigeration unit obtains energy from the outside through hot water, cooling water and cold water pipes, and releases heat to the outside and supplies cold to the outside.
  • the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration unit shown in Figure 1 also has independent hot water, cold water, cooling water piping system, solution heat exchange and circulation system to form an independent and complete refrigerator.
  • its cooling power is called unit power.
  • the refrigeration unit has the ability to form a large refrigeration matrix by combining, so that the total power becomes the sum of the combined unit power, as shown in Figure 5 and later. As shown in the text.
  • the present invention provides a set of water flow interface groups on the four combined faces of the absorption refrigeration unit: upper combined face 110, left combined face 120, lower combined face 130, and right combined face 140: hot water inlet , hot water outlet, cold water inlet, cold water outlet, cooling water outlet and cooling water inlet.
  • upper combined face 110 and the right combined surface 140 visible in FIG. 1 as an example: a hot water inlet 111, a hot water outlet 112, a cold water inlet 113, a cold water outlet 114, a cooling water inlet 115, and a hot water inlet 113 are respectively disposed on the upper combined surface 110.
  • the cooling water outlet 116; the right side surface 140 is provided with a hot water inlet 121, a hot water outlet 122, a cold water inlet 123, a cold water outlet 124, a cooling water inlet 125, and a cooling water outlet 126, respectively.
  • the lower side 130 opposite to the upper side 110 is provided with six identical water flow interfaces that are mirror-symmetrical to the upper side 110, and the left combined surface 120 (back) opposite the right side is provided with the right combined surface.
  • 140 is mirrored symmetrically with six identical water flow interfaces. The symmetrical design of the upper and lower sides makes the corresponding water flow interfaces align and join together when the two absorption refrigeration units are combined up and down or left and right.
  • each combined surface is provided with a set of interface groups for connection with adjacent refrigeration units (or external energy medium).
  • Each group of interface groups includes six water flow interfaces. In actual use, according to the actual situation, four water flow interfaces or other number of water flow interfaces may be used as one interface group on one combined surface.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the assembly explosion of the absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention.
  • a plurality of water flow pipes formed by the mutual matching of the housing wall plates are disposed in the upper side surface 110 of the absorption refrigeration unit; respectively, a hot water inlet pipe 211, a hot water outlet pipe 212, and a cold water inlet pipe 213.
  • a cold water outlet pipe 214, a cooling water inlet pipe 215, and a cooling water outlet pipe 216 and respectively correspond to the hot water inlet 111, the hot water outlet 112, the cold water inlet 113, the cold water outlet 114, the cooling water inlet 115, and the cooling water outlet 116.
  • connection that is, the hot water inlet pipe 211 is connected to the hot water inlet 111, the hot water outlet pipe 212 is connected to the hot water outlet 112, the cold water inlet pipe 213 is connected to the cold water inlet 113, and the cold water outlet pipe 214 and the cold water outlet 114 are connected.
  • the cooling water inlet pipe 215 is connected to the cooling water inlet 115, and the cooling water outlet pipe 216 is connected to the cooling water outlet 116.
  • the right combination surface 140 of the absorption refrigeration unit is provided with a plurality of water flow pipes formed by the mutual cooperation of the housing wall plates; respectively, the hot water inlet pipe 221, the hot water outlet pipe 222, and the cold water.
  • the inlet pipe 223, the cold water outlet pipe 224, the cooling water inlet pipe 225, and the cooling water outlet pipe 226 are respectively associated with the hot water inlet 121, the hot water outlet 122, the cold water inlet 123, the cold water outlet 124, the cooling water inlet 125, and the cooling water.
  • the outlet 126 is connected, that is, the hot water inlet pipe 221 is connected to the hot water inlet 121, the hot water outlet pipe 222 is connected to the hot water outlet 122, the cold water inlet pipe 223 is connected to the cold water inlet 123, and the cold water outlet pipe 224 is connected.
  • the cold water outlets 124 are connected, the cooling water inlet pipes 225 are connected to the cooling water inlets 125, and the cooling water outlet pipes 226 are connected to the cooling water outlets 126.
  • the water outflow inlets on the respective combination faces are communicated with each other through the water flow pipe, so that the absorption refrigeration unit can simultaneously or separately introduce the hot water, the cold water and the cooling water from any one of the combined faces.
  • the refrigeration unit communicates with the external heat source, cold source, cooling water source or adjacent absorption refrigeration unit through the water flow interface on the four combined surfaces to supply or withdraw the water flow, and the hot water, cold water and cooling water are absorbed.
  • the tubes of the respective heat exchangers inside the refrigeration unit are connected: the four hot water inlets 111, 121 of the hot water, and the water inlet pipe and the regeneration formed by the hot water inlet channels 211, 221, etc. built in the four wall plates.
  • the inlet of the device is connected to provide heat for the refrigeration unit; the four cold water inlets 113, 213 of the cold water are connected to the inlet of the evaporator through the inlet pipe formed by the cold water inlet channel 213, 223, etc.; the four cooling water of the cooling water
  • the water inlet pipes formed by the inlets 115, 125 and the like through the cooling water inlet channels 215, 225 and the like are connected to the inlets of the condenser and the absorber; similarly, the respective water outlet ports on the four combined faces are built in by the four walls.
  • the connected outlet pipes are connected to the outlets of the respective heat exchangers to form a complete supply pipe system.
  • 3A is a schematic perspective view showing the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 300 of the present invention.
  • the heat exchanger 300 is a key structure of heat exchange components such as regenerators, absorbers, and condensers in the refrigeration unit.
  • the heat exchanger 300 is arranged in a layer by a plurality of rows of heat exchange tubes 310.
  • the heat exchange members which are stacked together are shown in Fig. 3A as two rows of heat exchange tubes 310, and the other layers are identical in structure, and are sequentially stacked.
  • the hot water pipe 310 is internally provided with hot water, or cold water or cooling water for heating or cooling the cold solution or the refrigerant water or the hot solution flowing outside the heat exchange tube, and the fluids of the two different temperatures pass through the heat exchange.
  • the tube 310 wall is heat exchanged.
  • the heat exchange tube 310 and the guide groove 321 are combined to adopt a self-locking sealing structure.
  • a tapered hole having a small inside and a large opening is formed at both ends of the guide groove, and the heat exchange tube is installed in the tapered hole and the O-ring 330 is sleeved from the outer end.
  • the conical hole and the O-ring 330 act together to self-lock by the pressure difference generated inside and outside the diversion groove, thereby ensuring a high vacuum seal of the refrigeration unit.
  • 3B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the two rows of heat exchange tubes 310.
  • the distance between the two adjacent heat exchange tubes 310 in the horizontal direction is 4 mm, and the center of the circle in the vertical direction. The distance is 7mm.
  • the heat exchange tubes are all made of the same diameter of 3 mm. This extremely thin heat exchange tube and compact arrangement make it possible to obtain a very high heat transfer area per unit volume and improve heat exchange efficiency.
  • Figure 3C is an exploded structural view of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger shown in Figure 3A;
  • each layer of the flow guiding grooves 322 and 323 is disposed between the heat exchange tubes of the heat exchanger 300 of the regenerator, the absorber and the condenser, and the guiding groove not only functions as a diversion, but also The upper heat exchange tube 310 is supported.
  • the upper heat exchange tube 310 is supported.
  • a solution distributor 321 is disposed above the top heat exchange tube, and is provided with a plurality of drain holes 340, and the drain hole 340 can disperse the solution flowing through the solution distributor 321 to the lower second row of the flow guiding grooves 322.
  • the surface of the heat exchange tube is provided above the top heat exchange tube, and is provided with a plurality of drain holes 340, and the drain hole 340 can disperse the solution flowing through the solution distributor 321 to the lower second row of the flow guiding grooves 322.
  • the flow path of the dilute solution after being diverted by the solution distributor 321 and the first layer flow guiding groove 322 is described by taking the solution distributor 321 and the two flow guiding grooves (322, 323) as the flow guiding structure as an example.
  • the bleed hole 340 on the solution distributor 321 and the bleed hole on the flow guiding grooves 322, 323 are mutually staggered in the vertical direction, and the bleed hole and the guiding groove cooperate to make the solution under the action of gravity, as shown in the figure
  • the flow path of the water droplets in 3C is shown in the shape of "Z", which is used to prolong the heat exchange time between the solution and the heat exchange tube, and to ensure that the refrigerant water has sufficient time for heat exchange regeneration. This configuration forces the solution to be continuously redirected in the flow channels 322, 323, and the local turbulence enhances the convective heat transfer coefficient between the solution and the heat exchange tubes.
  • regenerator In the refrigeration unit of the present invention, the regenerator, absorber, condenser and evaporator have the same or similar structure.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic perspective view showing the three-dimensional installation structure of the plate type solution heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • the plate solution heat exchanger 135 is disposed inside the rectangular area 140 on the right side of the refrigeration unit, and is integrated with the refrigeration unit;
  • the solution tank 410 is substantially square and cooperates with the internal structure of the lower portion of the refrigeration unit body.
  • the solution tank 410 is flexibly shaped according to the idle position of the lower chamber of the refrigeration unit, so that the entire solution tank 410 is perfectly matched and embedded in the refrigeration unit, and the free space in the refrigeration unit body is fully utilized to make the volume more compact.
  • 4B is a schematic structural view of a bare heat exchange wall plate after removing part of the components of the plate type solution heat exchanger of the present invention
  • the plate solution heat exchanger body 405 is internally separated by a plurality of heat exchange walls 420 to form channels through which the hot and cold solution flows: the dilute solution channels and the concentrated solution channels which are separated from each other.
  • the low temperature dilute solution and the high temperature concentrated solution are simultaneously in contact with the heat exchange wall plate 420, and the heat exchange wall plate 420 becomes a medium for heat exchange between the low temperature dilute solution and the high temperature concentrated solution.
  • the four corners of the solution heat exchanger body 405 are respectively provided with inlets and outlets for the solution channels, respectively: a concentrated solution inlet 406 in the upper left corner, a concentrated solution outlet 402 in the lower left corner, a dilute solution inlet 401 in the lower right corner, and an upper left corner. Dilute solution outlet 408.
  • a solution pump 403 is used to power the dilute solution flowing in the solution heat exchanger 135, pump it from the dilute solution inlet 401 in the lower right corner to the dilute solution outlet 408 in the upper left corner, and transport it to the regeneration through the connecting tubes 412 and 409.
  • the solution dispenser of the device not shown.
  • the heat exchange wall plate 420 is stamped by a cold pressing process on a stainless steel plate, and a densely distributed, longitudinal and lateral ridge 422 is formed on the surface of the plate, and the rib-shaped rib 422 is used for The pressure generated by the vacuum received by the heat exchange wall 420 is supported, and at the same time, the fluid flowing through the ribs 422 is turbulent to increase the heat transfer coefficient.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing a direct splicing structure of six absorption refrigeration units according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • six refrigeration units 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506 are superimposed and combined in a 3 x 2 manner to form a refrigeration matrix.
  • the water flow interfaces on the adjacent combination faces of the six refrigeration units 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506 are connected together, for example, the hot water inlets of the respective refrigeration units are connected to the hot water flow inlets of the adjacent refrigeration units.
  • hot water supplied from a hot water source for example, a boiler, a solar water heater
  • hot water is supplied to the regenerators of the respective refrigeration units through the hot water pipes in each refrigeration unit.
  • the hot water After the hot water is exchanged by the regenerators of the refrigeration matrix, the hot water flows out through the hot water outlet pipes of the respective refrigeration units, and finally the hot water of the refrigeration matrix is returned to the hot water source from the inlet and outlet port 512 of the refrigeration unit 503.
  • the cold water from the cold load is input to the evaporator of the refrigeration matrix through the cold water inlet 513 of the refrigeration unit 501, and is cooled by the heat of the refrigerant water in the evaporator, and then returned to the cold load from the cold water outlet 514 of the refrigeration unit 503.
  • the cooling water from the cooling tower is supplied to the condenser and the absorber of the refrigeration matrix through the cooling water inlet 515 of the refrigeration unit 501, and after the heat discharged from the condenser/absorber is absorbed, the cooling water is discharged from the cooling water outlet 516 of the refrigeration unit 503. Go back to the cooling tower.
  • the combined faces of adjacent refrigeration units are in close contact.
  • the six refrigeration units are combined to form a single working unit, and the combined cooling power of the cooling matrix is 6 ⁇ 4RT (about 84 kW), which is 6 times of the basic unit power, and the cooling power is realized by matrix combination. Multiplier expansion.
  • the standard refrigeration unit of the invention adopts a novel engineering material resistant to high heat and corrosion as a fuselage material, and adopts an integral injection molding process.
  • the water flow pipe embedded in the refrigeration unit, the lithium bromide solution pipe and the solution storage tank are all precision injection molded.
  • the heat exchange tube of the refrigeration unit adopts a stainless steel tube, the heat exchanger adopts a compact shell heat exchanger; the solution heat exchanger uses a plate heat exchanger; each heat exchanger is located inside the fuselage and is integrated with the fuselage.
  • the absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention can have many variations, such as changing the contact surface of the water flow interface, changing the layout position of the water flow interface on each side, etc., without departing from the spirit, scope and background of the teachings of the present invention. . It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes in the parameters and dimensions of the disclosed embodiments are intended to be included within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Abstract

An absorption refrigeration unit and an absorption refrigeration matrix: said absorption refrigeration unit is an absorption refrigerator, each refrigeration unit is provided with at least two sets of water ports, each set of water ports comprises a plurality of water ports, and the water ports comprise hot water inlets (111, 121) and outlets (112, 122), cold water inlets (113, 123) and outlets (114, 124), and cooling water inlets (115, 125) and outlets (116, 126); the hot water outlets (112, 122) of a refrigerator and the hot water inlets (111, 121) of a neighboring refrigerator are in communication with each other, the cold water outlets (114, 124) of a refrigerator and the cold water inlets (113, 123) of a neighboring refrigerator are in communication with each other, and the cooling water outlets (116, 126) of a refrigerator and the cooling water inlets (115, 125) of a neighboring refrigerator are in communication with each other. Said refrigeration unit itself is an independent and complete absorption refrigerator. By means of adopting a precision injection molding process and utilizing engineering plastics and stainless steel as main materials, the refrigeration unit enjoys a high degree of integration, good corrosion resistance, good air tightness and fluid tightness.

Description

吸收式制冷单元和吸收式制冷矩阵Absorption refrigeration unit and absorption refrigeration matrix 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于溴化锂吸收式制冷机生产领域,具体涉及一种可组合扩展的小型吸收式制冷单元和吸收式制冷矩阵。The invention belongs to the field of production of a lithium bromide absorption refrigerating machine, and particularly relates to a small absorption refrigerating unit and an absorption refrigerating matrix which can be combined and expanded.
背景技术Background technique
吸收式制冷机具有节能、环保等优点,易于使用太阳能和工业余热废热等新型能源,得到了不断的发展。小型化、家庭化将会是其付诸工业应用领域后的又一趋势。The absorption chiller has the advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, etc. It is easy to use new energy such as solar energy and industrial waste heat waste heat, and has been continuously developed. Miniaturization and familyization will be another trend after it has been put into industrial applications.
溴化锂吸收式制冷机是以纯水为冷媒,即依靠纯水在高真空环境下蒸发吸热,而实现制冷功能的。吸热蒸发后的冷媒水蒸气被溴化锂溶液吸收、搬运、加热再生、冷凝,重新变回液态后,再次吸热蒸发,源源不断的进行制冷循环。The lithium bromide absorption chiller uses pure water as the refrigerant, that is, it relies on pure water to evaporate and absorb heat in a high vacuum environment to realize the refrigeration function. The refrigerant water vapor after the endothermic evaporation is absorbed, transported, heated and regenerated, condensed by the lithium bromide solution, and returned to the liquid state again, and then again absorbs heat and evaporates, and the refrigeration cycle is continuously performed.
受纯水的物理化学性质所限,蒸发器的蒸发温度一般设置在5℃左右,这就要求蒸发器工作腔内的饱和压力必须保持在872Pa左右。这种压力对制冷机的气密性要求很高,传统的吸收式制冷机为了保证高压强的密封性能,使得壳体多数须采用很厚的钢板或者铸件制成,铜管为换热管的管壳式换热结构。相应地,制冷机的体积很大,重量很重,而且耐腐蚀的性能也比较差。因而迫切需要对制冷机的结构进行新的改进以满足更轻、更高效、更节能环保的要求。Due to the physical and chemical properties of pure water, the evaporation temperature of the evaporator is generally set at about 5 ° C, which requires that the saturation pressure in the working chamber of the evaporator must be maintained at about 872 Pa. This kind of pressure has high requirements on the airtightness of the refrigerator. In order to ensure the high-pressure sealing performance of the conventional absorption chiller, most of the shells must be made of thick steel plates or castings, and the copper tubes are heat exchange tubes. Shell-and-tube heat exchange structure. Correspondingly, the chiller is bulky, heavy, and has poor corrosion resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to make new improvements to the structure of the refrigerator to meet the requirements of lighter, more efficient, more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的为了解决以上问题,设计一种高效吸收式制冷单元,包括再生器、吸收器、冷凝器、蒸发器、溶液热交换器和溶液箱等。一个制冷单元就是一个独立完整的吸收式制冷机;同时,通过规格统一的水流接口和一体式水流管道系统,任意数量的制冷单元还能组合成大型制冷矩阵。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, a high efficiency absorption refrigeration unit is designed, including a regenerator, an absorber, a condenser, an evaporator, a solution heat exchanger, a solution tank, and the like. A refrigeration unit is an independent and complete absorption chiller; at the same time, any number of refrigeration units can be combined into a large refrigeration matrix through a uniform water flow interface and integrated water flow piping system.
具体技术方案如下:The specific technical solutions are as follows:
设计一种吸收式制冷单元,所述吸收式制冷单元为吸收式制冷机,每个制冷单元设有至少两组由若干水流接口组成的水流接口群,所述一组水流接 口群包括热水的入口和出口、冷水的入口和出口,以及冷却水的入口和出口。An absorption refrigeration unit is designed. The absorption refrigeration unit is an absorption refrigerating machine, and each refrigeration unit is provided with at least two groups of water flow interface groups composed of a plurality of water flow interfaces, and the set of water flow connections The mouth group includes the inlet and outlet of hot water, the inlet and outlet of cold water, and the inlet and outlet of cooling water.
进一步的,所述制冷单元设有至少两个组合面;各组水流接口群分布在组合面上;相邻的吸收式制冷单元通过组合面上的水流接口相互连接,使得任意数量的所述吸收式制冷单元能够通过所述水流接口彼此插接构成吸收式制冷矩阵。Further, the refrigeration unit is provided with at least two combined surfaces; each group of water flow interface groups are distributed on the combined surface; adjacent absorption refrigeration units are connected to each other through a water flow interface on the combination surface, so that any number of the absorptions are The refrigeration unit can be inserted into each other through the water flow interface to form an absorption refrigeration matrix.
进一步的,将所述制冷单元的机身设计为长方体,所述组合面为长方体的6个表面;每个组合面上设有一组水流接口群;通过所述组合面上的水流接口连接相邻的吸收式制冷单元,构成所述的吸收式制冷矩阵。Further, the body of the refrigeration unit is designed as a rectangular parallelepiped, and the combined surface is a rectangular parallelepiped surface; each of the combined surfaces is provided with a group of water flow interface groups; and the water flow interfaces on the combined surfaces are adjacent to each other. The absorption refrigeration unit constitutes the absorption refrigeration matrix.
进一步的,将相邻制冷单元的组合面设计为相互紧密贴合以连接组成所述单元组合式制冷矩阵。Further, the combined faces of the adjacent refrigeration units are designed to closely fit to each other to form the unit combined refrigeration matrix.
进一步的,所述6个组合面上水流接口的位置分布方式为:上下组合面的水流接口相互镜像对称;左右组合面的水流接口相互镜像对称,前后组合面的水流接口相互镜像对称。Further, the position distribution manners of the water flow interfaces on the six combined surfaces are: the water flow interfaces of the upper and lower combined faces are mirror-symmetrical to each other; the water flow interfaces of the left and right combined faces are mirror-symmetrical to each other, and the water flow interfaces of the front and rear combined faces are mirror-symmetrical to each other.
进一步的,所述吸收式制冷单元具有水流接口、水流管道系统;再生器、吸收器、冷凝器、蒸发器和溶液热交换器;以及溶液箱。Further, the absorption refrigeration unit has a water flow interface, a water flow pipe system; a regenerator, an absorber, a condenser, an evaporator, and a solution heat exchanger; and a solution tank.
进一步的,所述水流接口结构相同,是标准水流接口;所述水流接口包括插座与插头;所述插头端部设有倒勾和O型密封圈;所述倒勾插入并卡合在所述插座的内壁,所述O型密封圈垫设在所述插头与插座之间,用于达到密封的目的。Further, the water flow interface has the same structure and is a standard water flow interface; the water flow interface includes a socket and a plug; the plug end is provided with a barb and an O-ring; the barb is inserted and engaged in the An inner wall of the socket, the O-ring gasket is disposed between the plug and the socket for sealing purposes.
进一步的,所述水流管道系统包括一体式水流管道系统,设置在制冷单元壳体内,与制冷单元壳体形成一个整体;将不同组合面上相应的水流接口相互导通,并与所述吸收式制冷单元内部的换热器管程相连接,使得所述吸收式制冷单元从任何一个组合面均可同时或分别引入引出热水、冷水和冷却水。Further, the water flow pipe system includes an integrated water flow pipe system disposed in the refrigeration unit housing and formed integrally with the refrigeration unit housing; and the corresponding water flow interfaces on different combination surfaces are electrically connected to each other, and the absorption type The heat exchanger tubes inside the refrigeration unit are connected to each other such that the absorption refrigeration unit can simultaneously or separately introduce hot water, cold water and cooling water from any one of the combined surfaces.
进一步的,所述水流接口与所述一体式水流管道系统相互连接,共同构成所述吸收式制冷单元的水流通道,其中热水流入通道:从四个组合面上的任一热水入口接入,通过一体式热水入水管道,连接到所述再生器的管程的入口;Further, the water flow interface and the integrated water flow pipe system are interconnected to jointly form a water flow channel of the absorption refrigeration unit, wherein the hot water inflow channel: accesses from any hot water inlet on the four combined faces Connecting to the inlet of the tube of the regenerator through an integrated hot water inlet pipe;
热水流出通道:从所述再生器的管程的出口流出,通过一体式热水出水 管道,连接到四个组合面上的任一热水出口;Hot water outflow channel: from the outlet of the tube of the regenerator, through the integrated hot water a pipe connected to any of the hot water outlets on the four combined faces;
冷水流入通道:从四个组合面上的任一冷水入口接入,通过一体式冷水入水管道,连接到所述蒸发器换热器的管程的入口;Cold water inflow passage: accessing from any of the cold water inlets on the four combined faces, through an integrated cold water inlet pipe, connected to the inlet of the tube of the evaporator heat exchanger;
冷水流出通道:从所述蒸发器的管程的出口流出,通过一体式冷水出水管道,连接到四个组合面上的任一冷水出口;a cold water outflow channel: flowing from the outlet of the tube of the evaporator, through an integral cold water outlet pipe, connected to any of the cold water outlets on the four combined faces;
冷却水流入通道:从四个组合面上的任一冷却水入口接入,通过一体式冷却水入水管道,连接到所述吸收器及冷凝器的管程的入口;Cooling water inflow passage: accessing from any of the four cooling water inlets, through an integral cooling water inlet conduit, to the inlet of the tube of the absorber and condenser;
冷却水流出通道:从所述吸收器及冷凝器的管程的出口流出,通过一体式冷却水入水管道,连接到四个组合面上的任一冷却水出口;Cooling water outflow passage: flowing out from the outlet of the tube of the absorber and the condenser, through an integrated cooling water inlet pipe, connected to any of the cooling water outlets on the four combined faces;
使得所述吸收式制冷单元的四个组合面中,任何一个组合面均可单独或者同时接入和引出热水、冷水和冷却水。Any one of the four combined faces of the absorption refrigeration unit can be connected to and taken out of hot water, cold water and cooling water separately or simultaneously.
进一步的,所述再生器、吸收器、冷凝器和蒸发器为管壳式换热器;包括由制冷单元机身壳体构成的壳程,以及由在壳体内紧密排列的换热管所构成的管程。其中,所述再生器和冷凝器位于制冷单元机身腔体的上部;所述再生器用于将溴化锂溶液中所吸收的冷媒水加热蒸发,获得冷媒蒸汽;蒸发过程所吸收的热量由管程的热水提供;所述冷凝器用于将再生器中获得的冷媒蒸汽冷却凝结成冷媒水,冷媒水经过节流后流动到所述蒸发器壳程。Further, the regenerator, the absorber, the condenser and the evaporator are shell-and-tube heat exchangers; comprising a shell side composed of a fuselage body shell, and a heat exchange tube closely arranged in the shell Tube process. Wherein, the regenerator and the condenser are located at an upper portion of the body cavity of the refrigeration unit; the regenerator is configured to heat and evaporate the refrigerant water absorbed in the lithium bromide solution to obtain the refrigerant vapor; the heat absorbed by the evaporation process is determined by the tube process. The hot water is provided; the condenser is configured to cool and condense the refrigerant vapor obtained in the regenerator into refrigerant water, and the refrigerant water flows to the evaporator shell after being throttled.
进一步的,所述蒸发器和吸收器位于制冷单元机身腔体的下部,称为浅槽式蒸发机构。其中:所述蒸发器通过壳程冷媒水的蒸发吸热,使管程的冷水降温;所述吸收器用于将蒸发器壳程产生的冷媒蒸气吸收到溴化锂溶液中,吸收过程中放出的热由管程的冷却水带走。Further, the evaporator and the absorber are located at a lower portion of the body of the refrigeration unit, referred to as a shallow trough evaporation mechanism. Wherein: the evaporator absorbs heat by evaporation of the shell-side refrigerant water to cool the cold water of the tube; the absorber is used for absorbing the refrigerant vapor generated by the shell side of the evaporator into the lithium bromide solution, and the heat released during the absorption process is The cooling water of the tube is taken away.
进一步的,针对于浅槽式蒸发机构:在上下两层换热管之间,设置导流槽;所述导流槽的槽底设有若干长方形的泄流孔,相邻两层导流槽上的泄流孔在竖直方向相互错开;通过所述泄流孔将壳程的流体均匀的分散到下方的换热管表面。所述换热管与导流槽结合处采用自锁式密封结构,导流槽两端开有内小外大的锥形孔,换热管安装于锥形孔内并从外端套上O型密封圈,当导流槽内部被抽为真空时,在锥形孔和O型密封圈的共同作用下,利用导流槽内外侧所产生的压差而自锁,从而保证了制冷单元的高真空密封要求。Further, for the shallow trough evaporation mechanism, a diversion channel is disposed between the upper and lower heat exchange tubes; the bottom of the trough is provided with a plurality of rectangular drainage holes, and two adjacent drainage channels The upper drain holes are staggered from each other in the vertical direction; the shell-side fluid is uniformly dispersed to the lower heat exchange tube surface through the drain holes. The combination of the heat exchange tube and the guide trough adopts a self-locking sealing structure, and the two ends of the diversion trough are provided with a conical hole with a small inner and outer large, and the heat exchange tube is installed in the conical hole and is sleeved from the outer end. The sealing ring, when the inside of the diversion tank is evacuated, under the joint action of the conical hole and the O-ring, self-locking by the pressure difference generated inside and outside the diversion groove, thereby ensuring the refrigeration unit High vacuum sealing requirements.
进一步的,所述溶液热交换器为板式换热器,设置在所述吸收式制冷单 元机身侧壁内陷区域内,在内壁分布有织纹状凸条的换热壁板以一定的间隔等距设置,用于支撑换热壁板以承受真空压力,并形成冷热流体的流动通道,使流过凸条的流体产生紊流以提高传热系数,有利于吸收式制冷单元内的低温稀溶液与高温浓溶液进行热交换。Further, the solution heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger disposed on the absorption refrigeration unit In the intrusion area of the side wall of the fuselage, the heat exchange wall plates with the textured ribs on the inner wall are equidistantly arranged at a certain interval for supporting the heat exchange wall plate to withstand the vacuum pressure and forming a hot and cold fluid. The flow channel causes turbulent flow of the fluid flowing through the ridge to increase the heat transfer coefficient, and facilitates heat exchange between the low temperature dilute solution in the absorption refrigeration unit and the high temperature concentrated solution.
进一步的,所述溶液箱,设置在蒸发器及吸收器的下部,用于回收所述吸收器中产生的溴化锂稀溶液,并为所述再生器提供所需要的溴化锂稀溶液。Further, the solution tank is disposed at a lower portion of the evaporator and the absorber for recovering a dilute lithium bromide solution generated in the absorber, and supplies the regenerator with a desired dilute lithium bromide solution.
进一步的,所述吸收式制冷单元机身壳体,所述水流接口,所述一体式水流管道系统,所述管壳式换热器的壳体,以及所述溶液箱为工程塑料制作;Further, the absorption refrigeration unit body casing, the water flow interface, the integrated water flow pipe system, the casing of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the solution tank are made of engineering plastics;
所述换热管及所述换热壁板由不锈钢材料制作;The heat exchange tube and the heat exchange wall plate are made of stainless steel material;
所述吸收式制冷单元的工质采用溴化锂溶液。The working fluid of the absorption refrigeration unit uses a lithium bromide solution.
提供一种吸收式制冷矩阵,包括前文所述的吸收式制冷单元。An absorption refrigeration matrix is provided, including the absorption refrigeration unit described above.
本发明的有益效果在于:The beneficial effects of the invention are:
所设计的制冷单元本身是一个独立完整的吸收式制冷机。其采用精密注塑工艺,采用工程塑料和不锈钢作为主要材料,集成度高,防腐蚀性能好,气密性和液密性好,从根本上避免了不凝气体产生的影响,制冷单元的运行可靠性增加,同时节能环保,安装方便、免维护。The designed refrigeration unit itself is a self-contained, complete absorption chiller. It adopts precision injection molding process, adopts engineering plastics and stainless steel as the main materials, with high integration, good corrosion resistance, good air tightness and liquid tightness, which fundamentally avoids the influence of non-condensable gas, and the refrigeration unit operates reliably. Increased in sex, energy saving and environmental protection, easy to install and maintenance free.
所述制冷单元采用精密注塑工艺,提高部件的集成度,从而大幅度缩小制冷单元的体积和重量,分别为相同容量下传统吸收式制冷机的十分之一。The refrigeration unit adopts a precision injection molding process to improve the integration degree of the components, thereby greatly reducing the volume and weight of the refrigeration unit, which are one tenth of the conventional absorption refrigerators of the same capacity.
所述制冷单元可通过积木式组合,构成容量可变的大型制冷矩阵,能够大大提高生产效率、降低制造成本和生产周期。The refrigeration unit can be combined into a large-scale refrigeration matrix with variable capacity by building blocks, which can greatly improve production efficiency, reduce manufacturing cost and production cycle.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1是本发明的吸收式制冷单元立体结构示意图;1 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of an absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention;
图2是本发明吸收式制冷单元装配爆炸示意图;Figure 2 is a schematic exploded view of the absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention;
图3A是本发明的管壳式换热器的立体结构示意图;3A is a schematic perspective view showing the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention;
图3B是本发明的管壳式换热器横截面结构示意图;3B is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention;
图3C是本发明的管壳式换热器的立体结构爆炸图; Figure 3C is a perspective view showing the exploded structure of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention;
图3D是本发明的管壳式换热器的立体结构爆炸图;Figure 3D is an exploded view of the three-dimensional structure of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of the present invention;
图4A是本发明的板式溶液热交换器立体安装结构示意图;4A is a schematic perspective view showing the three-dimensional installation structure of the plate type solution heat exchanger of the present invention;
图4B是本发明的板式溶液热交换器拆除了部分部件后裸露的换热壁板结构示意图;4B is a schematic structural view of a bare heat exchange wall plate after removing part of the components of the plate type solution heat exchanger of the present invention;
图5是本发明一个实施例即六个吸收式制冷单元的直接拼接结构示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the direct splicing structure of six absorption refrigeration units according to an embodiment of the present invention.
其中,部分部件的标记如下:Among them, some parts are marked as follows:
吸收式制冷单元;Absorption refrigeration unit;
上组合面110;Upper combined surface 110;
下组合面130; Lower combination surface 130;
左组合面120; Left combination surface 120;
右组合面140; Right combination face 140;
热水入口111、121; Hot water inlets 111, 121;
热水出口112、122; Hot water outlets 112, 122;
冷水入口113、123; Cold water inlets 113, 123;
冷水出口114、124; Cold water outlets 114, 124;
冷却水入口115、125;Cooling water inlets 115, 125;
冷却水出口116、126;Cooling water outlets 116, 126;
板式溶液热交换器135;Plate solution heat exchanger 135;
再生器201; Regenerator 201;
冷凝器202; Condenser 202;
吸收器203; Absorber 203;
蒸发器204; Evaporator 204;
热水进水管道211、221;Hot water inlet pipes 211, 221;
热水出水管道212、222;Hot water outlet pipes 212, 222;
冷水进入管道213、223;Cold water entering the pipes 213, 223;
冷水出水管道214、224;Cold water outlet pipes 214, 224;
冷却水进水管道215、225; Cooling water inlet pipes 215, 225;
冷却水出水管道216、226;Cooling water outlet pipes 216, 226;
溶液泵231; Solution pump 231;
溶液箱232; Solution tank 232;
换热器300; Heat exchanger 300;
换热管310; Heat exchange tube 310;
导流槽321、322、323; Guide grooves 321, 322, 323;
O型密封圈330O-ring seal 330
泄流孔340;a drain hole 340;
溶液储液箱410; Solution storage tank 410;
溶液热交换器405; Solution heat exchanger 405;
换热壁板420; Heat exchange wall 420;
稀溶液通道412; Dilute solution channel 412;
浓溶液通道414; Concentrated solution channel 414;
浓溶液入口406; Concentrated solution inlet 406;
稀溶液入口401; Dilute solution inlet 401;
稀溶液出口408; Dilute solution outlet 408;
浓溶液出口402; Concentrated solution outlet 402;
溶液泵403; Solution pump 403;
浓溶液前往吸收器壳程的通道404;The concentrated solution goes to the channel 404 of the absorber shell;
稀溶液前往再生器的通道409;Dilute solution to the channel 409 of the regenerator;
凸条422; Rib 422;
制冷矩阵500Refrigeration matrix 500
制冷单元501、502、503、504、505、506; Refrigeration units 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506;
制冷矩阵热水入口511;Refrigeration matrix hot water inlet 511;
制冷矩阵热水出口512;Refrigeration matrix hot water outlet 512;
制冷矩阵冷水入口513; Refrigeration matrix cold water inlet 513;
制冷矩阵冷水出口514;Refrigeration matrix cold water outlet 514;
制冷矩阵冷却水入口515;Cooling matrix cooling water inlet 515;
制冷矩阵冷却水出口516。Cooling matrix cooling water outlet 516.
具体实施方式detailed description
附图构成本说明书的一部分;下面将参考附图对本发明的各种具体实施方式进行描述。应能理解的是,为了方便说明,本发明使用了表示方向的术语,诸如“前”、“后”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等来描述本发明的各种示例结构部分和元件,但这些方向术语仅仅是依据附图中所显示的示例方位来确定的。由于本发明所公开的实施例可以按照不同的方向设置,所以这些表示方向的术语只是作为说明而不应视作为限制。在可能的情况下,本发明中使用的相同或者相类似的附图标记,指的是相同的部件。The drawings constitute a part of the specification; various embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that, for convenience of description, the present invention uses terms that indicate direction, such as "front", "back", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. to describe each of the present invention. Example structural parts and elements, but these directional terms are only determined in accordance with the example orientations shown in the figures. Since the disclosed embodiments can be arranged in different orientations, these terms are merely illustrative and should not be taken as limiting. Wherever possible, the same or similar reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts.
如图1所示为本发明的溴化锂吸收式制冷单元,其外形为长方体,作为一个实施例,该吸收式制冷单元制冷功率为4RT(约14kW),主机体积只有840×400×200(mm3),不足0.1立方米,采用精密注塑工艺加工而成。内部设有再生器、蒸发器、吸收器、冷凝器等热交换部件。As shown in FIG. 1 , the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. As an embodiment, the absorption refrigeration unit has a cooling power of 4RT (about 14 kW) and a host volume of only 840×400×200 (mm 3 ). ), less than 0.1 cubic meters, processed by precision injection molding. The inside is provided with heat exchange components such as a regenerator, an evaporator, an absorber, and a condenser.
所述吸收式制冷单元以溴化锂溶液+冷媒水为工质对,依靠冷媒水在高真空环境下蒸发吸热实现制冷。冷媒水吸热后蒸发变成冷媒蒸气。冷媒蒸气不再具有相变吸热能力,因此,要被溴化锂溶液吸收,然后再与溴化锂溶液一起加热再生,产生冷媒蒸气,冷媒蒸气被冷凝而重新变回液态冷媒水,从而再次吸热蒸发。冷媒水吸热蒸发—吸收—再生—冷凝—再吸热蒸发,如此源源不断进行制冷循环。其中冷水、热水和冷却水在蒸发器、再生器、吸收器、冷凝器各个部件之间进行热交换以完成制冷流程。制冷单元分别通过热水、冷却水和冷水管道从外界获得能量,并向外界释放热量和向外界供给冷量。The absorption refrigeration unit uses a lithium bromide solution + a refrigerant water as a working medium pair, and relies on the evaporation of heat of the refrigerant water in a high vacuum environment to achieve refrigeration. The refrigerant water absorbs heat and evaporates into a refrigerant vapor. The refrigerant vapor no longer has a phase change endothermic capacity. Therefore, it is absorbed by the lithium bromide solution and then regenerated by heating with the lithium bromide solution to generate a refrigerant vapor. The refrigerant vapor is condensed and returned to the liquid refrigerant water to be again absorbed by heat. The refrigerant water absorbs heat and absorbs - absorption - regeneration - condensation - and then absorbs heat and evaporates, so that the source continuously performs the refrigeration cycle. The cold water, hot water and cooling water exchange heat between the evaporator, the regenerator, the absorber and the various components of the condenser to complete the refrigeration process. The refrigeration unit obtains energy from the outside through hot water, cooling water and cold water pipes, and releases heat to the outside and supplies cold to the outside.
如图1所示的溴化锂吸收式制冷单元还具有独立的热水、冷水、冷却水管道系统、溶液热交换及循环系统,从而构成一台独立完整的制冷机。单独安装运行时,其制冷功率称为单元功率。同时,制冷单元又具备通过组合而构成大型制冷矩阵的能力,使总功率成为组合单元功率的总和,如图5及后 文所示。The lithium bromide absorption refrigeration unit shown in Figure 1 also has independent hot water, cold water, cooling water piping system, solution heat exchange and circulation system to form an independent and complete refrigerator. When installed separately, its cooling power is called unit power. At the same time, the refrigeration unit has the ability to form a large refrigeration matrix by combining, so that the total power becomes the sum of the combined unit power, as shown in Figure 5 and later. As shown in the text.
为适应这种组合,本发明在吸收式制冷单元的四个组合面:上组合面110、左组合面120、下组合面130和右组合面140上分别设置有一组水流接口群:热水入口、热水出口、冷水入口、冷水出口、冷却水出口和冷却水入口。以图1能看见的上组合面110和右组合面140为例:在上组合面110上分别设有热水入口111、热水出口112、冷水入口113、冷水出口114、冷却水入口115和冷却水出口116;右侧表面140分别设有热水入口121、热水出口122、冷水入口123、冷水出口124、冷却水入口125和冷却水出口126。事实上,在与上侧面110相对的下侧面130设有与上侧面110呈镜像对称的6个相同的水流接口,在与右侧面相对的左组合面120(背面)设有与右组合面140呈镜像对称的6个相同的水流接口。这种上下左右相对称的设计,使得当两个吸收式制冷单元在上下组合或是左右组合时,相应的水流接口能对准并连接成一个整体。To accommodate this combination, the present invention provides a set of water flow interface groups on the four combined faces of the absorption refrigeration unit: upper combined face 110, left combined face 120, lower combined face 130, and right combined face 140: hot water inlet , hot water outlet, cold water inlet, cold water outlet, cooling water outlet and cooling water inlet. Taking the upper combined surface 110 and the right combined surface 140 visible in FIG. 1 as an example: a hot water inlet 111, a hot water outlet 112, a cold water inlet 113, a cold water outlet 114, a cooling water inlet 115, and a hot water inlet 113 are respectively disposed on the upper combined surface 110. The cooling water outlet 116; the right side surface 140 is provided with a hot water inlet 121, a hot water outlet 122, a cold water inlet 123, a cold water outlet 124, a cooling water inlet 125, and a cooling water outlet 126, respectively. In fact, the lower side 130 opposite to the upper side 110 is provided with six identical water flow interfaces that are mirror-symmetrical to the upper side 110, and the left combined surface 120 (back) opposite the right side is provided with the right combined surface. 140 is mirrored symmetrically with six identical water flow interfaces. The symmetrical design of the upper and lower sides makes the corresponding water flow interfaces align and join together when the two absorption refrigeration units are combined up and down or left and right.
事实上,长方体的制冷单元6个面中至少有2个面可以设置成组合面,每个组合面设置有一组接口群,用于与相邻的制冷单元(或外界能量媒介)相连接。每组接口群包括有6个水流接口,实际使用中,根据实际情况,用其中4个水流接口或其他个数的水流接口作为一个接口群设置在一个组合面上亦可。In fact, at least two of the six faces of the rectangular cooling unit may be arranged as a combined surface, and each combined surface is provided with a set of interface groups for connection with adjacent refrigeration units (or external energy medium). Each group of interface groups includes six water flow interfaces. In actual use, according to the actual situation, four water flow interfaces or other number of water flow interfaces may be used as one interface group on one combined surface.
图2是本发明吸收式制冷单元装配爆炸示意图。2 is a schematic view showing the assembly explosion of the absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention.
在图2中,吸收式制冷单元的上侧面110内暗设有壳体壁板相互配合形成的多条水流管道;分别为热水进水管道211、热水出水管道212、冷水进水管道213、冷水出水管道214、冷却水进水管道215和冷却水出水管道216,且分别与热水入口111、热水出口112、冷水入口113、冷水出口114、冷却水入口115和冷却水出口116相连接,即热水进水管道211与热水入口111相连接,热水出水管道212与热水出口112相连接,冷水进水管道213与冷水入口113相连接,冷水出水管道214与冷水出口114相连接,冷却水进水管道215与冷却水入口115相连接,冷却水出水管道216与冷却水出口116相连接。 In FIG. 2, a plurality of water flow pipes formed by the mutual matching of the housing wall plates are disposed in the upper side surface 110 of the absorption refrigeration unit; respectively, a hot water inlet pipe 211, a hot water outlet pipe 212, and a cold water inlet pipe 213. a cold water outlet pipe 214, a cooling water inlet pipe 215, and a cooling water outlet pipe 216, and respectively correspond to the hot water inlet 111, the hot water outlet 112, the cold water inlet 113, the cold water outlet 114, the cooling water inlet 115, and the cooling water outlet 116. The connection, that is, the hot water inlet pipe 211 is connected to the hot water inlet 111, the hot water outlet pipe 212 is connected to the hot water outlet 112, the cold water inlet pipe 213 is connected to the cold water inlet 113, and the cold water outlet pipe 214 and the cold water outlet 114 are connected. Connected, the cooling water inlet pipe 215 is connected to the cooling water inlet 115, and the cooling water outlet pipe 216 is connected to the cooling water outlet 116.
同理,在图2中,吸收式制冷单元的右组合面140内暗设有壳体壁板相互配合形成的多条水流管道;分别为热水进水管道221、热水出水管道222、冷水进入管道223、冷水出水管道224、冷却水进水管道225和冷却水出水管道226,且分别与热水入口121、热水出口122、冷水入口123、冷水出口124、冷却水入口125和冷却水出口126相连接,即热水进水管道221与热水入口121相连接,热水出水管道222与热水出口122相连接,冷水进水管道223与冷水入口123相连接,冷水出水管道224与冷水出口124相连接,冷却水进水管道225与冷却水入口125相连接,冷却水出水管道226与冷却水出口126相连接。Similarly, in FIG. 2, the right combination surface 140 of the absorption refrigeration unit is provided with a plurality of water flow pipes formed by the mutual cooperation of the housing wall plates; respectively, the hot water inlet pipe 221, the hot water outlet pipe 222, and the cold water. The inlet pipe 223, the cold water outlet pipe 224, the cooling water inlet pipe 225, and the cooling water outlet pipe 226 are respectively associated with the hot water inlet 121, the hot water outlet 122, the cold water inlet 123, the cold water outlet 124, the cooling water inlet 125, and the cooling water. The outlet 126 is connected, that is, the hot water inlet pipe 221 is connected to the hot water inlet 121, the hot water outlet pipe 222 is connected to the hot water outlet 122, the cold water inlet pipe 223 is connected to the cold water inlet 123, and the cold water outlet pipe 224 is connected. The cold water outlets 124 are connected, the cooling water inlet pipes 225 are connected to the cooling water inlets 125, and the cooling water outlet pipes 226 are connected to the cooling water outlets 126.
通过水流管道将各个组合面上的水流出入口相互连通,使得吸收式制冷单元从任何一个组合面均可同时或分别引入引出热水、冷水和冷却水。每个组合面上的水流接口与机身的水流管道一起,构成了一个水流通道上的四通接头。The water outflow inlets on the respective combination faces are communicated with each other through the water flow pipe, so that the absorption refrigeration unit can simultaneously or separately introduce the hot water, the cold water and the cooling water from any one of the combined faces. The water flow interface on each combination surface, together with the water flow conduit of the fuselage, forms a four-way joint on the water flow passage.
制冷单元通过四个组合面上的水流接口与外界的热源、冷源、冷却水源或相邻的吸收式制冷单元相连通而进行水流的供给或引出,并将热水、冷水和冷却水与吸收式制冷单元内部的各自换热器的管程相连:热水的四个热水入口111、121等通过四个壁板内置的热水进水槽道211、221等所构成的进水管道与再生器的入口相连,为制冷单元提供热能;冷水的四个冷水入口113、213等通过冷水进水槽道213、223等所构成的进水管道与蒸发器的入口相连;冷却水的四个冷却水入口115、125等通过冷却水进水槽道215、225等所构成的进水管道与冷凝器及吸收器的入口相连;同理,四个组合面上的各个出水端口通过四壁内置的与之相连的出水管道与各自换热器的出口相连,形成完整的供流管道系统。The refrigeration unit communicates with the external heat source, cold source, cooling water source or adjacent absorption refrigeration unit through the water flow interface on the four combined surfaces to supply or withdraw the water flow, and the hot water, cold water and cooling water are absorbed. The tubes of the respective heat exchangers inside the refrigeration unit are connected: the four hot water inlets 111, 121 of the hot water, and the water inlet pipe and the regeneration formed by the hot water inlet channels 211, 221, etc. built in the four wall plates. The inlet of the device is connected to provide heat for the refrigeration unit; the four cold water inlets 113, 213 of the cold water are connected to the inlet of the evaporator through the inlet pipe formed by the cold water inlet channel 213, 223, etc.; the four cooling water of the cooling water The water inlet pipes formed by the inlets 115, 125 and the like through the cooling water inlet channels 215, 225 and the like are connected to the inlets of the condenser and the absorber; similarly, the respective water outlet ports on the four combined faces are built in by the four walls. The connected outlet pipes are connected to the outlets of the respective heat exchangers to form a complete supply pipe system.
图3A是本发明的管壳式换热器300的立体结构示意图。3A is a schematic perspective view showing the shell-and-tube heat exchanger 300 of the present invention.
换热器300是制冷单元内再生器、吸收器、冷凝器等热交换部件的关键结构。The heat exchanger 300 is a key structure of heat exchange components such as regenerators, absorbers, and condensers in the refrigeration unit.
如图3A所示,以再生器为例,换热器300由多排换热管310并排一层层 叠加在一起而构成的热交换部件,图3A中呈现了2排换热管310,其他各层结构与之相同,依次叠加。换热管310内部流通有热水、或冷水、或冷却水,用于对换热管外流过的冷溶液、或冷媒水、或热溶液进行加热或降温,两种不同温度的流体通过换热管310管壁进行热交换。As shown in FIG. 3A, taking the regenerator as an example, the heat exchanger 300 is arranged in a layer by a plurality of rows of heat exchange tubes 310. The heat exchange members which are stacked together are shown in Fig. 3A as two rows of heat exchange tubes 310, and the other layers are identical in structure, and are sequentially stacked. The hot water pipe 310 is internally provided with hot water, or cold water or cooling water for heating or cooling the cold solution or the refrigerant water or the hot solution flowing outside the heat exchange tube, and the fluids of the two different temperatures pass through the heat exchange. The tube 310 wall is heat exchanged.
如图3D所示,换热管310与导流槽321结合处采用自锁式密封结构。导流槽两端开有内小外大的锥形孔,换热管安装于锥形孔内并从外端套上O型密封圈330。当导流槽内部被抽为真空时,在锥形孔和O型密封圈330的共同作用下,利用导流槽内外侧所产生的压差而自锁,从而保证了制冷单元的高真空密封要求。As shown in FIG. 3D, the heat exchange tube 310 and the guide groove 321 are combined to adopt a self-locking sealing structure. A tapered hole having a small inside and a large opening is formed at both ends of the guide groove, and the heat exchange tube is installed in the tapered hole and the O-ring 330 is sleeved from the outer end. When the inside of the guide trough is evacuated, the conical hole and the O-ring 330 act together to self-lock by the pressure difference generated inside and outside the diversion groove, thereby ensuring a high vacuum seal of the refrigeration unit. Claim.
图3B为两排换热管310的横截面结构示意图,作为一个实施例,本发明的换热管束中、相邻两根换热管310在水平方向的圆心距离为4mm,在垂直方向的圆心距离为7mm。换热管都采用相同的管径,为3mm,这种极细的换热管和紧凑的排列结构,使得在单位体积上取得极高的传热面积,提高热交换的效率。3B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the two rows of heat exchange tubes 310. As an embodiment, in the heat exchange tube bundle of the present invention, the distance between the two adjacent heat exchange tubes 310 in the horizontal direction is 4 mm, and the center of the circle in the vertical direction. The distance is 7mm. The heat exchange tubes are all made of the same diameter of 3 mm. This extremely thin heat exchange tube and compact arrangement make it possible to obtain a very high heat transfer area per unit volume and improve heat exchange efficiency.
图3C是图3A所示的管壳式换热器的爆炸结构图;Figure 3C is an exploded structural view of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger shown in Figure 3A;
结合图3A所示,在再生器、吸收器、冷凝器的换热器300每层换热管之间设置各层导流槽322和323,导流槽不仅起到导流的作用,还可支撑上部换热管310。溶液从导流槽上流过时与换热管接触,流程越长,换热接触的时间越长,热交换的效果越好。As shown in FIG. 3A, each layer of the flow guiding grooves 322 and 323 is disposed between the heat exchange tubes of the heat exchanger 300 of the regenerator, the absorber and the condenser, and the guiding groove not only functions as a diversion, but also The upper heat exchange tube 310 is supported. When the solution flows from the flow guiding groove, it is in contact with the heat exchange tube. The longer the flow, the longer the heat exchange contact time, and the better the heat exchange effect.
在顶层换热管之上设有溶液分配器321,其上设有若干泄流孔340,泄流孔340可以将溶液分配器321上流过的溶液分散到下方的第二排导流槽322上的换热管表面。A solution distributor 321 is disposed above the top heat exchange tube, and is provided with a plurality of drain holes 340, and the drain hole 340 can disperse the solution flowing through the solution distributor 321 to the lower second row of the flow guiding grooves 322. The surface of the heat exchange tube.
以溶液分配器321和两导流槽(322、323)导流结构为例描述稀溶液经溶液分配器321和第一层导流槽322导流后的流动路线。The flow path of the dilute solution after being diverted by the solution distributor 321 and the first layer flow guiding groove 322 is described by taking the solution distributor 321 and the two flow guiding grooves (322, 323) as the flow guiding structure as an example.
溶液分配器321上的泄流孔340与导流槽322、323上的泄流孔,在竖直方向上相互错开,泄流孔与导流槽相配合可以使得溶液在重力作用下,如图3C中水滴的流动路径所示,按“之”字型流动,用于延长溶液与换热管的热交换时间,确保冷媒水有足够的时间换热再生。这种结构迫使溶液在导流槽322、323中不断改向,局部的紊流可强化溶液与换热管之间的对流传热系数。 The bleed hole 340 on the solution distributor 321 and the bleed hole on the flow guiding grooves 322, 323 are mutually staggered in the vertical direction, and the bleed hole and the guiding groove cooperate to make the solution under the action of gravity, as shown in the figure The flow path of the water droplets in 3C is shown in the shape of "Z", which is used to prolong the heat exchange time between the solution and the heat exchange tube, and to ensure that the refrigerant water has sufficient time for heat exchange regeneration. This configuration forces the solution to be continuously redirected in the flow channels 322, 323, and the local turbulence enhances the convective heat transfer coefficient between the solution and the heat exchange tubes.
本发明的制冷单元中,再生器、吸收器、冷凝器及蒸发器具有相同或相似的结构。In the refrigeration unit of the present invention, the regenerator, absorber, condenser and evaporator have the same or similar structure.
图4A是本发明的板式溶液热交换器立体安装结构示意图;4A is a schematic perspective view showing the three-dimensional installation structure of the plate type solution heat exchanger of the present invention;
结合前图1所示,板式溶液热交换器135设置在制冷单元右侧面矩形区域140的内部,与制冷单元构成一体;As shown in connection with FIG. 1 , the plate solution heat exchanger 135 is disposed inside the rectangular area 140 on the right side of the refrigeration unit, and is integrated with the refrigeration unit;
溶液箱410大致为方形,与制冷单元机体下部的内部结构相配合。溶液箱410根据制冷单元下部内腔的空闲位置灵活造型,使整个溶液箱410完全匹配的镶嵌在制冷单元内,充分利用制冷单元机身内的空闲空间,使其体积更加紧凑。The solution tank 410 is substantially square and cooperates with the internal structure of the lower portion of the refrigeration unit body. The solution tank 410 is flexibly shaped according to the idle position of the lower chamber of the refrigeration unit, so that the entire solution tank 410 is perfectly matched and embedded in the refrigeration unit, and the free space in the refrigeration unit body is fully utilized to make the volume more compact.
图4B是本发明的板式溶液热交换器拆除了部分部件后裸露的换热壁板结构示意图;4B is a schematic structural view of a bare heat exchange wall plate after removing part of the components of the plate type solution heat exchanger of the present invention;
如图4B所示,板式溶液热交换器本体405,其内部用多块换热壁板420均匀隔开,形成冷热溶液流通的通道:即相互隔开的稀溶液通道和浓溶液通道。低温的稀溶液和高温的浓溶液同时与换热壁板420接触,换热壁板420即成为低温的稀溶液和高温的浓溶液热交换的媒介。溶液热交换器本体405的四个角上还分别设有溶液通道的出入口,分别是:左上角的浓溶液入口406、左下角的浓溶液出口402、右下角的稀溶液入口401、左上角的稀溶液出口408。As shown in FIG. 4B, the plate solution heat exchanger body 405 is internally separated by a plurality of heat exchange walls 420 to form channels through which the hot and cold solution flows: the dilute solution channels and the concentrated solution channels which are separated from each other. The low temperature dilute solution and the high temperature concentrated solution are simultaneously in contact with the heat exchange wall plate 420, and the heat exchange wall plate 420 becomes a medium for heat exchange between the low temperature dilute solution and the high temperature concentrated solution. The four corners of the solution heat exchanger body 405 are respectively provided with inlets and outlets for the solution channels, respectively: a concentrated solution inlet 406 in the upper left corner, a concentrated solution outlet 402 in the lower left corner, a dilute solution inlet 401 in the lower right corner, and an upper left corner. Dilute solution outlet 408.
图4B中还可以看到溶液泵403、浓溶液前往吸收器壳程的通道404、稀溶液前往再生器的通道409和浓溶液在再生器壳程的出口414。溶液泵403用于给溶液热交换器135内流动的稀溶液提供动力,将其从右下角的稀溶液入口401泵送到左上角的稀溶液出口408,并通过连接管412及409输送到再生器的溶液分配器中(图上未画出)。Also visible in Figure 4B is a solution pump 403, a channel 404 for the concentrated solution to the absorber shell, a channel 409 for the dilute solution to the regenerator, and an outlet 414 for the concentrated solution at the shell side of the regenerator. The solution pump 403 is used to power the dilute solution flowing in the solution heat exchanger 135, pump it from the dilute solution inlet 401 in the lower right corner to the dilute solution outlet 408 in the upper left corner, and transport it to the regeneration through the connecting tubes 412 and 409. In the solution dispenser of the device (not shown).
如图4B所示,换热壁板420为不锈钢板经冷压工艺冲压而成,在板表面上冲压形成有密集分布、纵横相间的凸条422,这种织纹状的凸条422用于支撑换热壁板420所受到的真空所产生的压力,同时使流过凸条422的流体产生紊流,以提高换热系数。 As shown in FIG. 4B, the heat exchange wall plate 420 is stamped by a cold pressing process on a stainless steel plate, and a densely distributed, longitudinal and lateral ridge 422 is formed on the surface of the plate, and the rib-shaped rib 422 is used for The pressure generated by the vacuum received by the heat exchange wall 420 is supported, and at the same time, the fluid flowing through the ribs 422 is turbulent to increase the heat transfer coefficient.
图5是本发明一个实施例即六个吸收式制冷单元的直接拼接结构示意图;Figure 5 is a schematic view showing a direct splicing structure of six absorption refrigeration units according to an embodiment of the present invention;
如图5所示,6个制冷单元501、502、503、504、505、506以3×2的方式叠加组合在一起形成一个制冷矩阵。6个制冷单元501、502、503、504、505、506各自相邻组合面上的水流接口连接在一起,例如:各个制冷单元的热水入口都与相邻制冷单元的热水水流入口连接在一起;从热水源(例如锅炉、太阳能热水器)等供给的热水通过制冷单元501的热水入口511接入,然后通过每个制冷单元内的热水管道向各自制冷单元的再生器输入热水,热水经过制冷矩阵的各个再生器换热后,再通过各自制冷单元的热水出水管道流出,最后制冷矩阵的热水从制冷单元503的出入端口512回到热水源。同理,从冷负荷来的冷水通过制冷单元501的冷水入口513输入制冷矩阵的蒸发器,被蒸发器中的冷媒水吸热降温后、再从制冷单元503的冷水出口514回到冷负荷。从冷却塔来的冷却水通过制冷单元501的冷却水入口515输入制冷矩阵的冷凝器和吸收器,吸收了冷凝器/吸收器放出的热量后,冷却水从制冷单元503的冷却水出水口516回到冷却塔。相邻制冷单元的组合面紧密贴合。As shown in FIG. 5, six refrigeration units 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506 are superimposed and combined in a 3 x 2 manner to form a refrigeration matrix. The water flow interfaces on the adjacent combination faces of the six refrigeration units 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506 are connected together, for example, the hot water inlets of the respective refrigeration units are connected to the hot water flow inlets of the adjacent refrigeration units. Together, hot water supplied from a hot water source (for example, a boiler, a solar water heater) or the like is accessed through the hot water inlet 511 of the refrigeration unit 501, and then hot water is supplied to the regenerators of the respective refrigeration units through the hot water pipes in each refrigeration unit. After the hot water is exchanged by the regenerators of the refrigeration matrix, the hot water flows out through the hot water outlet pipes of the respective refrigeration units, and finally the hot water of the refrigeration matrix is returned to the hot water source from the inlet and outlet port 512 of the refrigeration unit 503. Similarly, the cold water from the cold load is input to the evaporator of the refrigeration matrix through the cold water inlet 513 of the refrigeration unit 501, and is cooled by the heat of the refrigerant water in the evaporator, and then returned to the cold load from the cold water outlet 514 of the refrigeration unit 503. The cooling water from the cooling tower is supplied to the condenser and the absorber of the refrigeration matrix through the cooling water inlet 515 of the refrigeration unit 501, and after the heat discharged from the condenser/absorber is absorbed, the cooling water is discharged from the cooling water outlet 516 of the refrigeration unit 503. Go back to the cooling tower. The combined faces of adjacent refrigeration units are in close contact.
如此,6个制冷单元组合在一起形成一个同时工作的整体,所组合成的制冷矩阵的制冷功率为6×4RT(约84kW),为基本单元功率的6倍,通过矩阵式组合,实现制冷功率倍增式扩展。In this way, the six refrigeration units are combined to form a single working unit, and the combined cooling power of the cooling matrix is 6×4RT (about 84 kW), which is 6 times of the basic unit power, and the cooling power is realized by matrix combination. Multiplier expansion.
此外,图5中,若矩阵中任何一个制冷单元因故障停机时,不影响整个矩阵的工作。制冷矩阵中其它单元仍能以一个整体进行制冷运行,只是制冷功率有所降低。In addition, in Figure 5, if any of the refrigeration units in the matrix are shut down due to a failure, the operation of the entire matrix is not affected. The other units in the cooling matrix can still be cooled as a whole, but the cooling power is reduced.
本发明的标准制冷单元采用新型的耐高热、耐腐蚀的工程塑料作为机身材料,采取整体注塑工艺。制冷单元中内嵌的水流管道、溴化锂溶液管道及溶液储液箱等均为精密注塑成型。制冷单元的换热管采用不锈钢管,换热器采用紧凑型管壳换热器;溶液热交换器采用板式换热器;各换热器位于机身内部,与机身构成一体。The standard refrigeration unit of the invention adopts a novel engineering material resistant to high heat and corrosion as a fuselage material, and adopts an integral injection molding process. The water flow pipe embedded in the refrigeration unit, the lithium bromide solution pipe and the solution storage tank are all precision injection molded. The heat exchange tube of the refrigeration unit adopts a stainless steel tube, the heat exchanger adopts a compact shell heat exchanger; the solution heat exchanger uses a plate heat exchanger; each heat exchanger is located inside the fuselage and is integrated with the fuselage.
尽管参考附图中出示的具体实施方式将对本发明进行描述,但是应当理 解,在不背离本发明教导的精神、范围和背景下,本发明的吸收式制冷单元可以有许多变化形式,例如改变设置水流接口的接触面、改变每个面上水流接口的布局位置,等等。本领域技术内普通技术人员还将意识到有不同的方式来改变本发明所公开的实施例中的参数、尺寸,但这均落入本发明和权利要求的精神和范围内。 Although the invention will be described with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the drawings, The absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention can have many variations, such as changing the contact surface of the water flow interface, changing the layout position of the water flow interface on each side, etc., without departing from the spirit, scope and background of the teachings of the present invention. . It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes in the parameters and dimensions of the disclosed embodiments are intended to be included within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (22)

  1. 一种吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:An absorption refrigeration unit characterized by:
    所述吸收式制冷单元是一台吸收式制冷机,每个制冷单元设有至少两组水流接口群,每组所述水流接口群包括多个水流接口,所述水流接口包括热水的入口和出口、冷水的入口和出口、冷却水的入口和出口。The absorption refrigeration unit is an absorption refrigerating machine, each refrigeration unit is provided with at least two groups of water flow interface groups, each group of the water flow interface group comprising a plurality of water flow interfaces, the water flow interface comprising an inlet of hot water and Exports, inlets and outlets for cold water, inlets and outlets for cooling water.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit of claim 1 wherein:
    所述吸收式制冷单元设有至少两个组合面;各组水流接口群分布在所述组合面上;The absorption refrigeration unit is provided with at least two combined surfaces; each group of water flow interface groups is distributed on the combined surface;
    相邻的吸收式制冷单元通过所述组合面上的所述水流接口相互连接,使得多个所述吸收式制冷单元能够通过所述水流接口彼此插接构成吸收式制冷矩阵。Adjacent absorption refrigeration units are interconnected by the water flow interface on the combination surface such that a plurality of the absorption refrigeration units can be plugged into each other through the water flow interface to form an absorption refrigeration matrix.
  3. 如权利要求2所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 2, wherein:
    所述吸收式制冷单元的机身为长方体,所述组合面为所述长方体的6个表面;The body of the absorption refrigeration unit is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the combined surface is six surfaces of the rectangular parallelepiped;
    每个组合面上设有一组所述水流接口群;a set of said water flow interface groups are provided on each combination surface;
    通过所述组合面上的水流接口连接相邻的所述吸收式制冷单元,构成所述吸收式制冷矩阵。The absorption refrigeration unit is configured by connecting adjacent absorption refrigeration units through a water flow interface on the combination surface.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 3, wherein:
    所述吸收式制冷矩阵通过相邻吸收式制冷单元的组合面相互紧密贴合连接组成。The absorption refrigeration matrix is composed of a combination surface of adjacent absorption refrigeration units that are closely attached to each other.
  5. 如权利要求3所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 3, wherein:
    6个所述组合面包括上组合面、下组合面、左组合面、右组合面、前组合面和后组合面,所述组合面上水流接口的位置分布方式为:所述上组合面和所述下组合面的所述水流接口相互镜像对称;所述左组合面和所述右组合面的所述水流接口相互镜像对称,所述前组合面和所述后组合面的所述水流接口相互镜像对称。 The six combined surfaces include an upper combined surface, a lower combined surface, a left combined surface, a right combined surface, a front combined surface and a rear combined surface, and the position distribution pattern of the water flow interface on the combined surface is: the upper combined surface and the The water flow interfaces of the combined surface are mirror-symmetrical to each other; the water flow interfaces of the left combined surface and the right combined surface are mirror-symmetrical to each other, and the water flow interfaces of the front combined surface and the rear combined surface are mutually Mirror symmetry.
  6. 如权利要求2所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于,The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 2, wherein
    所述吸收式制冷单元包括所述水流接口;The absorption refrigeration unit includes the water flow interface;
    水流管道系统;Water flow pipeline system;
    所述吸收式制冷单元还包括再生器、吸收器、冷凝器、蒸发器和溶液热交换器;The absorption refrigeration unit further includes a regenerator, an absorber, a condenser, an evaporator, and a solution heat exchanger;
    溶液箱。Solution tank.
  7. 如权利要求6所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 6, wherein:
    所述水流接口的结构相同,并且是标准水流接口。The water flow interface is identical in construction and is a standard water flow interface.
  8. 如权利要求7所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 7, wherein:
    所述水流接口包括插座与插头;The water flow interface includes a socket and a plug;
    所述插头端部设有倒勾和O型密封圈;The plug end is provided with a barb and an O-ring;
    所述倒勾插入并卡合在所述插座的内壁,所述O型密封圈垫设在所述插头与插座之间,用于达到密封的目的。The barb is inserted and engaged with an inner wall of the socket, and the O-ring is disposed between the plug and the socket for sealing purposes.
  9. 如权利要求6所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 6, wherein:
    所述水流管道系统将不同所述组合面上相应的所述水流接口相互导通,并与所述吸收式制冷单元内部的换热器管程相连接,使得所述吸收式制冷单元从任何一个所述组合面均可同时或分别引入或引出热水、冷水和冷却水。The water flow duct system electrically connects the corresponding water flow interfaces on different combinations of surfaces, and is connected to a heat exchanger tube inside the absorption refrigeration unit, so that the absorption refrigeration unit is from any one The combined surfaces may introduce or extract hot water, cold water and cooling water simultaneously or separately.
  10. 如权利要求9所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 9, wherein:
    所述水流管道系统,包括一体式水流管道系统,设置在所述制冷单元壳体内并且与所述制冷单元壳体形成一个整体。The water flow conduit system includes an integrated water flow conduit system disposed within the refrigeration unit housing and integral with the refrigeration unit housing.
  11. 如权利要求10所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 10, wherein:
    所述水流接口与所述一体式水流管道系统相互连接,共同构成所述吸收式制冷单元的水流通道,其中,热水流入通道:从四个所述组合面上的任一热水入口接入,通过一体式热水入水管道,连接到所述再生器的管程的入口; The water flow interface and the integrated water flow pipe system are interconnected to jointly form a water flow channel of the absorption refrigeration unit, wherein the hot water inflow channel: is accessed from any of the four hot water inlets on the combined surface Connecting to the inlet of the tube of the regenerator through an integrated hot water inlet pipe;
    热水流出通道:从所述再生器的管程的出口流出,通过一体式热水出水管道,连接到四个所述组合面上的任一所述热水出口;a hot water outflow passage: flowing out from an outlet of the tube of the regenerator, connected to any one of the four hot water outlets on the four combined surfaces through an integrated hot water outlet pipe;
    冷水流入通道:从四个所述组合面上的任一所述冷水入口接入,通过一体式冷水入水管道,连接到所述蒸发器换热器的管程的入口;a cold water inflow passage: accessing from any of the four cold water inlets on the combined surface, through an integral cold water inlet conduit, connected to an inlet of a tube of the evaporator heat exchanger;
    冷水流出通道:从所述蒸发器的管程的出口流出,通过一体式冷水出水管道,连接到四个所述组合面上的任一冷水出口;a cold water outflow passage: flowing from an outlet of the tube of the evaporator, through an integral cold water outlet pipe, connected to any of the four cold water outlets on the combined surface;
    冷却水流入通道:从四个所述组合面上的任一所述冷却水入口接入,通过一体式冷却水入水管道,连接到所述吸收器及所述冷凝器的管程的入口;Cooling water inflow passage: accessing from any of the four cooling water inlets on the combined surface, through an integral cooling water inlet conduit, connected to the inlet of the absorber and the condenser of the condenser;
    冷却水流出通道:从所述吸收器及所述冷凝器的管程的出口流出,通过一体式冷却水入水管道,连接到四个所述组合面上的任一所述冷却水出口;Cooling water outflow passage: flowing out from the outlet of the absorber and the tube of the condenser, through an integral cooling water inlet pipe, connected to any one of the four cooling water outlets on the combined surface;
    使得所述吸收式制冷单元的四个所述组合面中,任何一个所述组合面均可单独或者同时接入和引出热水、冷水和冷却水。Any one of the four combined faces of the absorption refrigeration unit can be connected to and taken out of hot water, cold water and cooling water separately or simultaneously.
  12. 如权利要求6所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 6, wherein:
    所述再生器、所述吸收器、所述冷凝器和所述蒸发器为管壳式换热器;所述管壳式换热器包括由换热器壳体构成的壳程以及由在壳体内紧密排列的换热管所构成的管程。The regenerator, the absorber, the condenser and the evaporator are shell-and-tube heat exchangers; the shell-and-tube heat exchanger comprises a shell side composed of a heat exchanger shell and a shell The tube path formed by the heat exchange tubes arranged closely in the body.
  13. 如权利要求12所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 12, wherein:
    所述再生器和所述冷凝器位于所述吸收式制冷单元的机身腔体的上部,其中,The regenerator and the condenser are located at an upper portion of a fuselage cavity of the absorption refrigeration unit, wherein
    所述再生器用于将溴化锂溶液中所吸收的冷媒水加热蒸发,获得冷媒蒸汽;蒸发过程所吸收的热量由所述再生器的管程的热水提供;The regenerator is configured to heat and evaporate the refrigerant water absorbed in the lithium bromide solution to obtain the refrigerant vapor; the heat absorbed by the evaporation process is provided by the hot water of the tube of the regenerator;
    所述冷凝器用于将所述再生器中获得的冷媒蒸汽冷却凝结成冷媒水,冷媒水经过节流后流动到所述蒸发器的壳程。The condenser is configured to cool and condense the refrigerant vapor obtained in the regenerator into refrigerant water, and the refrigerant water flows to the shell side of the evaporator after throttling.
  14. 如权利要求12所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 12, wherein:
    所述蒸发器和所述吸收器位于所述吸收式制冷单元的所述机身腔体的下部,其中,The evaporator and the absorber are located at a lower portion of the fuselage cavity of the absorption refrigeration unit, wherein
    所述蒸发器通过壳程的冷媒水的蒸发吸热,使管程的冷水降温; The evaporator absorbs heat through evaporation of the shell-side refrigerant water to cool the cold water of the tube;
    所述吸收器用于将所述蒸发器的壳程产生的冷媒蒸气吸收到溴化锂溶液中,吸收过程中放出的热由所述吸收器的管程的冷却水带走。The absorber is for absorbing the refrigerant vapor generated by the shell side of the evaporator into the lithium bromide solution, and the heat released during the absorption is carried away by the cooling water of the tube of the absorber.
  15. 如权利要求14所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 14, wherein:
    在所述管壳式换热器的上下两层所述换热管之间,还设置有导流槽;a flow guiding groove is further disposed between the upper and lower layers of the heat exchange tubes of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
    所述导流槽的槽底壁设有多个泄流孔,通过所述泄流孔将壳程的流体均匀的分散到下方的所述换热管的表面。The bottom wall of the flow guiding groove is provided with a plurality of bleed holes through which the shell-side fluid is uniformly dispersed to the surface of the heat exchange tube below.
  16. 如权利要求15所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 15, wherein:
    所述泄流孔为长方形,且相邻两层所述导流槽上的所述泄流孔在竖直方向相互错开。The drain holes are rectangular, and the drain holes on the two adjacent flow channels are offset from each other in the vertical direction.
  17. 如权利要求15所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 15, wherein:
    所述换热管与所述导流槽结合处采用自锁式密封结构,所述导流槽的两端开有内小外大的锥形孔,所述换热管安装于所述锥形孔内并从外端套上O型密封圈,当导流槽内部被抽为真空时,在所述锥形孔和所述O型密封圈的共同作用下,利用所述导流槽的内侧和外侧所产生的压差而自锁,从而保证了所述吸收式制冷单元的高真空密封要求。a self-locking sealing structure is adopted at the junction of the heat exchange tube and the guiding groove, and both ends of the guiding groove are provided with a tapered hole having a small inside and a large outer diameter, and the heat exchange tube is mounted on the cone An O-ring is placed in the hole and from the outer end. When the inside of the guide groove is evacuated, the inside of the guide groove is utilized by the combination of the tapered hole and the O-ring. Self-locking with the pressure difference generated by the outside, thereby ensuring the high vacuum sealing requirement of the absorption refrigeration unit.
  18. 如权利要求6所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 6, wherein:
    所述溶液热交换器为板式换热器,所述溶液热交换器设置在所述吸收式制冷单元的机身侧壁内陷区域内,所述换热壁板等距设置,形成冷热流体的流动通道,用于将所述吸收式制冷单元内的低温稀溶液与高温浓溶液进行热交换。The solution heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, and the solution heat exchanger is disposed in an indentation region of a fuselage side wall of the absorption refrigeration unit, and the heat exchange wall plates are equidistantly arranged to form a hot and cold fluid The flow channel is configured to exchange heat between the low temperature dilute solution in the absorption refrigeration unit and the high temperature concentrated solution.
  19. 如权利要求18所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 18, wherein:
    所述换热壁板的内壁分布有织纹状凸条,用于支撑换热壁板以承受真空压力,并使流过所述凸条的流体产生紊流以提高传热系数。The inner wall of the heat exchange wall plate is provided with textured ribs for supporting the heat exchange wall plate to withstand the vacuum pressure, and turbulent flow of the fluid flowing through the ridge to increase the heat transfer coefficient.
  20. 如权利要求6所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于: The absorption refrigeration unit according to claim 6, wherein:
    所述溶液箱设置在所述蒸发器及所述吸收器的下部,用于回收所述吸收器中产生的溴化锂稀溶液,并为所述再生器提供所需要的溴化锂稀溶液。The solution tank is disposed at a lower portion of the evaporator and the absorber for recovering a dilute lithium bromide solution produced in the absorber and providing the regenerator with a desired dilute lithium bromide solution.
  21. 如权利要求1-20所述的吸收式制冷单元,其特征在于:An absorption refrigeration unit according to any of claims 1-20, characterized in that:
    所述吸收式制冷单元的机身壳体、所述水流接口、所述一体式水流管道系统、所述管壳式换热器的壳体以及所述溶液箱为工程塑料制作;The body casing of the absorption refrigeration unit, the water flow interface, the integrated water flow pipe system, the casing of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the solution tank are made of engineering plastics;
    所述换热管及所述换热壁板由不锈钢材料制作;The heat exchange tube and the heat exchange wall plate are made of stainless steel material;
    所述吸收式制冷单元的工质采用溴化锂溶液。The working fluid of the absorption refrigeration unit uses a lithium bromide solution.
  22. 一种吸收式制冷矩阵,其特征在于:An absorption refrigeration matrix characterized by:
    包括多个如权利要求1-20任一项所述的吸收式制冷单元。 A plurality of absorption refrigeration units according to any of claims 1-20.
PCT/CN2016/106957 2015-11-26 2016-11-23 Absorption refrigeration unit and absorption refrigeration matrix WO2017088766A1 (en)

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