WO2017079757A1 - Pediatric dosing for treatment of cancer with an ezh2 inhibitor - Google Patents
Pediatric dosing for treatment of cancer with an ezh2 inhibitor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017079757A1 WO2017079757A1 PCT/US2016/060852 US2016060852W WO2017079757A1 WO 2017079757 A1 WO2017079757 A1 WO 2017079757A1 US 2016060852 W US2016060852 W US 2016060852W WO 2017079757 A1 WO2017079757 A1 WO 2017079757A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- day
- ezh2 inhibitor
- dose
- administered
- ezh2
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 title description 63
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title description 36
- 101150090105 Ezh2 gene Proteins 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- NSQSAUGJQHDYNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1h-pyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-[ethyl(oxan-4-yl)amino]-2-methyl-5-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]benzamide Chemical group C=1C(C=2C=CC(CN3CCOCC3)=CC=2)=CC(C(=O)NCC=2C(NC(C)=CC=2C)=O)=C(C)C=1N(CC)C1CCOCC1 NSQSAUGJQHDYNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229950004774 tazemetostat Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QTTMOCOWZLSYSV-QWAPEVOJSA-M equilin sodium sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OC1=CC=C2[C@H]3CC[C@](C)(C(CC4)=O)[C@@H]4C3=CCC2=C1 QTTMOCOWZLSYSV-QWAPEVOJSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 210000001175 cerebrospinal fluid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007935 oral tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940096978 oral tablet Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940100692 oral suspension Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100025746 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 Human genes 0.000 abstract description 31
- 101000835860 Homo sapiens SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 Proteins 0.000 abstract description 24
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 114
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 89
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 41
- 208000000172 Medulloblastoma Diseases 0.000 description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 34
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 28
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical group 0.000 description 27
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 26
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 24
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 19
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 18
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 101000904868 Homo sapiens Transcriptional regulator ATRX Proteins 0.000 description 17
- 201000008271 Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor Diseases 0.000 description 15
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 14
- 102100023931 Transcriptional regulator ATRX Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 230000037433 frameshift Effects 0.000 description 13
- 201000002434 Alpha-thalassemia-X-linked intellectual disability syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 12
- -1 PTChl Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 12
- 231100000221 frame shift mutation induction Toxicity 0.000 description 12
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 108010033040 Histones Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 101000702560 Homo sapiens Probable global transcription activator SNF2L1 Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 101710081913 AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 8
- 108020004485 Nonsense Codon Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 108700028341 SMARCB1 Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 101150008214 SMARCB1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000037434 nonsense mutation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 102100034580 AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A Human genes 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940100688 oral solution Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003419 tautomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001394 metastastic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- FKSFKBQGSFSOSM-QFIPXVFZSA-N 1-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-N-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1H-pyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-6-[6-(1-piperazinyl)-3-pyridinyl]-4-indolecarboxamide Chemical compound C1=C2N([C@@H](C)CC)C=C(C)C2=C(C(=O)NCC=2C(NC(C)=CC=2C)=O)C=C1C(C=N1)=CC=C1N1CCNCC1 FKSFKBQGSFSOSM-QFIPXVFZSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JGLMVXWAHNTPRF-CMDGGOBGSA-N CCN1N=C(C)C=C1C(=O)NC1=NC2=CC(=CC(OC)=C2N1C\C=C\CN1C(NC(=O)C2=CC(C)=NN2CC)=NC2=CC(=CC(OCCCN3CCOCC3)=C12)C(N)=O)C(N)=O Chemical compound CCN1N=C(C)C=C1C(=O)NC1=NC2=CC(=CC(OC)=C2N1C\C=C\CN1C(NC(=O)C2=CC(C)=NN2CC)=NC2=CC(=CC(OCCCN3CCOCC3)=C12)C(N)=O)C(N)=O JGLMVXWAHNTPRF-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 102100024352 Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 4 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 101001052955 Homo sapiens Dedicator of cytokinesis protein 4 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 101000591201 Homo sapiens Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase kappa Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 5
- 102100034089 Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase kappa Human genes 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 108010016200 Zinc Finger Protein GLI1 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101000970561 Homo sapiens Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 description 4
- 102100021970 Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102100035535 Zinc finger protein GLI1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 4
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-RRKCRQDMSA-N 5-bromodeoxyuridine Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(Br)=C1 WOVKYSAHUYNSMH-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 101100002344 Caenorhabditis elegans arid-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010036115 Histone Methyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 102000012850 Patched-1 Receptor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010065129 Patched-1 Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 206010041067 Small cell lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000684 flow cytometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006216 lysine-methylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010077544 Chromatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000729 Fisher's exact test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000060234 Gmelina philippensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 101000924266 Homo sapiens AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101000610551 Homo sapiens Prominin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 101150053185 P450 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102100040120 Prominin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011529 RT qPCR Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 108700025716 Tumor Suppressor Genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000044209 Tumor Suppressor Genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036952 cancer formation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000504 carcinogenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000003483 chromatin Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cytosine Chemical compound NC=1C=CNC(=O)N=1 OPTASPLRGRRNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000291 glutamic acid group Chemical class N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanine Chemical compound O=C1NC(N)=NC2=C1N=CN2 UYTPUPDQBNUYGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009459 hedgehog signaling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005534 hematocrit Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 108010051779 histone H3 trimethyl Lys4 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000003119 immunoblot Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001294 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N muconic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C=CC=CC(O)=O TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPJNKUOXBZSZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(6-methyl-2-oxo-4-propyl-1h-pyridin-3-yl)methyl]-1-propan-2-yl-6-[6-(4-propan-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl]indazole-4-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=C(C)NC(=O)C(CNC(=O)C=2C=3C=NN(C=3C=C(C=2)C=2C=NC(=CC=2)N2CCN(CC2)C(C)C)C(C)C)=C1CCC DPJNKUOXBZSZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexanoic acid Natural products CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000005868 ontogenesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-2-ol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=N1 UBQKCCHYAOITMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N thymine Chemical compound CC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O RWQNBRDOKXIBIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011277 treatment modality Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005760 tumorsuppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001262 western blot Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006727 (C1-C6) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006728 (C1-C6) alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MIOPJNTWMNEORI-GMSGAONNSA-N (S)-camphorsulfonic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(CS(O)(=O)=O)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C MIOPJNTWMNEORI-GMSGAONNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AMMPLVWPWSYRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1CC2(C(O)=O)CCC1(C)C=C2 AMMPLVWPWSYRDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Substances C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJIBOGAQJRDRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyridin-2-one Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=N1.O=C1C=CC=CN1 UJIBOGAQJRDRES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005273 2-acetoxybenzoic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLZYKTYMLBOINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=C1 XLZYKTYMLBOINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRPLANDPDWYOMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-cyclopentylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCC1 ZRPLANDPDWYOMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 4-amino-1-[(2r)-6-amino-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC(N)(CC1)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](N)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FWMNVWWHGCHHJJ-SKKKGAJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJWBTWIBUIGANW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RJWBTWIBUIGANW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDBXHPORMXSXKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-benzyl-7-[2-[ethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.N=1C=2N(C)C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C=2N(CCN(CCO)CC)C=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 PDBXHPORMXSXKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004998 Abdominal Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010069754 Acquired gene mutation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 101100002343 Arabidopsis thaliana ARID1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091007914 CDKs Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Caprylic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000002881 Colic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-AQKNRBDQSA-N D-glucopyranuronic acid Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-AQKNRBDQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- ULNXAWLQFZMIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N GSK343 Chemical compound C1=C(C)NC(=O)C(CNC(=O)C=2C=3C=NN(C=3C=C(C=2)C=2C=C(N=CC=2)N2CCN(C)CC2)C(C)C)=C1CCC ULNXAWLQFZMIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000011787 Histone Methyltransferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000006947 Histones Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 244000246386 Mentha pulegium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016257 Mentha pulegium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004357 Mentha x piperita Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-CCAGOZQPSA-N Muconic acid Chemical group OC(=O)\C=C/C=C\C(O)=O TXXHDPDFNKHHGW-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003047 N-acetyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N N-methylglucamine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001710 Polyorthoester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010060862 Prostate cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000236 Prostatic Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000008938 Rhabdoid tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011579 SCID mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102300042280 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform A Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102300042279 SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform B Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002262 Schiff base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004753 Schiff bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012288 TUNEL assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000613 asparagine group Chemical class N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(trichloro)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GONOPSZTUGRENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003833 bile salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093761 bile salts Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000249 biocompatible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032823 cell division Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013592 cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003570 cell viability assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012054 celltiter-glo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000973 chemotherapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004926 chlorobutanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940075614 colloidal silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JNGZXGGOCLZBFB-IVCQMTBJSA-N compound E Chemical compound N([C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(N(C)C2=CC=CC=C2C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1)=O)C(=O)CC1=CC(F)=CC(F)=C1 JNGZXGGOCLZBFB-IVCQMTBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclandelate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)CC(C)CC1OC(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WZHCOOQXZCIUNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940104302 cytosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002074 deregulated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003831 deregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000890 drug combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001973 epigenetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- IECPWNUMDGFDKC-MZJAQBGESA-N fusidic acid Chemical class O[C@@H]([C@@H]12)C[C@H]3\C(=C(/CCC=C(C)C)C(O)=O)[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C[C@]3(C)[C@@]2(C)CC[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H]2C IECPWNUMDGFDKC-MZJAQBGESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004077 genetic alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000118 genetic alteration Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940097042 glucuronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000035474 group of disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007773 growth pattern Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002489 hematologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002962 histologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001050 hortel pimenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004680 hydrogen peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- UWYVPFMHMJIBHE-OWOJBTEDSA-N hydroxymaleic acid group Chemical group O/C(/C(=O)O)=C/C(=O)O UWYVPFMHMJIBHE-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011532 immunohistochemical staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007972 injectable composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000741 isoleucyl group Chemical class [H]N([H])C(C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])C(=O)O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007951 isotonicity adjuster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003907 kidney function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003908 liver function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003588 lysine group Chemical class [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940049920 malate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001047 methyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002324 mouth wash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940051866 mouthwash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108700024542 myc Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HPODOLXTMDHLLC-QGZVFWFLSA-N n-[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-1h-pyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2-methyl-1-[(1r)-1-[1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)piperidin-4-yl]ethyl]indole-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=C(C)NC(=O)C(CNC(=O)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3N([C@H](C)C3CCN(CC(F)(F)F)CC3)C=2C)=C1OC HPODOLXTMDHLLC-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007922 nasal spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006218 nasal suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005170 neoplastic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000346 nonvolatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 210000004940 nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- OIPZNTLJVJGRCI-UHFFFAOYSA-M octadecanoyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Al] OIPZNTLJVJGRCI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000590 oncogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002246 oncogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008389 polyethoxylated castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008885 polyglycolic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940081974 saccharin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019204 saccharin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000901 saccharin and its Na,K and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037439 somatic mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007939 sustained release tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007916 tablet composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229940113082 thymine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000281 trometamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4412—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4436—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a heterocyclic ring having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
- A61K31/501—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0043—Nose
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0085—Brain, e.g. brain implants; Spinal cord
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
Definitions
- the disclosure is directed to the fields of small molecule therapies, cancer, and methods of treating rare cancer types, particularly in pediatric subjects.
- Some aspects of this disclosure provide methods, strategies, and dosage schedules for inhibiting EZH2 in a subject, e.g., in a human pediatric patient, by administering a
- EZH2 zeste homolog 2
- Some aspects of this disclosure provide a method of treating a cancer, e.g., an INI1- deficient tumor, in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of an enhancer of a zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor.
- a cancer e.g., an INI1- deficient tumor
- EZH2 zeste homolog 2
- Methods of treating cancer may comprise preventing and/or inhibiting proliferation of a malignant cell, e.g., an INI1 -deficient cell, or cell population.
- the EZH2 inhibitor comprises (Compound A or tazemetostat), or a pharmaceutically - acceptable salt thereof.
- the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
- the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
- the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
- the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
- the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered orally.
- the EZH2 inhibitor may be formulated as an oral tablet or suspension.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be formulated for administration to cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) by any route.
- Exemplary routes of administration to the CSF include, but are not limited to, an intraspinal, an intracranial, an intrathecal or an intranasal route.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of about 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of about 800 mg.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered once or twice per day (BID).
- BID twice per day
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 800 mg BID.
- the EZH2 inhibitor may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day, e.g., at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, 20 mg/kg/day, 25 mg/kg/day, 30 mg/kg/day, 40 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day, 60 mg/kg/day, 70 mg/kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day, 80 mg/kg/day, 90 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, 250 mg/kg/day, 300 mg/kg/day, 400 mg/kg/day, 500 mg/kg/day, 600 mg/kg/day, 700 mg/kg/day, 750 mg/kg/day, 800 mg/kg/day, 900 mg/kg/day, 1000 mg/kg/day,
- the EZH2 inhibitor may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/m 2 /day and 1200 mg/m 2 /day, e.g., at a dose of 10 mg/m 2 /day, 20 mg/m 2 /day,
- the EZH2 inhibitor may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/m 2 /day and 1200 mg/m 2 /day, e.g., between 100 and 300 mg/m 2 /day, between 200 and 300 mg/m 2 /day, between 200 and 400 mg/m 2 /day, between 250 and 500 mg/m 2 /day, between 150 and 400 mg/m 2 /day, between 150 and 300 mg/m 2 /day, between 300 and 600 mg/m 2 /day, between 350 and 400 mg/m 2 /day, between 350 and 700 mg/m 2 /day, or between 400 and 1200 mg/m 2 /day.
- a dose of between 10 mg/m 2 /day and 1200 mg/m 2 /day e.g., between 100 and 300 mg/m 2 /day, between 200 and 300 mg/m 2 /day, between 200 and 400 mg/m 2 /day, between 250 and 500 mg/m 2 /day, between 150 and 400 mg/m 2 /day, between
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/m 2 /day and 1200 mg/m 2 /day BID.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 100, 120, 140, 150, 160, 200, 240, 250, 260, 300, 320, 350, 380, 400, or 600 mg/m2 BID.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or any percentage in between of a value of an area under the curve (AUC) of a steady state plasma and/or CSF concentration (AUCss) of an EZH2 inhibitor, wherein the AUCss is determined following administration of the EZH2 inhibitor to an adult subject at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID.
- AUC area under the curve
- AUCss steady state plasma and/or CSF concentration
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m 2 and 600 mg/m 2 , inclusive of the endpoints.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 300 mg/m 2 and 600 mg/m 2 .
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m 2 and 305 mg/m 2 , inclusive of the endpoints.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 240 mg/m 2 .
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 300 mg/m 2 .
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered once or twice per day (BID).
- BID twice per day
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m 2 and 600 mg/m 2 BID, inclusive of the endpoints.
- an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of about 60% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 1600 mg twice a day to an adult subject.
- an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure administered at a dose of about 60% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 1600 mg twice a day to an adult subject is administered at a dose of about 600 mg/m 2 per day or at least 600 mg/m 2 per day.
- the subject treated with the EZH2 inhibitor is a pediatric subject.
- an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of about 80% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCs) following administration of 800 mg twice a day to an adult subject.
- an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure administered at a dose of about 80% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 800 mg twice a day to an adult subject is administered at a dose of about 390 mg/m 2 per day or at least 390 mg/m 2 per day.
- the subject treated with the EZH2 inhibitor is a pediatric subject.
- the subject may be a pediatric subject.
- a pediatric subject of the disclosure is between 6 months and 21 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints.
- a pediatric subject of the disclosure is between 1 year and 18 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; 10 years of age or less; 5 years of age or less; between 6 months and 1 year of age, inclusive of the endpoints; between 1 year and 2 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; between 2 years and 6 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; between 6 years and 12 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; or between 12 years and 18 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints.
- a pediatric subject is about 1 year, about 2 years, about 3 years, about 4 years, about 5 years, about 6 years, about 7 years, about 8 years, about 9 years, about 10 years, about 11 years, about 12 years, about 13 years, about 14 years, about 15 years, about 16 years, about 17 years, about 18 years, about 19 years, about 20 years, or about 21 years of age.
- a pediatric subject is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 years of age, and not more than 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ,15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 years of age, wherein every possible age range that can be formed with these values (e.g., at least 4 and not older than 12 years, or at least 10 and not older than 18 years, to provide two non-limiting examples) is embraced by the present disclosure.
- the disclosure provides a method of treating cancer, e.g., an INI 1 -deficient tumor, in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of tazemetostat, wherein the therapeutically effective amount is at least 300 mg/m 2 twice per day (BID), and wherein the subject is a pediatric subject, e.g., a subject between 6 months and 21 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints.
- a method of treating cancer e.g., an INI 1 -deficient tumor
- the therapeutically effective amount is at least 300 mg/m 2 twice per day (BID)
- BID mg/m 2 twice per day
- Figures 1A and IB are a series of Western blot analyses of cell lines with wild type (RD and SJCRH30) and mutant SNF5.
- Figures 2A-2E are a series of graphs establishing that SNF5 mutant cell lines A204 (C), G401 (D) and G402 (E) selectively respond to EZH2 compound (Compound D) compared to wild type cell lines RD (A) and SJCRH30 (B).
- Figures 3A-3D are a series of bar graphs showing that G401 SNF mutant cell line is responding to Compound D after 7 days in soft agar compared to wild type cells RD.
- A shows cell line RD (5,000 cells/well).
- B shows G401 cells (5,000 cells/well).
- C shows G401 cells in 2D growth.
- D shows G401 cells (10,000 cells/well).
- FIGs 4A-4D are four graphs showing that G401 SNF5 mutant cell line is sensitive to Compound A in vitro. Wild type cell line SJCRH30 (A) and RD (C) and SNF5 mutant cell line G401 (B) and A204 (D) were pretreated for 7 days with indicated concentrations of Compound A and replated on day 0. Cell viability was determined by CellTiter-Glo®
- FIGS 5A-5E are a series of graphs showing durable regressions in G401 xenografts (malignant rhabdoid tumor model) with Compound A treatment.
- A Tumor regressions induced by Compound A at the indicated doses.
- D, E Immunohistochemical staining of tumor histone methylation of tumor samples from the vehicle treated (D) and Compound A treated (E) (at 125 mg/kg) mice.
- Figure 6 is a graph showing the locations of ATRX mutations identified in SCLC cell lines.
- Figure 7A is a graph showing that LNCAP prostate cancer cells display dose-dependent cell growth inhibition with Compound D treatment in vitro.
- Figure 7B is a graph showing IC50 value of Compound D at day 11 and day 14 for WSU-DLCL2 and LNCAP cells.
- Figures 8A-8C are three graphs establishing that ATRX mutant SCLC lines NCI-H446 (A), SW1271 (B) and NCI-H841 (C) are responding to Compound D.
- Figures 9A-9C are three microscopy images showing that SCLC line NCI-H841 changes morphology after treatment with vehicle (A) or Compound D at concentration of 4.1E- 02 uM (B) or 3.3 uM (C).
- Figures 1 OA- IOC are a series of graphs showing effects of Compound A on cellular global histone methylation and cell viability.
- A Chemical structure of Compound A (or tazemetostat).
- B Concentration-dependent inhibition of cellular H3K27Me3 levels in G401 and RD cells.
- C Selective inhibition of proliferation of SMARCB1 -deleted G401 cells by Compound A in vitro (measured by ATP content).
- G401 panels a and b
- RD cells panels c and d
- were re-plated at the original seeding densities on day 7. Each point represents the mean for each concentration (n 3).
- Figures 11 A and 1 IB are a series of graphs showing biochemical mechanism of action studies.
- the IC5 0 value of Compound A increases with increasing SAM concentration (A) and is minimally affected by increasing oligonucleosome concentration (B), indicating SAM- competitive and nucleosome-noncompetitive mechanism of action.
- Figures 12A and 12B are a series of panels demonstrating verification of SMARCB1 and EZH2 expression in cell lines and specificity of Compound A for inhibition of cellular histone methylation.
- A Cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblot with antibodies specific to SMARCB1, EZH2 and Actin (loading control).
- B Selective inhibition of cellular H3K27 methylation in G401 and RD cells. Cells were incubated with Compound A for 4 days, and acid-extracted histones were analyzed by immunoblot.
- Figures 13 A and 13B are a series of bar graphs demonstrating that Compound A induces Gi arrest and apoptosis in SMARCB1 -deleted MRT cells.
- Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry
- determination of apoptosis by TUNEL assay
- Gi arrest was observed as of day 7
- apoptosis was induced as of day 11.
- the DMSO control values shown are the average ⁇ SEM from each time point. Cells were split and re-plated on days 4, 7 and 11 at the original seeding density.
- Figures 14A-14C are a series of graphs showing that Compound A induces changes in expression of SMARCB1 regulated genes and cell morphology.
- Basal expression of SMARCB1 regulated genes in G401 SMARCB1 -deleted cells, relative to RD control cells (measured by qPCR, n 2).
- Panels a-j correspond to genes GLI1, PTChl, DOCK4, CD133, PTPRK, BIN1, CDK 1A, CDK 2A, EZH2, and MYC, respectively.
- C G402 cells were incubated with either DMSO (left panel) or 1 ⁇
- Compound A (right panel) for 14 days. Cells were split and re-plated to the original seeding density on day 7.
- FIGS 15A-15D are series of graphs demonstrating body weights, tumor regressions and plasma levels in G401 xenograft bearing mice treated with Compound A.
- Figures 16A-16C are a series of graphs showing that Compound A eradicates
- Figure 17 is a schematic diagram depicting epigenetic control of gene expression. Combinations of histone modifications encode information that governs coordinated activation or repression of genetic programs as well as developmental cell identity and fate decisions.
- Figure 18 is a graph showing that EZH2 is over expressed and associated with chromosome 7 amplification in medulloblastoma. Solid bars indicate a balanced chromosome 7 whereas hatched bars indicate a chromosome 7 gain.
- Figure 19 is a schematic diagram depicting control of histone lysine methylation by EZH2 and MLL.
- Figure 20A is a graph showing the probability of overall survival (OS) as a function of time since diagnosis (in months) with medulloblastoma. Histone lysine methylation is altered in medulloblastoma. H3K27me3 abundance is increased in medulloblastoma cells compared to control cells.
- OS overall survival
- Figure 20B is a graph showing the probability of overall survival (OS) as a function of time since diagnosis (in months) with medulloblastoma. Histone lysine methylation is altered in medulloblastoma. H3K27me3 abundance is increased in medulloblastoma cells compared to control cells.
- OS overall survival
- Figure 21 A is a series of photographs and a graph showing the abundances of
- H3K4me3 and H3K27Me3 in medulloblastoma cells demonstrate deregulation of the histone code in medulloblastoma.
- Figure 2 IB is a graph depicting the probability of overall survival as a function of time since diagnosis (in months) for medulloblastoma subjects having deregulated histone methylation at H3K4me3 and/or H3K27Me3.
- Figure 22A is a graph demonstrating that inhibition of EZH2 by a short-hairpin EZH2 (shEZH2) construct suppresses medulloblastoma cell growth (growth of the DAOY medulloblastoma cell line) compared to a negative-control construct.
- shEZH2 short-hairpin EZH2
- Figure 22B a series of photographs and a graph demonstrating that inhibition of EZH2 by a short-hairpin EZH2 (shEZH2) construct suppresses medulloblastoma cell growth (growth of the DAOY medulloblastoma cell line) compared to a negative-control construct and/or the empty pSIF vector control.
- shEZH2 short-hairpin EZH2
- Figure 23A is a schematic diagram depicting the mechanism by which INI1 loss creates an oncogenic dependency on EZH2 in tumors.
- Figure 23B is a graph showing the percent of tumor-free survival of ⁇ 1 deficient mice as a function of time (days) when EZH2 is knocked out. EZH2 knockout reverses oncogenesis induced by INI1 loss.
- Figure 24A is a series of photographs showing control or EZH2 inhibitor-treated (DNZep-treated) atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) at 1 , 3, 5, and 7 days post- treatment. Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses ATRT cell self-renewal.
- Figure 24B is a graph quantifying the results of Figure 24 A.
- Figure 24C is a graph quantifying the results of Figure 24 A.
- Figure 24D is a series of photographs showing control or EZH2 inhibitor-treated (DNZep-treated) atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) at 3, 5, 8 and 10 days post- treatment. Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses ATRT cell self-renewal.
- Figure 24E is a graph quantifying the results of Figure 24D.
- Figure 25A is a pair of graphs showing a surviving fraction of untreated or DZNEP- treated ATRT cells (from a BT-16 ATRT cell line) exposed to 2Gy radiation. Inhibition of EZH2 radio-sensitizes ATRT.
- Figure 25B is a pair of graphs showing a surviving fraction of untreated or DZNEP- treated ATRT cells (from a UPN737 ATRT cell line, "737") exposed to 2Gy radiation.
- Figure 26A is a graph showing the concentration of medulloblastoma cells (total cells per milliliter) as a function of time (days) following treatment with GSK-126, a small molecule inhibitor of EZH2. Small molecule inhibitors of EZH2 decrease medulloblastoma cell growth.
- Figure 26B is a graph showing the concentration of medulloblastoma cells (total cells per milliliter) as a function of time (days) following treatment with UNC 1999, a small molecule inhibitor of EZH2. Small molecule inhibitors of EZH2 decrease medulloblastoma cell growth.
- Figure 26C is a graph showing the concentration of medulloblastoma cells (total cells per milliliter) as a function of time (days) following treatment with tazemetostat (EPZ 6438), a small molecule inhibitor of EZH2. Small molecule inhibitors of EZH2 decrease
- Figure 26D is a graph showing the concentration of medulloblastoma cells (total cells per milliliter) as a function of time (days) following treatment with GSK-126, UNC 1999, and tazemetostat (EPZ 6438). Tazemetostat has the greatest effect on medulloblastoma cell growth of the small molecule inhibitors tested.
- Figure 27A is a chemical structure diagram of tazemetostat.
- Figure 27B is a pair of schematic diagrams depicting the relative selectivity of tazemetostat for EZH2.
- Figure 28A is a schematic diagram depicting the process by which primary
- medulloblastoma cell growth is evaluated ex vivo.
- Figure 28B is a graph depicting the relative abundances (percent of cells) of untreated or tazemetostat (EPZ 6438)-treated primary medulloblastoma cells in various cell cycle stages (sub Go/Gl, Go/Gl, S, or G2/M).
- a slice culture of medulloblastoma was freshly isolated from a 5 year old subject. The slice culture was treated with tazemetostat for 4 days before being disaggregated and analyzed by flow cytometry. Tazemetostat treatment decreases primary medulloblastoma cell growth ex vivo.
- Figure 28C is a graph depicting BrdU expression of the cells analyzed in Figure 28B. Tazemetostat treatment decreases primary medulloblastoma cell growth ex vivo.
- Figure 29A is a graph depicting percent survival of vehicle or tazemetostat (EPZ 6438)- treated ATRT cells in vivo as a function of time (days) post-treatment. Tazemetostat decreases ATRT in vivo.
- Figure 29B is a photograph of a Western blot showing the relative amounts of
- Figure 30 is a schematic illustrating the generalized layout of a physiologically -based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model.
- Figure 31 is a scheme illustrating the modeling and simulation for pediatric starting dose selection in early clinical development.
- Figure 33 is a pair of graphs showing the predicted mean total steady state plasma concentration-time profiles of tazemetostat administered as a 240 mg/m 2 BID or 300 mg/m 2 BID oral dose across the age ranges and mean measured total steady-state plasma
- concentration-time profile of tazemetostat administered as a 390 mg/m 2 (800mg) or 780 mg/m 2 (1600mg) BID oral dose in adults (n 6 per dose).
- the adult model was used to predict the PK profile in pediatric populations by accounting for age-dependent physiological differences, such as ontogeny of the GI tract and other organs, blood flows, P450 expression, plasma protein binding and hematocrit.
- Some aspects of this disclosure provide methods, strategies, and dosing schedules for treating cancer in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of an enhancer of a zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor.
- the cancer is an INI 1 -deficient tumor.
- methods of treating cancer, e.g., an INI1- deficient tumor, of the disclosure may comprise preventing and/or inhibiting proliferation of a malignant cell, e.g., of an INI 1 -deficient cell.
- the disclosure provides a method for treating or alleviating a symptom of a SWI/SNF- associated cancer in a subject by administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor.
- the SWI/SNF-associated cancer is characterized by reduced expression and/or loss of function of the SWI/SNF complex or one or more components of the SWI/SNF complex.
- the cancer is an INI1- deficient tumor
- the disclosure also provides a method of treating or alleviating a symptom of a SWI/SNF-associated cancer in a subject in need thereof by (a) determining the expression level of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of differentiation genes, cell cycle inhibition genes and tumor suppressor genes in a sample obtained from the subject; (b) selecting the subject having a decreased expression level of at least one gene in step a; and (c) administering to the subject selected in step b an effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor, thereby treating or alleviating a symptom of cancer in the subject.
- the cancer is an INI 1 -deficient tumor.
- the disclosure further provides a method of treating or alleviating a symptom of a SWI/SNF-associated cancer in a subject in need thereof by (a) determining the expression level of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of hedgehog pathway genes, myc pathway genes and histone methyltransferase genes in a sample obtained from the subject; (b) selecting the subject having an increased expression level of at least one gene in step a; and (c) administering to the subject selected in step b an effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor, thereby treating or alleviating a symptom of cancer in the subject.
- the cancer is an INI 1 -deficient tumor.
- the differentiation gene is CD 133, DOCK4, or PTPRK.
- the cell cycle inhibition gene is CKDN1A or CDK 2A.
- the tumor suppressor gene is BIN1.
- the hedgehog pathway gene is GLI1 or PTCH1.
- the myc pathway gene is MYC.
- the histone methyltransferase gene is EZH2.
- the disclosure also provides a method of inducing differentiation, cell cycle inhibition or tumor suppression by contacting a cell with an EZH2 inhibitor.
- the EZH2 inhibitor may be in an amount sufficient to increase expression of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of CD 133, DOCK4, PTPRK, CKDN1A, CDK 2A and BIN1.
- the disclosure also provides a method of inhibiting hedgehog signaling by contacting a cell with an EZH2 inhibitor.
- the EZH2 inhibitor can be in an amount sufficient to reduce expression of GLI1 and/or PTCH1.
- the disclosure also provides a method of inducing gene expression by contacting a cell with an EZH2 inhibitor.
- the EZH2 inhibitor can be in an amount sufficient to induce differentiation, cell cycle inhibition and/or tumor suppression.
- the gene can be CD133, DOCK4, PTPRK, CKDNIA, CKDN2A or BIN1.
- the disclosure also provides a method of inhibiting gene expression by contacting a cell with an EZH2 inhibitor.
- the EZH2 inhibitor is in an amount sufficient to inhibit hedgehog signaling.
- the gene can be GLI1 or PTCH1.
- the cell may have loss of function of SNF5, ARID1 A, ATRX, and/or a component of the SWI/SNF complex.
- the loss of function is caused by a deletion of SNF5.
- the cell is a cancer cell.
- the cancer is an INI 1 -deficient cancer cell.
- the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
- the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
- the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
- a subject in need thereof may have reduced expression, haploinsufficiency, and/or loss of function of SNF5.
- a subject can comprise a deletion of SNF5 in SNF5 polypeptide or a nucleic acid sequence encoding a SNF5 polypeptide.
- SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1 SNF5
- SNF5 SNF5
- transcript variant 1 mRNA
- SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform b Homo sapiensl (SMARCBl, also called SNF5) (SEQ ID NO: 3)
- a subject in need thereof may have reduced expression, haploinsufficiency, and/or loss of function of ATRX.
- a subject can comprise a mutation selected from the group consisting of a substitution of asparagine (N) for the wild type residue lysine (K) at amino acid position 688 of SEQ ID NO: 5 (K688N), and a substitution of isoleucine (I) for the wild type residue methionine (M) at amino acid position 366 of SEQ ID NO: 5 (M366I).
- ATRX alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked
- SEQ ID NO: 6 transcript variant 1, mRNA
- a subject in need thereof may have reduced expression, haploinsufficiency, and/or loss of function of ARID 1 A.
- a subject may comprise a mutation selected from the group consisting of a nonsense mutation for the wild type residue cysteine (C) at amino acid position 884 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (C884*), a substitution of lysine (K) for the wild type residue glutamic acid (E) at amino acid position 966 (E966K), a nonsense mutation for the wild type residue glutamine (Q) at amino acid position 1411 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (Q1411 *), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue phenylalanine (F) at amino acid position 1720 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (F1720fs), a frame shift mutation after the wild type residue glycine (G) at amino acid position 1847 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (G1847fs), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue cysteine (C) at amino acid position 1874 of
- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARIDIA) isoform a [Homo sapiens] (SEQ ID NO: 9)
- AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1 A (ARIDl A) isoform b (SEQ ID NO: 11)
- inducing differentiation refers to causing an immature or stemlike cell to develop into a more differentiated or terminally differentiated cell.
- a "normal” cell may be used as a basis of comparison for one or more characteristics of a cancer cell, including expression and/or function of SNF5, ATRX, and/or ARIDIA.
- a "normal cell” is a cell that cannot be classified as part of a "cell proliferative disorder".
- a normal cell lacks unregulated or abnormal growth, or both, that can lead to the development of an unwanted condition or disease.
- a normal cell expresses a comparable amount of EZH2 as a cancer cell.
- a normal cell contains a wild type sequence for a SNF5, ATRX, and/or ARIDIA gene, expresses a SNF5, ATRX, and/or ARIDIA transcript without mutations, and expresses a SNF5, ATRX, and/or ARIDIA protein without mutations that retains all functions a normal activity levels.
- contacting a cell refers to a condition in which a compound or other composition of matter is in direct contact with a cell, or is close enough to induce a desired biological effect in a cell.
- treating or “treat” describes the management and care of a subject for the purpose of combating a disease, condition, or disorder and includes the administration of an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, metabolite, polymorph or solvate thereof, to alleviate the symptoms or complications of cancer or to eliminate the cancer.
- the term "alleviate” is meant to describe a process by which the severity of a sign or symptom of cancer is decreased.
- a sign or symptom can be alleviated without being eliminated.
- the administration of pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure leads to the elimination of a sign or symptom, however, elimination is not required.
- Effective dosages are expected to decrease the severity of a sign or symptom. For instance, a sign or symptom of a disorder such as cancer, which can occur in multiple locations, is alleviated if the severity of the cancer is decreased within at least one of multiple locations.
- severity is meant to describe the potential of cancer to transform from a precancerous, or benign, state into a malignant state.
- severity is meant to describe a cancer stage, for example, according to the TNM system (accepted by the International Union against Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)) or by other art-recognized methods.
- TNM system accepted by the International Union against Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)
- UNM system International Union against Cancer
- AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer
- Cancer stage refers to the extent or severity of the cancer, based on factors such as the location of the primary tumor, tumor size, number of tumors, and lymph node involvement (spread of cancer into lymph nodes).
- Tumor grade is a system used to classify cancer cells in terms of how abnormal they look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. Many factors are considered when determining tumor grade, including the structure and growth pattern of the cells. The specific factors used to determine tumor grade vary with each type of cancer. Severity also describes a histologic grade, also called differentiation, which refers to how much the tumor cells resemble normal cells of the same tissue type (see, National Cancer Institute,
- severity describes the degree to which a tumor has secreted growth factors, degraded the extracellular matrix, become vascularized, lost adhesion to juxtaposed tissues, or metastasized. Moreover, severity describes the number of locations to which a primary tumor has metastasized. Finally, severity includes the difficulty of treating tumors of varying types and locations. For example, inoperable tumors, those cancers which have greater access to multiple body systems (hematological and immunological tumors), and those which are the most resistant to traditional treatments are considered most severe.
- symptom is defined as an indication of disease, illness, injury, or that something is not right in the body. Symptoms are felt or noticed by the individual experiencing the symptom, but may not easily be noticed by others. Others are defined as non-health-care professionals.
- signs are also defined as an indication that something is not right in the body. But signs are defined as things that can be seen by a doctor, nurse, or other health care professional.
- Cancer is a group of diseases that may cause almost any sign or symptom. The signs and symptoms will depend on where the cancer is, the size of the cancer, and how much it affects the nearby organs or structures. If a cancer spreads (metastasizes), then symptoms may appear in different parts of the body.
- Cancer may also cause symptoms such as fever, fatigue, or weight loss. This may be because cancer cells use up much of the body's energy supply or release substances that change the body's metabolism. Or the cancer may cause the immune system to react in ways that produce these symptoms. While the signs and symptoms listed above are the more common ones seen with cancer, there are many others that are less common and are not listed here. However, all art-recognized signs and symptoms of cancer are contemplated and encompassed by the disclosure.
- Treating cancer may result in a reduction in size of a tumor.
- a reduction in size of a tumor may also be referred to as "tumor regression".
- tumor size is reduced by 5% or greater relative to its size prior to treatment; more preferably, tumor size is reduced by 10% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 20% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 30% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 40% or greater; even more preferably, reduced by 50% or greater; and most preferably, reduced by greater than 75% or greater.
- Size of a tumor may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement. The size of a tumor may be measured as a diameter of the tumor.
- Treating cancer may result in a reduction in tumor volume.
- tumor volume is reduced by 5% or greater relative to its size prior to treatment; more preferably, tumor volume is reduced by 10% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 20% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 30% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 40% or greater; even more preferably, reduced by 50% or greater; and most preferably, reduced by greater than 75% or greater.
- Tumor volume may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement.
- Treating cancer may result in a decrease in number of tumors.
- tumor number is reduced by 5% or greater relative to number prior to treatment; more preferably, tumor number is reduced by 10% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 20% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 30% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 40% or greater; even more preferably, reduced by 50% or greater; and most preferably, reduced by greater than 75%.
- Number of tumors may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement.
- the number of tumors may be measured by counting tumors visible to the naked eye or at a specified magnification.
- the specified magnification is 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, lOx, or 50x.
- Treating cancer may result in a decrease in number of metastatic lesions in other tissues or organs distant from the primary tumor site.
- the number of metastatic lesions is reduced by 5% or greater relative to number prior to treatment; more preferably, the number of metastatic lesions is reduced by 10% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 20% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 30% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 40% or greater; even more preferably, reduced by 50% or greater; and most preferably, reduced by greater than 75%.
- the number of metastatic lesions may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement.
- the number of metastatic lesions may be measured by counting metastatic lesions visible to the naked eye or at a specified magnification.
- the specified magnification is 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, l Ox, or 50x.
- an effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure is not significantly cytotoxic to normal cells.
- a therapeutically effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure is not significantly cytotoxic to normal cells if administration of the EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure in a therapeutically effective amount does not induce cell death in greater than 10% of normal cells.
- a therapeutically effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure does not significantly affect the viability of normal cells if administration of the compound in a therapeutically effective amount does not induce cell death in greater than 10% of normal cells.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure comprise tazemetostat (EPZ-6438):
- Tazemetostat is also described in US Patent Nos. 8,410,088, 8,765,732, and 9,090,562 (the contents of which are each incorporated herein in their entireties).
- Tazemetostat or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein, is potent in targeting both WT and mutant EZH2.
- Tazemetostat is orally bioavailable and has high selectivity to EZH2 compared with other histone methyltransferases (i.e. >20,000 fold selectivity by Ki).
- tazemetostat has targeted methyl mark inhibition that results in the killing of genetically defined cancer cells in vitro. Animal models have also shown sustained in vivo efficacy following inhibition of the target methyl mark. Clinical trial results described herein also demonstrate the safety and efficacy of tazemetostat.
- tazemetostat or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the subject at a dose of approximately 100 mg to approximately 3200 mg daily, such as about 100 mg BID to about 1600 mg BID (e.g., 100 mg BID, 200 mg BID, 400 mg BID, 800 mg BID, or 1600 mg BID), for treating a NHL. On one embodiment the dose is 800 mg BID.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of: (D), or stereoisomers thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of Compound E:
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of GSK-126, having the following formula:
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of Compound F:
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of any one of Compounds Ga-Gc:
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of CPI-1205 or GSK343.
- the EZH2 inhibitor is an EZH2 inhibitor described in US 8,536,179 (describing GSK-126 among other compounds and corresponding to WO
- the EZH2 inhibitor is an EZH2 inhibitor described in PCT/US2014/015706, published as WO 2014/124418, in PCT/US2013/025639, published as WO 2013/120104, and in US 14/839,273, published as US 2015/0368229, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference
- the compound disclosed herein is the compound itself, i.e., the free base or "naked" molecule.
- the compound is a salt thereof, e.g., a mono-HCl or tri-HCl salt, mono-HBr or tri-HBr salt of the naked molecule.
- N-oxides can be converted to N-oxides by treatment with an oxidizing agent (e.g. , 3 -chloroperoxy benzoic acid (mCPBA) and/or hydrogen peroxides) to afford other compounds suitable for any methods disclosed herein.
- an oxidizing agent e.g. , 3 -chloroperoxy benzoic acid (mCPBA) and/or hydrogen peroxides
- mCPBA 3 -chloroperoxy benzoic acid
- hydrogen peroxides e.g., hydrogen peroxides
- N-hydroxy compounds can be prepared by oxidation of the parent amine by an oxidizing agent such as m-CPBA. All shown and claimed nitrogen-containing compounds are also considered, when allowed by valency and structure, to cover both the compound as shown and its N-hydroxy (i.e. , N-OH) and N-alkoxy (i.e. , N-OR, wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 alkynyl, 3-14-membered carbocycle or 3-14- membered heterocycle) derivatives.
- N-hydroxy i.e. , N-OH
- N-alkoxy i.e. , N-OR, wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 alkynyl, 3-14-membered carbocycle or 3-14- membered heterocycle
- Isomerism means compounds that have identical molecular formulae but differ in the sequence of bonding of their atoms or in the arrangement of their atoms in space. Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed "stereoisomers.”
- stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed “diastereoisomers,” and stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed “enantiomers” or sometimes optical isomers.
- enantiomers or sometimes optical isomers.
- a mixture containing equal amounts of individual enantiomeric forms of opposite chirality is termed a “racemic mixture.”
- Chiral isomer means a compound with at least one chiral center. Compounds with more than one chiral center may exist either as an individual diastereomer or as a mixture of diastereomers, termed “diastereomeric mixture.” When one chiral center is present, a stereoisomer may be characterized by the absolute configuration (R or S) of that chiral center. Absolute configuration refers to the arrangement in space of the substituents attached to the chiral center. The substituents attached to the chiral center under consideration are ranked in accordance with the Sequence Rule of Cahn, Ingold and Prelog. (Cahn et al., Angew. Chem. Inter. Edit.
- Gaometric isomer means the diastereomers that owe their existence to hindered rotation about double bonds or a cycloalkyl linker (e.g., 1,3-cyclobutyl). These configurations are differentiated in their names by the prefixes cis and trans, or Z and E, which indicate that the groups are on the same or opposite side of the double bond in the molecule according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules.
- atropic isomers are a type of stereoisomer in which the atoms of two isomers are arranged differently in space. Atropic isomers owe their existence to a restricted rotation caused by hindrance of rotation of large groups about a central bond. Such atropic isomers typically exist as a mixture, however as a result of recent advances in chromatography techniques, it has been possible to separate mixtures of two atropic isomers in select cases.
- Tautomer is one of two or more structural isomers that exist in equilibrium and is readily converted from one isomeric form to another. This conversion results in the formal migration of a hydrogen atom accompanied by a switch of adjacent conjugated double bonds. Tautomers exist as a mixture of a tautomeric set in solution. In solutions where tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will be reached. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent and pH. The concept of tautomers that are interconvertable by tautomerizations is called tautomerism.
- keto-enol tautomerism a simultaneous shift of electrons and a hydrogen atom occurs.
- Ring- chain tautomerism arises as a result of the aldehyde group (-CHO) in a sugar chain molecule reacting with one of the hydroxy groups (-OH) in the same molecule to give it a cyclic (ring- shaped) form as exhibited by glucose.
- keto-enol equilibria is between pyridin-2(lH)-ones and the corresponding pyridin-2-ols, as shown below.
- the compounds disclosed herein include the compounds themselves, as well as their salts and their solvates, if applicable.
- a salt for example, can be formed between an anion and a positively charged group (e.g., amino) on an aryl- or heteroaryl-substituted benzene compound.
- Suitable anions include chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, bisulfate, sulfamate, nitrate, phosphate, citrate, methanesulfonate, trifluoroacetate, glutamate, glucuronate, glutarate, malate, maleate, succinate, fumarate, tartrate, tosylate, salicylate, lactate, naphthalenesulfonate, and acetate (e.g., trifluoroacetate).
- pharmaceutically acceptable anion refers to an anion suitable for forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- a salt can also be formed between a cation and a negatively charged group (e.g., carboxylate) on an aryl- or heteroaryl-substituted benzene compound.
- Suitable cations include sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, and an ammonium cation such as tetramethylammonium ion.
- the aryl- or heteroaryl-substituted benzene compounds also include those salts containing quaternary nitrogen atoms.
- the ratio of the compound to the cation or anion of the salt can be 1 : 1, or any ration other than 1 : 1 , e.g., 3 : 1 , 2: 1, 1 :2, or 1 :3.
- the compounds disclosed herein can exist in either hydrated or unhydrated (the anhydrous) form or as solvates with other solvent molecules.
- Nonlimiting examples of hydrates include monohydrates, dihydrates, etc.
- Nonlimiting examples of solvates include ethanol solvates, acetone solvates, etc.
- Solvate means solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H 2 0.
- analog refers to a chemical compound that is structurally similar to another but differs slightly in composition (as in the replacement of one atom by an atom of a different element or in the presence of a particular functional group, or the replacement of one functional group by another functional group).
- an analog is a compound that is similar or comparable in function and appearance, but not in structure or origin to the reference compound.
- the term "derivative” refers to compounds that have a common core structure, and are substituted with various groups as described herein.
- all of the compounds represented by Formula (I) are aryl- or heteroaryl-substituted benzene compounds, and have Formula (I) as a common core.
- bioisostere refers to a compound resulting from the exchange of an atom or of a group of atoms with another, broadly similar, atom or group of atoms.
- the objective of a bioisosteric replacement is to create a new compound with similar biological properties to the parent compound.
- the bioisosteric replacement may be physicochemically or
- carboxylic acid bioisosteres include, but are not limited to, acyl sulfonimides, tetrazoles, sulfonates and phosphonates. See, e.g. , Patani and LaVoie, Chem. Rev. 96, 3147-3176, 1996.
- isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
- isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium
- isotopes of carbon include C-13 and C-14.
- compositions comprising at least one EZH2 inhibitor described herein in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.
- a "pharmaceutical composition” is a formulation containing the EZH2 inhibitors of the present disclosure in a form suitable for administration to a subject.
- the pharmaceutical composition is in bulk or in unit dosage form.
- the unit dosage form is any of a variety of forms, including, for example, a capsule, an IV bag, a tablet, a single pump on an aerosol inhaler or a vial.
- the quantity of active ingredient (e.g. , a formulation of the disclosed compound or salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof) in a unit dose of composition is an effective amount and is varied according to the particular treatment involved.
- active ingredient e.g. , a formulation of the disclosed compound or salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof
- the dosage will also depend on the route of administration.
- routes of administration A variety of routes are contemplated, including oral, pulmonary, rectal, parenteral, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, inhalational, buccal, sublingual, intrapleural, intrathecal, intranasal, and the like.
- Dosage forms for the topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this disclosure include powders, sprays, ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, solutions, patches and inhalants.
- the active compound is mixed under sterile conditions with a
- the phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, carriers, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
- “Pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” means an excipient that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use.
- a “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” as used in the disclosure includes both one and more than one such excipient.
- a pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure is formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration. Examples of routes of administration include parenteral, (e.g., intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous), and enteral routes (e.g., oral, buccal, sublingual, sublabial), as well as administration by inhalation, transdermal (topical), and transmucosal administration.
- Solutions or suspensions used for parenteral, intradermal, or subcutaneous application can include the following components: a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents;
- a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents;
- antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens
- antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite
- chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates, and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose.
- the pH can be adjusted with acids or bases, such as
- Suitable formulations for enteral application include, for example, tablets, capsules, time-release or sustained-release tablets and capsules, powders or granules (e.g., for formulating a solution or suspension that is orally administered), syrups, solutions, or suspensions.
- Liquid formulations for oral administration may include one or more diluent, e.g., water, which may, in some embodiments, be sterile.
- Such liquid formulations for oral administration may also include a stabilizer, an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, a chelating agent, a buffer, an agent for the adjustment of tonicity, and agents to control appearance and taste, such as a sweetener and/or a flavoring agent.
- a stabilizer an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, a chelating agent, a buffer, an agent for the adjustment of tonicity, and agents to control appearance and taste, such as a sweetener and/or a flavoring agent.
- Powders from which a solution or suspension can be reconstituted before oral administration may contain similar agents.
- a compound or pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure can be administered to a subject in many of the well-known methods currently used for chemotherapeutic treatment.
- a compound of the disclosure may be injected directly into tumors, injected into the blood stream or body cavities or taken orally or applied through the skin with patches.
- the dose chosen should be sufficient to constitute effective treatment but not as high as to cause unacceptable side effects.
- the state of the disease condition e.g., cancer, precancer, and the like
- the health of the patient should preferably be closely monitored during and for a reasonable period after treatment.
- terapéuticaally effective amount refers to an amount of an EZH2 inhibitor, composition, or pharmaceutical composition thereof effective to treat, ameliorate, or prevent an identified disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect.
- the effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art.
- the precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject's body weight, size, and health; the nature and extent of the condition; and the therapeutic or combination of therapeutics selected for administration.
- Therapeutically effective amounts for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation that is within the skill and judgment of the clinician.
- the disease or condition to be treated is cancer, including but not limited to, an INI 1 -deficient tumor.
- the therapeutically effective amount can be estimated initially either in cell culture assays, e.g. , of neoplastic cells, or in animal models, usually rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, or pigs.
- the animal model may also be used to determine the appropriate concentration range and route of administration. Such information can then be used to determine useful doses and routes for administration in humans.
- Therapeutic/prophylactic efficacy and toxicity may be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., ED 50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population) and LD 50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population).
- the dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index, and it can be expressed as the ratio, LD50/ED50.
- Pharmaceutical compositions that exhibit large therapeutic indices are preferred. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed, sensitivity of the patient, and the route of administration.
- Dosage and administration are adjusted to provide sufficient levels of the active agent(s) or to maintain the desired effect.
- Factors which may be taken into account include the severity of the disease state, general health of the subject, age, weight, and gender of the subject, diet, time and frequency of administration, drug combination(s), reaction sensitivities, and tolerance/response to therapy.
- Long-acting pharmaceutical compositions may be administered every 3 to 4 days, every week, or once every two weeks depending on half-life and clearance rate of the particular formulation.
- Some embodiments provide pharmaceutical compositions, dosage forms, and/or methods of using such compositions or dosage forms, wherein an EZH2 inhibitor is formulated as an oral tablet, or as a suspension or solution.
- the EZH2 inhibitor may be formulated for administration at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day.
- the pharmaceutical composition, or dosage form may be administered to a subject at a dose of about 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg.
- an EZH2 inhibitor may be formulated for administration at a dose of about 800 mg.
- Such formulation may comprise one or multiple dosage forms, e.g., a single tablet or capsule, or a plurality of tablets or capsules, or a certain amount of powder, solution, or suspension comprising the EZH2 inhibitor.
- pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms are provided in which an EZH2 inhibitor is formulated for administration once or twice per day (BID).
- pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms are provided in which an EZH2 inhibitor is formulated for administration at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID.
- a pharmaceutical composition is provided that is suitable for
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is formulated for parenteral or enteral administration, for example, as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution, or as a solution or suspension for administration to the CSF by any route.
- the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form may be suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day, e.g., at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, 20 mg/kg/day, 25 mg/kg/day, 30 mg/kg/day, 40 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day, 60 mg/kg/day, 70 mg/kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day, 80 mg/kg/day, 90 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, 250 mg/kg/day, 300 mg/kg/day, 400 mg/kg/day, 500 mg/kg/day, 600 mg/kg/day, 700 mg/kg/day, 750 mg/kg/day, 800 mg/kg/day, 900 mg/kg/day, 1000 mg/kg/day, 1 100 mg/kg/day, 1200 mg/kg/day, 1250 mg/kg/day, 1300 mg/kg/day, 1400 mg/kg/kg, 1000 mg
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is provided that is suitable for administration of an EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 800 mg BID.
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is formulated for parenteral or enteral administration, for example, as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution.
- the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form may be suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of between 10 mg/m 2 /day and 1200 mg/m 2 /day, e.g., at a dose of 10
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is provided that is suitable for administration of an EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of between 10 mg/m 2 /day and 1200 mg/m 2 /day, e.g., between 100 and 300 mg/m 2 /day, between 200 and 300 mg/m 2 /day, between 200 and 400 mg/m 2 /day, between 250 and 500 mg/m 2 /day, between 150 and 400 mg/m 2 /day, between 150 and 300 mg/m 2 /day, between 300 and 600 mg/m 2 /day, between 350 and 400 mg/m 2 /day, between 350 and 700 mg/m 2 /day, or between 400 and 1200 mg/m 2 /day.
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is provided that is suitable for administration of an EZH2 inhibitor 10 mg/m 2 /day and 1200 mg/m 2 /day BID.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 100, 120, 140, 150, 160, 200, 240, 250, 260, 300, 320, 350, 380, 400, or 600 mg/m 2 BID.
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is formulated for parenteral or enteral administration, for example, as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution.
- the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form may be suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or any percentage in between of a value of an area under the curve (AUC) of a steady state plasma and/or CSF concentration (AUCss) of an EZH2 inhibitor, wherein the AUCss is determined following administration of the EZH2 inhibitor to an adult subject at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID.
- AUC area under the curve
- AUCss steady state plasma and/or CSF concentration
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is formulated for parenteral or enteral administration, for example, as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution.
- the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form may be suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of between 230 mg/m 2 and 600 mg/m 2 , inclusive of the endpoints.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 300 mg/m 2 and 600 mg/m 2 .
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m 2 and 305 mg/m 2 , inclusive of the endpoints.
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 240 mg/m 2 .
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 300 mg/m 2 .
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered once or twice per day (BID).
- BID twice per day
- EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m 2 and 600 mg/m 2 BID, inclusive of the endpoints.
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of about 60% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 1600 mg twice a day to an adult subject.
- AUC area under the curve
- AUCss steady state
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is provided that is suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of about about 600 mg/m 2 per day or at least 600 mg/m 2 per day.
- the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for administration to a pediatric subject.
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of about 80% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 800 mg twice a day to an adult subject.
- AUC area under the curve
- AUCss steady state
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is provided that is suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of about about 390 mg/m 2 per day or at least 390 mg/m 2 per day.
- the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for administration to a pediatric subject.
- the present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprising an EZH2 inhibitor that are suitable for administration to a pediatric subject, e.g., a subject between 6 months and 21 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; between 1 year and 18 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; 10 years of age or less; 5 years of age or less; between 6 months and 1 year of age, inclusive of the endpoints; about 1 year of age; about 2 years of age; about 3 years of age; about 4 years of age; about 5 years of age; about 6 years of age; about 7 years of age; about 8 years of age; about 9 years of age; about 10 years of age; about 11 years of age; about 12 years of age; about 13 years of age; about 14 years of age; about 15 years of age; about 16 years of age; about 17 years of age; about 18 years of age; about 19 years of age; about 20 years of age; or about 21 years of age.
- a pediatric subject e.g., a subject between 6 months and 21 years of age, inclusive of the
- a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is suitable for administration to a subject that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 years of age, and not more than 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 , 12, 13, 14 , 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 years of age, wherein every possible age range that can be formed with these values (e.g., at least 4 and not more than 12 years of age; or at least 10 and not more than 18 years of age).
- compositions containing an EZH2 inhibitor of the present disclosure may be manufactured in a manner that is generally known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping, or lyophilizing processes.
- Pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and/or auxiliaries that facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations that can be used pharmaceutically. Of course, the appropriate formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen.
- compositions suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion.
- suitable carriers include physiological saline, bacteriostatic water, Cremophor ELTM (BASF, Parsippany, N.J.) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
- the composition must be sterile and should be fluid to the extent that easy syringeability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
- the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof.
- the proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants.
- Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be achieved by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like.
- isotonic agents for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, sodium chloride in the composition.
- Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by including in the composition an agent which delays absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
- Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization.
- dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above.
- methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze-drying that yields a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
- compositions suitable for oral administration generally include an inert diluent or an edible pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, they can be enclosed in capsules, e.g., in gelatin capsules, or compressed into tablets. For the purpose of oral therapeutic administration, the active compound can be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of tablets, troches, or capsules. Compositions for oral administration can also be prepared using a fluid carrier for use as a mouthwash, wherein the compound in the fluid carrier is applied orally and swished and expectorated or swallowed.
- compositions can be included as part of the composition.
- the tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like can contain any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or com starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.
- a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin
- an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or com starch
- a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes
- the compounds are delivered in the form of an aerosol spray from pressured container or dispenser, which contains a suitable propellant, e.g. , a gas such as carbon dioxide, or a nebulizer.
- a suitable propellant e.g. , a gas such as carbon dioxide, or a nebulizer.
- Systemic administration can also be by transmucosal or transdermal means.
- penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation.
- penetrants are generally known in the art, and include, for example, for transmucosal administration, detergents, bile salts, and fusidic acid derivatives.
- Transmucosal administration can be accomplished through the use of nasal sprays or suppositories.
- the active compounds are formulated into ointments, salves, gels, or creams as generally known in the art.
- the active compounds e.g., EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure
- Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polygly colic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. Methods for preparation of such formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The materials can also be obtained commercially from Alza Corporation and Nova Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Liposomal suspensions (including liposomes targeted to infected cells with monoclonal antibodies to viral antigens) can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. These can be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in U. S. Pat. No. 4,522,81 1.
- Dosage unit form refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subject to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
- the specification for the dosage unit forms of the disclosure are dictated by and directly dependent on the unique characteristics of the active compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved.
- the dosages of the pharmaceutical compositions used in accordance with the disclosure vary depending on the agent, the age, weight, and clinical condition of the recipient patient, and the experience and judgment of the clinician or practitioner administering the therapy, among other factors affecting the selected dosage.
- the dose should be sufficient to result in slowing, and preferably regressing, the growth of the tumors and also preferably causing complete regression of the cancer.
- An effective amount of a pharmaceutical agent is that which provides an objectively identifiable improvement as noted by the clinician or other qualified observer. For example, regression of a tumor in a patient may be measured with reference to the diameter of a tumor. Decrease in the diameter of a tumor indicates regression. Regression is also indicated by failure of tumors to reoccur after treatment has stopped.
- the term "dosage effective manner" refers to amount of an active compound to produce the desired biological effect in a subject or cell.
- compositions can be included in a container, pack, or dispenser together with instructions for administration.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the compounds of the present disclosure wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines, alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids, and the like.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
- such conventional non-toxic salts include, but are not limited to, those derived from inorganic and organic acids selected from 2-acetoxybenzoic, 2-hydroxy ethane sulfonic, acetic, ascorbic, benzene sulfonic, benzoic, bicarbonic, carbonic, citric, edetic, ethane disulfonic, 1,2-ethane sulfonic, fumaric, glucoheptonic, gluconic, glutamic, gly colic, glycollyarsanilic,
- hexylresorcinic hydrabamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, hydroiodic, hydroxymaleic, hydroxynaphthoic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, lauryl sulfonic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methane sulfonic, napsylic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phenylacetic, phosphoric, polygalacturonic, propionic, salicyclic, stearic, subacetic, succinic, sulfamic, sulfanilic, sulfuric, tannic, tartaric, toluene sulfonic, and the commonly occurring amine acids, e.g. , glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, arginine, etc.
- amine acids e.g. , glycine, alanine, phenylalanine,
- compositions include hexanoic acid, cyclopentane propionic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo-[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene-l-carboxylic acid, 3- phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, muconic acid, and the like.
- the present disclosure also encompasses salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion, or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, N-methylglucamine, and the like.
- a metal ion e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion, or an aluminum ion
- organic base such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, N-methylglucamine, and the like.
- the EZH2 inhibitors of the present disclosure can also be prepared as esters, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable esters.
- a carboxylic acid function group in a compound can be converted to its corresponding ester, e.g. , a methyl, ethyl or other ester.
- an alcohol group in a compound can be converted to its corresponding ester, e.g. , an acetate, propionate or other ester.
- the EZH2 inhibitors of the present disclosure can also be prepared as prodrugs, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs.
- prodrug and “prodrug” are used interchangeably herein and refer to any compound which releases an active parent drug in vivo. Since prodrugs are known to enhance numerous desirable qualities of
- the compounds of the present disclosure can be delivered in prodrug form.
- the present disclosure is intended to cover prodrugs of the presently claimed compounds, methods of delivering the same and compositions containing the same.
- Prodrugs are intended to include any covalently bonded carriers that release an active parent drug of the present disclosure in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a subject.
- Prodrugs in the present disclosure are prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound.
- Prodrugs include compounds of the present disclosure wherein a hydroxy, amino, sulfhydryl, carboxy or carbonyl group is bonded to any group that may be cleaved in vivo to form a free hydroxyl, free amino, free sulfhydryl, free carboxy or free carbonyl group, respectively.
- prodrugs include, but are not limited to, esters (e.g. , acetate,
- dialkylaminoacetates formates, phosphates, sulfates and benzoate derivatives
- carbamates e.g. , ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaminocarbonyl
- esters e.g. , ethyl esters, morpholinoethanol esters
- N-acyl derivatives e.g.
- the EZH2 inhibitors, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof are administered orally, nasally, trans dermally, pulmonary, inhalationally, buccally, sublingually, intraperintoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, rectally, intrapleurally, intrathecally and parenterally.
- the compound is administered orally.
- One skilled in the art will recognize the advantages of certain routes of administration.
- the dosage regimen utilizing the compounds is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed.
- An ordinarily skilled physician or veterinarian can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter or arrest the progress of the condition.
- the dosage regimen can be daily administration (e.g. every 24 hours) of a compound of the present disclosure.
- the dosage regimen can be daily administration for consecutive days, for example, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven consecutive days. Dosing can be more than one time daily, for example, twice, three times or four times daily (per a 24 hour period).
- the dosing regimen can be a daily administration followed by at least one day, at least two days, at least three days, at least four days, at least five days, or at least six days, without administration.
- the compounds described herein, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are used in pharmaceutical preparations in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
- suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include inert solid fillers or diluents and sterile aqueous or organic solutions. The compounds will be present in such pharmaceutical compositions in amounts sufficient to provide the desired dosage amount in the range described herein.
- Example 1 Tazemetostat descreases medulloblastoma cell growth.
- Medulloblastoma cells are treated with either a negative control (DMSO) or varying concentrations of tazemetostat (EPZ 6438): 0.5 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ and 6 ⁇ . The total cells per milliliter of culture were counted each day for 10 days. While each tazemetostat treatment demonstrated a significant decrease on medulloblastoma cell growth compared to wild type ( Figure 26C), the effect was concentration dependent.
- DMSO negative control
- EPZ 6438 varying concentrations of tazemetostat
- Tazemetostat demonstrated a superior ability to decrease medulloblastoma cell growth (Figure 26D).
- Example 2 Tazemetostat descreases medulloblastoma cell growth in an ex vivo slice culture.
- the medulloblastoma slice was cultured ex vivo on tissue supporting inserts ( Figure 28A). Portions of the slice culture were untreated, treated with a lower concentration of tazemetostat (500 nM) or a higher concentration of tazemetostat (2 ⁇ ) for 4 days. Following the treatment period, the cells of the slice culture were treated with BrdU for 4 hours prior to disaggregation and sorting by flow cytometry.
- Figure 28B provides the results of the treatment by depicting the percent of cells in each of four cell cycle stages (sub G0/G1 , Go/Gl, S or G2/M) following each one of the treatment conditions.
- the data demonstrate that, compared to the untreated control, an increased proportion of medulloblastoma cells treated with tazemetostat are in the G0/G1 stage and a decreased proportion of medulloblastoma cells treated with tazemetostat are in the G2/M stage.
- the data indicate that treatment with tazemetostat inhibits proliferation/growth of medulloblastoma cells by interfering with cell division.
- Figure 28C confirms the results of Figure 28B showing that the number of cells synthesizing DNA is significantly decreased in the tazemetostat-treated cells as evidenced by decreased incorporation of BrdU.
- Example 3 Tazemetostat pharmacokinetic (PK) data from human phase 1 clinical trial: steady-state PK parameters in adults.
- Tazemetostat pharmacokinetic (PK) data from the first in human phase 1 clinical trial study (CT. gov: NCT101897571), across a dose range of 100 mg (suspension) and 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg (tablet) p.o. twice daily (BID), together with in vitro data including plasma protein binding, blood partitioning, metabolic stability and P450 phenotyping were used to simulate adult exposures by physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBK) modeling (GastroplusTM 8.5, Simulations Plus Inc.). A model fit for the adult exposures (n 24) adequately describes the time-concentration profiles of tazemetostat.
- PBK physiologically-based pharmacokinetic
- mean steady-state Cmax was projected to range between 895 ng/mL and 1550 ng/mL (110% to 190% of Cmax at 800 mg BID in adult), but within the safe and efficacious exposure range defined in adults at doses up to 1600 mg BID ( Figures 32 and 33).
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
The disclosure provides a method of treating a an INI1-deficient tumor in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of an enhancer of a zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor. In a preferred embodiment of this method, the subject is pediatric and the EZH2 inhibitor is Tazemetostat.
Description
PEDIATRIC DOSING FOR TREATMENT OF CANCER WITH AN EZH2
INHIBITOR
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[01] This application claims priority to, and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/252,190 filed November 6, 2015 the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[02] The disclosure is directed to the fields of small molecule therapies, cancer, and methods of treating rare cancer types, particularly in pediatric subjects.
BACKGROUND
[03] There is a long-felt yet unmet need for effective treatments for certain cancers caused by genetic alterations or loss of function of subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex that result in EZH2-dependent oncogenesis.
SUMMARY
[04] Some aspects of this disclosure provide methods, strategies, and dosage schedules for inhibiting EZH2 in a subject, e.g., in a human pediatric patient, by administering a
therapeutically-effective amount of an enhancer of a zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor to the subject. The methods, strategies, and dosage schedules provided herein are useful, for example, for treating cancer in pediatric patients.
[05] Some aspects of this disclosure provide a method of treating a cancer, e.g., an INI1- deficient tumor, in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of an enhancer of a zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor.
Methods of treating cancer, e.g., INI 1 -deficient tumors, provided herein may comprise preventing and/or inhibiting proliferation of a malignant cell, e.g., an INI1 -deficient cell, or cell population.
[06] In certain embodiments of the methods of the disclosure, the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
(Compound A or tazemetostat), or a pharmaceutically - acceptable salt thereof.
[07] In certain embodiments of the methods of the disclosure, the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
(D), a stereoisomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or a solvate thereof.
[08] ods of the disclosure, the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
[09] In certain embodiments of the methods of the disclosure, the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
methods of the disclosure, the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
Oil In certain embodiments of the methods of the disclosure the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
[012] EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered orally. For example, the EZH2 inhibitor may be formulated as an oral tablet or suspension.
[013] EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be formulated for administration to cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) by any route. Exemplary routes of administration to the CSF include, but are not limited to, an intraspinal, an intracranial, an intrathecal or an intranasal route.
[014] In certain embodiments, including, but not limited to, those embodiments wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is formulated as an oral tablet, or as a suspension or solution, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of about 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of about 800 mg. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered once or twice per day (BID). In some embodiments, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID. For example, in some embodiments, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 800 mg BID.
[015] In some embodiments, including, but not limited to, those embodiments wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is formulated as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution, and/or formulated for administration to the CSF by any route, the EZH2 inhibitor may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day, e.g., at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, 20 mg/kg/day, 25 mg/kg/day, 30 mg/kg/day, 40 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day, 60 mg/kg/day, 70 mg/kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day, 80 mg/kg/day, 90 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, 250 mg/kg/day, 300 mg/kg/day, 400 mg/kg/day, 500 mg/kg/day, 600 mg/kg/day, 700 mg/kg/day, 750 mg/kg/day, 800 mg/kg/day, 900 mg/kg/day, 1000 mg/kg/day, 1 100 mg/kg/day, 1200 mg/kg/day, 1250 mg/kg/day, 1300 mg/kg/day, 1400 mg/kg/day, 1500 mg/kg/day, or 1600 mg/kg/day. For example, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID. For example, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 800 mg BID.
[016] In some embodiments, including, but not limited to, those embodiments wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is formulated as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution, and/or formulated for administration to the CSF by any route, the EZH2 inhibitor may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/m2/day and 1200 mg/m2/day, e.g., at a dose of 10 mg/m2/day, 20 mg/m2/day,
2 2 2 2 2 2
25 mg/m /day, 30 mg/m /day, 40 mg/m /day, 50 mg/m /day, 60 mg/m /day, 70 mg/m /day, 75
2 2 2 2 2 2 mg/m /day, 80 mg/m /day, 90 mg/m /day, 100 mg/m /day, 110 mg/m /day, 120 mg/m /day, 125 mg/m2/day, 130 mg/m2/day, 140 mg/m2/day, 150 mg/m2/day, 160 mg/m2/day, 170 mg/m2/day, 175 mg/m2/day, 180 mg/m2/day, 190 mg/m2/day, 200 mg/m2/day, 210 mg/m2/day, 220 mg/m2/day, 225 mg/m2/day, 230 mg/m2/day, 240 mg/m2/day, 250 mg/m2/day, 260 mg/m2/day, 270 mg/m2/day, 275 mg/m2/day, 280 mg/m2/day, 290 mg/m2/day, 300 mg/m2/day,
310 mg/m2/day, 320 mg/m2/day, 325 mg/m2/day, 330 mg/m2/day, 340 mg/m2/day, 350 mg/m2/day, 360 mg/m2/day, 370 mg/m2/day, 375 mg/m2/day, 380 mg/m2/day, 390 mg/m2/day, 400 mg/m2/day, 410 mg/m2/day, 420 mg/m2/day, 425 mg/m2/day, 430 mg/m2/day, 440 mg/m2/day, 450 mg/m2/day, 460 mg/m2/day, 470 mg/m2/day, 475 mg/m2/day, 480 mg/m2/day, 490 mg/m2/day, 500 mg/m2/day, 525 mg/m2/day, 550 mg/m2/day, 575 mg/m2/day, 600 mg/m /day, 625 mg/m /day, 650 mg/m /day, 675 mg/m /day, 700 mg/m /day, 750 mg/m /day, 800 mg/m2/day, 850 mg/m2/day, 900 mg/m2/day, or 1000 mg/m2/day. In some embodiments, including, but not limited to, those embodiments wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is formulated as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution, and/or formulated for administration to the CSF by any route, the EZH2 inhibitor may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/m2/day and 1200 mg/m2/day, e.g., between 100 and 300 mg/m2/day, between 200 and 300 mg/m2/day, between 200 and 400 mg/m2/day, between 250 and 500 mg/m2/day, between 150 and 400 mg/m2/day, between 150 and 300 mg/m2/day, between 300 and 600 mg/m2/day, between 350 and 400 mg/m2/day, between 350 and 700 mg/m2/day, or between 400 and 1200 mg/m2/day. For example, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 10 mg/m2/day and 1200 mg/m2/day BID. For example, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 100, 120, 140, 150, 160, 200, 240, 250, 260, 300, 320, 350, 380, 400, or 600 mg/m2 BID.
[017] In certain embodiments, including, but not limited to, those embodiments wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is formulated as an oral tablet, or as a suspension or solution and/or formulated for administration to the CSF by any route, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or any percentage in between of a value of an area under the curve (AUC) of a steady state plasma and/or CSF concentration (AUCss) of an EZH2 inhibitor, wherein the AUCss is determined following administration of the EZH2 inhibitor to an adult subject at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID. In certain embodiments of the methods of the disclosure, including, but not limited to, those embodiments wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is formulated as an oral suspension and/or formulated to administration to the CSF by any route, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m2 and 600 mg/m2, inclusive of the endpoints. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 300 mg/m2 and 600 mg/m2. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m2 and 305 mg/m2, inclusive of the endpoints. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 240 mg/m2. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 300 mg/m2. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered once or twice per
day (BID). For example, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m2 and 600 mg/m2 BID, inclusive of the endpoints.
[018] For example, an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of about 60% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 1600 mg twice a day to an adult subject. Accordingly, an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure administered at a dose of about 60% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 1600 mg twice a day to an adult subject, is administered at a dose of about 600 mg/m2 per day or at least 600 mg/m2 per day. In certain aspects of this example, the subject treated with the EZH2 inhibitor is a pediatric subject.
[019] For example, an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of about 80% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCs) following administration of 800 mg twice a day to an adult subject. Accordingly, an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure administered at a dose of about 80% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 800 mg twice a day to an adult subject, is administered at a dose of about 390 mg/m2 per day or at least 390 mg/m2 per day. In certain aspects of this example, the subject treated with the EZH2 inhibitor is a pediatric subject.
[020] In some embodiment, the subject may be a pediatric subject. In some embodiments, a pediatric subject of the disclosure is between 6 months and 21 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints. For example, in some embodiments, a pediatric subject of the disclosure is between 1 year and 18 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; 10 years of age or less; 5 years of age or less; between 6 months and 1 year of age, inclusive of the endpoints; between 1 year and 2 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; between 2 years and 6 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; between 6 years and 12 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; or between 12 years and 18 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints. In some embodiments, a pediatric subject is about 1 year, about 2 years, about 3 years, about 4 years, about 5 years, about 6 years, about 7 years, about 8 years, about 9 years, about 10 years, about 11 years, about 12 years, about 13 years, about 14 years, about 15 years, about 16 years, about 17 years, about 18 years, about 19 years, about 20 years, or about 21 years of age. In some embodiments, a pediatric subject is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 years of age, and not more than 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ,15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 years of age, wherein every possible age range that can be formed with these values (e.g., at least 4 and not older than 12 years, or at least 10 and not older than 18 years, to provide two non-limiting examples) is embraced by the present disclosure.
[021] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method of treating cancer, e.g., an INI 1 -deficient tumor, in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of tazemetostat, wherein the therapeutically effective amount is at least 300 mg/m2 twice per day (BID), and wherein the subject is a pediatric subject, e.g., a subject between 6 months and 21 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[022] Figures 1A and IB are a series of Western blot analyses of cell lines with wild type (RD and SJCRH30) and mutant SNF5.
[023] Figures 2A-2E are a series of graphs establishing that SNF5 mutant cell lines A204 (C), G401 (D) and G402 (E) selectively respond to EZH2 compound (Compound D) compared to wild type cell lines RD (A) and SJCRH30 (B).
[024] Figures 3A-3D are a series of bar graphs showing that G401 SNF mutant cell line is responding to Compound D after 7 days in soft agar compared to wild type cells RD. A shows cell line RD (5,000 cells/well). B shows G401 cells (5,000 cells/well). C shows G401 cells in 2D growth. D shows G401 cells (10,000 cells/well).
[025] Figures 4A-4D are four graphs showing that G401 SNF5 mutant cell line is sensitive to Compound A in vitro. Wild type cell line SJCRH30 (A) and RD (C) and SNF5 mutant cell line G401 (B) and A204 (D) were pretreated for 7 days with indicated concentrations of Compound A and replated on day 0. Cell viability was determined by CellTiter-Glo®
Luminescent Cell Viability Assay.
[026] Figures 5A-5E are a series of graphs showing durable regressions in G401 xenografts (malignant rhabdoid tumor model) with Compound A treatment. (A) Tumor regressions induced by Compound A at the indicated doses. (B) Tumor regressions induced by twice daily administration of Compound A at the indicated doses. Data represent the mean values ± SEM (n=8). Compound administration was stopped on day 28. (C) EZH2 target inhibition in G401 xenograft tumor tissue collected from a parallel cohort of mice on day 21. Each point shows the ratio of H3K27Me3 to total H3. Horizontal lines represent group mean values. BLLQ = below lower limit of quantification. (D, E) Immunohistochemical staining of tumor histone methylation of tumor samples from the vehicle treated (D) and Compound A treated (E) (at 125 mg/kg) mice.
[027] Figure 6 is a graph showing the locations of ATRX mutations identified in SCLC cell lines.
[028] Figure 7A is a graph showing that LNCAP prostate cancer cells display dose-dependent cell growth inhibition with Compound D treatment in vitro.
[029] Figure 7B is a graph showing IC50 value of Compound D at day 11 and day 14 for WSU-DLCL2 and LNCAP cells.
[030] Figures 8A-8C are three graphs establishing that ATRX mutant SCLC lines NCI-H446 (A), SW1271 (B) and NCI-H841 (C) are responding to Compound D.
[031] Figures 9A-9C are three microscopy images showing that SCLC line NCI-H841 changes morphology after treatment with vehicle (A) or Compound D at concentration of 4.1E- 02 uM (B) or 3.3 uM (C).
[032] Figures 1 OA- IOC are a series of graphs showing effects of Compound A on cellular global histone methylation and cell viability. (A) Chemical structure of Compound A (or tazemetostat). (B) Concentration-dependent inhibition of cellular H3K27Me3 levels in G401 and RD cells. (C) Selective inhibition of proliferation of SMARCB1 -deleted G401 cells by Compound A in vitro (measured by ATP content). G401 (panels a and b) and RD cells (panels c and d) were re-plated at the original seeding densities on day 7. Each point represents the mean for each concentration (n=3).
[033] Figures 11 A and 1 IB are a series of graphs showing biochemical mechanism of action studies. The IC50 value of Compound A increases with increasing SAM concentration (A) and is minimally affected by increasing oligonucleosome concentration (B), indicating SAM- competitive and nucleosome-noncompetitive mechanism of action.
[034] Figures 12A and 12B are a series of panels demonstrating verification of SMARCB1 and EZH2 expression in cell lines and specificity of Compound A for inhibition of cellular histone methylation. (A) Cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblot with antibodies specific to SMARCB1, EZH2 and Actin (loading control). (B) Selective inhibition of cellular H3K27 methylation in G401 and RD cells. Cells were incubated with Compound A for 4 days, and acid-extracted histones were analyzed by immunoblot.
[035] Figures 13 A and 13B are a series of bar graphs demonstrating that Compound A induces Gi arrest and apoptosis in SMARCB1 -deleted MRT cells. Cell cycle analysis (by flow cytometry) and determination of apoptosis (by TUNEL assay) in RD (panel A) or G401 cells (panel B) during incubation with either vehicle or 1 μΜ Compound A for up to 14 days. Gi arrest was observed as of day 7 and apoptosis was induced as of day 11. Data are represented as mean values ± SEM (n=2). The DMSO control values shown are the average ± SEM from each time point. Cells were split and re-plated on days 4, 7 and 11 at the original seeding density.
[036] Figures 14A-14C are a series of graphs showing that Compound A induces changes in expression of SMARCB1 regulated genes and cell morphology. (A) Basal expression of SMARCB1 regulated genes in G401 SMARCB1 -deleted cells, relative to RD control cells (measured by qPCR, n=2). (B) G401 and RD cells were incubated with either DMSO or 1 μΜ Compound A for 2, 4 and 7 days. Gene expression was determined by qPCR (n=2) and is expressed relative to the DMSO control of each time point. Panels a-j correspond to genes GLI1, PTChl, DOCK4, CD133, PTPRK, BIN1, CDK 1A, CDK 2A, EZH2, and MYC, respectively. (C) G402 cells were incubated with either DMSO (left panel) or 1 μΜ
Compound A (right panel) for 14 days. Cells were split and re-plated to the original seeding density on day 7.
[037] Figures 15A-15D are series of graphs demonstrating body weights, tumor regressions and plasma levels in G401 xenograft bearing mice treated with Compound A. (A) Body weights were determined twice a week for animals treated with Compound A on a BID schedule for 28 days. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM (n=16 until day 21, n=8 from day 22 to 60). (B) Tumor regressions induced by twice daily (BID) administration of Compound A for 21 days at the indicated doses (mean values ± SEM, n=16). * p <0.05, ** p < 0.01, repeated measures ANOVA, Dunnett's post-test vs. vehicle. (C) Tumor weights of 8 mice euthanized on day 21. **** p < 0.0001, Fisher's exact test. (D) Plasma was collected 5 min before and 3 h after dosing of Compound A on day 21, and compound levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. Animals were euthanized, and tumors were collected 3 h after dosing on day 21. Tumor homogenates were generated and subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis to determine Compound A concentrations. Note that tumor compound levels could not be determined from all animals especially in the higher dose groups because the xenografts were too small on day 21. Dots represent values for the individual animals; horizontal lines represent group mean values.
[038] Figures 16A-16C are a series of graphs showing that Compound A eradicates
SMARCB1 -deleted MRT xenografts in SCID mice. (A) Tumor regressions induced by twice daily (BID) administration of Compound A for 28 days at the indicated doses. Compound administration was stopped on day 28 and tumors were allowed to re-grow until they reached 2000 mm3 (data shown as mean values ± SEM, n=8). (B) EZH2 target inhibition in G401 xenograft tumor tissue collected from mice euthanized on day 21. Each point shows the ratio of H3K27Me3 to total H3, measured by ELISA. Horizontal lines represent group mean values; grey symbols are values outside of the ELISA standard curve. (C) Change in gene expression in G401 xenograft tumor tissue collected from mice treated with Compound A for
21 days. Panels a-d correspond to genes CD 133, PTPRK, DOCK4, and GLI1, respectively. Data are presented as fold change compared to vehicle ± SEM (n=6, n=4 for 500 mg/kg group). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 , **** p < 0.0001 , vs. vehicle, Fisher's exact test.
[039] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram depicting epigenetic control of gene expression. Combinations of histone modifications encode information that governs coordinated activation or repression of genetic programs as well as developmental cell identity and fate decisions.
[040] Figure 18 is a graph showing that EZH2 is over expressed and associated with chromosome 7 amplification in medulloblastoma. Solid bars indicate a balanced chromosome 7 whereas hatched bars indicate a chromosome 7 gain.
[041] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram depicting control of histone lysine methylation by EZH2 and MLL.
[042] Figure 20A is a graph showing the probability of overall survival (OS) as a function of time since diagnosis (in months) with medulloblastoma. Histone lysine methylation is altered in medulloblastoma. H3K27me3 abundance is increased in medulloblastoma cells compared to control cells.
[043] Figure 20B is a graph showing the probability of overall survival (OS) as a function of time since diagnosis (in months) with medulloblastoma. Histone lysine methylation is altered in medulloblastoma. H3K27me3 abundance is increased in medulloblastoma cells compared to control cells.
[044] Figure 21 A is a series of photographs and a graph showing the abundances of
H3K4me3 and H3K27Me3 in medulloblastoma cells. The data demonstrate deregulation of the histone code in medulloblastoma.
[045] Figure 2 IB is a graph depicting the probability of overall survival as a function of time since diagnosis (in months) for medulloblastoma subjects having deregulated histone methylation at H3K4me3 and/or H3K27Me3.
[046] Figure 22A is a graph demonstrating that inhibition of EZH2 by a short-hairpin EZH2 (shEZH2) construct suppresses medulloblastoma cell growth (growth of the DAOY medulloblastoma cell line) compared to a negative-control construct.
[047] Figure 22B a series of photographs and a graph demonstrating that inhibition of EZH2 by a short-hairpin EZH2 (shEZH2) construct suppresses medulloblastoma cell growth (growth of the DAOY medulloblastoma cell line) compared to a negative-control construct and/or the empty pSIF vector control.
[048] Figure 23A is a schematic diagram depicting the mechanism by which INI1 loss creates an oncogenic dependency on EZH2 in tumors.
[049] Figure 23B is a graph showing the percent of tumor-free survival of ΓΝΙ1 deficient mice as a function of time (days) when EZH2 is knocked out. EZH2 knockout reverses oncogenesis induced by INI1 loss.
[050] Figure 24A is a series of photographs showing control or EZH2 inhibitor-treated (DNZep-treated) atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) at 1 , 3, 5, and 7 days post- treatment. Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses ATRT cell self-renewal.
[051] Figure 24B is a graph quantifying the results of Figure 24 A.
[052] Figure 24C is a graph quantifying the results of Figure 24 A.
[053] Figure 24D is a series of photographs showing control or EZH2 inhibitor-treated (DNZep-treated) atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (ATRTs) at 3, 5, 8 and 10 days post- treatment. Inhibition of EZH2 suppresses ATRT cell self-renewal.
[054] Figure 24E is a graph quantifying the results of Figure 24D.
[055] Figure 25A is a pair of graphs showing a surviving fraction of untreated or DZNEP- treated ATRT cells (from a BT-16 ATRT cell line) exposed to 2Gy radiation. Inhibition of EZH2 radio-sensitizes ATRT.
[056] Figure 25B is a pair of graphs showing a surviving fraction of untreated or DZNEP- treated ATRT cells (from a UPN737 ATRT cell line, "737") exposed to 2Gy radiation.
Inhibition of EZH2 radio-sensitizes ATRT.
[057] Figure 26A is a graph showing the concentration of medulloblastoma cells (total cells per milliliter) as a function of time (days) following treatment with GSK-126, a small molecule inhibitor of EZH2. Small molecule inhibitors of EZH2 decrease medulloblastoma cell growth.
[058] Figure 26B is a graph showing the concentration of medulloblastoma cells (total cells per milliliter) as a function of time (days) following treatment with UNC 1999, a small molecule inhibitor of EZH2. Small molecule inhibitors of EZH2 decrease medulloblastoma cell growth.
[059] Figure 26C is a graph showing the concentration of medulloblastoma cells (total cells per milliliter) as a function of time (days) following treatment with tazemetostat (EPZ 6438), a small molecule inhibitor of EZH2. Small molecule inhibitors of EZH2 decrease
medulloblastoma cell growth.
[060] Figure 26D is a graph showing the concentration of medulloblastoma cells (total cells per milliliter) as a function of time (days) following treatment with GSK-126, UNC 1999, and tazemetostat (EPZ 6438). Tazemetostat has the greatest effect on medulloblastoma cell growth of the small molecule inhibitors tested.
[061] Figure 27A is a chemical structure diagram of tazemetostat.
[062] Figure 27B is a pair of schematic diagrams depicting the relative selectivity of tazemetostat for EZH2.
[063] Figure 28A is a schematic diagram depicting the process by which primary
medulloblastoma cell growth is evaluated ex vivo.
[064] Figure 28B is a graph depicting the relative abundances (percent of cells) of untreated or tazemetostat (EPZ 6438)-treated primary medulloblastoma cells in various cell cycle stages (sub Go/Gl, Go/Gl, S, or G2/M). A slice culture of medulloblastoma was freshly isolated from a 5 year old subject. The slice culture was treated with tazemetostat for 4 days before being disaggregated and analyzed by flow cytometry. Tazemetostat treatment decreases primary medulloblastoma cell growth ex vivo.
[065] Figure 28C is a graph depicting BrdU expression of the cells analyzed in Figure 28B. Tazemetostat treatment decreases primary medulloblastoma cell growth ex vivo.
[066] Figure 29A is a graph depicting percent survival of vehicle or tazemetostat (EPZ 6438)- treated ATRT cells in vivo as a function of time (days) post-treatment. Tazemetostat decreases ATRT in vivo.
[067] Figure 29B is a photograph of a Western blot showing the relative amounts of
H2K27me3 and H3 in vehicle or tazemetostat (EPZ 6438)-treated ATRT cells from Figure 29A.
[068] Figure 30 is a schematic illustrating the generalized layout of a physiologically -based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model.
[069] Figure 31 is a scheme illustrating the modeling and simulation for pediatric starting dose selection in early clinical development.
[070] Figure 32 is a series of graphs showing that the model fit for interim adult PK data at steady-state (Day 15, n=24) showed a good fit for each dose group. Symbols represent observed data from individuals (+/- SD, n=3 or 6 per dose) and the solid line represents the mean profile predicted from the PBPK model in Gastroplus™. The dotted grey lines represent the 90% CI. Tazemetostat PK data from patients enrolled in the dose escalation cohorts of a phase 1 clinical study were previously presented by Ribrag et al., Blood (2015) 126:473, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[071] Figure 33 is a pair of graphs showing the predicted mean total steady state plasma concentration-time profiles of tazemetostat administered as a 240 mg/m2 BID or 300 mg/m2 BID oral dose across the age ranges and mean measured total steady-state plasma
concentration-time profile of tazemetostat administered as a 390 mg/m2 (800mg) or 780 mg/m2 (1600mg) BID oral dose in adults (n=6 per dose). The adult model was used to predict
the PK profile in pediatric populations by accounting for age-dependent physiological differences, such as ontogeny of the GI tract and other organs, blood flows, P450 expression, plasma protein binding and hematocrit.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[072] Some aspects of this disclosure provide methods, strategies, and dosing schedules for treating cancer in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of an enhancer of a zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor. In some embodiments, the cancer is an INI 1 -deficient tumor. In some embodiments, methods of treating cancer, e.g., an INI1- deficient tumor, of the disclosure may comprise preventing and/or inhibiting proliferation of a malignant cell, e.g., of an INI 1 -deficient cell.
[073] The disclosure provides a method for treating or alleviating a symptom of a SWI/SNF- associated cancer in a subject by administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor. For example, the SWI/SNF-associated cancer is characterized by reduced expression and/or loss of function of the SWI/SNF complex or one or more components of the SWI/SNF complex. In a preferred embodiment, the cancer is an INI1- deficient tumor
[074] The disclosure also provides a method of treating or alleviating a symptom of a SWI/SNF-associated cancer in a subject in need thereof by (a) determining the expression level of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of differentiation genes, cell cycle inhibition genes and tumor suppressor genes in a sample obtained from the subject; (b) selecting the subject having a decreased expression level of at least one gene in step a; and (c) administering to the subject selected in step b an effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor, thereby treating or alleviating a symptom of cancer in the subject. In a preferred embodiment, the cancer is an INI 1 -deficient tumor.
[075] The disclosure further provides a method of treating or alleviating a symptom of a SWI/SNF-associated cancer in a subject in need thereof by (a) determining the expression level of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of hedgehog pathway genes, myc pathway genes and histone methyltransferase genes in a sample obtained from the subject; (b) selecting the subject having an increased expression level of at least one gene in step a; and (c) administering to the subject selected in step b an effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor, thereby treating or alleviating a symptom of cancer in the subject. In a preferred embodiment, the cancer is an INI 1 -deficient tumor.
[076] For example, the differentiation gene is CD 133, DOCK4, or PTPRK.
[077] For example, the cell cycle inhibition gene is CKDN1A or CDK 2A.
[078] For example, the tumor suppressor gene is BIN1.
[079] For example, the hedgehog pathway gene is GLI1 or PTCH1.
[080] For example, the myc pathway gene is MYC.
[081] For example, the histone methyltransferase gene is EZH2.
[082] The disclosure also provides a method of inducing differentiation, cell cycle inhibition or tumor suppression by contacting a cell with an EZH2 inhibitor. The EZH2 inhibitor may be in an amount sufficient to increase expression of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of CD 133, DOCK4, PTPRK, CKDN1A, CDK 2A and BIN1.
[083] The disclosure also provides a method of inhibiting hedgehog signaling by contacting a cell with an EZH2 inhibitor. The EZH2 inhibitor can be in an amount sufficient to reduce expression of GLI1 and/or PTCH1.
[084] The disclosure also provides a method of inducing gene expression by contacting a cell with an EZH2 inhibitor. The EZH2 inhibitor can be in an amount sufficient to induce differentiation, cell cycle inhibition and/or tumor suppression. For example, the gene can be CD133, DOCK4, PTPRK, CKDNIA, CKDN2A or BIN1.
[085] The disclosure also provides a method of inhibiting gene expression by contacting a cell with an EZH2 inhibitor. The EZH2 inhibitor is in an amount sufficient to inhibit hedgehog signaling. For example, the gene can be GLI1 or PTCH1.
[086] For example, the cell may have loss of function of SNF5, ARID1 A, ATRX, and/or a component of the SWI/SNF complex.
[087] For example, the loss of function is caused by a deletion of SNF5.
[088] For example, the cell is a cancer cell. Preferably, the cancer is an INI 1 -deficient cancer cell.
[ inhibitor comprises
[090] For example, the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
[091] For example, the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
tor comprises
, a stereoisomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or a solvate thereof.
[093] For example, the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
[094] For example, the EZH2 inhibitor com rises
[095] Human nucleic acid and amino acid sequence of components of the SWI/SNF complex have previously been described. See, e.g., GenBank Accession Nos NP_003064.2,
NM_003073.3, NP_001007469.1, andNM_001007468.1 for SNF5, GenBank Accession Nos NM_000489.3, NP_000480.2, NM_138270.2, andNP_612114.1 for ATRX, GenBank
Accession Nos NP_006006.3, NM_006015.4, NP_624361.1, and NM_139135.2 for ARIDIA, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[096] Spectrum of hSNF5 somatic mutations in human has also been described in Sevenet et al , Human Molecular Genetics, 8: 2359-2368, 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[097] A subject in need thereof may have reduced expression, haploinsufficiency, and/or loss of function of SNF5. For example, a subject can comprise a deletion of SNF5 in SNF5 polypeptide or a nucleic acid sequence encoding a SNF5 polypeptide.
SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform a (SMARCBl, also called SNF5) [Homo sapiensl (SEQ ID NO: 1)
1 mmmmalsktf gqkpvkfqle ddgefymigs evgnylrmfr gslykrypsl wrrlatveer 61 kkivasshgk ktkpntkdhg yttlatsvtl lkaseveeil dgndekykav sistepptyl 121 reqkakrnsq wvptlpnssh hldavpcstt inrnrmgrdk krtfplcfdd hdpavihena 181 sqpevlvpir ldmeidgqkl rdaftwnmne klmtpemfse ilcddldlnp ltfvpaiasa 241 irqqiesypt dsiledqsdq rviiklnihv gnislvdqfe wdmsekensp ekfalklcse 301 lglggefvtt iaysirgqls whqktyafse nplptveiai rntgdadqwc plletltdae 361 mekkirdqdr ntrrmrrlan tapaw
Homo sapiens SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily b, member 1 (SMARCBl, also called SNF5), transcript variant 1, mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 2)
1 aacgccagcg cctgcgcact gagggcggcc tggtcgtcgt ctgcggcggc ggcggcggct 61 gaggagcccg gctgaggcgc cagtacccgg cccggtccgc atttcgcctt ccggcttcgg 121 tttccctcgg cccagcacgc cccggccccg ccccagccct cctgatccct cgcagcccgg 181 ctccggccgc ccgcctctgc cgccgcaatg atgatgatgg cgctgagcaa gaccttcggg 241 cagaagcccg tgaagttcca gctggaggac gacggcgagt tctacatgat cggctccgag 301 gtgggaaact acctccgtat gttccgaggt tctctgtaca agagataccc ctcactctgg 361 aggcgactag ccactgtgga agagaggaag aaaatagttg catcgtcaca tggtaaaaaa 421 acaaaaccta acactaagga tcacggatac acgactctag ccaccagtgt gaccctgtta 481 aaagcctcgg aagtggaaga gattctggat ggcaacgatg agaagtacaa ggctgtgtcc 541 atcagcacag agccccccac ctacctcagg gaacagaagg ccaagaggaa cagccagtgg 601 gtacccaccc tgcccaacag ctcccaccac ttagatgccg tgccatgctc cacaaccatc 661 aacaggaacc gcatgggccg agacaagaag agaaccttcc ccctttgctt tgatgaccat 721 gacccagctg tgatccatga gaacgcatct cagcccgagg tgctggtccc catccggctg 781 gacatggaga tcgatgggca gaagctgcga gacgccttca cctggaacat gaatgagaag 841 ttgatgacgc ctgagatgtt ttcagaaatc ctctgtgacg atctggattt gaacccgctg 901 acgtttgtgc cagccatcgc ctctgccatc agacagcaga tcgagtccta ccccacggac 961 agcatcctgg aggaccagtc agaccagcgc gtcatcatca agctgaacat ccatgtggga 1021 aacatttccc tggtggacca gtttgagtgg gacatgtcag agaaggagaa ctcaccagag 1081 aagtttgccc tgaagctgtg ctcggagctg gggttgggcg gggagtttgt caccaccatc 1141 gcatacagca tccggggaca gctgagctgg catcagaaga cctacgcctt cagcgagaac 1201 cctctgccca cagtggagat tgccatccgg aacacgggcg atgcggacca gtggtgccca 1261 ctgctggaga ctctgacaga cgctgagatg gagaagaaga tccgcgacca ggacaggaac 1321 acgaggcgga tgaggcgtct tgccaacacg gccccggcct ggtaaccagc ccatcagcac 1381 acggctccca cggagcatct cagaagattg ggccgcctct cctccatctt ctggcaagga 1441 cagaggcgag gggacagccc agcgccatcc tgaggatcgg gtgggggtgg agtgggggct 1501 tccaggtggc ccttcccggc acacattcca tttgttgagc cccagtcctg ccccccaccc 1561 caccctccct acccctcccc agtctctggg gtcaggaaga aaccttattt taggttgtgt 1621 tttgtttttg tataggagcc ccaggcaggg ctagtaacag tttttaaata aaaggcaaca 1681 ggtcatgttc aatttcttca acaaaaaaaa aaaaaaa
SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform b [Homo sapiensl (SMARCBl, also called SNF5) (SEQ ID NO: 3)
1 mmmmalsktf gqkpvkfqle ddgefymigs evgnylrmfr gslykrypsl wrrlatveer 61 kkivasshdh gyttlatsvt llkaseveei ldgndekyka vsisteppty lreqkakrns 121 qwvptlpnss hhldavpcst tinrnrmgrd kkrtfplcfd dhdpavihen asqpevlvpi 181 rldmeidgqk lrdaftwnmn eklmtpemfs eilcddldln pltfvpaias airqqiesyp 241 tdsiledqsd qrviiklnih vgnislvdqf ewdmsekens pekfalklcs elglggefvt 301 tiaysirgql swhqktyafs enplptveia irntgdadqw cplletltda emekkirdqd 361 rntrrmrrla ntapaw
168 1 aaaaaaaaaa
[098] A subject in need thereof may have reduced expression, haploinsufficiency, and/or loss of function of ATRX. For example, a subject can comprise a mutation selected from the group consisting of a substitution of asparagine (N) for the wild type residue lysine (K) at amino acid position 688 of SEQ ID NO: 5 (K688N), and a substitution of isoleucine (I) for the wild type residue methionine (M) at amino acid position 366 of SEQ ID NO: 5 (M366I).
Homo sapiens alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) isoform 1 (SEQ ID NO: 5)
1 mtaepmsesk lntlvqklhd flahsseese etsspprlam nqntdkisgs gsnsdmmens 61 keegtsssek skssgssrsk rkpsivtkyv esddekpldd etvnedasne nsenditmqs 121 lpkgtvivqp epvlnedkdd fkgpefrsrs kmktenlkkr gedglhgivs ctacgqqvnh 181 fqkdsiyrhp slqvlicknc fkyymsddis rdsdgmdeqc rwcaeggnli ccdfchnafc 241 kkcilrnlgr kelstimden nqwycyichp eplldlvtac nsvfenleql lqqnkkkikv 301 dseksnkvye hts rfspkkt s sncngeekk lddscsgsvt ysysalivpk emikkakkli 361 ettanmns sy vkflkqatdn seissatklr qlkafksvla dikkahlale edlnsefram 421 davnkekntk ehkvidakfe tkarkgekpc alekkdis ks eaklsrkqvd sehmhqnvpt 481 eeqrtnkstg gehkksdrke epqyepants edldmdivsv ps svpedi fe nletamevqs 541 svdhqgdgss gteqevesss vklnisskdn rggiksktta kvtkelyvkl tpvslsnspi 601 kgadcqevpq dkdgyks cgl npklekcglg qensdnehlv enevslllee sdlrrsprvk 661 ttplrrptet npvtsnsdee cnetvkekqk Isvpvrkkdk rnssdsaidn pkpnklpks k 721 qsetvdqnsd sdemlailke vsrmshssss dtdineihtn hktlydlktq agkddkgkrk 781 rksstsgsdf dtkkgksaks siiskkkrqt qsessnydse lekeiksms k igaarttkkr 841 ipntkdfdss edekhskkgm dnqghknlkt sqegssddae rkqeretfss aegtvdkdtt 901 imelrdrlpk kqqasastdg vdklsgkeqs ftslevrkva etkeks khlk tktckkvqdg
961 lsdiaekflk kdqsdetsed dkkqskkgte ekkkpsdfkk kvikmeqqye sssdgteklp
1021 ereeichfpk gikqikngtt dgekkskkir dktskkkdel sdyaekstgk gdscdssedk
1081 kskngaygre kkrckllgks srkrqdcsss dtekysmked gcnssdkrlk rielrerrnl
1141 sskrntkeiq sgssssdaee ssednkkkkq rtsskkkavi vkekkrnslr tstkrkqadi
1201 tsssssdied ddqnsigegs sdeqkikpvt enlvlsshtg fcqssgdeal sksvpvtvdd
1261 ddddndpenr iakkmlleei kanlssdedg ssddepeegk krtgkqneen pgdeeaknqv
1321 nsesdsdsee skkpryrhrl lrhkltvsdg esgeekktkp kehkevkgrn rrkvssedse
1381 dsdfqesgvs eevsesedeq rprtrsakka eleenqrsyk qkkkrrrikv qedsssenks
1441 nseeeeeeke eeeeeeeeee eeeedendds kspgkgrkki rkilkddklr tetqnalkee
1501 eerrkriaer erereklrev ieiedasptk cpittklvld edeetkeplv qvhrnmvikl
1561 kphqvdgvqf mwdcccesvk ktkkspgsgc ilahcmglgk tlqvvsflht vllcdkldfs
1621 talvvcplnt aln mnefek wqeglkddek levselatvk rpqersymlq rwqedggvmi
1681 igyemyrnla qgrnvksrkl keifnkalvd pgpdfvvcde ghilkneasa vskamnsirs
1741 rrriiltgtp lqnnlieyhc mvnfikenll gsikefrnrf inpiqngqca dstmvdvrvm
1801 kkrahilyem lagcvqrkdy taltkflppk heyvlavrmt siqcklyqyy ldhltgvgnn
1861 seggrgkaga klfqdfqmls riwthpwclq ldyiskenkg yfdedsmdef iasdsdetsm
1921 slssddytkk kkkgkkgkkd ssssgsgsdn dvevikvwns rsrgggegnv detgnnpsvs
1981 lkleeskats ssnpsspapd wykdfvtdad aevlehsgkm vllfeilrma eeigdkvlvf
2041 sqslisldli edflelasre ktedkdkpli ykgegkwlrn idyyrldgst taqsrkkwae
2101 efndetnvrg rlfiistkag slginlvaan rviifdaswn psydiqsifr vyrfgqtkpv
2161 yvyrflaqgt medkiydrqv tkqslsfrvv dqqqverhft mneltelytf epdllddpns
2221 ekkkkrdtpm lpkdtilael lqihkehivg yhehdslldh keeeelteee rkaawaeyea
2281 ekkgltmrfn iptgtnlppv sfnsqtpyip fnlgalsams nqqledlinq grekvveatn
2341 svtavriqpl ediisavwke nmnlseaqvq alalsrqasq eldvkrreai yndvltkqqm
2401 liscvqrilm nrrlqqqynq qqqqqmtyqq atlghlmmpk ppnlimnpsn yqqidmrgmy
2461 qpvaggmqpp plqrapppmr sknpgpsqgk sm
Homo sapiens alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), transcript variant 1, mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 6)
1 aattctcctg cctgagcctc ggcccaacaa aatggcggcg gcagcggtgt cgctttgttt 61 ccgcggctcc tgcggcggtg gcagtggtag cggcctttga gctgtgggga ggttccagca 121 gcagctacag tgacgactaa gactccagtg catttctatc gtaaccgggc gcgggggagc 181 gcagatcggc gcccagcaat cacagaagcc gacaaggcgt tcaagcgaaa acatgaccgc 241 tgagcccatg agtgaaagca agttgaatac attggtgcag aagcttcatg acttccttgc 301 acactcatca gaagaatctg aagaaacaag ttctcctcca cgacttgcaa tgaatcaaaa 361 cacagataaa atcagtggtt ctggaagtaa ctctgatatg atggaaaaca gcaaggaaga 421 gggaactagc tcttcagaaa aatccaagtc ttcaggatcg tcacgatcaa agaggaaacc 481 ttcaattgta acaaagtatg tagaatcaga tgatgaaaaa cctttggatg atgaaactgt 541 aaatgaagat gcgtctaatg aaaattcaga aaatgatatt actatgcaga gcttgccaaa 601 aggtacagtg attgtacagc cagagccagt gctgaatgaa gacaaagatg attttaaagg 661 gcctgaattt agaagcagaa gtaaaatgaa aactgaaaat ctcaaaaaac gcggagaaga 721 tgggcttcat gggattgtga gctgcactgc ttgtggacaa caggtcaatc attttcaaaa 781 agattccatt tatagacacc cttcattgca agttcttatt tgtaagaatt gctttaagta 841 ttacatgagt gatgatatta gccgtgactc agatggaatg gatgaacaat gtaggtggtg 901 tgcggaaggt ggaaacttga tttgttgtga cttttgccat aatgctttct gcaagaaatg 961 cattctacgc aaccttggtc gaaaggagtt gtccacaata atggatgaaa acaaccaatg 1021 gtattgctac atttgtcacc cagagccttt gttggacttg gtcactgcat gtaacagcgt 1081 atttgagaat ttagaacagt tgttgcagca aaataagaag aagataaaag ttgacagtga 1141 aaagagtaat aaagtatatg aacatacatc cagattttct ccaaagaaga ctagttcaaa 1201 ttgtaatgga gaagaaaaga aattagatga ttcctgttct ggctctgtaa cctactctta 1261 ttccgcacta attgtgccca aagagatgat taagaaggca aaaaaactga ttgagaccac 1321 agccaacatg aactccagtt atgttaaatt tttaaagcag gcaacagata attcagaaat 1381 cagttctgct acaaaattac gtcagcttaa ggcttttaag tctgtgttgg ctgatattaa 1441 gaaggctcat cttgcattgg aagaagactt aaattccgag tttcgagcga tggatgctgt 1501 aaacaaagag aaaaatacca aagagcataa agtcatagat gctaagtttg aaacaaaagc 1561 acgaaaagga gaaaaacctt gtgctttgga aaagaaggat atttcaaagt cagaagctaa 1621 actttcaaga aaacaggtag atagtgagca catgcatcag aatgttccaa cagaggaaca 1681 aagaacaaat aaaagtaccg gtggtgaaca taagaaatct gatagaaaag aagaacctca 1741 atatgaacct gccaacactt ctgaagattt agacatggat attgtgtctg ttccttcctc 1801 agttccagaa gacatttttg agaatcttga gactgctatg gaagttcaga gttcagttga
1861 tcatcaaggg gatggcagca gtggaactga acaagaagtg gagagttcat ctgtaaaatt 1921 aaatatttct tcaaaagaca acagaggagg tattaaatca aaaactacag ctaaagtaac 1981 aaaagaatta tatgttaaac tcactcctgt ttccctttct aattccccaa ttaaaggtgc 2041 tgattgtcag gaagttccac aagataaaga tggctataaa agttgtggtc tgaaccccaa 2101 gttagagaaa tgtggacttg gacaggaaaa cagtgataat gagcatttgg ttgaaaatga 2161 agtttcatta cttttagagg aatctgatct tcgaagatcc ccacgtgtaa agactacacc 2221 cttgaggcga ccgacagaaa ctaaccctgt aacatctaat tcagatgaag aatgtaatga 2281 aacagttaag gagaaacaaa aactatcagt tccagtgaga aaaaaggata agcgtaattc 2341 ttctgacagt gctatagata atcctaagcc taataaattg ccaaaatcta agcaatcaga 2401 gactgtggat caaaattcag attctgatga aatgctagca atcctcaaag aggtgagcag 2461 gatgagtcac agttcttctt cagatactga tattaatgaa attcatacaa accataagac 2521 tttgtatgat ttaaagactc aggcggggaa agatgataaa ggaaaaagga aacgaaaaag 2581 ttctacatct ggctcagatt ttgatactaa aaagggcaaa tcagctaaga gctctataat 2641 ttctaaaaag aaacgacaaa cccagtctga gtcttctaat tatgactcag aattagaaaa 2701 agagataaag agcatgagta aaattggtgc tgccagaacc accaaaaaaa gaattccaaa 2761 tacaaaagat tttgactctt ctgaagatga gaaacacagc aaaaaaggaa tggataatca 2821 agggcacaaa aatttgaaga cctcacaaga aggatcatct gatgatgctg aaagaaaaca 2881 agagagagag actttctctt cagcagaagg cacagttgat aaagacacga ccatcatgga 2941 attaagagat cgacttccta agaagcagca agcaagtgct tccactgatg gtgtcgataa 3001 gctttctggg aaagagcaga gttttacttc tttggaagtt agaaaagttg ctgaaactaa 3061 agaaaagagc aagcatctca aaaccaaaac atgtaaaaaa gtacaggatg gcttatctga 3121 tattgcagag aaattcctaa agaaagacca gagcgatgaa acttctgaag atgataaaaa 3181 gcagagcaaa aagggaactg aagaaaaaaa gaaaccttca gactttaaga aaaaagtaat 3241 taaaatggaa caacagtatg aatcttcatc tgatggcact gaaaagttac ctgagcgaga 3301 agaaatttgt cattttccta agggcataaa acaaattaag aatggaacaa ctgatggaga 3361 aaagaaaagt aaaaaaataa gagataaaac ttctaaaaag aaggatgaat tatctgatta 3421 tgctgagaag tcaacaggga aaggagatag ttgtgactct tcagaggata aaaagagtaa 3481 gaatggagca tatggtagag agaagaaaag gtgcaagttg cttggaaaga gttcaaggaa 3541 gagacaagat tgttcatcat ctgatactga gaaatattcc atgaaagaag atggttgtaa 3601 ctcttctgat aagagactga aaagaataga attgagggaa agaagaaatt taagttcaaa 3661 gagaaatact aaggaaatac aaagtggctc atcatcatct gatgctgagg aaagttctga 3721 agataataaa aagaagaagc aaagaacttc atctaaaaag aaggcagtca ttgtcaagga 3781 gaaaaagaga aactccctaa gaacaagcac taaaaggaag caagctgaca ttacatcctc 3841 atcttcttct gatatagaag atgatgatca gaattctata ggtgagggaa gcagcgatga 3901 acagaaaatt aagcctgtga ctgaaaattt agtgctgtct tcacatactg gattttgcca 3961 atcttcagga gatgaagcct tatctaaatc agtgcctgtc acagtggatg atgatgatga 4021 cgacaatgat cctgagaata gaattgccaa gaagatgctt ttagaagaaa ttaaagccaa 4081 tctttcctct gatgaggatg gatcttcaga tgatgagcca gaagaaggga aaaaaagaac 4141 tggaaaacaa aatgaagaaa acccaggaga tgaggaagca aaaaatcaag tcaattctga 4201 atcagattca gattctgaag aatctaagaa gccaagatac agacataggc ttttgcggca 4261 caaattgact gtgagtgacg gagaatctgg agaagaaaaa aagacaaagc ctaaagagca 4321 taaagaagtc aaaggcagaa acagaagaaa ggtgagcagt gaagattcag aagattctga 4381 ttttcaggaa tcaggagtta gtgaagaagt tagtgaatcc gaagatgaac agcggcccag 4441 aacaaggtct gcaaagaaag cagagttgga agaaaatcag cggagctata aacagaaaaa 4501 gaaaaggcga cgtattaagg ttcaagaaga ttcatccagt gaaaacaaga gtaattctga 4561 ggaagaagag gaggaaaaag aagaggagga ggaagaggag gaggaggagg aagaggagga 4621 ggaagatgaa aatgatgatt ccaagtctcc tggaaaaggc agaaagaaaa ttcggaagat 4681 tcttaaagat gataaactga gaacagaaac acaaaatgct cttaaggaag aggaagagag 4741 acgaaaacgt attgctgaga gggagcgtga gcgagaaaaa ttgagagagg tgatagaaat 4801 tgaagatgct tcacccacca agtgtccaat aacaaccaag ttggttttag atgaagatga 4861 agaaaccaaa gaacctttag tgcaggttca tagaaatatg gttatcaaat tgaaacccca 4921 tcaagtagat ggtgttcagt ttatgtggga ttgctgctgt gagtctgtga aaaaaacaaa 4981 gaaatctcca ggttcaggat gcattcttgc ccactgtatg ggccttggta agactttaca 5041 ggtggtaagt tttcttcata cagttctttt gtgtgacaaa ctggatttca gcacggcgtt 5101 agtggtttgt cctcttaata ctgctttgaa ttggatgaat gaatttgaga agtggcaaga 5161 gggattaaaa gatgatgaga agcttgaggt ttctgaatta gcaactgtga aacgtcctca 5221 ggagagaagc tacatgctgc agaggtggca agaagatggt ggtgttatga tcataggcta 5281 tgagatgtat agaaatcttg ctcaaggaag gaatgtgaag agtcggaaac ttaaagaaat 5341 atttaacaaa gctttggttg atccaggccc tgattttgtt gtttgtgatg aaggccatat 5401 tctaaaaaat gaagcatctg ctgtttctaa agctatgaat tctatacgat caaggaggag 5461 gattatttta acaggaacac cacttcaaaa taacctaatt gagtatcatt gtatggttaa 5521 ttttatcaag gaaaatttac ttggatccat taaggagttc aggaatagat ttataaatcc
5581 aattcaaaat ggtcagtgtg cagattctac catggtagat gtcagagtga tgaaaaaacg 5641 tgctcacatt ctctatgaga tgttagctgg atgtgttcag aggaaagatt atacagcatt 5701 aacaaaattc ttgcctccaa aacacgaata tgtgttagct gtgagaatga cttctattca 5761 gtgcaagctc tatcagtact acttagatca cttaacaggt gtgggcaata atagtgaagg 5821 tggaagagga aaggcaggtg caaagctttt ccaagatttt cagatgttaa gtagaatatg 5881 gactcatcct tggtgtttgc agctagacta cattagcaaa gaaaataagg gttattttga 5941 tgaagacagt atggatgaat ttatagcctc agattctgat gaaacctcca tgagtttaag 6001 ctccgatgat tatacaaaaa agaagaaaaa agggaaaaag gggaaaaaag atagtagctc 6061 aagtggaagt ggcagtgaca atgatgttga agtgattaag gtctggaatt caagatctcg 6121 gggaggtggt gaaggaaatg tggatgaaac aggaaacaat ccttctgttt ctttaaaact 6181 ggaagaaagt aaagctactt cttcttctaa tccaagcagc ccagctccag actggtacaa 6241 agattttgtt acagatgctg atgctgaggt tttagagcat tctgggaaaa tggtacttct 6301 ctttgaaatt cttcgaatgg cagaggaaat tggggataaa gtccttgttt tcagccagtc 6361 cctcatatct ctggacttga ttgaagattt tcttgaatta gctagtaggg agaagacaga 6421 agataaagat aaacccctta tttataaagg tgaggggaag tggcttcgaa acattgacta 6481 ttaccgttta gatggttcca ctactgcaca gtcaaggaag aagtgggctg aagaatttaa 6541 tgatgaaact aatgtgagag gacgattatt tatcatttct actaaagcag gatctctagg 6601 aattaatctg gtagctgcta atcgagtaat tatattcgac gcttcttgga atccatctta 6661 tgacatccag agtatattca gagtttatcg ctttggacaa actaagcctg tttatgtata 6721 taggttctta gctcagggaa ccatggaaga taagatttat gatcggcaag taactaagca 6781 gtcactgtct tttcgagttg ttgatcagca gcaggtggag cgtcatttta ctatgaatga 6841 gcttactgaa ctttatactt ttgagccaga cttattagat gaccctaatt cagaaaagaa 6901 gaagaagagg gatactccca tgctgccaaa ggataccata cttgcagagc tccttcagat 6961 acataaagaa cacattgtag gataccatga acatgattct cttttggacc acaaagaaga 7021 agaagagttg actgaagaag aaagaaaagc agcttgggct gagtatgaag cagagaagaa 7081 gggactgacc atgcgtttca acataccaac tgggaccaat ttaccccctg tcagtttcaa 7141 ctctcaaact ccttatattc ctttcaattt gggagccctg tcagcaatga gtaatcaaca 7201 gctggaggac ctcattaatc aaggaagaga aaaagttgta gaagcaacaa acagtgtgac 7261 agcagtgagg attcaacctc ttgaggatat aatttcagct gtatggaagg agaacatgaa 7321 tctctcagag gcccaagtac aggcgttagc attaagtaga caagccagcc aggagcttga 7381 tgttaaacga agagaagcaa tctacaatga tgtattgaca aaacaacaga tgttaatcag 7441 ctgtgttcag cgaatactta tgaacagaag gctccagcag cagtacaatc agcagcaaca 7501 gcaacaaatg acttatcaac aagcaacact gggtcacctc atgatgccaa agcccccaaa 7561 tttgatcatg aatccttcta actaccagca gattgatatg agaggaatgt atcagccagt 7621 ggctggtggt atgcagccac caccattaca gcgtgcacca cccccaatga gaagcaaaaa 7681 tccaggacct tcccaaggga aatcaatgtg attttgcact aaaagcttaa tggattgtta 7741 aaatcataga aagatctttt atttttttag gaatcaatga cttaacagaa ctcaactgta 7801 taaatagttt ggtcccctta aatgccaatc ttccatatta gttttacttt tttttttttt 7861 aaatagggca taccatttct tcctgacatt tgtcagtgat gttgcctaga atcttcttac 7921 acacgctgag tacagaagat atttcaaatt gttttcagtg aaaacaagtc cttccataat 7981 agtaacaact ccacagattt cctctctaaa tttttatgcc tgcttttagc aaccataaaa 8041 ttgtcataaa attaataaat ttaggaaaga ataaagattt atatattcat tctttacata 8101 taaaaacaca cagctgagtt cttagagttg attcctcaag ttatgaaata cttttgtact 8161 taatccattt cttgattaaa gtgattgaaa tggttttaat gttcttttga ctgaagtctg 8221 aaactgggct cctgctttat tgtctctgtg actgaaagtt agaaactgag ggttatcttt 8281 gacacagaat tgtgtgcaat attcttaaat actactgctc taaaagttgg agaagtcttg 8341 cagttatctt agcattgtat aaacagcctt aagtatagcc taagaagaga attccttttt 8401 cttctttagt ccttctgcca ttttttattt tcagttatat gtgctgaaat aattactggt 8461 aaaatttcag ggttgtggat tatcttccac acatgaattt tctctctcct ggcacgaata 8521 taaagcacat ctcttaactg catggtgcca gtgctaatgc ttcatcctgt tgctggcagt 8581 gggatgtgga cttagaaaat caagttctag cattttagta ggttaacact gaagttgtgg 8641 ttgttaggtt cacaccctgt tttataaaca acatcaaaat ggcagaacca ttgctgactt 8701 taggttcaca tgaggaatgt acttttaaca attcccagta ctatcagtat tgtgaaataa 8761 ttcctctgaa agataagaat cactggcttc tatgcgcttc ttttctctca tcatcatgtt 8821 cttttacccc agtttcctta cattttttta aattgtttca gagtttgttt tttttttagt 8881 ttagattgtg aggcaattat taaatcaaaa ttaattcatc caatacccct ttactagaag 8941 ttttactaga aaatgtatta cattttattt tttcttaatc cagttctgca aaaatgacct 9001 ataaatttat tcatgtacaa ttttggttac ttgaattgtt aaagaaaaca ttgtttttga 9061 ctatgggagt caactcaaca tggcagaacc atttttgaga tgatgataca acaggtagtg 9121 aaacagctta agaattccaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaagaaaac tgggtttggg 9181 ctttgcttta ggtatcactg gattagaatg agtttaacat tagctaaaac tgctttgagt 9241 tgtttggatg attaagagat tgccattttt atcttggaag aactagtggt aaaacatcca
9301 agagcactag gattgtgata cagaatttgt gaggtttggt ggatccacgc ccctctcccc 9361 cactttccca tgatgaaata tcactaataa atcctgtata tttagatatt atgctagcca 9421 tgtaatcaga tttatttaat tgggtggggc aggtgtgtat ttactttaga aaaaatgaaa 9481 aagacaagat ttatgagaaa tatttgaagg cagtacactc tggccaactg ttaccagttg 9541 gtatttctac aagttcagaa tattttaaac ctgatttact agacctggga attttcaaca 9601 tggtctaatt atttactcaa agacatagat gtgaaaattt taggcaacct tctaaatctt 9661 tttcaccatg gatgaaacta taacttaaag aataatactt agaagggtta attggaaatc 9721 agagtttgaa ataaaacttg gaccactttg tatacactct tctcacttga cattttagct 9781 atataatatg tactttgagt ataacatcaa gctttaacaa atatttaaag acaaaaaaat 9841 cacgtcagta aaatactaaa aggctcattt ttatatttgt tttagatgtt ttaaatagtt 9901 gcaatggatt aaaaatgatg atttaaaatg ttgcttgtaa tacagttttg cctgctaaat 9961 tctccacatt ttgtaacctg ttttatttct ttgggtgtaa agcgtttttg cttagtattg 10021 tgatattgta tatgttttgt cccagttgta tagtaatgtt tcagtccatc atccagcttt 10081 ggctgctgaa atcatacagc tgtgaagact tgcctttgtt tctgttagac tgcttttcag 10141 ttctgtattg agtatcttaa gtactgtaga aaagatgtca cttcttcctt taaggctgtt 10201 ttgtaatata tataaggact ggaattgtgt ttttaaagaa aagcattcaa gtatgacaat 10261 atactatctg tgttttcacc attcaaagtg ctgtttagta gttgaaactt aaactattta 10321 atgtcattta ataaagtgac caaaatgtgt tgtgctcttt attgtatttt cacagctttg 10381 aaaatctgtg cacatactgt ttcatagaaa atgtatagct tttgttgtcc tatataatgg 10441 tggttctttt gcacatttag ttatttaata ttgagaggtc acgaagtttg gttattgaat 10501 ctgttatata ctaaattctg taaagggaga tctctcatct caaaaagaat ttacatacca 10561 ggaagtccat gtgtgtttgt gttagttttg gatgtctttg tgtaatccag ccccatttcc 10621 tgtttcccaa cagctgtaac actcatttta agtcaagcag ggctaccaac ccacacttga 10681 tagaaaagct gcttaccatt cagaagcttc cttattacct ggcctccaaa tgagctgaat 10741 attttgtagc cttcccttag ctatgttcat tttccctcca ttatcataaa atcagatcga 10801 tatttatgtg ccccaaacaa aactttaaga gcagttacat tctgtcccag tagcccttgt 10861 ttcctttgag agtagcatgt tgtgaggcta tagagactta ttctaccagt aaaacaggtc 10921 aatcctttta catgtttatt atactaaaaa ttatgttcag ggtatttact actttatttc 10981 accagactca gtctcaagtg acttggctat ctccaaatca gatctaccct tagagaataa 11041 acatttttct accgttattt tttttcaagt ctataatctg agccagtccc aaaggagtga 11101 tcaagtttca gaaatgcttt catcttcaca acattttata tatactatta tatggggtga 11161 ataaagtttt aaatccgaaa tataaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aa
Homo sapiens alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) isoform 2 (SEQ ID NO: 7)
1 mtaepmsesk lntlvqklhd flahsseese etsspprlam nqntdkisgs gsnsdmmens 61 keegtsssek skssgssrsk rkpsivtkyv esddekpldd etvnedasne nsenditmqs 121 lpkedglhgi vsctacgqqv nhfqkdsiyr hpslqvlick ncfkyymsdd isrdsdgmde 181 qcrwcaeggn liccdfchna fckkcilrnl grkelstimd ennqwycyic hpeplldlvt 241 acnsvfenle qllqqnkkki kvdseksnkv yehtsrfspk ktssncngee kklddscsgs 301 vtysysaliv pkemikkakk liettanmns syvkflkqat dnseis satk lrqlkafksv 361 ladikkahla leedlnsefr amdavnkekn tkehkvidak fetkarkgek pcalekkdis 421 kseaklsrkq vdsehmhqnv pteeqrtnks tggehkksdr keepqyepan tsedldmdiv 481 svps svpedi fenletamev qssvdhqgdg ssgteqeves ssvklnissk dnrggikskt 541 takvtkelyv kltpvslsns pikgadcqev pqdkdgyksc glnpklekcg lgqensdneh 601 lvenevslll eesdlrrspr vkttplrrpt etnpvtsnsd eecnetvkek qklsvpvrkk 661 dkrnssdsai dnpkpnklpk s kqsetvdqn sdsdemlail kevsrmshss s sdtdineih 721 tnhktlydlk tqagkddkgk rkrks stsgs dfdtkkgksa ks siis kkkr qtqsessnyd 781 selekeiksm s kigaarttk kripntkdfd ssedekhskk gmdnqghknl ktsqegssdd 841 aerkqeretf s saegtvdkd ttimelrdrl pkkqqasast dgvdklsgke qsftslevrk 901 vaetkeks kh lktktckkvq dglsdiaekf lkkdqsdets eddkkqskkg teekkkpsdf 961 kkkvikmeqq yesssdgtek lpereeichf pkgikqikng ttdgekkskk irdktskkkd 1021 elsdyaekst gkgdscdsse dkkskngayg rekkrckllg kssrkrqdcs s sdtekysmk 1081 edgcns sdkr lkrielrerr nlsskrntke iqsgssssda eessednkkk kqrtsskkka 1141 vivkekkrns lrtstkrkqa ditsssssdi edddqnsige gs sdeqkikp vtenlvlssh 1201 tgfcqs sgde als ksvpvtv ddddddndpe nriakkmlle eikanlssde dgs sddepee 1261 gkkrtgkqne enpgdeeakn qvnsesdsds eeskkpryrh rllrhkltvs dgesgeekkt 1321 kpkehkevkg rnrrkvs sed sedsdfqesg vseevsesed eqrprtrsak kaeleenqrs 1381 ykqkkkrrri kvqedsssen ksnseeeeee keeeeeeeee eeeeeedend dskspgkgrk 1441 kirkilkddk lrtetqnalk eeeerrkria ererereklr evieiedasp tkcpittklv 1501 ldedeetkep lvqvhrnmvi klkphqvdgv qfmwdccces vkktkkspgs gcilahcmgl
1561 gktlqvvsfl htvllcdkld fstalvvcpl ntalnwmnef ekwqeglkdd eklevselat 1621 vkrpqersym lqrwqedggv miigyemyrn laqgrnvksr klkeifnkal vdpgpdfvvc 1681 deghilknea savskamnsi rsrrriiltg tplqnnliey hcmvnfiken llgsikefrn 1741 rfinpiqngq cadstmvdvr vmkkrahily emlagcvqrk dytaltkflp pkheyvlavr 1801 mtsiqcklyq yyldhltgvg nnseggrgka gaklfqdfqm lsriwthpwc lqldyisken 1861 kgyfdedsmd efiasdsdet smslssddyt kkkkkgkkgk kdssssgsgs dndvevikvw 1921 nsrsrgggeg nvdetgnnps vslkleeska tsssnpsspa pdwykdfvtd adaevlehsg 1981 kmvllfeilr maeeigdkvl vfsqslisld liedflelas rektedkdkp liykgegkwl 2041 rnidyyrldg sttaqsrkkw aeefndetnv rgrlfiistk agslginlva anrviifdas 2101 wnpsydiqsi frvyrfgqtk pvyvyrflaq gtmedkiydr qvtkqslsfr vvdqqqverh 2161 ftmneltely tfepdllddp nsekkkkrdt pmlpkdtila ellqihkehi vgyhehdsll 2221 dhkeeeelte eerkaawaey eaekkgltmr fniptgtnlp pvsfnsqtpy ipfnlgalsa 2281 msnqqledli nqgrekvvea tnsvtavriq plediisavw kenmnlseaq vqalalsrqa 2341 sqeldvkrre aiyndvltkq qmliscvqri lmnrrlqqqy nqqqqqqmty qqatlghlmm 2401 pkppnlimnp snyqqidmrg myqpvaggmq ppplqrappp mrsknpgpsq gksm
Homo sapiens alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), transcript variant 2, mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 8)
1 aattctcctg cctgagcctc ggcccaacaa aatggcggcg gcagcggtgt cgctttgttt 61 ccgcggctcc tgcggcggtg gcagtggtag cggcctttga gctgtgggga ggttccagca 121 gcagctacag tgacgactaa gactccagtg catttctatc gtaaccgggc gcgggggagc 181 gcagatcggc gcccagcaat cacagaagcc gacaaggcgt tcaagcgaaa acatgaccgc 241 tgagcccatg agtgaaagca agttgaatac attggtgcag aagcttcatg acttccttgc 301 acactcatca gaagaatctg aagaaacaag ttctcctcca cgacttgcaa tgaatcaaaa 361 cacagataaa atcagtggtt ctggaagtaa ctctgatatg atggaaaaca gcaaggaaga 421 gggaactagc tcttcagaaa aatccaagtc ttcaggatcg tcacgatcaa agaggaaacc 481 ttcaattgta acaaagtatg tagaatcaga tgatgaaaaa cctttggatg atgaaactgt 541 aaatgaagat gcgtctaatg aaaattcaga aaatgatatt actatgcaga gcttgccaaa 601 agaagatggg cttcatggga ttgtgagctg cactgcttgt ggacaacagg tcaatcattt 661 tcaaaaagat tccatttata gacacccttc attgcaagtt cttatttgta agaattgctt 721 taagtattac atgagtgatg atattagccg tgactcagat ggaatggatg aacaatgtag 781 gtggtgtgcg gaaggtggaa acttgatttg ttgtgacttt tgccataatg ctttctgcaa 841 gaaatgcatt ctacgcaacc ttggtcgaaa ggagttgtcc acaataatgg atgaaaacaa 901 ccaatggtat tgctacattt gtcacccaga gcctttgttg gacttggtca ctgcatgtaa 961 cagcgtattt gagaatttag aacagttgtt gcagcaaaat aagaagaaga taaaagttga 1021 cagtgaaaag agtaataaag tatatgaaca tacatccaga ttttctccaa agaagactag 1081 ttcaaattgt aatggagaag aaaagaaatt agatgattcc tgttctggct ctgtaaccta 1141 ctcttattcc gcactaattg tgcccaaaga gatgattaag aaggcaaaaa aactgattga 1201 gaccacagcc aacatgaact ccagttatgt taaattttta aagcaggcaa cagataattc 1261 agaaatcagt tctgctacaa aattacgtca gcttaaggct tttaagtctg tgttggctga 1321 tattaagaag gctcatcttg cattggaaga agacttaaat tccgagtttc gagcgatgga 1381 tgctgtaaac aaagagaaaa ataccaaaga gcataaagtc atagatgcta agtttgaaac 1441 aaaagcacga aaaggagaaa aaccttgtgc tttggaaaag aaggatattt caaagtcaga 1501 agctaaactt tcaagaaaac aggtagatag tgagcacatg catcagaatg ttccaacaga 1561 ggaacaaaga acaaataaaa gtaccggtgg tgaacataag aaatctgata gaaaagaaga 1621 acctcaatat gaacctgcca acacttctga agatttagac atggatattg tgtctgttcc 1681 ttcctcagtt ccagaagaca tttttgagaa tcttgagact gctatggaag ttcagagttc 1741 agttgatcat caaggggatg gcagcagtgg aactgaacaa gaagtggaga gttcatctgt 1801 aaaattaaat atttcttcaa aagacaacag aggaggtatt aaatcaaaaa ctacagctaa 1861 agtaacaaaa gaattatatg ttaaactcac tcctgtttcc ctttctaatt ccccaattaa 1921 aggtgctgat tgtcaggaag ttccacaaga taaagatggc tataaaagtt gtggtctgaa 1981 ccccaagtta gagaaatgtg gacttggaca ggaaaacagt gataatgagc atttggttga 2041 aaatgaagtt tcattacttt tagaggaatc tgatcttcga agatccccac gtgtaaagac 2101 tacacccttg aggcgaccga cagaaactaa ccctgtaaca tctaattcag atgaagaatg 2161 taatgaaaca gttaaggaga aacaaaaact atcagttcca gtgagaaaaa aggataagcg 2221 taattcttct gacagtgcta tagataatcc taagcctaat aaattgccaa aatctaagca 2281 atcagagact gtggatcaaa attcagattc tgatgaaatg ctagcaatcc tcaaagaggt 2341 gagcaggatg agtcacagtt cttcttcaga tactgatatt aatgaaattc atacaaacca 2401 taagactttg tatgatttaa agactcaggc ggggaaagat gataaaggaa aaaggaaacg 2461 aaaaagttct acatctggct cagattttga tactaaaaag ggcaaatcag ctaagagctc
2521 tataatttct aaaaagaaac gacaaaccca gtctgagtct tctaattatg actcagaatt
2581 agaaaaagag ataaagagca tgagtaaaat tggtgctgcc agaaccacca aaaaaagaat
2641 tccaaataca aaagattttg actcttctga agatgagaaa cacagcaaaa aaggaatgga
2701 taatcaaggg cacaaaaatt tgaagacctc acaagaagga tcatctgatg atgctgaaag
2761 aaaacaagag agagagactt tctcttcagc agaaggcaca gttgataaag acacgaccat
2821 catggaatta agagatcgac ttcctaagaa gcagcaagca agtgcttcca ctgatggtgt
2881 cgataagctt tctgggaaag agcagagttt tacttctttg gaagttagaa aagttgctga
2941 aactaaagaa aagagcaagc atctcaaaac caaaacatgt aaaaaagtac aggatggctt
3001 atctgatatt gcagagaaat tcctaaagaa agaccagagc gatgaaactt ctgaagatga
3061 taaaaagcag agcaaaaagg gaactgaaga aaaaaagaaa ccttcagact ttaagaaaaa
3121 agtaattaaa atggaacaac agtatgaatc ttcatctgat ggcactgaaa agttacctga
3181 gcgagaagaa atttgtcatt ttcctaaggg cataaaacaa attaagaatg gaacaactga
3241 tggagaaaag aaaagtaaaa aaataagaga taaaacttct aaaaagaagg atgaattatc
3301 tgattatgct gagaagtcaa cagggaaagg agatagttgt gactcttcag aggataaaaa
3361 gagtaagaat ggagcatatg gtagagagaa gaaaaggtgc aagttgcttg gaaagagttc
3421 aaggaagaga caagattgtt catcatctga tactgagaaa tattccatga aagaagatgg
3481 ttgtaactct tctgataaga gactgaaaag aatagaattg agggaaagaa gaaatttaag
3541 ttcaaagaga aatactaagg aaatacaaag tggctcatca tcatctgatg ctgaggaaag
3601 ttctgaagat aataaaaaga agaagcaaag aacttcatct aaaaagaagg cagtcattgt
3661 caaggagaaa aagagaaact ccctaagaac aagcactaaa aggaagcaag ctgacattac
3721 atcctcatct tcttctgata tagaagatga tgatcagaat tctataggtg agggaagcag
3781 cgatgaacag aaaattaagc ctgtgactga aaatttagtg ctgtcttcac atactggatt
3841 ttgccaatct tcaggagatg aagccttatc taaatcagtg cctgtcacag tggatgatga
3901 tgatgacgac aatgatcctg agaatagaat tgccaagaag atgcttttag aagaaattaa
3961 agccaatctt tcctctgatg aggatggatc ttcagatgat gagccagaag aagggaaaaa
4021 aagaactgga aaacaaaatg aagaaaaccc aggagatgag gaagcaaaaa atcaagtcaa
4081 ttctgaatca gattcagatt ctgaagaatc taagaagcca agatacagac ataggctttt
4141 gcggcacaaa ttgactgtga gtgacggaga atctggagaa gaaaaaaaga caaagcctaa
4201 agagcataaa gaagtcaaag gcagaaacag aagaaaggtg agcagtgaag attcagaaga
4261 ttctgatttt caggaatcag gagttagtga agaagttagt gaatccgaag atgaacagcg
4321 gcccagaaca aggtctgcaa agaaagcaga gttggaagaa aatcagcgga gctataaaca
4381 gaaaaagaaa aggcgacgta ttaaggttca agaagattca tccagtgaaa acaagagtaa
4441 ttctgaggaa gaagaggagg aaaaagaaga ggaggaggaa gaggaggagg aggaggaaga
4501 ggaggaggaa gatgaaaatg atgattccaa gtctcctgga aaaggcagaa agaaaattcg
4561 gaagattctt aaagatgata aactgagaac agaaacacaa aatgctctta aggaagagga
4621 agagagacga aaacgtattg ctgagaggga gcgtgagcga gaaaaattga gagaggtgat
4681 agaaattgaa gatgcttcac ccaccaagtg tccaataaca accaagttgg ttttagatga
4741 agatgaagaa accaaagaac ctttagtgca ggttcataga aatatggtta tcaaattgaa
4801 accccatcaa gtagatggtg ttcagtttat gtgggattgc tgctgtgagt ctgtgaaaaa
4861 aacaaagaaa tctccaggtt caggatgcat tcttgcccac tgtatgggcc ttggtaagac
4921 tttacaggtg gtaagttttc ttcatacagt tcttttgtgt gacaaactgg atttcagcac
4981 ggcgttagtg gtttgtcctc ttaatactgc tttgaattgg atgaatgaat ttgagaagtg
5041 gcaagaggga ttaaaagatg atgagaagct tgaggtttct gaattagcaa ctgtgaaacg
5101 tcctcaggag agaagctaca tgctgcagag gtggcaagaa gatggtggtg ttatgatcat
5161 aggctatgag atgtatagaa atcttgctca aggaaggaat gtgaagagtc ggaaacttaa
5221 agaaatattt aacaaagctt tggttgatcc aggccctgat tttgttgttt gtgatgaagg
5281 ccatattcta aaaaatgaag catctgctgt ttctaaagct atgaattcta tacgatcaag
5341 gaggaggatt attttaacag gaacaccact tcaaaataac ctaattgagt atcattgtat
5401 ggttaatttt atcaaggaaa atttacttgg atccattaag gagttcagga atagatttat
5461 aaatccaatt caaaatggtc agtgtgcaga ttctaccatg gtagatgtca gagtgatgaa
5521 aaaacgtgct cacattctct atgagatgtt agctggatgt gttcagagga aagattatac
5581 agcattaaca aaattcttgc ctccaaaaca cgaatatgtg ttagctgtga gaatgacttc
5641 tattcagtgc aagctctatc agtactactt agatcactta acaggtgtgg gcaataatag
5701 tgaaggtgga agaggaaagg caggtgcaaa gcttttccaa gattttcaga tgttaagtag
5761 aatatggact catccttggt gtttgcagct agactacatt agcaaagaaa ataagggtta
5821 ttttgatgaa gacagtatgg atgaatttat agcctcagat tctgatgaaa cctccatgag
5881 tttaagctcc gatgattata caaaaaagaa gaaaaaaggg aaaaagggga aaaaagatag
5941 tagctcaagt ggaagtggca gtgacaatga tgttgaagtg attaaggtct ggaattcaag
6001 atctcgggga ggtggtgaag gaaatgtgga tgaaacagga aacaatcctt ctgtttcttt
6061 aaaactggaa gaaagtaaag ctacttcttc ttctaatcca agcagcccag ctccagactg
6121 gtacaaagat tttgttacag atgctgatgc tgaggtttta gagcattctg ggaaaatggt
6181 acttctcttt gaaattcttc gaatggcaga ggaaattggg gataaagtcc ttgttttcag
6241 ccagtccctc atatctctgg acttgattga agattttctt gaattagcta gtagggagaa 6301 gacagaagat aaagataaac cccttattta taaaggtgag gggaagtggc ttcgaaacat 6361 tgactattac cgtttagatg gttccactac tgcacagtca aggaagaagt gggctgaaga 6421 atttaatgat gaaactaatg tgagaggacg attatttatc atttctacta aagcaggatc 6481 tctaggaatt aatctggtag ctgctaatcg agtaattata ttcgacgctt cttggaatcc 6541 atcttatgac atccagagta tattcagagt ttatcgcttt ggacaaacta agcctgttta 6601 tgtatatagg ttcttagctc agggaaccat ggaagataag atttatgatc ggcaagtaac 6661 taagcagtca ctgtcttttc gagttgttga tcagcagcag gtggagcgtc attttactat 6721 gaatgagctt actgaacttt atacttttga gccagactta ttagatgacc ctaattcaga 6781 aaagaagaag aagagggata ctcccatgct gccaaaggat accatacttg cagagctcct 6841 tcagatacat aaagaacaca ttgtaggata ccatgaacat gattctcttt tggaccacaa 6901 agaagaagaa gagttgactg aagaagaaag aaaagcagct tgggctgagt atgaagcaga 6961 gaagaaggga ctgaccatgc gtttcaacat accaactggg accaatttac cccctgtcag 7021 tttcaactct caaactcctt atattccttt caatttggga gccctgtcag caatgagtaa 7081 tcaacagctg gaggacctca ttaatcaagg aagagaaaaa gttgtagaag caacaaacag 7141 tgtgacagca gtgaggattc aacctcttga ggatataatt tcagctgtat ggaaggagaa 7201 catgaatctc tcagaggccc aagtacaggc gttagcatta agtagacaag ccagccagga 7261 gcttgatgtt aaacgaagag aagcaatcta caatgatgta ttgacaaaac aacagatgtt 7321 aatcagctgt gttcagcgaa tacttatgaa cagaaggctc cagcagcagt acaatcagca 7381 gcaacagcaa caaatgactt atcaacaagc aacactgggt cacctcatga tgccaaagcc 7441 cccaaatttg atcatgaatc cttctaacta ccagcagatt gatatgagag gaatgtatca 7501 gccagtggct ggtggtatgc agccaccacc attacagcgt gcaccacccc caatgagaag 7561 caaaaatcca ggaccttccc aagggaaatc aatgtgattt tgcactaaaa gcttaatgga 7621 ttgttaaaat catagaaaga tcttttattt ttttaggaat caatgactta acagaactca 7681 actgtataaa tagtttggtc cccttaaatg ccaatcttcc atattagttt tacttttttt 7741 ttttttaaat agggcatacc atttcttcct gacatttgtc agtgatgttg cctagaatct 7801 tcttacacac gctgagtaca gaagatattt caaattgttt tcagtgaaaa caagtccttc 7861 cataatagta acaactccac agatttcctc tctaaatttt tatgcctgct tttagcaacc 7921 ataaaattgt cataaaatta ataaatttag gaaagaataa agatttatat attcattctt 7981 tacatataaa aacacacagc tgagttctta gagttgattc ctcaagttat gaaatacttt 8041 tgtacttaat ccatttcttg attaaagtga ttgaaatggt tttaatgttc ttttgactga 8101 agtctgaaac tgggctcctg ctttattgtc tctgtgactg aaagttagaa actgagggtt 8161 atctttgaca cagaattgtg tgcaatattc ttaaatacta ctgctctaaa agttggagaa 8221 gtcttgcagt tatcttagca ttgtataaac agccttaagt atagcctaag aagagaattc 8281 ctttttcttc tttagtcctt ctgccatttt ttattttcag ttatatgtgc tgaaataatt 8341 actggtaaaa tttcagggtt gtggattatc ttccacacat gaattttctc tctcctggca 8401 cgaatataaa gcacatctct taactgcatg gtgccagtgc taatgcttca tcctgttgct 8461 ggcagtggga tgtggactta gaaaatcaag ttctagcatt ttagtaggtt aacactgaag 8521 ttgtggttgt taggttcaca ccctgtttta taaacaacat caaaatggca gaaccattgc 8581 tgactttagg ttcacatgag gaatgtactt ttaacaattc ccagtactat cagtattgtg 8641 aaataattcc tctgaaagat aagaatcact ggcttctatg cgcttctttt ctctcatcat 8701 catgttcttt taccccagtt tccttacatt tttttaaatt gtttcagagt ttgttttttt 8761 tttagtttag attgtgaggc aattattaaa tcaaaattaa ttcatccaat acccctttac 8821 tagaagtttt actagaaaat gtattacatt ttattttttc ttaatccagt tctgcaaaaa 8881 tgacctataa atttattcat gtacaatttt ggttacttga attgttaaag aaaacattgt 8941 ttttgactat gggagtcaac tcaacatggc agaaccattt ttgagatgat gatacaacag 9001 gtagtgaaac agcttaagaa ttccaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa gaaaactggg 9061 tttgggcttt gctttaggta tcactggatt agaatgagtt taacattagc taaaactgct 9121 ttgagttgtt tggatgatta agagattgcc atttttatct tggaagaact agtggtaaaa 9181 catccaagag cactaggatt gtgatacaga atttgtgagg tttggtggat ccacgcccct 9241 ctcccccact ttcccatgat gaaatatcac taataaatcc tgtatattta gatattatgc 9301 tagccatgta atcagattta tttaattggg tggggcaggt gtgtatttac tttagaaaaa 9361 atgaaaaaga caagatttat gagaaatatt tgaaggcagt acactctggc caactgttac 9421 cagttggtat ttctacaagt tcagaatatt ttaaacctga tttactagac ctgggaattt 9481 tcaacatggt ctaattattt actcaaagac atagatgtga aaattttagg caaccttcta 9541 aatctttttc accatggatg aaactataac ttaaagaata atacttagaa gggttaattg 9601 gaaatcagag tttgaaataa aacttggacc actttgtata cactcttctc acttgacatt 9661 ttagctatat aatatgtact ttgagtataa catcaagctt taacaaatat ttaaagacaa 9721 aaaaatcacg tcagtaaaat actaaaaggc tcatttttat atttgtttta gatgttttaa 9781 atagttgcaa tggattaaaa atgatgattt aaaatgttgc ttgtaataca gttttgcctg 9841 ctaaattctc cacattttgt aacctgtttt atttctttgg gtgtaaagcg tttttgctta 9901 gtattgtgat attgtatatg ttttgtccca gttgtatagt aatgtttcag tccatcatcc
9961 agctttggct gctgaaatca tacagctgtg aagacttgcc tttgtttctg ttagactgct
10021 tttcagttct gtattgagta tcttaagtac tgtagaaaag atgtcacttc ttcctttaag
10081 gctgttttgt aatatatata aggactggaa ttgtgttttt aaagaaaagc attcaagtat
10141 gacaatatac tatctgtgtt ttcaccattc aaagtgctgt ttagtagttg aaacttaaac
10201 tatttaatgt catttaataa agtgaccaaa atgtgttgtg ctctttattg tattttcaca
10261 gctttgaaaa tctgtgcaca tactgtttca tagaaaatgt atagcttttg ttgtcctata
10321 taatggtggt tcttttgcac atttagttat ttaatattga gaggtcacga agtttggtta
10381 ttgaatctgt tatatactaa attctgtaaa gggagatctc tcatctcaaa aagaatttac
10441 ataccaggaa gtccatgtgt gtttgtgtta gttttggatg tctttgtgta atccagcccc
10501 atttcctgtt tcccaacagc tgtaacactc attttaagtc aagcagggct accaacccac
10561 acttgataga aaagctgctt accattcaga agcttcctta ttacctggcc tccaaatgag
10621 ctgaatattt tgtagccttc ccttagctat gttcattttc cctccattat cataaaatca
10681 gatcgatatt tatgtgcccc aaacaaaact ttaagagcag ttacattctg tcccagtagc
10741 ccttgtttcc tttgagagta gcatgttgtg aggctataga gacttattct accagtaaaa
10801 caggtcaatc cttttacatg tttattatac taaaaattat gttcagggta tttactactt
10861 tatttcacca gactcagtct caagtgactt ggctatctcc aaatcagatc tacccttaga
10921 gaataaacat ttttctaccg ttattttttt tcaagtctat aatctgagcc agtcccaaag
10981 gagtgatcaa gtttcagaaa tgctttcatc ttcacaacat tttatatata ctattatatg 11041 gggtgaataa agttttaaat ccgaaatata aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaa
[099] A subject in need thereof may have reduced expression, haploinsufficiency, and/or loss of function of ARID 1 A. For example, a subject may comprise a mutation selected from the group consisting of a nonsense mutation for the wild type residue cysteine (C) at amino acid position 884 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (C884*), a substitution of lysine (K) for the wild type residue glutamic acid (E) at amino acid position 966 (E966K), a nonsense mutation for the wild type residue glutamine (Q) at amino acid position 1411 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (Q1411 *), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue phenylalanine (F) at amino acid position 1720 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (F1720fs), a frame shift mutation after the wild type residue glycine (G) at amino acid position 1847 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (G1847fs), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue cysteine (C) at amino acid position 1874 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (CI 874fs), a substitution of glutamic acid (E) for the wild type residue aspartic acid (D) at amino acid position 1957 (D1957E), a nonsense mutation for the wild type residue glutamine (Q) at amino acid position 1430 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (Q1430*), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue arginine (R) at amino acid position 1721 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (R1721fs), a substitution of glutamic acid (E) for the wild type residue glycine (G) at amino acid position 1255 (G1255E), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue glycine (G) at amino acid position 284 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (G284fs), a nonsense mutation for the wild type residue arginine (R) at amino acid position 1722 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (R1722*), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue methionine (M) at amino acid position 274 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (M274fs), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue glycine (G) at amino acid position 1847 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (G1847fs), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue P at amino acid position 559 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (P559fs), a nonsense mutation for the wild type residue arginine (R) at amino acid position
(Q) at amino acid position 2176 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (Q2176fs), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue histidine (H) at amino acid position 203 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (H203fs), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue alanine (A) at amino acid position 591 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (A591fs), a nonsense mutation for the wild type residue glutamine (Q) at amino acid position 1322 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (Q1322*), a nonsense mutation for the wild type residue serine (S) at amino acid position 2264 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (S2264*), a nonsense mutation for the wild type residue glutamine (Q) at amino acid position 586 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (Q586*), a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue glutamine (Q) at amino acid position 548 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (Q548fs), and a frame shift mutation at the wild type residue asparagine (N) at amino acid position 756 of SEQ ID NO: 11 (N756fs). "*" used herein refers to a stop codon. "fs" used herein refers to a frame shift.
AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARIDIA) isoform a [Homo sapiens] (SEQ ID NO: 9)
1 maaqvapaaa s slgnppppp pselkkaeqq qreeaggeaa aaaaaergem kaaagqeseg 61 pavgppqplg kelqdgaesn gggggggags gggpgaepdl knsngnagpr palnnnltep 121 pggggggs sd gvgapphsaa aalpppaygf gqpygrspsa vaaaaaavfh qqhggqqspg 181 laalqsgggg glepyagpqq nshdhgfpnh qynsyypnrs aypppapaya lssprggtpg 241 sgaaaaagsk pppsssasas s ss ss faqqr fgamggggps aagggtpqpt atptlnqllt 301 spssargyqg ypggdysggp qdggagkgpa dmasqcwgaa aaaaaaaaas ggaqqrshha 361 pmspgs sggg gqplartpqp s spmdqmgkm rpqpyggtnp ysqqqgppsg pqqghgypgq 421 pygsqtpqry pmtmqgraqs amgglsytqq ippygqqgps gygqqgqtpy ynqqsphpqq 481 qqppysqqpp sqtphaqpsy qqqpqsqppq lqssqppysq qpsqpphqqs papypsqqst 541 tqqhpqsqpp ysqpqaqspy qqqqpqqpap stlsqqaayp qpqsqqsqqt aysqqrfppp 601 qelsqdsfgs qas sapsmts s kggqedmnl slqsrpsslp dlsgsiddlp mgtegalspg 661 vstsgisssq geqsnpaqsp fsphtsphlp girgpspspv gspasvaqsr sgplspaavp 721 gnqmpprpps gqsdsimhps mnqssiaqdr gymqrnpqmp qysspqpgsa lsprqpsggq 781 ihtgmgsyqq nsmgsygpqg gqygpqggyp rqpnynalpn anypsagmag ginpmgaggq 841 mhgqpgippy gtlppgrmsh asmgnrpygp nmanmppqvg sgmcpppggm nrktqetava 901 mhvaansiqn rppgypnmnq ggmmgtgppy gqginsmagm inpqgppysm ggtmannsag 961 maaspemmgl gdvkltpatk mnnkadgtpk teskskksss stttnekitk lyelggeper 1021 kmwvdrylaf teekamgmtn lpavgrkpld lyrlyvsvke iggltqvnkn kkwrelatnl 1081 nvgtsssaas slkkqyiqcl yafeckierg edpppdifaa adskksqpki qppspagsgs 1141 mqgpqtpqst sssmaeggdl kpptpastph sqipplpgms rsnsvgiqda fndgsdstfq 1201 krnsmtpnpg yqpsmntsdm mgrmsyepnk dpygsmrkap gsdpfmssgq gpnggmgdpy 1261 sraagpglgn vamgprqhyp yggpydrvrt epgigpegnm stgapqpnlm psnpdsgmys 1321 psryppqqqq qqqqrhdsyg nqfstqgtps gspfpsqqtt myqqqqqnyk rpmdgtygpp 1381 akrhegemys vpystgqgqp qqqqlppaqp qpasqqqaaq pspqqdvynq ygnaypatat 1441 aaterrpagg pqnqfpfqfg rdrvsappgt naqqnmppqm mggpiqasae vaqqgtmwqg 1501 rndmtynyan rqstgsapqg payhgvnrtd emlhtdqran hegswpshgt rqppygpsap 1561 vppmtrppps nyqpppsmqn hipqvsspap lprpmenrts pskspflhsg mkmqkagppv 1621 pashiapapv qppmirrdit fppgsveatq pvlkqrrrlt mkdigtpeaw rvmmslksgl 1681 laestwaldt inillyddns imtfnlsqlp gllellveyf rrclieifgi lkeyevgdpg 1741 qrtlldpgrf skvsspapme ggeeeeellg pkleeeeeee vvendeeiaf sgkdkpasen 1801 seekliskfd klpvkivqkn dpfvvdcsdk lgrvqefdsg llhwrigggd ttehiqthfe 1861 sktellpsrp hapcppaprk hvttaegtpg ttdqegpppd gppekritat mddmlstrss 1921 tltedgakss eaikesskfp fgispaqshr nikiledeph skdetplctl ldwqdslakr 1981 cvcvsntirs lsfvpgndfe mskhpgllli lgklillhhk hperkqaplt yekeeeqdqg 2041 vs cnkvewww dclemlrent lvtlanisgq ldlspypesi clpvldgllh wavcpsaeaq 2101 dpfstlgpna vlspqrlvle tlsklsiqdn nvdlilatpp fsrleklyst mvrflsdrkn 2161 pvcremavvl lanlaqgdsl aaraiavqkg signllgfle dslaatqfqq sqasllhmqn 2221 ppfeptsvdm mrraaralla lakvdenhse ftlyes rlld isvsplmnsl vsqvicdvlf
Homo sapiens AT rich interactive domain 1A (SWI like) (ARID 1 A), transcript variant 1, mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 10)
1 cagaaagcgg agagtcacag cggggccagg ccctggggag cggagcctcc accgcccccc 61 tcattcccag gcaagggctt ggggggaatg agccgggaga gccgggtccc gagcctacag 121 agccgggagc agctgagccg ccggcgcctc ggccgccgcc gccgcctcct cctcctccgc 181 cgccgccagc ccggagcctg agccggcggg gcggggggga gaggagcgag cgcagcgcag 241 cagcggagcc ccgcgaggcc cgcccgggcg ggtggggagg gcagcccggg ggactgggcc 301 ccggggcggg gtgggagggg gggagaagac gaagacaggg ccgggtctct ccgcggacga 361 gacagcgggg atcatggccg cgcaggtcgc ccccgccgcc gccagcagcc tgggcaaccc 421 gccgccgccg ccgccctcgg agctgaagaa agccgagcag cagcagcggg aggaggcggg 481 gggcgaggcg gcggcggcgg cagcggccga gcgcggggaa atgaaggcag ccgccgggca 541 ggaaagcgag ggccccgccg tggggccgcc gcagccgctg ggaaaggagc tgcaggacgg 601 ggccgagagc aatgggggtg gcggcggcgg cggagccggc agcggcggcg ggcccggcgc 661 ggagccggac ctgaagaact cgaacgggaa cgcgggccct aggcccgccc tgaacaataa 721 cctcacggag ccgcccggcg gcggcggtgg cggcagcagc gatggggtgg gggcgcctcc 781 tcactcagcc gcggccgcct tgccgccccc agcctacggc ttcgggcaac cctacggccg 841 gagcccgtct gccgtcgccg ccgccgcggc cgccgtcttc caccaacaac atggcggaca 901 acaaagccct ggcctggcag cgctgcagag cggcggcggc gggggcctgg agccctacgc 961 ggggccccag cagaactctc acgaccacgg cttccccaac caccagtaca actcctacta 1021 ccccaaccgc agcgcctacc ccccgcccgc cccggcctac gcgctgagct ccccgagagg 1081 tggcactccg ggctccggcg cggcggcggc tgccggctcc aagccgcctc cctcctccag 1141 cgcctccgcc tcctcgtcgt cttcgtcctt cgctcagcag cgcttcgggg ccatgggggg 1201 aggcggcccc tccgcggccg gcgggggaac tccccagccc accgccaccc ccaccctcaa 1261 ccaactgctc acgtcgccca gctcggcccg gggctaccag ggctaccccg ggggcgacta 1321 cagtggcggg ccccaggacg ggggcgccgg caagggcccg gcggacatgg cctcgcagtg 1381 ttggggggct gcggcggcgg cagctgcggc ggcggccgcc tcgggagggg cccaacaaag 1441 gagccaccac gcgcccatga gccccgggag cagcggcggc ggggggcagc cgctcgcccg 1501 gacccctcag ccatccagtc caatggatca gatgggcaag atgagacctc agccatatgg 1561 cgggactaac ccatactcgc agcaacaggg acctccgtca ggaccgcagc aaggacatgg 1621 gtacccaggg cagccatacg ggtcccagac cccgcagcgg tacccgatga ccatgcaggg 1681 ccgggcgcag agtgccatgg gcggcctctc ttatacacag cagattcctc cttatggaca 1741 acaaggcccc agcgggtatg gtcaacaggg ccagactcca tattacaacc agcaaagtcc 1801 tcaccctcag cagcagcagc caccctactc ccagcaacca ccgtcccaga cccctcatgc 1861 ccaaccttcg tatcagcagc agccacagtc tcaaccacca cagctccagt cctctcagcc 1921 tccatactcc cagcagccat cccagcctcc acatcagcag tccccggctc catacccctc 1981 ccagcagtcg acgacacagc agcaccccca gagccagccc ccctactcac agccacaggc 2041 tcagtctcct taccagcagc agcaacctca gcagccagca ccctcgacgc tctcccagca 2101 ggctgcgtat cctcagcccc agtctcagca gtcccagcaa actgcctatt cccagcagcg 2161 cttccctcca ccgcaggagc tatctcaaga ttcatttggg tctcaggcat cctcagcccc 2221 ctcaatgacc tccagtaagg gagggcaaga agatatgaac ctgagccttc agtcaagacc 2281 ctccagcttg cctgatctat ctggttcaat agatgacctc cccatgggga cagaaggagc 2341 tctgagtcct ggagtgagca catcagggat ttccagcagc caaggagagc agagtaatcc 2401 agctcagtct cctttctctc ctcatacctc ccctcacctg cctggcatcc gaggcccttc 2461 cccgtcccct gttggctctc ccgccagtgt tgctcagtct cgctcaggac cactctcgcc 2521 tgctgcagtg ccaggcaacc agatgccacc tcggccaccc agtggccagt cggacagcat 2581 catgcatcct tccatgaacc aatcaagcat tgcccaagat cgaggttata tgcagaggaa 2641 cccccagatg ccccagtaca gttcccccca gcccggctca gccttatctc cgcgtcagcc 2701 ttccggagga cagatacaca caggcatggg ctcctaccag cagaactcca tggggagcta 2761 tggtccccag gggggtcagt atggcccaca aggtggctac cccaggcagc caaactataa 2821 tgccttgccc aatgccaact accccagtgc aggcatggct ggaggcataa accccatggg 2881 tgccggaggt caaatgcatg gacagcctgg catcccacct tatggcacac tccctccagg 2941 gaggatgagt cacgcctcca tgggcaaccg gccttatggc cctaacatgg ccaatatgcc 3001 acctcaggtt gggtcaggga tgtgtccccc accagggggc atgaaccgga aaacccaaga 3061 aactgctgtc gccatgcatg ttgctgccaa ctctatccaa aacaggccgc caggctaccc 3121 caatatgaat caagggggca tgatgggaac tggacctcct tatggacaag ggattaatag 3181 tatggctggc atgatcaacc ctcagggacc cccatattcc atgggtggaa ccatggccaa 3241 caattctgca gggatggcag ccagcccaga gatgatgggc cttggggatg taaagttaac 3301 tccagccacc aaaatgaaca acaaggcaga tgggacaccc aagacagaat ccaaatccaa
3361 gaaatccagt tcttctacta caaccaatga gaagatcacc aagttgtatg agctgggtgg 3421 tgagcctgag aggaagatgt gggtggaccg ttatctggcc ttcactgagg agaaggccat 3481 gggcatgaca aatctgcctg ctgtgggtag gaaacctctg gacctctatc gcctctatgt 3541 gtctgtgaag gagattggtg gattgactca ggtcaacaag aacaaaaaat ggcgggaact 3601 tgcaaccaac ctcaatgtgg gcacatcaag cagtgctgcc agctccttga aaaagcagta 3661 tatccagtgt ctctatgcct ttgaatgcaa gattgaacgg ggagaagacc ctcccccaga 3721 catctttgca gctgctgatt ccaagaagtc ccagcccaag atccagcctc cctctcctgc 3781 gggatcagga tctatgcagg ggccccagac tccccagtca accagcagtt ccatggcaga 3841 aggaggagac ttaaagccac caactccagc atccacacca cacagtcaga tccccccatt 3901 gccaggcatg agcaggagca attcagttgg gatccaggat gcctttaatg atggaagtga 3961 ctccacattc cagaagcgga attccatgac tccaaaccct gggtatcagc ccagtatgaa 4021 tacctctgac atgatggggc gcatgtccta tgagccaaat aaggatcctt atggcagcat 4081 gaggaaagct ccagggagtg atcccttcat gtcctcaggg cagggcccca acggcgggat 4141 gggtgacccc tacagtcgtg ctgccggccc tgggctagga aatgtggcga tgggaccacg 4201 acagcactat ccctatggag gtccttatga cagagtgagg acggagcctg gaatagggcc 4261 tgagggaaac atgagcactg gggccccaca gccgaatctc atgccttcca acccagactc 4321 ggggatgtat tctcctagcc gctacccccc gcagcagcag cagcagcagc agcaacgaca 4381 tgattcctat ggcaatcagt tctccaccca aggcacccct tctggcagcc ccttccccag 4441 ccagcagact acaatgtatc aacagcaaca gcagaattac aagcggccaa tggatggcac 4501 atatggccct cctgccaagc ggcacgaagg ggagatgtac agcgtgccat acagcactgg 4561 gcaggggcag cctcagcagc agcagttgcc cccagcccag ccccagcctg ccagccagca 4621 acaagctgcc cagccttccc ctcagcaaga tgtatacaac cagtatggca atgcctatcc 4681 tgccactgcc acagctgcta ctgagcgccg accagcaggc ggcccccaga accaatttcc 4741 attccagttt ggccgagacc gtgtctctgc accccctggc accaatgccc agcaaaacat 4801 gccaccacaa atgatgggcg gccccataca ggcatcagct gaggttgctc agcaaggcac 4861 catgtggcag gggcgtaatg acatgaccta taattatgcc aacaggcaga gcacgggctc 4921 tgccccccag ggccccgcct atcatggcgt gaaccgaaca gatgaaatgc tgcacacaga 4981 tcagagggcc aaccacgaag gctcgtggcc ttcccatggc acacgccagc ccccatatgg 5041 tccctctgcc cctgtgcccc ccatgacaag gccccctcca tctaactacc agcccccacc 5101 aagcatgcag aatcacattc ctcaggtatc cagccctgct cccctgcccc ggccaatgga 5161 gaaccgcacc tctcctagca agtctccatt cctgcactct gggatgaaaa tgcagaaggc 5221 aggtccccca gtacctgcct cgcacatagc acctgcccct gtgcagcccc ccatgattcg 5281 gcgggatatc accttcccac ctggctctgt tgaagccaca cagcctgtgt tgaagcagag 5341 gaggcggctc acaatgaaag acattggaac cccggaggca tggcgggtaa tgatgtccct 5401 caagtctggt ctcctggcag agagcacatg ggcattagat accatcaaca tcctgctgta 5461 tgatgacaac agcatcatga ccttcaacct cagtcagctc ccagggttgc tagagctcct 5521 tgtagaatat ttccgacgat gcctgattga gatctttggc attttaaagg agtatgaggt 5581 gggtgaccca ggacagagaa cgctactgga tcctgggagg ttcagcaagg tgtctagtcc 5641 agctcccatg gagggtgggg aagaagaaga agaacttcta ggtcctaaac tagaagagga 5701 agaagaagag gaagtagttg aaaatgatga ggagatagcc ttttcaggca aggacaagcc 5761 agcttcagag aatagtgagg agaagctgat cagtaagttt gacaagcttc cagtaaagat 5821 cgtacagaag aatgatccat ttgtggtgga ctgctcagat aagcttgggc gtgtgcagga 5881 gtttgacagt ggcctgctgc actggcggat tggtgggggg gacaccactg agcatatcca 5941 gacccacttc gagagcaaga cagagctgct gccttcccgg cctcacgcac cctgcccacc 6001 agcccctcgg aagcatgtga caacagcaga gggtacacca gggacaacag accaggaggg 6061 gcccccacct gatggacctc cagaaaaacg gatcacagcc actatggatg acatgttgtc 6121 tactcggtct agcaccttga ccgaggatgg agctaagagt tcagaggcca tcaaggagag 6181 cagcaagttt ccatttggca ttagcccagc acagagccac cggaacatca agatcctaga 6241 ggacgaaccc cacagtaagg atgagacccc actgtgtacc cttctggact ggcaggattc 6301 tcttgccaag cgctgcgtct gtgtgtccaa taccattcga agcctgtcat ttgtgccagg 6361 caatgacttt gagatgtcca aacacccagg gctgctgctc atcctgggca agctgatcct 6421 gctgcaccac aagcacccag aacggaagca ggcaccacta acttatgaaa aggaggagga 6481 acaggaccaa ggggtgagct gcaacaaagt ggagtggtgg tgggactgct tggagatgct 6541 ccgggaaaac accttggtta cactcgccaa catctcgggg cagttggacc tatctccata 6601 ccccgagagc atttgcctgc ctgtcctgga cggactccta cactgggcag tttgcccttc 6661 agctgaagcc caggacccct tttccaccct gggccccaat gccgtccttt ccccgcagag 6721 actggtcttg gaaaccctca gcaaactcag catccaggac aacaatgtgg acctgattct 6781 ggccacaccc cccttcagcc gcctggagaa gttgtatagc actatggtgc gcttcctcag 6841 tgaccgaaag aacccggtgt gccgggagat ggctgtggta ctgctggcca acctggctca 6901 gggggacagc ctggcagctc gtgccattgc agtgcagaag ggcagtatcg gcaacctcct 6961 gggcttccta gaggacagcc ttgccgccac acagttccag cagagccagg ccagcctcct 7021 ccacatgcag aacccaccct ttgagccaac tagtgtggac atgatgcggc gggctgcccg
7081 cgcgctgctt gccttggcca aggtggacga gaaccactca gagtttactc tgtacgaatc 7141 acggctgttg gacatctcgg tatcaccgtt gatgaactca ttggtttcac aagtcatttg 7201 tgatgtactg tttttgattg gccagtcatg acagccgtgg gacacctccc ccccccgtgt 7261 gtgtgtgcgt gtgtggagaa cttagaaact gactgttgcc ctttatttat gcaaaaccac 7321 ctcagaatcc agtttaccct gtgctgtcca gcttctccct tgggaaaaag tctctcctgt 7381 ttctctctcc tccttccacc tcccctccct ccatcacctc acgcctttct gttccttgtc 7441 ctcaccttac tcccctcagg accctacccc accctctttg aaaagacaaa gctctgccta 7501 catagaagac tttttttatt ttaaccaaag ttactgttgt ttacagtgag tttggggaaa 7561 aaaaataaaa taaaaatggc tttcccagtc cttgcatcaa cgggatgcca catttcataa 7621 ctgtttttaa tggtaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aatacaaaaa aaaattctga aggacaaaaa 7681 aggtgactgc tgaactgtgt gtggtttatt gttgtacatt cacaatcttg caggagccaa 7741 gaagttcgca gttgtgaaca gaccctgttc actggagagg cctgtgcagt agagtgtaga 7801 ccctttcatg tactgtactg tacacctgat actgtaaaca tactgtaata ataatgtctc 7861 acatggaaac agaaaacgct gggtcagcag caagctgtag tttttaaaaa tgtttttagt 7921 taaacgttga ggagaaaaaa aaaaaaggct tttcccccaa agtatcatgt gtgaacctac 7981 aacaccctga cctctttctc tcctccttga ttgtatgaat aaccctgaga tcacctctta 8041 gaactggttt taacctttag ctgcagcggc tacgctgcca cgtgtgtata tatatgacgt 8101 tgtacattgc acataccctt ggatccccac agtttggtcc tcctcccagc taccccttta 8161 tagtatgacg agttaacaag ttggtgacct gcacaaagcg agacacagct atttaatctc 8221 ttgccagata tcgcccctct tggtgcgatg ctgtacaggt ctctgtaaaa agtccttgct 8281 gtctcagcag ccaatcaact tatagtttat ttttttctgg gtttttgttt tgttttgttt 8341 tctttctaat cgaggtgtga aaaagttcta ggttcagttg aagttctgat gaagaaacac 8401 aattgagatt ttttcagtga taaaatctgc atatttgtat ttcaacaatg tagctaaaac 8461 ttgatgtaaa ttcctccttt ttttcctttt ttggcttaat gaatatcatt tattcagtat 8521 gaaatcttta tactatatgt tccacgtgtt aagaataaat gtacattaaa tcttggtaag 8581 acttt
AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1 A (ARIDl A) isoform b (SEQ ID NO: 11)
1 maaqvapaaa sslgnppppp pselkkaeqq qreeaggeaa aaaaaergem kaaagqeseg
61 pavgppqplg kelqdgaesn gggggggags gggpgaepdl knsngnagpr palnnnltep
121 pggggggssd gvgapphsaa aalpppaygf gqpygrspsa vaaaaaavfh qqhggqqspg
181 laalqsgggg glepyagpqq nshdhgfpnh qynsyypnrs aypppapaya lssprggtpg
241 sgaaaaagsk pppsssasas sssssfaqqr fgamggggps aagggtpqpt atptlnqllt
301 spssargyqg ypggdysggp qdggagkgpa dmasqcwgaa aaaaaaaaas ggaqqrshha
361 pmspgssggg gqplartpqp s spmdqmgkm rpqpyggtnp ysqqqgppsg pqqghgypgq
421 pygsqtpqry pmtmqgraqs amgglsytqq ippygqqgps gygqqgqtpy ynqqsphpqq
481 qqppysqqpp sqtphaqpsy qqqpqsqppq lqssqppysq qpsqpphqqs papypsqqst
541 tqqhpqsqpp ysqpqaqspy qqqqpqqpap stlsqqaayp qpqsqqsqqt aysqqrfppp
601 qelsqdsfgs qassapsmts skggqedmnl slqsrpsslp dlsgsiddlp mgtegalspg
661 vstsgisssq geqsnpaqsp fsphtsphlp girgpspspv gspasvaqsr sgplspaavp
721 gnqmpprpps gqsdsimhps mnqssiaqdr gymqrnpqmp qysspqpgsa lsprqpsggq
781 ihtgmgsyqq nsmgsygpqg gqygpqggyp rqpnynalpn anypsagmag ginpmgaggq
841 mhgqpgippy gtlppgrmsh asmgnrpygp nmanmppqvg sgmcpppggm nrktqetava
901 mhvaansiqn rppgypnmnq ggmmgtgppy gqginsmagm inpqgppysm ggtmannsag
961 maaspemmgl gdvkltpatk mnnkadgtpk teskskksss stttnekitk lyelggeper
1021 kmwvdrylaf teekamgmtn lpavgrkpld lyrlyvsvke iggltqvnkn kkwrelatnl
1081 nvgtsssaas slkkqyiqcl yafeckierg edpppdifaa adskksqpki qppspagsgs
1141 mqgpqtpqst sssmaeggdl kpptpastph sqipplpgms rsnsvgiqda fndgsdstfq
1201 krnsmtpnpg yqpsmntsdm mgrmsyepnk dpygsmrkap gsdpfmssgq gpnggmgdpy
1261 sraagpglgn vamgprqhyp yggpydrvrt epgigpegnm stgapqpnlm psnpdsgmys
1321 psryppqqqq qqqqrhdsyg nqfstqgtps gspfpsqqtt myqqqqqvss paplprpmen
1381 rtspskspfl hsgmkmqkag ppvpashiap apvqppmirr ditfppgsve atqpvlkqrr
1441 rltmkdigtp eawrvmmslk sgllaestwa ldtinillyd dnsimtfnls qlpgllellv
1501 eyfrrcliei fgilkeyevg dpgqrtlldp grfskvsspa pmeggeeeee llgpkleeee
1561 eeevvendee iafsgkdkpa senseeklis kfdklpvkiv qkndpfvvdc sdklgrvqef
1621 dsgllhwrig ggdttehiqt hfesktellp srphapcppa prkhvttaeg tpgttdqegp
1681 ppdgppekri tatmddmlst rsstltedga ksseaikess kfpfgispaq shrnikiled
1741 ephskdetpl ctlldwqdsl akrcvcvsnt irslsfvpgn dfemskhpgl llilgklill
1801 hhkhperkqa pltyekeeeq dqgvscnkve wwwdclemlr entlvtlani sgqldlspyp
1861 esiclpvldg llhwavcpsa eaqdpfstlg pnavlspqrl vletlsklsi qdnnvdlila
1921 tppfsrlekl ystmvrflsd rknpvcrema vvllanlaqg dslaaraiav qkgsignllg
1981 fledslaatq fqqsqasllh mqnppfepts vdmmrraara llalakvden hseftlyesr 2041 lldisvsplm nslvsqvicd vlfligqs
Homo sapiens AT rich interactive domain 1A (SWI- like) (ARID 1 A), transcript variant 2, mRNA (SEQ ID NO: 12)
1 cagaaagcgg agagtcacag cggggccagg ccctggggag cggagcctcc accgcccccc 61 tcattcccag gcaagggctt ggggggaatg agccgggaga gccgggtccc gagcctacag 121 agccgggagc agctgagccg ccggcgcctc ggccgccgcc gccgcctcct cctcctccgc 181 cgccgccagc ccggagcctg agccggcggg gcggggggga gaggagcgag cgcagcgcag 241 cagcggagcc ccgcgaggcc cgcccgggcg ggtggggagg gcagcccggg ggactgggcc 301 ccggggcggg gtgggagggg gggagaagac gaagacaggg ccgggtctct ccgcggacga 361 gacagcgggg atcatggccg cgcaggtcgc ccccgccgcc gccagcagcc tgggcaaccc 421 gccgccgccg ccgccctcgg agctgaagaa agccgagcag cagcagcggg aggaggcggg 481 gggcgaggcg gcggcggcgg cagcggccga gcgcggggaa atgaaggcag ccgccgggca 541 ggaaagcgag ggccccgccg tggggccgcc gcagccgctg ggaaaggagc tgcaggacgg 601 ggccgagagc aatgggggtg gcggcggcgg cggagccggc agcggcggcg ggcccggcgc 661 ggagccggac ctgaagaact cgaacgggaa cgcgggccct aggcccgccc tgaacaataa 721 cctcacggag ccgcccggcg gcggcggtgg cggcagcagc gatggggtgg gggcgcctcc 781 tcactcagcc gcggccgcct tgccgccccc agcctacggc ttcgggcaac cctacggccg 841 gagcccgtct gccgtcgccg ccgccgcggc cgccgtcttc caccaacaac atggcggaca 901 acaaagccct ggcctggcag cgctgcagag cggcggcggc gggggcctgg agccctacgc 961 ggggccccag cagaactctc acgaccacgg cttccccaac caccagtaca actcctacta 1021 ccccaaccgc agcgcctacc ccccgcccgc cccggcctac gcgctgagct ccccgagagg 1081 tggcactccg ggctccggcg cggcggcggc tgccggctcc aagccgcctc cctcctccag 1141 cgcctccgcc tcctcgtcgt cttcgtcctt cgctcagcag cgcttcgggg ccatgggggg 1201 aggcggcccc tccgcggccg gcgggggaac tccccagccc accgccaccc ccaccctcaa 1261 ccaactgctc acgtcgccca gctcggcccg gggctaccag ggctaccccg ggggcgacta 1321 cagtggcggg ccccaggacg ggggcgccgg caagggcccg gcggacatgg cctcgcagtg 1381 ttggggggct gcggcggcgg cagctgcggc ggcggccgcc tcgggagggg cccaacaaag 1441 gagccaccac gcgcccatga gccccgggag cagcggcggc ggggggcagc cgctcgcccg 1501 gacccctcag ccatccagtc caatggatca gatgggcaag atgagacctc agccatatgg 1561 cgggactaac ccatactcgc agcaacaggg acctccgtca ggaccgcagc aaggacatgg 1621 gtacccaggg cagccatacg ggtcccagac cccgcagcgg tacccgatga ccatgcaggg 1681 ccgggcgcag agtgccatgg gcggcctctc ttatacacag cagattcctc cttatggaca 1741 acaaggcccc agcgggtatg gtcaacaggg ccagactcca tattacaacc agcaaagtcc 1801 tcaccctcag cagcagcagc caccctactc ccagcaacca ccgtcccaga cccctcatgc 1861 ccaaccttcg tatcagcagc agccacagtc tcaaccacca cagctccagt cctctcagcc 1921 tccatactcc cagcagccat cccagcctcc acatcagcag tccccggctc catacccctc 1981 ccagcagtcg acgacacagc agcaccccca gagccagccc ccctactcac agccacaggc 2041 tcagtctcct taccagcagc agcaacctca gcagccagca ccctcgacgc tctcccagca 2101 ggctgcgtat cctcagcccc agtctcagca gtcccagcaa actgcctatt cccagcagcg 2161 cttccctcca ccgcaggagc tatctcaaga ttcatttggg tctcaggcat cctcagcccc 2221 ctcaatgacc tccagtaagg gagggcaaga agatatgaac ctgagccttc agtcaagacc 2281 ctccagcttg cctgatctat ctggttcaat agatgacctc cccatgggga cagaaggagc 2341 tctgagtcct ggagtgagca catcagggat ttccagcagc caaggagagc agagtaatcc 2401 agctcagtct cctttctctc ctcatacctc ccctcacctg cctggcatcc gaggcccttc 2461 cccgtcccct gttggctctc ccgccagtgt tgctcagtct cgctcaggac cactctcgcc 2521 tgctgcagtg ccaggcaacc agatgccacc tcggccaccc agtggccagt cggacagcat 2581 catgcatcct tccatgaacc aatcaagcat tgcccaagat cgaggttata tgcagaggaa 2641 cccccagatg ccccagtaca gttcccccca gcccggctca gccttatctc cgcgtcagcc 2701 ttccggagga cagatacaca caggcatggg ctcctaccag cagaactcca tggggagcta 2761 tggtccccag gggggtcagt atggcccaca aggtggctac cccaggcagc caaactataa 2821 tgccttgccc aatgccaact accccagtgc aggcatggct ggaggcataa accccatggg 2881 tgccggaggt caaatgcatg gacagcctgg catcccacct tatggcacac tccctccagg 2941 gaggatgagt cacgcctcca tgggcaaccg gccttatggc cctaacatgg ccaatatgcc 3001 acctcaggtt gggtcaggga tgtgtccccc accagggggc atgaaccgga aaacccaaga 3061 aactgctgtc gccatgcatg ttgctgccaa ctctatccaa aacaggccgc caggctaccc 3121 caatatgaat caagggggca tgatgggaac tggacctcct tatggacaag ggattaatag 3181 tatggctggc atgatcaacc ctcagggacc cccatattcc atgggtggaa ccatggccaa 3241 caattctgca gggatggcag ccagcccaga gatgatgggc cttggggatg taaagttaac
3301 tccagccacc aaaatgaaca acaaggcaga tgggacaccc aagacagaat ccaaatccaa
3361 gaaatccagt tcttctacta caaccaatga gaagatcacc aagttgtatg agctgggtgg
3421 tgagcctgag aggaagatgt gggtggaccg ttatctggcc ttcactgagg agaaggccat
3481 gggcatgaca aatctgcctg ctgtgggtag gaaacctctg gacctctatc gcctctatgt
3541 gtctgtgaag gagattggtg gattgactca ggtcaacaag aacaaaaaat ggcgggaact
3601 tgcaaccaac ctcaatgtgg gcacatcaag cagtgctgcc agctccttga aaaagcagta
3661 tatccagtgt ctctatgcct ttgaatgcaa gattgaacgg ggagaagacc ctcccccaga
3721 catctttgca gctgctgatt ccaagaagtc ccagcccaag atccagcctc cctctcctgc
3781 gggatcagga tctatgcagg ggccccagac tccccagtca accagcagtt ccatggcaga
3841 aggaggagac ttaaagccac caactccagc atccacacca cacagtcaga tccccccatt
3901 gccaggcatg agcaggagca attcagttgg gatccaggat gcctttaatg atggaagtga
3961 ctccacattc cagaagcgga attccatgac tccaaaccct gggtatcagc ccagtatgaa
4021 tacctctgac atgatggggc gcatgtccta tgagccaaat aaggatcctt atggcagcat
4081 gaggaaagct ccagggagtg atcccttcat gtcctcaggg cagggcccca acggcgggat
4141 gggtgacccc tacagtcgtg ctgccggccc tgggctagga aatgtggcga tgggaccacg
4201 acagcactat ccctatggag gtccttatga cagagtgagg acggagcctg gaatagggcc
4261 tgagggaaac atgagcactg gggccccaca gccgaatctc atgccttcca acccagactc
4321 ggggatgtat tctcctagcc gctacccccc gcagcagcag cagcagcagc agcaacgaca
4381 tgattcctat ggcaatcagt tctccaccca aggcacccct tctggcagcc ccttccccag
4441 ccagcagact acaatgtatc aacagcaaca gcaggtatcc agccctgctc ccctgccccg
4501 gccaatggag aaccgcacct ctcctagcaa gtctccattc ctgcactctg ggatgaaaat
4561 gcagaaggca ggtcccccag tacctgcctc gcacatagca cctgcccctg tgcagccccc
4621 catgattcgg cgggatatca ccttcccacc tggctctgtt gaagccacac agcctgtgtt
4681 gaagcagagg aggcggctca caatgaaaga cattggaacc ccggaggcat ggcgggtaat
4741 gatgtccctc aagtctggtc tcctggcaga gagcacatgg gcattagata ccatcaacat
4801 cctgctgtat gatgacaaca gcatcatgac cttcaacctc agtcagctcc cagggttgct
4861 agagctcctt gtagaatatt tccgacgatg cctgattgag atctttggca ttttaaagga
4921 gtatgaggtg ggtgacccag gacagagaac gctactggat cctgggaggt tcagcaaggt
4981 gtctagtcca gctcccatgg agggtgggga agaagaagaa gaacttctag gtcctaaact
5041 agaagaggaa gaagaagagg aagtagttga aaatgatgag gagatagcct tttcaggcaa
5101 ggacaagcca gcttcagaga atagtgagga gaagctgatc agtaagtttg acaagcttcc
5161 agtaaagatc gtacagaaga atgatccatt tgtggtggac tgctcagata agcttgggcg
5221 tgtgcaggag tttgacagtg gcctgctgca ctggcggatt ggtggggggg acaccactga
5281 gcatatccag acccacttcg agagcaagac agagctgctg ccttcccggc ctcacgcacc
5341 ctgcccacca gcccctcgga agcatgtgac aacagcagag ggtacaccag ggacaacaga
5401 ccaggagggg cccccacctg atggacctcc agaaaaacgg atcacagcca ctatggatga
5461 catgttgtct actcggtcta gcaccttgac cgaggatgga gctaagagtt cagaggccat
5521 caaggagagc agcaagtttc catttggcat tagcccagca cagagccacc ggaacatcaa
5581 gatcctagag gacgaacccc acagtaagga tgagacccca ctgtgtaccc ttctggactg
5641 gcaggattct cttgccaagc gctgcgtctg tgtgtccaat accattcgaa gcctgtcatt
5701 tgtgccaggc aatgactttg agatgtccaa acacccaggg ctgctgctca tcctgggcaa
5761 gctgatcctg ctgcaccaca agcacccaga acggaagcag gcaccactaa cttatgaaaa
5821 ggaggaggaa caggaccaag gggtgagctg caacaaagtg gagtggtggt gggactgctt
5881 ggagatgctc cgggaaaaca ccttggttac actcgccaac atctcggggc agttggacct
5941 atctccatac cccgagagca tttgcctgcc tgtcctggac ggactcctac actgggcagt
6001 ttgcccttca gctgaagccc aggacccctt ttccaccctg ggccccaatg ccgtcctttc
6061 cccgcagaga ctggtcttgg aaaccctcag caaactcagc atccaggaca acaatgtgga
6121 cctgattctg gccacacccc ccttcagccg cctggagaag ttgtatagca ctatggtgcg
6181 cttcctcagt gaccgaaaga acccggtgtg ccgggagatg gctgtggtac tgctggccaa
6241 cctggctcag ggggacagcc tggcagctcg tgccattgca gtgcagaagg gcagtatcgg
6301 caacctcctg ggcttcctag aggacagcct tgccgccaca cagttccagc agagccaggc
6361 cagcctcctc cacatgcaga acccaccctt tgagccaact agtgtggaca tgatgcggcg
6421 ggctgcccgc gcgctgcttg ccttggccaa ggtggacgag aaccactcag agtttactct
6481 gtacgaatca cggctgttgg acatctcggt atcaccgttg atgaactcat tggtttcaca
6541 agtcatttgt gatgtactgt ttttgattgg ccagtcatga cagccgtggg acacctcccc
6601 cccccgtgtg tgtgtgcgtg tgtggagaac ttagaaactg actgttgccc tttatttatg
6661 caaaaccacc tcagaatcca gtttaccctg tgctgtccag cttctccctt gggaaaaagt
6721 ctctcctgtt tctctctcct ccttccacct cccctccctc catcacctca cgcctttctg
6781 ttccttgtcc tcaccttact cccctcagga ccctacccca ccctctttga aaagacaaag
6841 ctctgcctac atagaagact ttttttattt taaccaaagt tactgttgtt tacagtgagt
6901 ttggggaaaa aaaataaaat aaaaatggct ttcccagtcc ttgcatcaac gggatgccac
6961 atttcataac tgtttttaat ggtaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa atacaaaaaa aaattctgaa
7021 ggacaaaaaa ggtgactgct gaactgtgtg tggtttattg ttgtacattc acaatcttgc
7081 aggagccaag aagttcgcag ttgtgaacag accctgttca ctggagaggc ctgtgcagta
7141 gagtgtagac cctttcatgt actgtactgt acacctgata ctgtaaacat actgtaataa
7201 taatgtctca catggaaaca gaaaacgctg ggtcagcagc aagctgtagt ttttaaaaat
7261 gtttttagtt aaacgttgag gagaaaaaaa aaaaaggctt ttcccccaaa gtatcatgtg
7321 tgaacctaca acaccctgac ctctttctct cctccttgat tgtatgaata accctgagat
7381 cacctcttag aactggtttt aacctttagc tgcagcggct acgctgccac gtgtgtatat
7441 atatgacgtt gtacattgca catacccttg gatccccaca gtttggtcct cctcccagct
7501 acccctttat agtatgacga gttaacaagt tggtgacctg cacaaagcga gacacagcta
7561 tttaatctct tgccagatat cgcccctctt ggtgcgatgc tgtacaggtc tctgtaaaaa
7621 gtccttgctg tctcagcagc caatcaactt atagtttatt tttttctggg tttttgtttt
7681 gttttgtttt ctttctaatc gaggtgtgaa aaagttctag gttcagttga agttctgatg
7741 aagaaacaca attgagattt tttcagtgat aaaatctgca tatttgtatt tcaacaatgt
7801 agctaaaact tgatgtaaat tcctcctttt tttccttttt tggcttaatg aatatcattt
7861 attcagtatg aaatctttat actatatgtt ccacgtgtta agaataaatg tacattaaat
7921 cttggtaaga cttt
[0100] The term "inducing differentiation" used herein refers to causing an immature or stemlike cell to develop into a more differentiated or terminally differentiated cell.
[0101] According to the methods of the disclosure, a "normal" cell may be used as a basis of comparison for one or more characteristics of a cancer cell, including expression and/or function of SNF5, ATRX, and/or ARIDIA. As used herein, a "normal cell" is a cell that cannot be classified as part of a "cell proliferative disorder". A normal cell lacks unregulated or abnormal growth, or both, that can lead to the development of an unwanted condition or disease. Preferably, a normal cell expresses a comparable amount of EZH2 as a cancer cell. Preferably a normal cell contains a wild type sequence for a SNF5, ATRX, and/or ARIDIA gene, expresses a SNF5, ATRX, and/or ARIDIA transcript without mutations, and expresses a SNF5, ATRX, and/or ARIDIA protein without mutations that retains all functions a normal activity levels.
[0102] As used herein, "contacting a cell" refers to a condition in which a compound or other composition of matter is in direct contact with a cell, or is close enough to induce a desired biological effect in a cell.
[0103] As used herein, "treating" or "treat" describes the management and care of a subject for the purpose of combating a disease, condition, or disorder and includes the administration of an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, metabolite, polymorph or solvate thereof, to alleviate the symptoms or complications of cancer or to eliminate the cancer.
[0104] As used herein, the term "alleviate" is meant to describe a process by which the severity of a sign or symptom of cancer is decreased. Importantly, a sign or symptom can be alleviated without being eliminated. In a preferred embodiment, the administration of pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure leads to the elimination of a sign or symptom,
however, elimination is not required. Effective dosages are expected to decrease the severity of a sign or symptom. For instance, a sign or symptom of a disorder such as cancer, which can occur in multiple locations, is alleviated if the severity of the cancer is decreased within at least one of multiple locations.
[0105] As used herein, the term "severity" is meant to describe the potential of cancer to transform from a precancerous, or benign, state into a malignant state. Alternatively, or in addition, severity is meant to describe a cancer stage, for example, according to the TNM system (accepted by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)) or by other art-recognized methods. Cancer stage refers to the extent or severity of the cancer, based on factors such as the location of the primary tumor, tumor size, number of tumors, and lymph node involvement (spread of cancer into lymph nodes). Alternatively, or in addition, severity is meant to describe the tumor grade by art- recognized methods (see, National Cancer Institute, www.cancer.gov). Tumor grade is a system used to classify cancer cells in terms of how abnormal they look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. Many factors are considered when determining tumor grade, including the structure and growth pattern of the cells. The specific factors used to determine tumor grade vary with each type of cancer. Severity also describes a histologic grade, also called differentiation, which refers to how much the tumor cells resemble normal cells of the same tissue type (see, National Cancer Institute,
www.cancer.gov). Furthermore, severity describes a nuclear grade, which refers to the size and shape of the nucleus in tumor cells and the percentage of tumor cells that are dividing (see, National Cancer Institute, www.cancer.gov).
[0106] In another aspect of the disclosure, severity describes the degree to which a tumor has secreted growth factors, degraded the extracellular matrix, become vascularized, lost adhesion to juxtaposed tissues, or metastasized. Moreover, severity describes the number of locations to which a primary tumor has metastasized. Finally, severity includes the difficulty of treating tumors of varying types and locations. For example, inoperable tumors, those cancers which have greater access to multiple body systems (hematological and immunological tumors), and those which are the most resistant to traditional treatments are considered most severe. In these situations, prolonging the life expectancy of the subject and/or reducing pain, decreasing the proportion of cancerous cells or restricting cells to one system, and improving cancer stage/tumor grade/histological grade/nuclear grade are considered alleviating a sign or symptom of the cancer.
[0107] As used herein the term "symptom" is defined as an indication of disease, illness, injury, or that something is not right in the body. Symptoms are felt or noticed by the individual experiencing the symptom, but may not easily be noticed by others. Others are defined as non-health-care professionals.
[0108] As used herein the term "sign" is also defined as an indication that something is not right in the body. But signs are defined as things that can be seen by a doctor, nurse, or other health care professional.
[0109] Cancer is a group of diseases that may cause almost any sign or symptom. The signs and symptoms will depend on where the cancer is, the size of the cancer, and how much it affects the nearby organs or structures. If a cancer spreads (metastasizes), then symptoms may appear in different parts of the body.
[0110] As a cancer grows, it begins to push on nearby organs, blood vessels, and nerves. This pressure creates some of the signs and symptoms of cancer. Cancers may form in places where it does not cause any symptoms until the cancer has grown quite large.
[0111] Cancer may also cause symptoms such as fever, fatigue, or weight loss. This may be because cancer cells use up much of the body's energy supply or release substances that change the body's metabolism. Or the cancer may cause the immune system to react in ways that produce these symptoms. While the signs and symptoms listed above are the more common ones seen with cancer, there are many others that are less common and are not listed here. However, all art-recognized signs and symptoms of cancer are contemplated and encompassed by the disclosure.
[0112] Treating cancer may result in a reduction in size of a tumor. A reduction in size of a tumor may also be referred to as "tumor regression". Preferably, after treatment according to the methods of the disclosure, tumor size is reduced by 5% or greater relative to its size prior to treatment; more preferably, tumor size is reduced by 10% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 20% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 30% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 40% or greater; even more preferably, reduced by 50% or greater; and most preferably, reduced by greater than 75% or greater. Size of a tumor may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement. The size of a tumor may be measured as a diameter of the tumor.
[0113] Treating cancer may result in a reduction in tumor volume. Preferably, after treatment according to the methods of the disclosure, tumor volume is reduced by 5% or greater relative to its size prior to treatment; more preferably, tumor volume is reduced by 10% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 20% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 30%
or greater; more preferably, reduced by 40% or greater; even more preferably, reduced by 50% or greater; and most preferably, reduced by greater than 75% or greater. Tumor volume may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement.
[0114] Treating cancer may result in a decrease in number of tumors. Preferably, after treatment, tumor number is reduced by 5% or greater relative to number prior to treatment; more preferably, tumor number is reduced by 10% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 20% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 30% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 40% or greater; even more preferably, reduced by 50% or greater; and most preferably, reduced by greater than 75%. Number of tumors may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement. The number of tumors may be measured by counting tumors visible to the naked eye or at a specified magnification. Preferably, the specified magnification is 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, lOx, or 50x.
[0115] Treating cancer may result in a decrease in number of metastatic lesions in other tissues or organs distant from the primary tumor site. Preferably, after treatment according to the methods of the disclosure, the number of metastatic lesions is reduced by 5% or greater relative to number prior to treatment; more preferably, the number of metastatic lesions is reduced by 10% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 20% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 30% or greater; more preferably, reduced by 40% or greater; even more preferably, reduced by 50% or greater; and most preferably, reduced by greater than 75%. The number of metastatic lesions may be measured by any reproducible means of measurement. The number of metastatic lesions may be measured by counting metastatic lesions visible to the naked eye or at a specified magnification. Preferably, the specified magnification is 2x, 3x, 4x, 5x, l Ox, or 50x.
[0116] An effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, metabolite, polymorph or solvate thereof, is not significantly cytotoxic to normal cells. For example, a therapeutically effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure is not significantly cytotoxic to normal cells if administration of the EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure in a therapeutically effective amount does not induce cell death in greater than 10% of normal cells. A therapeutically effective amount of an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure does not significantly affect the viability of normal cells if administration of the compound in a therapeutically effective amount does not induce cell death in greater than 10% of normal cells.
[0117] Contacting a cell with an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, metabolite, polymorph or solvate thereof, can inhibit EZH2 activity
selectively in cancer cells. Administering to a subject in need thereof an EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, metabolite, polymorph or solvate thereof, can inhibit EZH2 activity selectively in cancer cells.
EZH2 Inhibitors
[0118] EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure comprise tazemetostat (EPZ-6438):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0119] Tazemetostat is also described in US Patent Nos. 8,410,088, 8,765,732, and 9,090,562 (the contents of which are each incorporated herein in their entireties).
[0120] Tazemetostat or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as described herein, is potent in targeting both WT and mutant EZH2. Tazemetostat is orally bioavailable and has high selectivity to EZH2 compared with other histone methyltransferases (i.e. >20,000 fold selectivity by Ki). Importantly, tazemetostat has targeted methyl mark inhibition that results in the killing of genetically defined cancer cells in vitro. Animal models have also shown sustained in vivo efficacy following inhibition of the target methyl mark. Clinical trial results described herein also demonstrate the safety and efficacy of tazemetostat.
[0121] In one embodiment, tazemetostat or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to the subject at a dose of approximately 100 mg to approximately 3200 mg daily, such as about 100 mg BID to about 1600 mg BID (e.g., 100 mg BID, 200 mg BID, 400 mg BID, 800 mg BID, or 1600 mg BID), for treating a NHL. On one embodiment the dose is 800 mg BID.
[0122] EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of:
(D), or stereoisomers thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.
[0123] EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of Compound E:
(E) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
[0124] EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of GSK-126, having the following formula:
[0125] EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of Compound F:
(F), or stereoisomers thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof.
[0126] EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of any one of Compounds Ga-Gc:
(Gc), or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
[0127] EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may comprise, consist essentially of or consist of CPI-1205 or GSK343.
[0128] Additional suitable EZH2 inhibitors will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments of the strategies, treatment modalities, methods, combinations, and compositions provided herein, the EZH2 inhibitor is an EZH2 inhibitor described in US 8,536,179 (describing GSK-126 among other compounds and corresponding to WO
2011/140324), the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0129] In some embodiments of the strategies, treatment modalities, methods, combinations, and compositions provided herein, the EZH2 inhibitor is an EZH2 inhibitor described in PCT/US2014/015706, published as WO 2014/124418, in PCT/US2013/025639, published as WO 2013/120104, and in US 14/839,273, published as US 2015/0368229, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference
[0130] In one embodiment, the compound disclosed herein is the compound itself, i.e., the free base or "naked" molecule. In another embodiment, the compound is a salt thereof, e.g., a mono-HCl or tri-HCl salt, mono-HBr or tri-HBr salt of the naked molecule.
[0131] Compounds disclosed herein that contain nitrogens can be converted to N-oxides by treatment with an oxidizing agent (e.g. , 3 -chloroperoxy benzoic acid (mCPBA) and/or hydrogen peroxides) to afford other compounds suitable for any methods disclosed herein. Thus, all shown and claimed nitrogen-containing compounds are considered, when allowed by valency and structure, to include both the compound as shown and its N-oxide derivative (which can be designated as N→0 or N+-0"). Furthermore, in other instances, the nitrogens in the compounds disclosed herein can be converted to N-hydroxy or N-alkoxy compounds. For example, N-hydroxy compounds can be prepared by oxidation of the parent amine by an oxidizing agent such as m-CPBA. All shown and claimed nitrogen-containing compounds are also considered, when allowed by valency and structure, to cover both the compound as shown and its N-hydroxy (i.e. , N-OH) and N-alkoxy (i.e. , N-OR, wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 alkynyl, 3-14-membered carbocycle or 3-14- membered heterocycle) derivatives.
[0132] "Isomerism" means compounds that have identical molecular formulae but differ in the sequence of bonding of their atoms or in the arrangement of their atoms in space. Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in space are termed "stereoisomers."
Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of one another are termed "diastereoisomers," and stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other are termed
"enantiomers" or sometimes optical isomers. A mixture containing equal amounts of individual enantiomeric forms of opposite chirality is termed a "racemic mixture."
[0133] A carbon atom bonded to four nonidentical substituents is termed a "chiral center."
[0134] "Chiral isomer" means a compound with at least one chiral center. Compounds with more than one chiral center may exist either as an individual diastereomer or as a mixture of diastereomers, termed "diastereomeric mixture." When one chiral center is present, a stereoisomer may be characterized by the absolute configuration (R or S) of that chiral center. Absolute configuration refers to the arrangement in space of the substituents attached to the chiral center. The substituents attached to the chiral center under consideration are ranked in accordance with the Sequence Rule of Cahn, Ingold and Prelog. (Cahn et al., Angew. Chem. Inter. Edit. 1966, 5, 385; errata 511 ; Cahn et al., Angew. Chem. 1966, 78, 413; Cahn and Ingold, J. Chem. Soc. 1951 (London), 612; Cahn et al., Experientia 1956, 12, 81; Cahn, J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 116).
[0135] "Geometric isomer" means the diastereomers that owe their existence to hindered rotation about double bonds or a cycloalkyl linker (e.g., 1,3-cyclobutyl). These configurations are differentiated in their names by the prefixes cis and trans, or Z and E, which indicate that the groups are on the same or opposite side of the double bond in the molecule according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules.
[0136] It is to be understood that the compounds disclosed herein may be depicted as different chiral isomers or geometric isomers. It should also be understood that when compounds have chiral isomeric or geometric isomeric forms, all isomeric forms are intended to be included in the scope of the disclosure, and the naming of the compounds does not exclude any isomeric forms.
[0137] Furthermore, the structures and other compounds discussed in this disclosure include all atropic isomers thereof. "Atropic isomers" are a type of stereoisomer in which the atoms of two isomers are arranged differently in space. Atropic isomers owe their existence to a restricted rotation caused by hindrance of rotation of large groups about a central bond. Such atropic isomers typically exist as a mixture, however as a result of recent advances in chromatography techniques, it has been possible to separate mixtures of two atropic isomers in select cases.
[0138] "Tautomer" is one of two or more structural isomers that exist in equilibrium and is readily converted from one isomeric form to another. This conversion results in the formal migration of a hydrogen atom accompanied by a switch of adjacent conjugated double bonds. Tautomers exist as a mixture of a tautomeric set in solution. In solutions where
tautomerization is possible, a chemical equilibrium of the tautomers will be reached. The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent and pH. The concept of tautomers that are interconvertable by tautomerizations is called tautomerism.
[0139] Of the various types of tautomerism that are possible, two are commonly observed. In keto-enol tautomerism a simultaneous shift of electrons and a hydrogen atom occurs. Ring- chain tautomerism arises as a result of the aldehyde group (-CHO) in a sugar chain molecule reacting with one of the hydroxy groups (-OH) in the same molecule to give it a cyclic (ring- shaped) form as exhibited by glucose.
[0140] Common tautomeric pairs are: ketone-enol, amide-nitrile, lactam-lactim, amide-imidic acid tautomerism in heterocyclic rings (e.g. , in nucleobases such as guanine, thymine and cytosine), imine-enamine and enamine-enamine. An example of keto-enol equilibria is between pyridin-2(lH)-ones and the corresponding pyridin-2-ols, as shown below.
pyridin-2(1 H)-one pyridin-2-ol
[0141] It is to be understood that the compounds disclosed herein may be depicted as different tautomers. It should also be understood that when compounds have tautomeric forms, all tautomeric forms are intended to be included in the scope of the disclosure, and the naming of the compounds does not exclude any tautomer form.
[0142] The compounds disclosed herein include the compounds themselves, as well as their salts and their solvates, if applicable. A salt, for example, can be formed between an anion and a positively charged group (e.g., amino) on an aryl- or heteroaryl-substituted benzene compound. Suitable anions include chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, bisulfate, sulfamate, nitrate, phosphate, citrate, methanesulfonate, trifluoroacetate, glutamate, glucuronate, glutarate, malate, maleate, succinate, fumarate, tartrate, tosylate, salicylate, lactate, naphthalenesulfonate, and acetate (e.g., trifluoroacetate). The term "pharmaceutically acceptable anion" refers to an anion suitable for forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. Likewise, a salt can also be formed between a cation and a negatively charged group (e.g., carboxylate) on an aryl- or heteroaryl-substituted benzene compound. Suitable cations include sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, and an ammonium cation such as tetramethylammonium ion. The aryl- or heteroaryl-substituted benzene compounds also include those salts containing quaternary nitrogen atoms. In the salt form, it is understood that
the ratio of the compound to the cation or anion of the salt can be 1 : 1, or any ration other than 1 : 1 , e.g., 3 : 1 , 2: 1, 1 :2, or 1 :3.
[0143] Additionally, the compounds disclosed herein, for example, the salts of the compounds, can exist in either hydrated or unhydrated (the anhydrous) form or as solvates with other solvent molecules. Nonlimiting examples of hydrates include monohydrates, dihydrates, etc. Nonlimiting examples of solvates include ethanol solvates, acetone solvates, etc.
[0144] "Solvate" means solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H20.
[0145] As used herein, the term "analog" refers to a chemical compound that is structurally similar to another but differs slightly in composition (as in the replacement of one atom by an atom of a different element or in the presence of a particular functional group, or the replacement of one functional group by another functional group). Thus, an analog is a compound that is similar or comparable in function and appearance, but not in structure or origin to the reference compound.
[0146] As used herein, the term "derivative" refers to compounds that have a common core structure, and are substituted with various groups as described herein. For example, all of the compounds represented by Formula (I) are aryl- or heteroaryl-substituted benzene compounds, and have Formula (I) as a common core.
[0147] The term "bioisostere" refers to a compound resulting from the exchange of an atom or of a group of atoms with another, broadly similar, atom or group of atoms. The objective of a bioisosteric replacement is to create a new compound with similar biological properties to the parent compound. The bioisosteric replacement may be physicochemically or
topologically based. Examples of carboxylic acid bioisosteres include, but are not limited to, acyl sulfonimides, tetrazoles, sulfonates and phosphonates. See, e.g. , Patani and LaVoie, Chem. Rev. 96, 3147-3176, 1996.
[0148] The present disclosure is intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the present compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. By way of general example and without limitation, isotopes of hydrogen include tritium and deuterium, and isotopes of carbon include C-13 and C-14.
Pharmaceutical Formulations
[0149] The present disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one EZH2 inhibitor described herein in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier.
[0150] A "pharmaceutical composition" is a formulation containing the EZH2 inhibitors of the present disclosure in a form suitable for administration to a subject. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is in bulk or in unit dosage form. The unit dosage form is any of a variety of forms, including, for example, a capsule, an IV bag, a tablet, a single pump on an aerosol inhaler or a vial. The quantity of active ingredient (e.g. , a formulation of the disclosed compound or salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof) in a unit dose of composition is an effective amount and is varied according to the particular treatment involved. One skilled in the art will appreciate that it is sometimes necessary to make routine variations to the dosage depending on the age and condition of the patient. The dosage will also depend on the route of administration. A variety of routes are contemplated, including oral, pulmonary, rectal, parenteral, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, inhalational, buccal, sublingual, intrapleural, intrathecal, intranasal, and the like. Dosage forms for the topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this disclosure include powders, sprays, ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, solutions, patches and inhalants. In one embodiment, the active compound is mixed under sterile conditions with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and with any preservatives, buffers or propellants that are required.
[0151] As used herein, the phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, carriers, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
[0152] "Pharmaceutically acceptable excipient" means an excipient that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. A "pharmaceutically acceptable excipient" as used in the disclosure includes both one and more than one such excipient. A pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure is formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration. Examples of routes of administration include parenteral, (e.g., intravenous,
intradermal, subcutaneous), and enteral routes (e.g., oral, buccal, sublingual, sublabial), as well as administration by inhalation, transdermal (topical), and transmucosal administration. Solutions or suspensions used for parenteral, intradermal, or subcutaneous application can include the following components: a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvents;
antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates, and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose. The pH can be adjusted with acids or bases, such as
hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide. The parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic. Suitable formulations for enteral application, e.g., for oral administration, include, for example, tablets, capsules, time-release or sustained-release tablets and capsules, powders or granules (e.g., for formulating a solution or suspension that is orally administered), syrups, solutions, or suspensions. Liquid formulations for oral administration may include one or more diluent, e.g., water, which may, in some embodiments, be sterile. Such liquid formulations for oral administration may also include a stabilizer, an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, a chelating agent, a buffer, an agent for the adjustment of tonicity, and agents to control appearance and taste, such as a sweetener and/or a flavoring agent. Powders from which a solution or suspension can be reconstituted before oral administration may contain similar agents.
[0153] A compound or pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure can be administered to a subject in many of the well-known methods currently used for chemotherapeutic treatment. For example, for treatment of cancers, a compound of the disclosure may be injected directly into tumors, injected into the blood stream or body cavities or taken orally or applied through the skin with patches. The dose chosen should be sufficient to constitute effective treatment but not as high as to cause unacceptable side effects. The state of the disease condition (e.g., cancer, precancer, and the like) and the health of the patient should preferably be closely monitored during and for a reasonable period after treatment.
[0154] The term "therapeutically effective amount", as used herein, refers to an amount of an EZH2 inhibitor, composition, or pharmaceutical composition thereof effective to treat, ameliorate, or prevent an identified disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect. The effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art. The precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject's body weight, size, and health; the nature and extent of the condition; and the therapeutic or combination of
therapeutics selected for administration. Therapeutically effective amounts for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation that is within the skill and judgment of the clinician. In a preferred aspect, the disease or condition to be treated is cancer, including but not limited to, an INI 1 -deficient tumor.
[0155] For any EZH2 inhibitor of the disclosure, the therapeutically effective amount can be estimated initially either in cell culture assays, e.g. , of neoplastic cells, or in animal models, usually rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, or pigs. The animal model may also be used to determine the appropriate concentration range and route of administration. Such information can then be used to determine useful doses and routes for administration in humans.
Therapeutic/prophylactic efficacy and toxicity may be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population) and LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population). The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index, and it can be expressed as the ratio, LD50/ED50. Pharmaceutical compositions that exhibit large therapeutic indices are preferred. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed, sensitivity of the patient, and the route of administration.
[0156] Dosage and administration are adjusted to provide sufficient levels of the active agent(s) or to maintain the desired effect. Factors which may be taken into account include the severity of the disease state, general health of the subject, age, weight, and gender of the subject, diet, time and frequency of administration, drug combination(s), reaction sensitivities, and tolerance/response to therapy. Long-acting pharmaceutical compositions may be administered every 3 to 4 days, every week, or once every two weeks depending on half-life and clearance rate of the particular formulation.
[0157] Some embodiments provide pharmaceutical compositions, dosage forms, and/or methods of using such compositions or dosage forms, wherein an EZH2 inhibitor is formulated as an oral tablet, or as a suspension or solution. In some such embodiments, the EZH2 inhibitor may be formulated for administration at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition, or dosage form may be administered to a subject at a dose of about 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg. In some embodiments, an EZH2 inhibitor may be formulated for administration at a dose of about 800 mg. Such formulation may comprise one or multiple dosage forms, e.g., a single tablet or capsule, or a plurality of tablets or capsules, or a certain amount of powder, solution, or suspension comprising the EZH2 inhibitor. In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms are provided in which an EZH2 inhibitor is formulated for
administration once or twice per day (BID). In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms are provided in which an EZH2 inhibitor is formulated for administration at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID. For example, in some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is provided that is suitable for
administration of an EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of 800 mg BID.
[0158] In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is formulated for parenteral or enteral administration, for example, as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution, or as a solution or suspension for administration to the CSF by any route. In some such embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form may be suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day, e.g., at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, 20 mg/kg/day, 25 mg/kg/day, 30 mg/kg/day, 40 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day, 60 mg/kg/day, 70 mg/kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day, 80 mg/kg/day, 90 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, 250 mg/kg/day, 300 mg/kg/day, 400 mg/kg/day, 500 mg/kg/day, 600 mg/kg/day, 700 mg/kg/day, 750 mg/kg/day, 800 mg/kg/day, 900 mg/kg/day, 1000 mg/kg/day, 1 100 mg/kg/day, 1200 mg/kg/day, 1250 mg/kg/day, 1300 mg/kg/day, 1400 mg/kg/day, 1500 mg/kg/day, or 1600 mg/kg/day. For example, in some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is provided that is suitable for administration of an EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID. For example, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 800 mg BID.
[0159] In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is formulated for parenteral or enteral administration, for example, as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution. In some such embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form may be suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of between 10 mg/m2/day and 1200 mg/m2/day, e.g., at a dose of 10
2 2 2 2 2 2 mg/m /day, 20 mg/m /day, 25 mg/m /day, 30 mg/m /day, 40 mg/m /day, 50 mg/m /day, 60 mg/m /day, 70 mg/m /day, 75 mg/m /day, 80 mg/m /day, 90 mg/m /day, 100 mg/m /day, 1 10 mg/m2/day, 120 mg/m2/day, 125 mg/m2/day, 130 mg/m2/day, 140 mg/m2/day, 150 mg/m2/day, 160 mg/m2/day, 170 mg/m2/day, 175 mg/m2/day, 180 mg/m2/day, 190 mg/m2/day, 200 mg/m2/day, 210 mg/m2/day, 220 mg/m2/day, 225 mg/m2/day, 230 mg/m2/day, 240 mg/m2/day, 250 mg/m2/day, 260 mg/m2/day, 270 mg/m2/day, 275 mg/m2/day, 280 mg/m2/day, 290 mg/m2/day, 300 mg/m2/day, 310 mg/m2/day, 320 mg/m2/day, 325 mg/m2/day, 330 mg/m2/day, 340 mg/m2/day, 350 mg/m2/day, 360 mg/m2/day, 370 mg/m2/day, 375 mg/m2/day, 380 mg/m2/day, 390 mg/m2/day, 400 mg/m2/day, 410 mg/m2/day, 420 mg/m2/day, 425 mg/m2/day,
430 mg/m2/day, 440 mg/m2/day, 450 mg/m2/day, 460 mg/m2/day, 470 mg/m2/day, 475 mg/m2/day, 480 mg/m2/day, 490 mg/m2/day, 500 mg/m2/day, 525 mg/m2/day, 550 mg/m2/day, 575 mg/m2/day, 600 mg/m2/day, 625 mg/m2/day, 650 mg/m2/day, 675 mg/m2/day, 700 mg/m2/day, 750 mg/m2/day, 800 mg/m2/day, 850 mg/m2/day, 900 mg/m2/day, or 1000 mg/m2/day. For example, in some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is provided that is suitable for administration of an EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of between 10 mg/m2/day and 1200 mg/m2/day, e.g., between 100 and 300 mg/m2/day, between 200 and 300 mg/m2/day, between 200 and 400 mg/m2/day, between 250 and 500 mg/m2/day, between 150 and 400 mg/m2/day, between 150 and 300 mg/m2/day, between 300 and 600 mg/m2/day, between 350 and 400 mg/m2/day, between 350 and 700 mg/m2/day, or between 400 and 1200 mg/m2/day. For example, in some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is provided that is suitable for administration of an EZH2 inhibitor 10 mg/m2/day and 1200 mg/m2/day BID. For example, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 100, 120, 140, 150, 160, 200, 240, 250, 260, 300, 320, 350, 380, 400, or 600 mg/m2 BID.
[0160] In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is formulated for parenteral or enteral administration, for example, as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution. In some such embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form may be suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or any percentage in between of a value of an area under the curve (AUC) of a steady state plasma and/or CSF concentration (AUCss) of an EZH2 inhibitor, wherein the AUCss is determined following administration of the EZH2 inhibitor to an adult subject at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day BID.
[0161] In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is formulated for parenteral or enteral administration, for example, as an oral tablet, suspension, or solution. In some such embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition or dosage form may be suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of between 230 mg/m2 and 600 mg/m2, inclusive of the endpoints. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 300 mg/m2 and 600 mg/m2. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m2 and 305 mg/m2, inclusive of the endpoints. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 240 mg/m2. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of 300 mg/m2. EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered once or twice per
day (BID). For example, EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure may be administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m2 and 600 mg/m2 BID, inclusive of the endpoints.
[0162] In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of about 60% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 1600 mg twice a day to an adult subject. Accordingly, in some such embodime, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is provided that is suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of about about 600 mg/m2 per day or at least 600 mg/m2 per day. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for administration to a pediatric subject.
[0163] In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of about 80% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 800 mg twice a day to an adult subject. Accordingly, in some such embodime, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form is provided that is suitable for administration of the EZH2 inhibitor at a dose of about about 390 mg/m2 per day or at least 390 mg/m2 per day. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for administration to a pediatric subject.
[0164] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms comprising an EZH2 inhibitor that are suitable for administration to a pediatric subject, e.g., a subject between 6 months and 21 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; between 1 year and 18 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints; 10 years of age or less; 5 years of age or less; between 6 months and 1 year of age, inclusive of the endpoints; about 1 year of age; about 2 years of age; about 3 years of age; about 4 years of age; about 5 years of age; about 6 years of age; about 7 years of age; about 8 years of age; about 9 years of age; about 10 years of age; about 11 years of age; about 12 years of age; about 13 years of age; about 14 years of age; about 15 years of age; about 16 years of age; about 17 years of age; about 18 years of age; about 19 years of age; about 20 years of age; or about 21 years of age. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition or dosage form comprising an EZH2 inhibitor is provided that is suitable for administration to a subject that is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 years of age, and not more than 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 , 12, 13, 14 , 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or 21 years of age, wherein every possible age range that can be formed with these values (e.g., at least 4 and not more than 12 years of age; or at least 10 and not more than 18 years of age).
[0165] The pharmaceutical compositions containing an EZH2 inhibitor of the present disclosure may be manufactured in a manner that is generally known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping, or lyophilizing processes. Pharmaceutical compositions may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and/or auxiliaries that facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations that can be used pharmaceutically. Of course, the appropriate formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen.
[0166] Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersion. For intravenous administration, suitable carriers include physiological saline, bacteriostatic water, Cremophor EL™ (BASF, Parsippany, N.J.) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In all cases, the composition must be sterile and should be fluid to the extent that easy syringeability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof. The proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants. Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be achieved by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, sodium chloride in the composition. Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by including in the composition an agent which delays absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
[0167] Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization. Generally, dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle that contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above. In the case of sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions, methods of
preparation are vacuum drying and freeze-drying that yields a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile-filtered solution thereof.
[0168] Compositions suitable for oral administration generally include an inert diluent or an edible pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, they can be enclosed in capsules, e.g., in gelatin capsules, or compressed into tablets. For the purpose of oral therapeutic administration, the active compound can be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of tablets, troches, or capsules. Compositions for oral administration can also be prepared using a fluid carrier for use as a mouthwash, wherein the compound in the fluid carrier is applied orally and swished and expectorated or swallowed.
[0169] Pharmaceutically compatible binding agents, and/or adjuvant materials can be included as part of the composition. The tablets, pills, capsules, troches and the like can contain any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or com starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or Sterotes; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.
[0170] For administration by inhalation, the compounds are delivered in the form of an aerosol spray from pressured container or dispenser, which contains a suitable propellant, e.g. , a gas such as carbon dioxide, or a nebulizer.
[0171] Systemic administration can also be by transmucosal or transdermal means. For transmucosal or transdermal administration, penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art, and include, for example, for transmucosal administration, detergents, bile salts, and fusidic acid derivatives. Transmucosal administration can be accomplished through the use of nasal sprays or suppositories. For transdermal administration, the active compounds are formulated into ointments, salves, gels, or creams as generally known in the art.
[0172] The active compounds (e.g., EZH2 inhibitors of the disclosure) can be prepared with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that will protect the compound against rapid elimination from the body, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants and
microencapsulated delivery systems. Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polygly colic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. Methods for preparation of such formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The materials can also be obtained commercially from Alza Corporation and
Nova Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Liposomal suspensions (including liposomes targeted to infected cells with monoclonal antibodies to viral antigens) can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. These can be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in U. S. Pat. No. 4,522,81 1.
[0173] It is especially advantageous to formulate oral or parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subject to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. The specification for the dosage unit forms of the disclosure are dictated by and directly dependent on the unique characteristics of the active compound and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved.
[0174] In therapeutic applications, the dosages of the pharmaceutical compositions used in accordance with the disclosure vary depending on the agent, the age, weight, and clinical condition of the recipient patient, and the experience and judgment of the clinician or practitioner administering the therapy, among other factors affecting the selected dosage. Generally, the dose should be sufficient to result in slowing, and preferably regressing, the growth of the tumors and also preferably causing complete regression of the cancer. An effective amount of a pharmaceutical agent is that which provides an objectively identifiable improvement as noted by the clinician or other qualified observer. For example, regression of a tumor in a patient may be measured with reference to the diameter of a tumor. Decrease in the diameter of a tumor indicates regression. Regression is also indicated by failure of tumors to reoccur after treatment has stopped. As used herein, the term "dosage effective manner" refers to amount of an active compound to produce the desired biological effect in a subject or cell.
[0175] The pharmaceutical compositions can be included in a container, pack, or dispenser together with instructions for administration.
[0176] The compounds of the present disclosure are capable of further forming salts. All of these forms are also contemplated within the scope of the claimed disclosure.
[0177] As used herein, "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refer to derivatives of the compounds of the present disclosure wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines, alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids, and the like. The pharmaceutically acceptable
salts include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, such conventional non-toxic salts include, but are not limited to, those derived from inorganic and organic acids selected from 2-acetoxybenzoic, 2-hydroxy ethane sulfonic, acetic, ascorbic, benzene sulfonic, benzoic, bicarbonic, carbonic, citric, edetic, ethane disulfonic, 1,2-ethane sulfonic, fumaric, glucoheptonic, gluconic, glutamic, gly colic, glycollyarsanilic,
hexylresorcinic, hydrabamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, hydroiodic, hydroxymaleic, hydroxynaphthoic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, lauryl sulfonic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methane sulfonic, napsylic, nitric, oxalic, pamoic, pantothenic, phenylacetic, phosphoric, polygalacturonic, propionic, salicyclic, stearic, subacetic, succinic, sulfamic, sulfanilic, sulfuric, tannic, tartaric, toluene sulfonic, and the commonly occurring amine acids, e.g. , glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, arginine, etc.
[0178] Other examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include hexanoic acid, cyclopentane propionic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, 4-methylbicyclo-[2.2.2]-oct-2-ene-l-carboxylic acid, 3- phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid, muconic acid, and the like. The present disclosure also encompasses salts formed when an acidic proton present in the parent compound either is replaced by a metal ion, e.g., an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth ion, or an aluminum ion; or coordinates with an organic base such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, N-methylglucamine, and the like.
[0179] It should be understood that all references to pharmaceutically acceptable salts include solvent addition forms (solvates) or crystal forms (polymorphs) as defined herein, of the same salt.
[0180] The EZH2 inhibitors of the present disclosure can also be prepared as esters, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable esters. For example, a carboxylic acid function group in a compound can be converted to its corresponding ester, e.g. , a methyl, ethyl or other ester. Also, an alcohol group in a compound can be converted to its corresponding ester, e.g. , an acetate, propionate or other ester.
[0181] The EZH2 inhibitors of the present disclosure can also be prepared as prodrugs, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs. The terms "pro-drug" and "prodrug" are used interchangeably herein and refer to any compound which releases an active parent drug in vivo. Since prodrugs are known to enhance numerous desirable qualities of
pharmaceuticals (e.g. , solubility, bioavailability, manufacturing, etc.), the compounds of the
present disclosure can be delivered in prodrug form. Thus, the present disclosure is intended to cover prodrugs of the presently claimed compounds, methods of delivering the same and compositions containing the same. "Prodrugs" are intended to include any covalently bonded carriers that release an active parent drug of the present disclosure in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a subject. Prodrugs in the present disclosure are prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound. Prodrugs include compounds of the present disclosure wherein a hydroxy, amino, sulfhydryl, carboxy or carbonyl group is bonded to any group that may be cleaved in vivo to form a free hydroxyl, free amino, free sulfhydryl, free carboxy or free carbonyl group, respectively.
[0182] Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, esters (e.g. , acetate,
dialkylaminoacetates, formates, phosphates, sulfates and benzoate derivatives) and carbamates (e.g. , Ν,Ν-dimethylaminocarbonyl) of hydroxy functional groups, esters (e.g. , ethyl esters, morpholinoethanol esters) of carboxyl functional groups, N-acyl derivatives (e.g. , N-acetyl) N-Mannich bases, Schiff bases and enaminones of amino functional groups, oximes, acetals, ketals and enol esters of ketone and aldehyde functional groups in compounds of the disclosure, and the like, See Bundegaard, H., Design of Prodrugs, pl-92, Elesevier, New York-Oxford (1985).
[0183] The EZH2 inhibitors, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters or prodrugs thereof, are administered orally, nasally, trans dermally, pulmonary, inhalationally, buccally, sublingually, intraperintoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, rectally, intrapleurally, intrathecally and parenterally. In one embodiment, the compound is administered orally. One skilled in the art will recognize the advantages of certain routes of administration.
[0184] The dosage regimen utilizing the compounds is selected in accordance with a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and hepatic function of the patient; and the particular compound or salt thereof employed. An ordinarily skilled physician or veterinarian can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter or arrest the progress of the condition.
[0185] The dosage regimen can be daily administration (e.g. every 24 hours) of a compound of the present disclosure. The dosage regimen can be daily administration for consecutive days, for example, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven consecutive days. Dosing can be more than one time daily, for example, twice, three
times or four times daily (per a 24 hour period). The dosing regimen can be a daily administration followed by at least one day, at least two days, at least three days, at least four days, at least five days, or at least six days, without administration.
[0186] Techniques for formulation and administration of the disclosed compounds of the disclosure can be found in Remington: the Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA (1995). In an embodiment, the compounds described herein, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are used in pharmaceutical preparations in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include inert solid fillers or diluents and sterile aqueous or organic solutions. The compounds will be present in such pharmaceutical compositions in amounts sufficient to provide the desired dosage amount in the range described herein.
[0187] All percentages and ratios used herein, unless otherwise indicated, are by weight.
[0188] Other features and advantages of the present disclosure are apparent from the different examples. The provided examples illustrate different components and methodology useful in practicing the present disclosure. The examples do not limit the claimed disclosure. Based on the present disclosure the skilled artisan can identify and employ other components and methodology useful for practicing the present disclosure.
EXAMPLES
[0189] In order that the invention disclosed herein may be more efficiently understood, examples are provided below. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure in any manner.
Example 1: Tazemetostat descreases medulloblastoma cell growth.
[0190] Medulloblastoma cells are treated with either a negative control (DMSO) or varying concentrations of tazemetostat (EPZ 6438): 0.5 μΜ, 2 μΜ and 6 μΜ. The total cells per milliliter of culture were counted each day for 10 days. While each tazemetostat treatment demonstrated a significant decrease on medulloblastoma cell growth compared to wild type (Figure 26C), the effect was concentration dependent.
[0191] When compared to the efficacy of other small molecule EZH2 inhibitors, including GSK-126 and U C 1999, Tazemetostat demonstrated a superior ability to decrease medulloblastoma cell growth (Figure 26D).
Example 2: Tazemetostat descreases medulloblastoma cell growth in an ex vivo slice culture.
[0192] A 5 year old patient having medulloblastoma underwent surgery to remove a slice of tumor tissue for testing. The medulloblastoma slice was cultured ex vivo on tissue supporting inserts (Figure 28A). Portions of the slice culture were untreated, treated with a lower concentration of tazemetostat (500 nM) or a higher concentration of tazemetostat (2 μΜ) for 4 days. Following the treatment period, the cells of the slice culture were treated with BrdU for 4 hours prior to disaggregation and sorting by flow cytometry.
[0193] Figure 28B provides the results of the treatment by depicting the percent of cells in each of four cell cycle stages (sub G0/G1 , Go/Gl, S or G2/M) following each one of the treatment conditions. The data demonstrate that, compared to the untreated control, an increased proportion of medulloblastoma cells treated with tazemetostat are in the G0/G1 stage and a decreased proportion of medulloblastoma cells treated with tazemetostat are in the G2/M stage. The data indicate that treatment with tazemetostat inhibits proliferation/growth of medulloblastoma cells by interfering with cell division.
[0194] Figure 28C confirms the results of Figure 28B showing that the number of cells synthesizing DNA is significantly decreased in the tazemetostat-treated cells as evidenced by decreased incorporation of BrdU.
Example 3: Tazemetostat pharmacokinetic (PK) data from human phase 1 clinical trial: steady-state PK parameters in adults.
[0195] Tazemetostat pharmacokinetic (PK) data from the first in human phase 1 clinical trial study (CT. gov: NCT101897571), across a dose range of 100 mg (suspension) and 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg (tablet) p.o. twice daily (BID), together with in vitro data including plasma protein binding, blood partitioning, metabolic stability and P450 phenotyping were used to simulate adult exposures by physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBK) modeling (Gastroplus™ 8.5, Simulations Plus Inc.). A model fit for the adult exposures (n=24) adequately describes the time-concentration profiles of tazemetostat. This resulted in prediction of mean steady-state AUC o-t and oral clearance (CL/F) with ±30% of the observed results across the dose ranges. In addition, mean steady-state Cmax was predicted to <2-fold of the observed values, for both suspension and tablet formulations. The resultant model was used to simulate tazemetostat steady-state exposures in discrete pediatric age ranges of (6 month to 1 year (yr), >l-2 yrs, >2-6 yrs, >6-12 yrs, >12-18 yrs) following BID administration of the oral suspension. In addition to the pediatric physiology, the simulations accounted for ontogeny in hematocrit, plasma protein levels and CYP expression. Using this exposure-based analysis, pediatric doses which afforded the target AUC (80% of the adult steady-state AUCo-t at 800 mg or 300 mg/m2 BID) were identified. On the body surface area normalized basis, the projected doses were comparable across the age range (1 to 18 years) from 270 to 305 mg/m2 BID, with a slightly lower projected dose of 230 mg/m2 BID for the 6 months to 1 year old group. As the projected doses by the age were comparable, population simulations were performed to determine the corresponding exposures for each age range at a fixed 300 mg/m2 BID dose. At this dose, mean steady-state Cmax was projected to range between 895 ng/mL and 1550 ng/mL (110% to 190% of Cmax at 800 mg BID in adult), but within the safe and efficacious exposure range defined in adults at doses up to 1600 mg BID (Figures 32 and 33).
[0196] The time-concentration profiles of tazemetostat administered orally at doses 100 - 1600 mg BID in adults were well predicted using a PBPK model, resulting in prediction of mean steady-state AUCo-t and oral clearance (CL/F) within ±30% of the observed results across the dose range. Using this exposure-based analysis, pediatric starting doses which afforded AUCss within the safe and efficacious exposure range defined in adults were identified. For children 1 -18 years of age, the starting dose of 240 mg/m2 was predicted to result in 64% and 36% of the mean steady-state (AUCss) observed for adults at 800 mg and 1600 mg doses, respectively. For children 6 months to 1 year of age, the starting dose of 240 mg/m2 was predicted to result in 80% and 45% of the mean AUCss observed for adults at 800
mg and 1600 mg doses, respectively. The data demonstrated the prospective application of PBPK early in clinical development to support clinical trial design in pediatric patients (see Tables 1 and 2).
Table 1. Drug-Specific data input parameters used in PBPK model.
Table 2. Ratio of predicted versus observed tazemetostat steady -state PK parameters in adults.
[0197] The details of one or more embodiments of the disclosure are set forth in the accompanying description above. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and from the claims. In the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
[0198] All patents and publications cited in this specification are incorporated by reference as if each such publication or document was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated herein by reference. Citation of publications and patent documents is not intended as an admission that any is pertinent prior art, nor does it constitute any admission as to the
contents or date of the same. The invention having now been described by way of written description, those of skill in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced in a variety of embodiments and that the foregoing description and examples below are for purposes of illustration and not limitation of the claims that follow. Where names of cell lines or genes are used, abbreviations and names conform to the nomenclature of the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) or the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), unless otherwise noted or evident from the context.
[0199] The invention disclosed herein can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The foregoing description has been presented only for the purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, but by the claims appended hereto, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of treating a an INI 1 -deficient tumor in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of an enhancer of a zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor. EZH2 inhibitor comprises
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
a stereoisomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or a solvate thereof.
the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
a stereoisomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or a solvate thereof.
a stereoisomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or a solvate thereof.
The method of claim 1 , wherein the EZH2 inhibitor comprises
a stereoisomer, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or a solvate thereof.
8. The method of any one of the foregoing claims, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered orally.
9. The method of any one of the foregoing claims, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is formulated as an oral tablet.
10. The method of any one of the foregoing claims, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of between 10 mg/kg/day and 1600 mg/kg/day.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of about 100, 200, 400, 800, or 1600 mg/kg/day.
12. The method of claim 1 1, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of about 800 mg/kg/day.
13. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is formulated as an oral suspension.
14. The method of any one of claims 1 -8, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is formulated for administration to cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered to cerebral spinal fluid by an intraspinal, an intracranial, an intrathecal or an intranasal route.
16. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m2 and 600 mg/m2 twice per day (BID), inclusive of the endpoints.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of between 230 mg/m2 and 305 mg/m2 twice per day (BID), inclusive of the endpoints.
18. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of 240 mg/m2 twice per day (BID).
19. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of 300 mg/m2 twice per day (BID).
20. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of about 60% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 1600 mg twice a day to an adult subject.
21. The method of claim 13 or 20, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of about 600 mg/m2 per day.
22. The method of claim 13 or 20, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of at least 600 mg/m2 per day.
23. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of about 80% of the area under the curve (AUC) at steady state (AUCss) following administration of 800 mg twice a day to an adult subject.
24. The method of claim 13 or 23, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of about 390 mg/m2 twice per day (BID).
25. The method of claim 13 or 23, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of at least 390 mg/m2 twice per day (BID).
26. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered at a dose of between 300 mg/m2 and 600 mg/m2 twice per day (BID).
27. The method of any one of the foregoing claims, wherein the EZH2 inhibitor is administered twice per day (BID).
28. The method of any one of the foregoing claims, wherein the subject is a pediatric subject.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein the subject is between 6 months and 21 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the subject is between 1 year and 18 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints.
31. The method of claim 28, wherein the subject is 10 years of age or less.
32. The method of claim 28, wherein the subject is 5 years of age or less.
33. The method of any one of the foregoing claims, wherein treating comprises preventing and/or inhibiting proliferation of an INI 1 -deficient tumor cell.
34. A method of treating an INI 1 -deficient tumor in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically-effective amount of tazemetostat,
wherein the therapeutically effective amount is at least 300 mg/m2 twice per day (BID), and
wherein the subject is between 6 months and 21 years of age, inclusive of the endpoints.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16863176.0A EP3370725A4 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2016-11-07 | Pediatric dosing for treatment of cancer with an ezh2 inhibitor |
JP2018523025A JP2018532761A (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2016-11-07 | Pediatric administration for the treatment of cancer with EZH2 inhibitors |
US15/773,757 US20190070188A1 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2016-11-07 | Pediatric dosing for treatment of cancer with an ezh2 inhibitor |
US16/867,717 US20210008075A1 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2020-05-06 | Pediatric dosing for treatment of cancer with an ezh2 inhibitor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562252190P | 2015-11-06 | 2015-11-06 | |
US62/252,190 | 2015-11-06 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/773,757 A-371-Of-International US20190070188A1 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2016-11-07 | Pediatric dosing for treatment of cancer with an ezh2 inhibitor |
US16/867,717 Continuation US20210008075A1 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2020-05-06 | Pediatric dosing for treatment of cancer with an ezh2 inhibitor |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017079757A1 true WO2017079757A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
Family
ID=58662871
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2016/060852 WO2017079757A1 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2016-11-07 | Pediatric dosing for treatment of cancer with an ezh2 inhibitor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20190070188A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3370725A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2018532761A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017079757A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3371175A4 (en) * | 2015-10-06 | 2019-09-25 | Epizyme Inc | Method of treating medulloblastoma with an ezh2 inhibitor |
US10898490B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2021-01-26 | Epizyme, Inc. | Method for treating cancer |
US11147819B2 (en) | 2016-06-17 | 2021-10-19 | Epizyme, Inc. | EZH2 inhibitors for treating cancer |
US11452727B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2022-09-27 | Epizyme, Inc. | Combination therapy for treating cancer |
US11602529B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2023-03-14 | Epizyme, Inc. | Use of EZH2 inhibitors for treating cancer |
US11642346B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-05-09 | Epizyme, Inc. | Combination therapy for treating cancer |
US11786533B2 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2023-10-17 | Epizyme, Inc. | Use of EZH2 inhibitors for treating cancer |
US11951108B2 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2024-04-09 | Epizyme, Inc. | Combination therapy for treating cancer |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013173441A2 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-21 | Glaxosmithkline Llc | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors |
WO2014062720A2 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-24 | Epizyme, Inc. | Methods of treating cancer |
WO2014172044A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-10-23 | Epizyme, Inc. | Substituted benzene compounds |
WO2014177982A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property (No.2) Limited | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors |
WO2014195919A1 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-11 | Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property (No.2) Limited | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors |
WO2015004618A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property (No.2) Limited | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors |
WO2015132765A1 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-11 | Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property (No.2) Limited | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5455044A (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1995-10-03 | Depotech Corporation | Method for treating neurological disorders |
JO3438B1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2019-10-20 | Epizyme Inc | Aryl- or heteroaryl-substituted benzene compounds |
-
2016
- 2016-11-07 US US15/773,757 patent/US20190070188A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-11-07 JP JP2018523025A patent/JP2018532761A/en active Pending
- 2016-11-07 WO PCT/US2016/060852 patent/WO2017079757A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-11-07 EP EP16863176.0A patent/EP3370725A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-05-06 US US16/867,717 patent/US20210008075A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013173441A2 (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-21 | Glaxosmithkline Llc | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors |
WO2014062720A2 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-04-24 | Epizyme, Inc. | Methods of treating cancer |
WO2014172044A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-10-23 | Epizyme, Inc. | Substituted benzene compounds |
WO2014177982A1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property (No.2) Limited | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors |
WO2014195919A1 (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2014-12-11 | Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property (No.2) Limited | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors |
WO2015004618A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property (No.2) Limited | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors |
WO2015132765A1 (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-09-11 | Glaxosmithkline Intellectual Property (No.2) Limited | Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitors |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
IRINA ALIMOVA ET AL.: "Targeting the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 in medulloblastoma", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, vol. 131, no. 8, 2012, pages 1800 - 1809, XP055380972 * |
See also references of EP3370725A4 * |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10898490B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2021-01-26 | Epizyme, Inc. | Method for treating cancer |
US11642349B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2023-05-09 | Epizyme, Inc. | Method for treating cancer |
EP3371175A4 (en) * | 2015-10-06 | 2019-09-25 | Epizyme Inc | Method of treating medulloblastoma with an ezh2 inhibitor |
US11951108B2 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2024-04-09 | Epizyme, Inc. | Combination therapy for treating cancer |
US11786533B2 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2023-10-17 | Epizyme, Inc. | Use of EZH2 inhibitors for treating cancer |
US11147819B2 (en) | 2016-06-17 | 2021-10-19 | Epizyme, Inc. | EZH2 inhibitors for treating cancer |
US11642346B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-05-09 | Epizyme, Inc. | Combination therapy for treating cancer |
US11602529B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2023-03-14 | Epizyme, Inc. | Use of EZH2 inhibitors for treating cancer |
US11452727B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 | 2022-09-27 | Epizyme, Inc. | Combination therapy for treating cancer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2018532761A (en) | 2018-11-08 |
US20210008075A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
US20190070188A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
EP3370725A4 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
EP3370725A1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20200268765A1 (en) | Method of treating medulloblastoma with an ezh2 inhibitor | |
US20210008075A1 (en) | Pediatric dosing for treatment of cancer with an ezh2 inhibitor | |
AU2020205261B2 (en) | Methods of treating cancer | |
US20220193084A1 (en) | Inhibitors of ezh2 and methods of use thereof | |
US20210121470A1 (en) | Method of treating malignant rhabdoid tumor of the ovary (mrto)/small cell cancer of the ovary of the hypercalcemic type(sccoht) with an ezh2 inhibitor | |
EA038337B1 (en) | Ezh2 inhibitors for treating lymphoma | |
US20230201212A1 (en) | Inhibitors of ezh2 and methods of use thereof | |
KEILHACK et al. | Patent 3000983 Summary |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16863176 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2018523025 Country of ref document: JP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2016863176 Country of ref document: EP |